Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: near M’volo & Niamniam-land); Upper Sobat; Mongalla Prov. (south of Gondokoro); Lake Rudolf.
M. arcuata Poir.
Climbing shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a white leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, yellow with purplish or orange, hairy throat.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).
M. erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn.
Shrub or climber. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a red leaf. Cor. white or yellowish, tube densely reddish-hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
A handsome decorative plant.
475Anthospermum pachyrrhizum Hiern.
Heath-like undershrub with fascicled, scabrid, linear leaves, ⅔ in. long; stipules subulate. Calyx minute, 1-2 lobes enlarged, leaf-like. Cor. funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dicoccous.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,200 ft.).
476Stipularia elliptica Schwfth.
Small, somewhat cottony shrub. Leaves elliptical, apiculate, wedge-shaped or obtuse at base. Flowers white in solitary axillary heads enclosed in 1 or 2 red or purple bracts.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
477Tarenna nilotica Hiern.
Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or obovate, papery. Flowers ½ in. long, white, 5-merous, in dense sessile corymbs; cor. salver-shaped. Berry globular.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
478Randia nilotica Stapf. KHARUM or TAKIRNI (Baggara), ABU MARFEIN (Bahr El Ghazal), SIMEIN & SHIDR EL MARFEIN (Baggara), UMKALOL, UMSHALALO & YAU (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; UMDAMUN (Dilling) & RŪT (Tagele)—Nuba; KULUJI—Bari; AGHEI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; DIG—Burun.
Stiff, spinous shrub; spines opposite or alternate. Leaves usually obovate, cuneate at base, 3 in. long. Flowers usually creamy white, sometimes orange or greenish-yellow, solitary or few together, almost axillary or on short lateral shoots, pentamerous. Fruit subglobose, crowned by calyx lobes, up to 1½ in. long.
Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile (Goz El Siada), Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
The fruit is said to act as a fish poison and as an antidote to arrow poison. It is a useful emetic.
R. genipæflora DC.
Straggling shrub to small tree, unarmed. Leaves oval or oblong, thin in texture, cuneate at base up to 6 in. long. Flowers white, stellate, ¾ in. long, in short dense axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ⅓ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
R. sp. KIRKIR (Baggara) & SOGHEIT (Fung)—Arab; MAINTU (Dilling & J. Ghulfan) & TINTURING (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Tall shrub or small tree with large light green leaves and fruit size of a small orange. Flowers not seen.
Fung Prov. (Roseires, edges of Khors); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba).
By the Nubas the fruit is said to be edible.
R. malleifera Benth. BIRKWA—Jur; BLIPPO—Zande.
Ornamental puberulous shrub, 8-15 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, opposite or apparently 3 together at end of twigs by suppression of the node, the solitary pendulous flower replacing the missing leaf. Corolla tawny hairy outside, white inside; tube 3 in. long, slender; lobes ab. 2-3 in. in diam., fragrant. Fruit globose, obscurely ribbed, 1½ in. across, crowned by calyx lobes; style long, clapper-shaped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shady Khors).
Yields a black sap with which the Niamniams paint their bodies.
R. sp.
Large shrub, no flowers seen; branchlets tomentose. Leaves ovate-orbicular, softly pubescent on the nerves beneath, about 3 in. broad. Young fruits ellipsoid, glabrous.
Mongalla Prov. (Kagi Ko, Yei River, Sillitoe 333).
R. macrantha DC.
Climbing shrub. Leaves oval or obovate-oblong, deciduous, crowded at ends of branches. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, fragrant. Cor. green and white; tube slender; limb 2½ in. diam.; style long. Fruit globose or pear-shaped, 1½ in. diam.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
479Morelia senegalensis A. Rich. KUUM—Dinka; MUNDONGO or YAMALA—Golo; BAKIWE—Zande.
Large shrub to small tree. Leaves oval or oblong, 2-7 in. long. Flowers up to ½ in. long, white, fragrant, clustered in axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ½ in. diam., green.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (watercourses).
The straight stems are used for lance-shafts.
480Gardenia Jovis-Tonantis Welw. BAGGIS—Arab; MAMELE-BA—Bongo; CHII—Golo; AKANJA—Jur.
Shrub. Leaves ternate, oval or obovate. Flowers solitary, terminal, aromatic, yellowish, 6-11-merous, 1-3 in. across. Fruit more or less spindle-shaped, when ripe subtranslucent, yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Moru territory, near Ayi River).
Shrub very similar to G. lutea, very ornamental. Fruit is edible and tastes like an inferior apple.
G. Aqualla Stapf & Hutchinson.
Shrub, 4-7 ft. high. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, elongate-obovate, about 6 in. long, scabrid above, pubescent below. Flowers white, at length yellow; corolla appressed-tomentose. Fruit ellipsoid, beaked, ribbed, 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
G. erubescens Stapf & Hutchinson (= G. Tinneæ Vig.).
Tree, 15-20 ft.; branchlets softly tomentose. Leaves verticillate, broadly obovate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, often reddish, Flowers yellow; corolla sparingly pubescent. Fruit edible.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Reggo).
G. lutea Fresen. ABBAKA, ABU GAWI & BAGGIS—Arab; MAGAL (J. Daier)—Nuba; KUGO—Bongo; DAUNG (Bahr El Ghazal) & DONG (or ADONG) (Mongalla) & DUNK—Dinka; DUFITI—Bari; AKLIMBO or CHII—Golo; RUNDA—Hameg; ADWANG—Jur; M’BEGGE—Zande.
Shrub, often spiny, the spines formed by abortive branches. Leaves oval or obovate, up to 6 in. long, opposite or 3-4 together. Flowers solitary, terminal, 6-10-merous; calyx often spathaceous, slit on one side; cor. white or yellow, lobes up to 1½ in. long, contorted. Fruit ovoid or globose, up to 4 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands); South of Lat. 13° N.
The roots, boiled with Dura flour are taken by the natives as a cure for Blackwater fever. Wood hard, dense, even-grained, light-yellow, used for knife handles. Yields a fragrant resin called ABU BEKA by Arabs. The fruit is a fish-poison.
G. Vogelii Hook. f. BIANGA—Zande.
Shrub to small tree. Leaves dark-green, oval or obovate, up to 10 in. long, opposite. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, fragrant, 5-merous, ab. 6 in. long. Fruit spindle-shaped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).
The fruit yields a blue-black dye, used by the Azande for staining their faces.
G. urcelliformis Schwfth.
Shrubby. Leaves opposite or ternate, elliptical, 3-5 in. long. Flowers solitary, terminal; ovary urn-shaped. Fruit ovoid, 2 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
481Amaralia heinsioides Wernham.
Scandent shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, subcordate at the base, 7-8 in. long, about 4 in. broad, thin, glabrous. Corolla bell-shaped, tubular at the base, white outside; lobes rose, tomentose outside. Berry red.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diamvonu River).
A. bignoniæflora Welw.
Scandent shrub or tree. Leaves evergreen, opposite, oval, up to 9 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate, under 3 in. long; cor. white outside and purple inside, or orange blotched with purple. Fruit oblong, 4 in. long, red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
482Macrosphyra longistyla Hook. f.
Scandent, tawny, hairy shrub. Leaves opposite, hirsute, oval, ovate or obovate, up to 7 in. long, deciduous. Flowers 2-3 in. long with style exserted by as much again, subsessile and clustered at extremities of branches. Cor. cream-coloured; style green. Berry pear-shaped or globose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
483Oxyanthus formosus Hook. f.
Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, subauriculate, 8-11 in. long. Fl. 5-8 in. long, white, in axillary ebracteolate panicles, not longer than the leaves.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
O. unilocularis Hiern.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, auriculate-cordate, 10-20 in. long. Flowers 4-6 in. long, white, in branched axillary panicles shorter than leaves. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam., crowned with persistent calyx limb, 1-celled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors near Deim Zubeir).
O. macrophyllus Schwfth.
Tree, 50-60 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate-oblong, subauriculate, 12-16 in. long. Flowers 6 in. long, white, in dense axillary panicles. Fruit globose, fleshy, 2-celled with 1 seed in each cell.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Jur-land).
484Feretia apodanthera Del.
Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval, papery, 1½ in. long. Flowers white, ¾ in. long, subsessile, clustered on short lateral shoots; anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla. Fruit ¼ in. in diameter.
Kassala Prov. (Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Dar Fertit; between Wau & Deim Zubeir).
The fruit can be used as a substitute for coffee (fide A. Rich).
485Tricalysia niamniamensis Schwfth.
Puberulous shrub with straight branches. Stipules intrapetiolar, broad-deltoid, apiculate, connate. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, narrowed to base, with tufts of hairs on axils of veins, up to 3½ in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, ⅓ in. long, subsessile, axillary. Berry pubescent, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
T. djurensis Hiern.
Puberulous shrub. Differs from above by leaves being rounded or slightly hollowed at the base. Cor. greenish. Fruit 1-seeded, red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
T. okelensis Hiern.
Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, papery. Flowers in axillary clusters, 5-7-merous; style somewhat hairy above, 2-3-cleft. Berry ¼ in. diam., at first yellow, then red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Khor Okel).
486Guettarda sp.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
487Pentanisia Schweinfurthii Hiern.
Dwarf herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse; stipules 2-3 cuspidate. Flowers ½ in. long, lilac, sessile, in branched heads. Fruit subglobose, puberulous, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
488Cremaspora africana Benth.
Pubescent subscandent shrub, with supra-axillary spreading branches. Leaves dimorphous, oval to oblong, 4 in. long, acuminate, or below the base of the branchlets auricled, subreniform, up to 1½ in. in diam. Flowers 5-merous, white, fragrant, under ½ in. long, subsessile, 2-6 in short axillary clusters.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela, Bongo, Niamniam & Jur lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
Fruits yield a blue colour like Indigo.
489Polysphæria parvifolia Hiern.
Shrub, 7 ft. high, with supra-axillary branchlets. Leaves dimorphous, oval to ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, or below the branchlets suborbicular and cordate. Flowers small, 4-merous, axillary, 3-5 together in sessile clusters. Berry ¼ in. in diam.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat).
P. Schweinfurthii Hiern.
Much branched shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oblong-ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, up to 4 in. long. Calyx persistent, 4-toothed. Berries 1-2 together, ¼ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Malgo Stream).
490Canthium zanzibaricum Klotzsch.
Unarmed shrub, sometimes scandent; branches at first green, turning white. Leaves coriaceous, oval to ovate, obtusely acuminate, rather unequal, under 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, in dense axillary panicles. Fruit 2-lobed, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam and Bongo lands).
C. polycarpum Schwfth.
Tree, 40 ft. high, in habit not unlike a tree-fern. Leaves oval, acuminate, papery. Fruits numerous, 2-lobed, ¼ in. long, wrinkled; seeds horse-shoe shaped. Panicle sub-globose, axillary, 2-3 in long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
C. venosum Oliv.
Unarmed shrub, tree or climber; young parts rusty-hispid. Branches ashy; leaves oval-ovate to lanceolate, subcoriaceous, with hairy depressions in axils of veins, up to 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, axillary, in globose panicles, 1 in. in diam. Fruit globose, hard, ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands and near Badari’s); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. crassum Schwfth.
Unarmed shrub, 5-15 ft. high; bark corky-white. Leaves subcoriaceous, obovate or oval, 6-9 in. long, opposite. Flowers 4-5-merous, ¼ in. long, in lateral and axillary panicles, below the young leaves.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Mittu lands).
C. nitens Hiern.
Glossy, unarmed shrub; branches ashy, thickened at nodes. Leaves coriaceous, shining, oval acuminate, up to 4 in. long. Flowers axillary, numerous, umbellate. Fruit obovoid-oblong, under ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
C. Schimperianum A. Rich.
Nearly glabrous arborescent shrub. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glossy above, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, umbellate. Fruit ¼ in. long, obscurely wrinkled.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
491Vangueria venosa Hochst.
Large shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., deciduous, elliptical, narrowed to both ends, glabrous. Fl. greenish, in lax lateral and axillary panicles, 1-2 in. in diam. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 sided, 1 in. in diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands).
Fruit is eaten.
V. abyssinica A. Rich.
Unarmed shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, velvety, 2-5 in. long; stipules caudate, from a broad connate base. Fl. small, yellowish-green, in branched panicles, 1 in. in diam.; cor. velvety outside. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 channelled.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli and Abu Sugra on the left bank of the Blue Nile).
V. apiculata K. Schum.
Scandent shrub. Leaves ovate, gradually acuminate, 3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes axillary, very shortly pedunculate; pedicels softly tomentose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
492Meyna tetraphylla Robyns.
Subscandent puberulous shrub, 20 ft. high, with opposite spinous branches; spines ½-1 in. long, decussate or opposite a spine-like branchlet. Leaves crowded on short shoots, pseudo-verticillate in fours, oval, chartaceous. Fl. in short axillary clusters on hairy stalks, 4-5-merous, very small; cor. hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Abu Gurun’s Zeriba); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
493Rytiginia pauciflora Robyns.
Spinous shrub up to 15 ft. high; spines supra-axillary, opposite, up to ⅓ in. long. Leaves ovate, obtusely acuminate. Flowers small, solitary or 2 together; cor. glabrous with 6-8 tailed lobes. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-4 ribbed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).
R. euonymoides Blume.
Unarmed shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate, obtusely acuminate, obliquely narrowed at the base, chartaceous with small tufts of hairs in axils of the lateral nerves beneath. Fl. 2-3 together, minute; cor. throat hairy. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-5 ribbed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land).
494Fadogia leucophlœa Hiern.
Unarmed shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, shortly cuneate, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, glabrous, bright green. Fl. clustered, crowded; calyx and ovary pubescent; corolla 6-lobed; disk hairy. Fruit 2-3 lobed or oblique, ⅓ in. long, minutely pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; Bongo-land).
F. agrestis Schwfth.
Herbaceous, hairy undershrub, 2 ft. high, branching from the base. Leaves ternate, oval. Fl. hairy, in short axillary panicles. Fruit ribbed, tipped by persistent calyx, ½ in. broad.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
F. Cienkowskii Schwfth.
Hirsute undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 together, oval, obtuse, chartaceous; stipules apiculate. Fl. 1-3 on a short axillary peduncle; cor. short, funnel-shaped; lobes 5-6. Drupe globose.
Fung Prov. (Fadoga).
F. glaberrima Schwfth.
Glabrous undershrub; branches ternate. Leaves ternate, oval, subsessile. Fl. minute, 3 together on an axillary peduncle; cor. greenish-white; lobes 5-6.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
495Temnocalyx ancylanthus Robyns.
Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oval, chartaceous, glabrous, 1-3 in. long; stip. apiculate, covering a ring of caducous white hairs. Fl. nearly 1 in. long, greenish-white, 1-4 together on a short peduncle; cor. funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; stigma 5-lobed at the tip.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).
var. puberula Robyns.
Leaves pubescent on the nerves below.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
496Craterispermum laurinum Benth.
Shrub. Leaves yellowish-green on both sides, opposite, obovate-oval, 2-9 in. long. Fl. ¼ in. long, in stalked clusters, 1 in. in diam.; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. diam. Berry obliquely globular, ab. ¼ in. in diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
C. Schweinfurthii Hiern.
Undershrub. Leaves pale yellowish-green on both sides, oval acuminate, coriaceous, 5-6 in. long; stipules broadly ovate, connate at base. Fl. white, ⅓ in. long, in somewhat supra-axillary pedunculate heads. Berry black-purple, ⅜ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
497Ixora radiata Hiern.
Large shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves opposite, evergreen, oval to narrow-elliptic, undulate, glossy, up to 12 in. long. Fl. 2-3 in. long, rose-coloured, crowded in branched clusters; cor. tube slender, lobes ¼ in. long. Berry subglobose or subdidymous, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
I. sp.? TURA (Baggara)—Arab; KURUWI (J. Eliri) & TIMLEIRRUK (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Shrub. Fl. not seen. Fruit a globular berry.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks).
498Pavetta subcana Hiern. PALANJEKE—Golo.
Small, hoary shrub. Leaves opp., oval, pubescent, 1-2 in. long, rounded or emarginate at apex. Fl. ¾ in. long, crowded, many together at ends of short naked branches; cor. tube slender, pubescent, lobes 4. Berry fleshy, pea-shaped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
P. genipæfolia Sch. & Thonn.?
Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, chartaceous, at first hirsute-pubescent, 3-9 in. long. Fl. ⅔ in. long, in dense, globose panicles, 2-4 in. diam.; calyx-lobes obovate-oblong, foliaceous, ½ in. long; cor. tube slender. Fr. globose, ⅓ in. diam., crowned by persistent calyx, shining, with scattered hairs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
P. gardeniæfolia Hochst.
Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate, often marked with immersed glands, 1-3 in. long; stip. ovate, apiculate, covering caducous hairs. Fl. 4-merous, white, ½ in. long, in drooping corymbs, up to 1½ in. long. Berry fleshy, ¼ in. in diam.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,800 ft.).
P. Oliveriana Hiern.
Velvety-hairy shrub. Leaves oval, subacuminate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, 1½ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs, 5 in. in diam. Berry fleshy.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
P. Baconia Hiern.
Large shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, acuminate, 3-8 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, ab. ¼ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs 2-3 in. across, with 2 foliaceous bracts at the base; cor. throat bearded. Berry 2-channelled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).
P. ruwenzoriensis S. Moore.
Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, thinly pubescent on both sides, 5 in. long. Flowers in dense terminal corymbs. Calyx lobes linear. Corolla nearly 1 in. long, pure white. Anthers dark.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
P. near P. ruwenzoriensis S. Moore.
Like the preceding, but corymbs axillary and terminal and leaves narrowly obovate, glabrous.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
499Coffea sp. (= C. liberica Hiern?).
Shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, acute at the base, about 10 in. long and 5 in. broad, papery, glabrous. Flowers large. Corolla about 1¼ in. long. Anthers exserted, ⅓ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
500Rutidea olenotricha Hiern.
Climbing shrub with opposite, shortly tomentose branches. Leaves opp., obovate-oval, with hairy tufts beneath in axils of lateral nerves, up to 5½ in. long. Flowers 5-merous, in little heads collected in terminal pyramidal panicles; cor. whitish, hairy outside, with unpleasant smell. Fruit pea-shaped, fleshy.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
R. sp.
Climbing shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad. Fruits globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Schwfth. 3113).
501Morinda lucida Benth.
Small tree; branchlets rounded. Leaves elliptic, 6 in. long, 3 in. broad, shining. Peduncles in pairs, slender. Fruit a deeply lobed syncarpium.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek & Tonj).
M. longiflora G. Don.
Shrub, often scandent. Leaves opp., oval, acuminate, 2-6 in. long; stipules short, broad, connate and sheathing. Fl. 1-2 in. long, 3-8 together in terminal heads; cor. white or copper-coloured, 6-lobed. Fr. a succulent syncarpium, 1½ in. in diam., orange-coloured.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
502Psychotria sulphurea Schwfth.
Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oval, 5-6 in. long; stip. broadly ovate, 3-pointed. Fl. ⅛ in. long, sulphur-coloured, crowded in terminal, simple or branched cymes. Berry 2-lobed, ¼ in. in diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Niamniam lands).
P. cristata Hiern.
Shrubby. Leaves oval or elliptical, acuminate, 3-7 in. long, margins revolute. Fl. minute, 5-merous, in dense corymbose cymes; cor. white with yellow throat, lobes keeled and crested on back. Fr. subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. & Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
P. Schweinfurthii Hiern.
Shrubby creeping plant. Leaves opp., oval or elliptical. Fl. ¼ in. long, in crowded terminal panicles; cor. funnel-shaped, throat thinly hairy. Fr. subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
P. mucronata Hiern.
Glabrous undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oval; stip. ovate, longer than the petiole, bifid. Fl. cymose; cor. white, 5-lobed, sweet-scented like the Elder. Fruit subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
P. nubica Del.
Glabrous shrub, 7 ft. high. Leaves elliptical, 3 in. long; stip. triangular. Fl. ½ in. long, 5-merous, 3-6 together, in 3-branched terminal cymes. Fruit subglobose.
Fung Prov. (Singa).
503Geophila uniflora Hiern.
Creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes. Leaves reniform, cordate, 1-2 in. long, opposite; stip. ovate or rounded, 1 line long. Fl. solitary, white, ⅓ in. long, bracteate at base; cor. throat densely bearded. Fr. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hoo River).
G. involucrata Schwfth.
Creeping puberulous herb. Leaves almost round; stip. semicircular. Fl. enclosed in cup-shaped involucre of oval bracts, white, ⅓ in. long. Fr. fleshy, pea-shaped.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
504Cephaëlis suaveolens Schwfth.
Undershrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval; stip. broadly oval, connate at base, bifid, puberulous. Fl. ab. ¼ in. long, 5-merous, white, sweet-scented, crowded in subterminal and axillary, solitary heads, 1 in. in diam., with 4 involucral bracts. Berry oval, 12-grooved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Okel).
505Diodia breviseta Benth.
Trailing or scandent herb, with scabrid, quadrangular branches. Leaves opp., elliptical, 1-2 in. long, margins scabrid or serrulate; stipules of 5 bristles arising from a short truncate base. Fl. white, 4-merous, sessile, few or several together, axillary. Fr. dicoccous, ⅙ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo River).
506Gaillonia calycoptera Jaub. & Spach.
Rigid undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. linear, fleshy, sessile, ¼-1 in. long; stipules sheathing, each with 2 bristles and adnate to the base of the leaves. Fl. small, sessile, or nearly so, solitary or few together, sheathed at base by a pale, calyx-like, 6-cleft involucre, in simple or alternately branched terminal spikes. Fruit dicoccous.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).
507Spermacoce tenuissima Schwfth.
Very slender glabrous annual. Leaves opp., scabrous, sessile, narrow-linear, acute; stip. truncate and tipped with 1-4 bristles (setæ). Fl. 4-merous in small axillary and terminal sessile heads based by 2 pairs of leaves at right angles to each other; cor. purplish. Fr. dicoccous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
S. Phyteuma Schwfth.
Stiff hispid annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves scabrous, sessile, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. pale-purple in dense axillary and terminal heads based by 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. dicoccous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
S. senensis Hiern.
Herb. Leaves opp., sessile, lanceolate or elliptical, with scabrous margins; stipules with hairy sheath and 5-7 setæ. Fl. white, ¼ in. long, in axillary sessile, verticillate heads based by 1-2 pairs of leaves. Capsule straw-coloured, ⅙ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
S. hebecarpa Oliv.
Slender annual, 18 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, scabrid on the margins, 2 in. long; stip. with hairy sheath and 3-5 setæ. Fl. in axillary and terminal, sessile, leafy heads based by the dilated sheath of the stip. of 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. pubescent.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
var. major Schwfth.
More robust than type and up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 in. long. Bracteoles very numerous, longer than subulate calyx teeth.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
S. leucadea Hochst.
Erect annual with whitish hairs; stems and branches 4-angled. Leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile, scabrous, 1-2 in. long; stipules yellowish, with 5 bristles. Fl. small, 4-merous, in axillary and terminal, verticillate and capitate, leafy heads. Capsule ¼ in. long, hairy above.
Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
S. radiata Sieber.
Hirsute annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, hispid on the midrib beneath, 2½ in. long; stip. with 7-9 slender bristles. Fl. small, white, in dense clusters, up to 1 in. diam., at the ends of stem and branches.
Kordofan Prov.
S. Ruelliæ DC.
Hispid herb; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, nearly linear, up to 3 in. long; stip. with 7 slender bristles. Fl. white, small, verticillate in axils and terminal; clusters sessile. Fr. dicoccous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
S. Kotschyana Oliv.
Procumbent or erect herb, 18 in. high, 4-angled, scabrous. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, up to 3 in. long. Fl. small, in dense verticillate axillary and terminal, leafy and bracteolate heads 1 in. in diam.; bracteoles pale-red, filiform. Fr. pubescent, dicoccous.
Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).
S. compacta Hochst.
Herb, 8-16 in. high; stem marked with raised lines. Leaves opp., linear to oval, 1-2 in. long, scabrous on margins. Fl. small, in dense verticillate, leafy, sessile terminal and axillary heads, ½ to ¾ in. diam. Capsule minute, puberulous.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).
S. dibrachiata Oliv.
Rigid herb, 18 in. high, white-hispid. Leaves lanceolate with revolute margins, 2-3 in. long. Fl. ¾ in. long, sky-blue or purple, in dense terminal sessile heads based by the dilated stip. of the uppermost leaves. Fruit dicoccous.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
S. globosa Schum. & Thonn.
Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, 2½ in. long; stip. with 3-7 bristles. Fl. small, white, in terminal globose clusters based by the reflexed or obsolete upper pair of leaves. Fr. dicoccous.
White Nile Prov.
S. sphærostigma A. Rich.
Annual, 2½ ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 4 in. long; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. ½ in. long in dense sessile, terminal and axillary heads, exceeded by the uppermost, spreading leaves. Fr. dicoccous, bursting round the base.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
508Octodon filifolium Schum. & Thonn.
Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., filiform up to 4 in. long. Fl. 10-20 together within the stipular sheath of the upper leaves and surrounded by numerous filiform bracts; calyx teeth 8, purple; cor. lobes 4, white. Fr. dicoccous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, swampy places).
509Mitracarpum scabrum Zucc.
Sturdy branched annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval or oblong, 1-2½ in. long, with scabrous margins; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. white in verticillate and terminal heads. Fr. more or less 2-lobed, bursting in a ring round the middle, the upper portion somewhat like a mitre.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro, Muriel S/93); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).
510Rubia discolor Turcz.
Scabrous, scandent, perennial; branches 4-angled. Leaves verticillate, ovate, cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, up to 2 in. long, 3-5 nerved. Fl. small, in axillary and terminal cymes. Fr. 2-lobed, fleshy.
Bahr El Jebel (“beyond 2½° N. lat.”).
511Galium Aparine Linn.
Scandent scabrid annual with 4-angled branches. Leaves 6-9 in a whorl, linear to narrow-elliptic, finely prickly on the margins, up to 1 in. long, 1-nerved. Fl. small, white or greenish. Fr. minute, covered with hooked hairs.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Has Has).
G. simense Hochst.
Prostrate, glabrous and angular herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, 1-nerved. Fl. purple, 3 together at ends of short lateral branches. Fr. 2-lobed, coriaceous.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
G. Decaisnei Boiss.
Annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves 6 in a whorl, the upper linear, 1-nerved, the lower spathulate. Fl. purple, minute, in slender divaricate, terminal panicles.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
G. rotundifolium Linn.
Perennial; stems angular, hispidulous. Leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, 3-nerved, bristly on margins, ¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in terminal branched panicles, 4-merous. Fr. bristly-hairy.
Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 9,200 ft.).
G. Mollugo Linn.
Nearly glabrous perennial. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear 1-nerved, ½ in. long, finely scabrid on margins. Fl. small, white, in branched terminal panicles. Fr. very small, subrugose, coriaceous.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
G. sp.
Very small delicate herb with thread-like branches. Leaves whorled, linear, ⅛ in. long. Flowers minute, on very slender pedicels. Ovary villous.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
COMPOSITÆ.
A. Flower-heads homogamous; florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, white, rose, purple or violet, never distinctly yellow. Leaves alternate or with all or only lower leaves opposite.
512Sparganophorus Vaillantii Gærtn.
Glabrous annual. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to elliptical. Flower-heads ab. ⅓ in. in diam.; bracts numerous; involucre hemispherical.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
513Ethulia conyzoides Linn. HASHISH EL FARRAS, RIHAN & UMREHAUN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Branched herb, ab. 3 ft. high. Capitula of purple florets, up to ¼ in. broad, in diffuse corymbose cymes; invol. bracts numerous. Leaves linear to narrow elliptic, 1-5 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
514Erlangea cordifolia Benth.
Erect branching herb. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, sessile, serrulate, scabrid above and hoary beneath, 1-3 in. long. Capitula campanulate ab. ⅓ in. diam.; florets purple.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).
E. Rüppellii Sch. Bip.
Hoary-tomentose herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or the lower opp., linear-lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long. Capitula ab. ⅓ in. in diam., in diffuse terminal corymbose cymes.
Upper White Nile Prov.
E. polycephala O. & H.
Erect, more or less hoary-tomentose herb. Upper leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, base sessile, obtuse or amplexicaul. Capitula small in diffuse cymose panicles.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur to Meshra, Niamniam-land).
515Vernonia jugalis O. & H.
Herb 7-8 ft. high. Leaves obovate or oval, cuspidate, softly tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. long; capitula campanulate, ab. 30-flowered, ab. ½ in. long, in dense corymbose cymes 6 in. in diam.; florets rose-lilac.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
V. atriplicifolia Jaub. & Spach.
Undershrub, ab. 3 ft. high, covered with close stiff silky hairs and scattered sessile glands. Leaves (as with others in this genus) alternate, ovate to rhomboidal with 1-3 coarse teeth on each side, up to 1 in. long. Capitula ab. 12-flowered in a diffuse leafy panicle, red or purplish.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).
V. turbinata Oliv. & Hiern.
Large herb, closely white-tomentose. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, entire or denticulate, scabrous above, 2½ in. long. Capitula turbinate, many-flowered, ⅔ in. wide, purple, in an elongated terminal panicle.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).
V. Perrottetii Sch. Bip. AKIEIRA (Goz el Siada)—Dinka.
Pubescent or puberulous annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-linear, scabrid, up to 2 in. long. Capitula ab. 1 in. diam., campanulate, purple, solitary, terminating the numerous branches.
Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Hillet Nu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
V. violacea O. & H.
Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, obovate-oblong, crenate-dentate, up to 3 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many-flowered ab. ⅔ in. wide, solitary, terminating numerous naked peduncles, 1-3 in. long. Inner pappus violaceous.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
V. ambigua Kotschy & Peyr.
Erect, pilose annual ½-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, with subauricled base, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Cap. hemispherical ab. ¾ in. diam., in terminal corymbose cymes, up to 1 ft. diam.; cor. purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).
V. undulata O. & H.
Erect, puberulous herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate and ovate, undulate, 1-2 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ab. ⅓ in. across, in a lax corymbose cyme 6 in. across; flowers rose-blue.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, near Gumba).
V. cinerascens Sch. Bip.
Very like V. atriplicifolia; differs chiefly by its setaceous pappus.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
V. Smithiana Less.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high, woody at base and silvery-hairy. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, silvery beneath, up to 2½ in. long. Heads hemispherical, ab. 1/5 in. wide, ab. 15-flowered, in small terminal panicles.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
V. plumbaginifolia Fenzl.
Herb, ab. 2 ft. high; stock woody. Leaves obovate-oblong or the upper linear, up to 1½ in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, ⅓ in. across in much branched terminal cymes.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: forest glades, Gir).
V. purpurea Sch. Bip.
Rigid scabrid herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, serrulate, scabrous, up to 6 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many-flowered, dull purple, ¾-1½ in. diam., solitary or in few-headed terminal cymes.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).
V. Unionis Schultz Bip.
Erect, thinly tomentose herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, upper lanceolate dentate-serrate, up to 6 in. long. Heads many-flowered, rose-purple, ½ in. diam., in a terminal panicled corymb ¼-1 ft. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
V. pauciflora Less. GALANVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Erect, pubescent annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves elongated, acutely attenuate at both ends, serrulate, up to 6 in. long, dull yellowish green. Heads ab. 1 in. across, purple, in a terminal, forking, often leafy, cyme 6-12 in. long, and 3-6 in. wide.
Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).
V. amygdalina Del. SURIB—Arab; HAIFERET—Rashida; TEIDE (Dilling)—Nuba; SHUGEIT—Hameg.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed both ends, 4-8 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ⅛-¼ in. wide, white, in dense, much branched globose or pyramidal panicles 4-12 in. diam.
Red Sea Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,000 ft.); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
V. inulæfolia Steud.
Erect scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, or upper lanceolate, distantly serrulate 1-4 in. long; petioles somewhat clasping at the base, 2 lines long. Heads ab. ½ in. diam., many-flowered, in small terminal corymbs, 1½-3 in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
V. infundibularis O. & H.
Tall glabrous herb. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, entire, 1-3½ in. long, subsessile. Heads turbinate, many-flowered, 1-1½ in. diam, bluish violet, solitary or few together on peduncles up to 2½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulensho).
V. Schweinfurthii O. & H.
Perennial branching from a woody stock, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subsessile, almost glabrous, ½-2 in. long. Heads turbinate-hemispherical, reddish violet, ab. ½ in. diam., on peduncles up to 3 in. long, solitary or in corymbose cymes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Jur & Mittu lands).
V. gerberæformis O. & H.
Dwarf perennial ab. 6 in. high. Leaves radical, oblanceolate, denticulate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Scapes up to 1½ in. long, bearing 1 or more linear bracts. Heads widely-campanulate, ab. 1 in. long, solitary erect. Fl. bluish.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai).
V. Kotschyana Sch. Bip.
Tall erect herb. Leaves oblong-elliptical to oblanceolate, 2-6 in. long. Heads 1½-2 in. diam., solitary or in lax terminal cymes; cor. violet; inner scales of invol. wavy-linear-lanceolate, scarious.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes); Upper White Nile Prov. (from Sobat south); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
V. firma O. & H.
Herb; branches grooved, softly tomentose. Leaves elliptical, narrowed both ends, serrate-dentate, green and glabrous above, pale, tinged with red beneath. Heads campanulate, many-flowered ab. ½ in. diam., in a stiff corymbose cyme, leafy below, 6 in. diam; fl. rose-blue, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream).
V. pumila Kotschy & Peyr. BUTRUNGU—Golo.
Dwarf herb from perennial rootstock, 2-4 in. high, more or less leafless at flowering time. Heads 1-1½ in. diam., solitary or cymose; fl. purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (grassy plains); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).
V. Aschersonii Sch. Bip.
Diffuse shrubby herb, ab. 1 ft. high, extremities and leaves white pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, sessile, up to 1½ in. long. Heads campanulate, ab. 20-flowered, ⅓ in. broad, on slender pedicels, ab. 1 in. long, in numerous lax terminal cymes; cor. purple.
Darfur Prov. (Prairies 20-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Red Sea Prov. (near Talug Hilla).
V. theophrastifolia Schwfth.
Ab. 15 ft. high. Upper leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, obtuse, base sessile auricled amplexicaul, scurfy above, puberulous beneath, 13½ in. long. Heads subsessile, ab. 8-flowered, clustered 1-4 together, campanulate, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
V. Thomsoniana O. & H.
Shrub with grooved, obscurely angular branches. Leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuate to the narrow-winged petiole, 3-4 in. long. Heads ⅙ in. diam., campanulate-oblong, closely crowded in corymbose terminal panicles, 6 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: below Kero & Reggo); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme?).
V. conferta Benth.
Tree, 20-25 ft. high with stout tomentose branches. Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, sinuous, thinly tomentose beneath, 1-3 ft. long. Heads ⅓ in. long, 10-18-flowered, in spiciform racemes arranged in ample terminal panicles; cor. greenish-white.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River).
V. sp.
Small tree. Leaves oblanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, stellate-pubescent, denticulate. Heads cymose. Bracts chaffy. Achenes deeply grooved, pubescent Pappus straw-coloured.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (on alluvium at Tonj, N. 313 S.G.H.).
V. sp.
Weak herb. Leaves obovate, remotely toothed, 2 in. long, softly pubescent. Invol. bracts linear, very acute, ⅙ in. long pubescent.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor. 1631 S.G.H.).
516Triplotaxis stellulifera Hutchinson.
Diffuse decumbent annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate, ½ in. to nearly 2 in. long. Heads broad-campanulate, ab. ⅙ in. wide, ab. 20-flowered, in loose corymbose cymes; fl. violet.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).
517Elephantopus scaber Linn.
Erect villous or hirsute herb, 2-8 ft. high. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic or oblong, crenate-serrate with minute mucros on the tips of the serratures, scabrid above, pubescent beneath, 4-8 in. long; petiole amplexicaul. Heads ½ to ¾ in. diam. with an involucre of 3-5 ovate rotundate bracts.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
Said to possess febrifugal and diuretic properties.
518Adenostemma viscosum Forst.
Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, cuneate at base, serrate or crenate-dentate up to 6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long. Heads ab. ⅓ in. wide in usually viscous pubescent axillary and terminal panicles; cor. white.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba).
519Ageratum conyzoides Linn.
Hirsute herb. Leaves opp., or upper alternate, ovate, obtuse, base narrowed, crenate, 1-3 in. long. Heads ¼ in. diam., in dense terminal panicled corymbs. Fl. white to lilac or purple.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
An invading weed in most parts of the Tropics.
520Eupatorium africanum O. & H.
Pubescent. Leafy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base rounded, 3-nerved, 3 in. long. Heads ab. 5-flowered, ⅙ in. wide, in dense terminal, corymbose cymes, 1½-4 in. broad. Fl. white or purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of Gumba).
521Mikania scandens Willd.
Twiner, ab. 40 ft. high. Leaves opp., from ovate to deltoid or hastate, base cordate or auricled, 1-5 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Heads ab. ¼ in. long, subsessile in terminal and axillary corymbose panicles. Fl. purplish, white or pale yellow.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near the Mbrwole River).
B. Flower-heads various, mostly (1) heterogamous; outer (ray) florets, usually female, sometimes neuter, ligulate, tubular or filiform; inner (disk) florets tubular, hermaphrodite, rarely wholly sterile; (2) homogamous by suppression of ray florets, tubular or campanulate and hermaphrodite; (3) unisexual. Corolla white, largely yellow, but also pink, purple or blue.
522Microtrichia Perrottetii DC.
Pubescent herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, coarsely toothed, 1½ in. long. Heads many-flowered, small, yellow, heterogamous. Fl. tubular, denticulate, disk campanulate 5-fid.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Tonj River near Addai).
523Dichrocephala latifolia DC.
Erect herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate, 1½-3 in. long. Heads subglobose, heterog.; fem. fl. white, tubular, 2-3 dentate; hermaphr. fl. purple campanulate.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
524Grangea maderaspatana Poir. RIMITH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; RUBEL—Rashida; KEIRANI—Hadendowa.
Hairy herb up to 1 ft. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid, ½-3 in. long. Heads yellow, small, 1-3 together, terminal or leaf-opposed, heterog.; fem. fl. narrow tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 4-5-fid.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland: Tonj River); Karawan.
The leaves are valued for their anodyne properties; they are also said to be stomachic and anti-spasmodic.
525Ceruana pratensis Forsk.
Hairy herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid or coarsely toothed, base often clasping and auricled. Heads small, yellow cymose, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 5-fid.
North Sudan; Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
526Felicia Richardii Vatke.
Wiry herb or shrub. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long, hispid. Heads solitary at ends of branches, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. hermaphr. or wholly or partly sterile, tubular, 5-toothed; anthers petaloid, linear-oblong. Fl. white.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).