Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
591Limnanthemum niloticum Kotschy & Peyr.
Aquatic herb; stems erect or runner-like with alt. or sub-opp. leaves or resembling petioles (false petioles). Leaves orbicular with a deep sinus at base, 1-4 in. diam.; false petiole bearing a cluster of 4-8 fl. a little below the leafblade; cor. yellow; tube with 5 tufts of hair at the middle, lobes long ciliate. Fr. subglobose, 7-10 seeded.
White Nile Prov. (near Abba Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land, etc.).
592Swertia cf. S. abyssinica Hochst.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).
PRIMULACEÆ.
593Anagallis arvensis Linn. SABUNGHEYT, AIN EL JENEL & LUBBUN—Arab. The Common Pimpernel.
Diffuse glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. solitary, axillary, red, rose or blue, 5-merous; capsule globose, splitting transversely round the middle.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Khors Gwob & Tamanib, Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.
The plant is used in cerebral affections, leprosy, hydrophobia, dropsy, etc. Said to be poisonous to dogs.
594Samolus Valerandi Linn.
Glabrous herb, up to 3 ft. high, with radical and cauline obovate leaves. Fl. in terminal and axillary panicles, small, white, 5-merous; stamens nearly sessile in cor. tube; capsule 5-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
PLUMBAGINACEÆ.
595Statice axillaris Forsk. Sea Lavender.
Low, seaside undershrub. Leaves alt., oblanceolate to spathulate, fleshy, 1-2 in. long; flowering-stem ½-1 ft. high. Fl. purple and pink, in unilateral bracteate panicled spikes.
Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).
596Plumbago zeylanica Linn. TERMIS—Hadendowa.
Scandent undershrub. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1½ to 4 in. long. Fl. in terminal spikes; calyx tubular 5-toothed, covered with stalked viscous glands; cor. white, salver-shaped; tube exserted; capsule membranous, enclosed by persistent calyx.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (valleys near Turra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (El Mareikib); Darfur Prov. (J. Burkin: Suruj District & 35 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Niamniam-land).
It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant. The root is said to have vesicant and tonic properties. In the Congo the macerated leaves and lime juice are used for blisters.
PLANTAGINACEÆ.
597Plantago lanceolata Linn.
Herb. Leaves lanceolate in a radical rosette. Peduncles long, slender; heads globose or oblong; bracts ovate, as long as calyx; sepals 4, 2 outer hairy; cor. lobes 4, ovate, spreading; st. 4, twice as long as cor.; anthers versatile. Caps. 2-seeded.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).
P. stricta Schousb.
Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, narrowly linear. Heads many to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles; bracts ovate, longer than calyx; sepals 4, oblong, ⅛ in. long; cor. lobes small, ovate; st. 4, short; caps. 2-seeded.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Between Atbara & Red Sea.
P. ciliata Desf.
Herb, about 1½ in. high, with radical obovate-oblanceolate acute leaves softly woolly all over. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, about ¾ in.; heads oblong or ellipsoid, ⅓-½ in. long; bracts ovate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).
HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.
598Hydrolea floribunda Kotschy & Peyr.
Branched riverside herb. Leaves alt., linear, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. in dense cymose, 6-8 in. long panicles, 5-merous; cor. blue; lobes ¼ in. long; filaments dilated at base into 2 upcurved auricles. Capsule ellipsoid, 1/7 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Dar Fertit, Banks of the Jur River).
H. graminifolia A. W. Bennett.
Marsh herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear, 2-3 in. long. Flowers corymbose, cymose panicles 3-8 in. long; cor. blue, lobes ¼ in. long; stamen filaments dilated to a deltoid-ovate base. Capsule globose or ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Badari’s).
H. macrosepala A. W. Bennett.
Marsh herb, 8-24 in. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate to linear, 1-2 in. long. Panicles lax, few-flowered, 3-12 in. long; sepals cordate-ovate, ¼ in. long, enlarged in fruit; cor. blue, shorter than calyx. Capsule ⅙ in., subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
BORAGINACEÆ.
599Cordia abyssinica R. Br. AZANAYA (Baggara), TUMBAREIB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB, or INDERAB ENTAYA (Fung), GAMBIL & GIMBIL (Gallabat)—Arab; KWAKELANG (Dilling), ZAN (Rashad-Talodi) & KUII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BANJAM—Hameg.
Medium-sized to large tree. Leaves alt., ovate or suborbicular, up to 7 in. long. Cymes scorpioid (as in all this family) forming a terminal panicle; calyx tubular, 10-furrowed; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; style twice forked; fruit ovoid, ½ in. diam., smooth.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near Gendua River); Blue Nile Prov. (near Abu Shendy); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Deim Zobeir).
Heartwood yellowish brown, polishes well, known in Khartoum as Sudan Teak and used for cabinet work. Fruit edible.
C. Holstii Gürke.
Tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves alt., suborbicular, subcordate, 3-5 in. long, densely yellow-tomentose beneath. Cymes 3-5 flowered, in lax terminal panicles; cor. white, ¾ in. long; calyx 4-5 toothed, shallowly 10-furrowed; stamens 4-5; style twice-forked.
Fung Prov. (Roseires).
C. ovalis R. Br.
Shrub or small tree; outer bark crustaceous, peels off exposing young green-coloured bark. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, reddish pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal, dense, shorter than leaves; calyx irregularly toothed, not furrowed, ¼ in.; cor. 4-5 lobed, nearly ½ in. long; style bipartite nearly to base.
Darfur Prov. (J. Serg); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Gigging).
C. crenata Del. INDERAB—Arab; BIZU—Hameg.
Low tree. Leaves alt., obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, crenate or upper half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, not sulcate, silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on enlarged, woody, crenate calyx.
Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Fertangul).
C. Rothii Roem. & Schultes. MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB & INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL (White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI (Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT (Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG (Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH (Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk.
Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, up to 3 in. long. Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style arms club-shaped. Fruit ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged calyx.
Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.
Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood and used as a substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet pulp and is eaten. The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes from wounds.
600Ehretia Braunii Vatke.
Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves alt., oval or obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in scorpioid cymose panicles; cor. white, tipped purple, ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens 4-7; style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe.
Mongalla Prov.
E. Stuhlmannii Gürke. OWI—Bari.
Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. broad, oval, acute or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent beneath. Cymes long-peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. 5-merous; cor. tube minute, lobes reflexed, white; stamens long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the middle. Drupe small, globose.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging).
601Coldenia procumbens Linn. YAKADI—Bari.
Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, plicate, 1 in. long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or upper ones in secund spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. Fr. mitre-like, depressed-globose, ⅙ in. diam., glandular-hairy.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, rubbed to a fine powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes them to suppurate. The fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to rheumatic swelling.
602Heliotropium supinum Linn. GHUBEYRA—Arab.
Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or oblong, crenate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked scorpioid spikes, 5-merous, small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel).
H. undulatum Vahl. GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ in. long, undulate. Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose, sub-2-winged, nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
H. rariflorum Stocks.
Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., linear, small, sessile, bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. minute; nutlets 4, hispid.
Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces.
Administered externally and internally for snake-bite.
H. strigosum Willd.
Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long; fl. minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.
Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum-boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers.
H. Steudneri Vatke.
Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous, minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
H. longiflorum Hochst. & Steud.
Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or 9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg).
H. zeylanicum Lam. UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.
Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces.
H. indicum Linn.
Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate, up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.
Fung Prov.
H. pallens Del.
Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.
H. ovalifolium Forsk. RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid.
Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
H. europæum Linn. KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.
Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal. Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy; nutlets 4, rugose.
Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).
Eaten by goats.
H. pterocarpum Hochst. & Steud.
Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in pairs, winged.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).
H. arbainense Fresen.
Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt., ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous.
Coast of Nubia.
603Trichodesma physaloides A. DC.
Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to 1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land).
T. africanum R. Br. HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with 5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov. (North).
The leaves are used as diuretic.
T. Bentii Baker & C. H. Wright.
Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long, bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers pilose on back, spirally awned.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000 ft.).
T. zeylanicum R. Br.
Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based hairs. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. diam.; anthers awned; nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.).
Emollient poultices are made from the leaves.
604Cynoglossum Hochstetteri Vatke.
Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper sessile. Racemes lax, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, small, throat with scales inside; nutlets 4 with hooked spines on margins and up the centre.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to 3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin, Erkowit, Has Has).
C. lanceolatum Forsk.
Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous, minute; cor. white, sometimes blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales; nuts 4, covered with hooked spines.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
605Echinochilon fruticosum Desf.
Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4.
Nubia (coast-land).
606Arnebia hispidissima DC. GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. Stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. Spikes dense, finally elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ in. long; nuts 4.
Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov.
607Echium Rauwolfii Del.
Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small, sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining.
Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).
E. longifolium Del. KAHALI—Arab.
Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ in. diam., ovoid, rugose.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi Mahas).
E. arenarium Guss.
Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate. Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires).
SOLANACEÆ.
608Solanum æthiopicum Linn. GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab.
Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry globose, pale red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic.
S. nodiflorum Jacq. HARSH (Kaka)—Arab.
Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black.
Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink.
S. nigrum Linn. ENAB EL DIB—Arab.
Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate-dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., black, rarely red or yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver.
S. schimperianum Hochst.
Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly ½ in. diam.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).
S. albicaule Kotschy.
Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts with white stellate tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly lobed, 1½ in. long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan.
S. hastifolium Hochst.
Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more or less pinnately lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral and terminal, solitary or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; cor. lobes under ½ in. long. Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam.
Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Bor).
S. anomalum Thonn.
Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, branches, petioles and along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, ovate-oblong, pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate. Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. diam.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
S. aculeatissimum Jacq.
Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on stems, branches, upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, interspersed in the younger parts with stiff bristles as also on leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in. long; petiole 1 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam., smooth, orange.
Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi Dunal.
Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, branches, petiole and midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9 lobed, up to 5 in. long, stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra-axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry size of a cherry, yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib Assad); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.
S. dubium Fresen. GUBEIN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. violet. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, enclosed in spiny calyx.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. (J. Berkin).
The plant is pounded and put into water in which hides are soaking to assist the removal of the hair.
S. incanum Linn. GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; TELELEH—Bari; DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka.
Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; branches, leaves and calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 in. long, sinuate. Fl. solitary or few together; cor. purple or white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr. subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza).
The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is said to be edible.
S. hybridum Jacq.
Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, sinuate or entire, 3 in. long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced to a single flower; fl. 5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in. diam., orange-red.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
S. cerasiferum Dunal.
Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; 5-merous; cor. violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. Berry subglobose, yellow.
Fung Prov.
S. Melongena Linn. BEDINGAN—Arab; JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine.
Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is cooked as a vegetable.
S. duplosinuatum Klotzsch.
Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny and stellate-hairy. Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad. Cymes racemose, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in. diam., white, streaked with green.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
S. campylacanthum Hochst.
Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on stem and midribs of leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to oval, entire or shallowly sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately hairy on both surfaces. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered, 5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry globose, 1 in. diam.
Darfur Prov.
S. pruinosum var. pilosulum Dunal.
Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in. long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 flowered, hairy on peduncles and flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a pea.
Fung Prov.
S. sp.? HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa.
Unarmed shrub.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
609Physalis minima Linn.
Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, acuminate, entire or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. diam.; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole).
P. angulata Linn. var.
Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in fruit.
Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).
610Capsicum frutescens Linn. SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab; RARIA—Zande. Red Pepper.
Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size. Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry spindle-shaped, red.
Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated).
C. annuum Linn. FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper.
Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear, under 1½ in. long.
Cultivated in various parts.
Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper.
611Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab.
Tomato Plant.
Cultivated throughout the country.
612Withania somnifera Dun. MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa.
Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose. Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and diuretic properties.
613Lycium persicum Miers. SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa.
Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, ¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet.
Red Sea Prov.
The scarlet berries are said to be eaten.
614Datura Stramonium Linn. SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The Thorn-apple.
Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to 9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).
The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine.
D. Metel Linn.
More pubescent; flowers larger than above.
Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
Poisonous; similar to D. Stramonium.
615Hyoscyamus muticus Linn. SAKARAN—Arab.
Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose.
Dongola Province.
A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and Hyosine.
616Nicotiana Tabacum Linn. DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.
Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. Caps. conical.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov.
Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by the natives, and are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely and yields heavily.
N. rustica Linn. DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo.
Differs from above by smaller leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in closer panicles.
Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov.
The principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and chewing. The Nicotine content is low.
617Schwenkia americana Linn.
Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower ovate and petioled, upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle lax, terminal; calyx 5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 upper longer, total length ⅓ in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
Used as a fish poison on the West Coast.
S. hirta Klotzsch.
Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ in. long. Panicle large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale violet or yellow, lobes equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
CONVOLVULACEÆ.
618Ipomœa verticillata Forsk.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, cordate-ovate, 1-2 in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, on axillary peduncles; cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; midpetaline area well defined as in all the genus. Capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam., glabrous.
Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov. (Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
I. eriocarpa R. Br.
Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to linear-oblong, 1-5 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, 5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. ⅓ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
I. sulphurea Hochst.
Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow, ¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.
Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi).
I. curtipes Rendle.
Finely pubescent twining herb. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate-ovate below, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary on ¼ in. pedicel; cor. purplish, hairy, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
I. blepharophylla Hallier f.
Trailing herb with short yellowish spreading hairs. Leaves linear to lin.-oblong, 1½-3 in. long, margins densely ciliolate. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. reddish, funnel-shaped, 2 in. long. Caps. glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
I. coscinosperma Hochst.
Trailing, slightly hairy annual. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or obl.-lanceolate, 1½-2½ in. long. Fl. 1-2, axillary; cor. red, ⅓ in. long. Capsule glabrous, globose, ¼ in. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (near Abu Gerad).
I. kotschyana Hochst.
Pubescent twiner. Leaves orbicular, 1-2 pinnatifid, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. solitary axillary; cor. funnel-shaped, ab. ⅓ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 3-celled.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Barkin, in Suruj Dist.).
I. cardiosepala Hochst. HANTUD or KHANTUT—Arab; TABĀR—Hadendowa.
Creeping and twining, pilose herb. Leaves cordate, ovate, 1-2 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; fl. 5-merous; 3 outer sepals ovate-cordate, 2 inner lanceolate, ¼ in. long; cor. purplish, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 2-celled; seeds densely tomentose.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
I. mombassana Vatke.
Laxly pilose trailing and climbing herb. Leaves ovate, cordate-sagittate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; cor. white with purple throat, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long; sepals linear-hastate. Caps. glabrous.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka & Meshra El Zeraf woodstations).
I. cordofana Choisy. TEBR or TIBR (White Nile)—Arab; KARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Hairy creeper. Leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly cordate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts ovate, foliaceous; cor. white, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.
Blue Nile, White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, El Dueim to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.
I. pileata Roxb.
Pilose twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, ab. 2 in. long. Fl. enclosed in a large boat-shaped bract; cor. cylindrical, tube 1 in. long; limb spreading, 1 in. diam. Caps. globose, small.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
I. chloroneura Hallier f. LUAE (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Erect branching herb with dense white and yellow hairs. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to oval, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in small dense heads, outer bracts foliaceous; cor. white or pale-yellow, funnel-shaped, under ½ in. Caps. globose; seeds fawny, silky-pubescent.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).
I. involucrata P. Beauv.
Slender, finely hairy or glabrescent twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1½-3 in. long; petiole as long. Peduncle 1-3 in. long; fl. several in a head, enclosed in a large, 2-cusped, foliaceous, boat-shaped bract, 2 in. diam.; cor. bright pink, 1-2 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. small, globose, glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
I. amœna Choisy.
Twiner with soft yellow hairs, mixed in younger parts with white hairs. Leaves ovate, shallowly cordate, 1-3½ in. long. Fl. in dense hairy cymose heads; cor. purple-violet or cream, with crimson throat, ab. ½ in. long. Capsules small, glabrous, 2-celled.
Nubia; Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
I. chætocaulos Hallier f.
Twining herb with golden bristly hairs. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, 3½ in. long; petiole 4 in. long. Fl. in dense heads; bracts ovate, ¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
I. Pes-tigridis Linn.
Twining annual with long fulvous hairs. Leaves palmately 7-9 lobed, 1½-2½ in. long, 2-3 in. broad; lobes narrowly oval; petiole 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncles longer than petioles, bearing dense hirsute, few-flowered heads; bracts foliaceous, oblong; cor. funnel-shaped, purple, ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. brown, glabrous; seeds black, shortly pubescent.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraz).
I. hederacea Jacq.
Slender, hairy twiner. Leaves shallowly cordate-ovate, rather shallowly 3-lobed, 2-5 in. long. Peduncle 1-5 flowered; sepals with a long, narrow point, ¾-1 in. long; cor. funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long, usually ashy-blue with a white tube. Caps. small, 3-celled; seeds 6, smooth.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces.
The seeds, powdered with ginger, are used as a purgative.
I. pilosa Sweet. UM SHE’ERA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Twining herb with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-4 in. long, palmately 3-lobed with white tomentum beneath. Fl. laxly cymose on 1-2 in. long, hairy peduncles, 5-merous; sepals linear-acuminate, glandular; cor. purple-carmine, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Capsule globose; ripe seeds hanging by filaments out of capsule.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
The roots are pounded and an infusion drunk to calm abdominal pains.
I. obscura Ker.
Pubescent twiner. Leaves ovate, cordate, 1½-2 in. long. Peduncle ½-1 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. white with a purple base, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long, 1-1½ in. diam. Caps. globose, glabrous, ⅜ in. diam.
Between Kassala & Suakin (J. Erkeneb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
I. near I. obscura Ker.
Leaves gland-dotted, cordate to subhastate or deltoid.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Mongalla Prov. (above Bor).
I. fragilis Choisy.
Slender twiner. Leaves narrowly cordate-ovate, acuminate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-2 axillary, on long peduncles exceeding the leaves; cor. white or buff, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. glabrous.
Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Western Bongo-land & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
I. acanthocarpa Hochst.
Glabrous twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered; cor. white or pale-purple, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Caps. globose, tipped with persistent style base.
Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi).
I. cf. I. acanthocarpa Hochst.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
I. hellebarda Schwfth.
Tuberous-rooted twiner. Leaves very variable, ovate to sagittate or hastate, 2-3 in. long. Peduncle 1½-3 in. long, bearing a few-flowered cyme; cor. bright red-purple, 2 in. long, funnel-shaped, ab. 2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, brown-velvety.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
I. aquatica Forsk. FARU (Meshra El Zeraf), ARKALA (Kordn.)—Arab; AFAT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Hollow-stemmed trailing and twining herb, also floating on the water. Leaves cordate-ovate or hastate, 3-6 in. long, on long petioles. Peduncles 1-2 in. long, 1- few-flowered; cor. bright-purple, 2-3 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb spreading, 2½ in. diam.; capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Between Berber & Khartoum; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai and edges of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Most parts of the Sudan, growing in or near water.
The young shoots are eaten. It is the important factor in binding together Sudd plants.
I. near I. leucantha Webb.
Twiner with linear, hastate leaves. Cor. white with purple-lilac centre.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
I. repens Lam. ABU HALAGIN—Arab; TARASHO—Bari.
Trailing perennial with hollow stem, growing on muddy banks. Leaves cordate, orbicular or reniform, 3-6 in. diam.; petiole 1-4 in. long. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, bearing a few to many flowered cyme; cor. red or purple, funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Capsule globose; seeds size of a pea.
Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (banks of the Nile); Kordofan Prov. (south, swamps); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.
I. Batatas Lam. BOMBAY—Arab; BAMBE (red var.) or AMBIRIA & BAZAMBE (white var.)—Zande. Sweet Potato.
White, red or rarely yellow tuberous-rooted perennial. Leaves very variable, more or less trilobed, 3-4 in. long; petiole long. Cymes dense on long peduncles; cor. reddish, 1½ in. long, funnel-shaped.
Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces and other parts of the Sudan.
Cultivated for its tuber.
I. near I. Batatas Lam.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
I. dissecta Willd.
Slender trailing herb. Leaves digitate with 5 deeply pinnatifid to pinnatisect segments, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. 1-3 on peduncles shorter than the leaves; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, 3-celled.
Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.
I. pulchella Roth.
Slender twiner. Leaves deeply divided into 5 elliptic segments, the 2 lower bilobed, segments ¾-1 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. rose-purple, ½ in. long; tube inflated, limbs spreading. Caps. ⅓ in. diam.; seeds hairy.
Khartoum Prov. (Soba); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).
I. palmata Forsk.
Twining herb. Leaves with 5 lanceolate segments, the 2 lower bilobed, 1-3 in. long; petiole same length, based by 2 stipular, 7-8 partite leaves. Cymes axillary, lax, few to many flowered; cor. red-purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam.; seeds 4, white, hairy.
Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.
I. dasysperma Jacq. ABU ’ELEIBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves as above or doubly tripartite, 2-3 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on short peduncles; sepals slightly spurred at base; cor. buff with purple throat; limb spreading, 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, orange, pilose.
Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile (Hillet Abbas) & Kordofan Provinces.
I. magnifica Hallier f.
Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves ovate-suborbicular, ab. 5 in. long, undulate, grey-pubescent beneath. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. white-rose, 5 in. long and broad, funnel-shaped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
I. verbascoidea Choisy.
Shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with yellow or white, woolly tomentum. Leaves cordate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, with 2 glands near junction of petiole. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, up to 1 in. long; cor. rose-purple, 3-4 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds ¼ in. long, covered with fulvous wool.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur Ghattas).
I. lilacina Blume.
Strong twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-4 in. long, more or less pubescent. Peduncle 2-5 in. long, many-flowered; cor. lilac-pink, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds hairy.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
I. eurysepala Hallier f.
Dwarf hairy herb. Leaves elongate-ovate, up to 2 in. long. Fl. axillary, 1-2 together; sepals nearly ½ in. long, broadly ovate; cor. ½ in. long. Caps. glabrous; seeds 4, pale-yellow.
Kordofan Prov.
I. convolvulifolia Hallier f.
Procumbent herb with fulvous hairs. Leaves cordate, subsagittate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles short, 1-2 flowered; cor. rose-red, 1 or more in. long. Caps. glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill).
I. digitata Linn.
Twiner, with fleshy, tuberous root. Leaves palmately 3-9 lobed, 4-8 in. long, shallowly cordate. Cymes compound, several to many-flowered; cor. bright red-purple, centre darker, campanulate funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Caps. globose; seeds with tawny-white hairs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River, & Bongo-land: Kulongo).
The tuberous roots are used medicinally in India.
I. near I. incomta Hallier f. TUDU (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Stout twiner. Leaves cordate ovate, silvery pubescent or tomentose. Cor. white, funnel-shaped, 2½ in. long; sepals hairy. Seeds silky-hairy.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
619Merremia kentrocaulos Rendle.
Twining perennial. Leaves palmately 5-7 partite, 3-6 in. long. Fl. laxly cymose; cor. yellow, red at base, funnel-shaped, 2-2½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ½-¾ in. long, 2-celled; seeds 4, black.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu & Bongo lands); Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).
M. pterygocaulos Hallier f.
Reddish herbaceous twiner; stem, petioles and peduncles winged. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long, deeply cordate. Cymes few to many-flowered; cor. white, or pale yellow with purple throat. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam., seeds grey to blackish, size of a pea.
Fung Prov. (Wadi El Gamalu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Mongalla Prov. (North of Gondokoro).
M. pedata Hallier f.
Twiner. Leaves pedately 5-lobed, segments filiform. Peduncle 1-flowered; cor. probably white, streaked with purple.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Khor Tamanib).
M. palmata Hallier f.
Climbing or trailing herb. Leaves palmately deeply 5-lobed, lowest pair sometimes unequally forked, 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncle 1-flowered, up to 3 in. long, thickened above; cor. probably pale-yellow, 1 in. long, funnel-shaped.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gweb near Tamanib).
M. pentaphylla Hallier f. ’ERG EL M’OTERASH, TĀTAMBA, SHEHER & TORFRID (Kordn.) & UM GEREISĀT (N. Kordn.), SHAG EL FIL—Arab.
Slender twiner, hirsute with yellowish hairs. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 2-4 in. long; petiole 2-4 in. long. Peduncle as long as leaf, few or many-flowered; cor. white or yellowish, 1 in. long, campanulate funnel-shaped. Caps. ½ in. diam.; enclosed in persistent hairy sepals; seeds brown, glabrous.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
M. gallabatensis Hallier f.
Herb with only one long-stalked leaf, which is ovate-oblong, subcordate, 4 in. long, irregularly lobed. Peduncle longer than leaf; cymes dense, many-flowered; cor. about ⅔ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
M. xanthophylla Hallier f.
Trailing or climbing herb, clothed with yellow-brown hairs. Leaves pinnately 5-9 lobed, 2½ in. by 2 in., shallowly cordate. Peduncle 1-2 in. long; cymes few-flowered; cor. whitish, ½ in. long, funnel-shaped.
Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
M. angustifolia Hallier f.
Twiner. Leaves linear, auricled and hastate at base, 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, 1 in. long; cor. pale yellow, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.
Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, etc.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, etc.).
M. pinnata Hallier f.
Trailing or twining annual, hairy all over. Leaves pinnately divided to the midrib, 1 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts linear; cor. yellow or white, small. Caps. hairy, ¼ in. diam.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
M. emarginata Hallier f.
Trailing herb with a long, woody root. Leaves orbicular or reniform, ½-1 in. broad. Fl. 1-2 axillary, sessile; cor. yellow with dark eye, small. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous.
Kassala Prov. (Gedaref); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda to Barboi); Mongalla Prov. (Nuer-land).
M. convolvulacea Dennst. OWARIDA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Slender twiner. Leaves subcordate or 3-lobed, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1 to many, cymose; peduncle ¼-2 in. long; cor. yellow subcampanulate, ⅓ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. with 5 violet lines. Caps. ovoid-globose, ¼ in. diam.
Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal (Wau) & Mongalla Provinces.
The Arabs at Meshra El Zeraf believe that if the barrel of a gun be held over the smoke of a fire made with the roots of this plant, it will in future shoot straight.
620Calonyction speciosum Choisy. Moon-flower.
Stout climber; stems smooth or with fleshy tubercles. Leaves cordate-ovate, long acuminate, 4-6 in. long; petiole about as long. Peduncle as long as petiole, 1-6 flowered; 3 outer sepals abruptly aristate, ab. ¾ in. long; cor. white, salver-shaped, opening at night; tube cylindric, 3-4 in. long; limb 4-6 in. diam. Caps. large, ovoid, 1 in. long; seeds dark brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
C. muricatum G. Don.
Wide-climbing twiner, stems with fleshy spine-like tubercles. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4-5 in. long. Peduncle short or long, 1-6 flowered; pedicel much swollen in young fruit; cor. pale rose or lilac, opening at night; tube 2-2½ in. long, passing into a funnel-shaped limb, 2 in. diam.; cap. globose up to 1 in. diam; seeds 4, white (?or brown).
Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
621Astrochlæna lachnosperma Hallier f. UM GHALEILA (Kordn.)—Arab.
Erect perennial with stellate hairs (as others in this genus), hairs white. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 1½-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary or umbellate; cor. purple and lilac, ¾ in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.; seeds 4, hairy.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Red Sea Prov. (near Akik).