A. Volkensii Dammer.
Herb, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, 1½-3½ in. long; petiole ½ in. long. Fl. axillary, cymose; cor. lilac with carmine centre; ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds 4, hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj to Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, on ironstone).
A. Engleriana Dammer.
Herb, stellate hairs ferruginous. Leaves ovate, undulate, with dense white tomentum beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled. Cor. probably lilac, 1¼ in. long, funnel-shaped.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Moru-land.
A. malvacea Hallier f.
Erect or decumbent perennial. Leaves ovate, 2-5 in. long, white tomentose beneath. Peduncle 1 in. long, 2-5 flowered; cor. purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds 4, black.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
A. Stuhlmannii Hallier f.
Erect or trailing herb, with matted tawny hairs. Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Fl. in corymbose panicle; cor. lilac with purple tube, 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds black, hairy.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 5,200 ft.).
622Lepistemon africanum Oliv.
Herbaceous climber with bristly pale-brown stinging hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-6 in. long, irregularly sinuate. Cymes many-flowered; cor. white; tube ½ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. Caps. ovoid, hairy, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
623Jacquemontia capitata G. Don.
Short twiner. Leaves ovate, ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense rusty villous heads; cor. bright blue, ab. ½ in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (common); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé & Madi).
624Convolvulus Hystrix Vahl.
Erect undershrub; branches short, hairy, ending in spines. Leaves oblong, ½ in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile; cor. ab. ½ in. long, little longer than calyx.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., & Soturba); Berber Prov.
C. microphyllus Sieber. MURMIT (N. Kordn.) & GHUBEYRA—Arab.
Bushy herb. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, ½ in. long; radical leaves narrowly spathulate, 1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 together from upper nodes of stem; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. pinkish-white, ab. ½ in. long, funnel-shaped, hairy outside. Caps. globose.
North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat; Dongola Prov. (near Wadi Allangi & Wadi El Arab); Berber Prov. (Wadi Selem); Kordofan Prov. (North, Safia).
C. Deserti Hochst. & Steud.
Small, shrubby herb. Leaves lin.-oblong, up to 1¾ in. long, hairy. Fl. 1-2 together, axillary along the stem. Cor. ab. ½ in. long, funnel-shaped.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N.L.).
C. rhyniospermus Hochst.
Small trailing or tufted herb, brown, hairy. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary along the stem, solitary or clustered, enclosed in foliaceous bracts; cor. ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. globose, beaked, ¼ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).
C. glomeratus Choisy.
Stiff, bushy herb or climber. Leaves lanceolate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. in dense globose rusty-hairy heads; bracts foliaceous, ¾ in. long; sepals 5, 2 outer larger, fulvous; cor. pale-rose, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. to Khor Tamanib).
C. arvensis Linn. MUDDEYD—Arab.
Slender twiner. Leaves ovate-hastate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on long peduncles; cor. deep-rose, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.
White Nile.
The plant is said to be eaten by goats and cattle.
C. fatmensis Kunze. ULLEYA—Arab.
Diffuse herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, auricled, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1-2 on axillary peduncles; cor. white with brown stripes, under ½ in. long, hairy outside. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.
Kordofan Prov.
625Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.
Bushy herb. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, hairy. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; cor. bright blue, rarely white, funnel-shaped, ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, forked. Caps. globose, minute.
North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40-80 m. N.E. of Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
Used as febrifuge and tonic.
E. nummularius Linn.
Small trailing herb; stems shortly hairy, rooting at the nodes. Leaves orbicular, ab. ½ in. diam. Fl. few, solitary in axils of leaves; sepals ovate, ciliate; cor. white, deeply lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps globose, ⅙ in. diam; seeds 2-4, black or brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lehsi River); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
E. agrestis Schwfth.
Tufted or climbing annual with reddish hairs. Leaves lanceolate, ¾-1½ in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered, bearing characteristic hairs; bracts linear; sepals ciliate-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.; seeds black.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
626Seddera virgata Hochst. & Steud.
Much branched, virgate undershrub with white appressed hairs. Leaves sessile, distant, linear, ½-1 in. long. Fl. in sparse racemes at end of branchlets; sep. obovate; cor. broadly funnel-shaped, ¼ in. long, with hairy mid-petaline area; styles 2, almost from base. Caps. globose, ⅙ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, J. Waratab, Suakin); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
S. arabica Choisy.
Much-branched virgate undershrub with yellowish pubescence. Leaves subsessile, elliptical, ab. ½ in. long. Fl. usually solitary, axillary; sep. small, elliptic to obovate; cor. ⅓ in. long, limb ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, free from the base.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib).
627Dichondra repens Forst.
Pubescent, trailing perennial, rooting from the nodes. Leaves reniform, ¼-1 in. broad, more or less silky; petioles long. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx minute, pilose; cor. yellow, deeply 5-fid., minute; stigmas capitate. Caps. 2-lobed, 1-seeded.
Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).
628Cressa cretica Linn. EL HĀD (N. Kordn.), NADAWE, ABU HOSABA, MULLEY, SEBAKH & NU’EM—Arab.
Low, shrubby perennial. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ⅙ to ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense bracteate spikes at end of branchlets; calyx hairy, minute; cor. ab. ¼ in. long; styles 2, free. Caps. ovoid, minute, 1-seeded.
Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kordofan (Shersha, on salt pans).
The plant is used as a tonic.
629Cuscuta planiflora Ten. Dodder.
Leafless parasitic twiner with pink stems; germinates in the ground, but later sustains itself entirely on the juices of its host. Fl. in dense globose sessile clusters; fl. pentamerous pale-pink or whitish, globose-urceolate, very minute.
Red Sea Prov. (coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft., Suakin 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, high altitudes).
C. arabica Fres.
Differs by smaller flower-clusters.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. (Kamlin).
C. obtusiflora var. cordofana Engelm.
Stems stouter, bright yellow.
Kordofan Prov.
C. hyalina Roth.
Stems slender, almost translucent. Fl. minute, stalked, cymose.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov.
SCROPHULARIACEÆ.
630Aptosimum pumilum Benth.
Dwarf tufted herb. Leaves usually alt., linear, 1-3 in. long, scabrid-pubescent. Fl. solitary or several axillary; cor. white outside and blue inside, 5-lobed; st. didynamous. Caps. globose, emarginate, compressed at apex.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kon); Darfur Prov. (48-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher).
631Anticharis arabica Endl.
Glandular-pubescent annual, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lin.-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. pink, viscid, ¼ in. long, lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, 1-celled. Caps. narrowly ovoid, beaked, ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin J. Waratab, Soturba); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg).
A. linearis Hochst. NIDEIĀNA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Erect glandular-pubescent annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, up to 2 in. long. Fl. solitary on ½ in. long axillary peduncle with 2 bracts above middle; calyx deeply 5-cleft; cor. white, under ½ in. long; lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, anther-lobes basally acuminate; stigma bifid. Caps. ⅓ in. long, beaked or acuminate.
North Sudan (coast region, between Suakin & Berber); Banks of the Nile north of Khartoum; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Bara); Darfur Prov.
632Verbascum Ternacha Hochst. Mullein.
Tall herb with dense white or yellowish woolly tomentum. Lower leaves oval or oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole 1-2 in. long; upper leaves smaller subamplexicaul. Panicles 18 in. long, branches 6-12 in. long, spreading; fl. clustered along the branches, 5-merous, rotate; cor. yellow, ¾ in. diam.; filaments bearded. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.
Dongola, Red Sea & Darfur Provinces.
633Linaria hastata R. Br.
Herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, linear to lanceolate, hastate, ½-1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, ab. 1 in. long; calyx 5-partite, small; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, with small spur; st. 4, didynamous, woolly; stigma emarginate; caps. ovoid, minute.
Red Sea Prov. (Hakeko, Port Sudan District).
L. Bentii Skan.
Densely glandular pubescent undershrub, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves subopp. below, alt. above, ovate to triangular, cordate, ⅓ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; cor. 2-lobed, spurred, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose-ovoid, minute.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
L. nubica Skan.
Glandular-pubescent, subscandent annual. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, triangular to ovate, broadly cordate, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. 2-lobed and spurred, under ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. ovoid, pubescent, small.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft.).
L. ægyptiaca Dum.
Low, bushy shrublet, covered with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, ¼ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellowish; pedicels ½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,500 ft.).
L. sagittata Hook. f.
Subscandent or procumbent perennial. Leaves linear to lanceolate, sagittate or hastate or cuneate, ¼-2 in. long. Fl. axillary; peduncles ¼-½ in. long; cor. yellow, pilose outside, bilobed, ¾ in. long, spur ½ in. long; filaments densely pilose. Caps. globose, minute.
Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, Wadi Omareg, between Suakin & Erkowit, Dongonab).
634Schweinfurthia pterosperma A. Braun.
Herb, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-spathulate to lin.-oblong, up to 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx small, 5-partite; cor. ¼ in. long, gibbous at base, 2-lipped, white, pink at throat. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. diam.; seeds with 6 subwinged ridges.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & coast region, J. Waratab); Between Suakin & Berber.
635Scrophularia arguta Ait.
Branched, glandular-pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 in. long; petiole ½-1 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; calyx 5-fid, minute; cor. ventricose, 5-lobed, 1 lobe larger, hardly exceeding calyx, deep-red. Caps. ovoid, beaked.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, & 21° N.L.).
636Antirrhinum Orontium Linn.
Glandular hairy herb, up to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., linear to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite; cor. 2-lipped, rose with purple veins, ¼-¾ in. long, tube gibbous. Caps. obliquely ovoid, up to ½ in. long, hispidly hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. and other places); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).
637Sutera glandulosa Roth.
Small diffuse viscid-pubescent herb. Leaves ovate or oblong, incised-dentate, pinnatifid or dissected, ¼-1 in. long, lower opp., upper alt. Fl. in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, white, tube not dilated, lobes small, 2 smaller; st. 4, included; style shortly 2-lobed. Caps. ovoid, minute.
Near Wadi Halfa (between Korosko & Derr); Dongola Prov. (Debba); Near Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs).
638Lindenbergia abyssinica Hochst.
Glandular-pubescent or pilose perennial. Leaves opp. or upper alt., broadly-ovate, cuneate to subcordate, ½ in. long, coarsely crenate-dentate. Fl. in leafy terminal, secund racemes; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, postichous lip 2-lobed, antichous 3-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅓ in., pubescent.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, Wadi Omareg).
639Stemodia serrata Benth.
Small branched viscid glandular-pubescent herb. Leaves opp. or verticillate, rather crowded, oblong or lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, serrate above middle. Fl. crowded in leafy spike-like racemes; bracts 2, near calyx, which is 5-partite, ¼ in. long; cor. bluish, slightly longer than calyx, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower shortly 3-lobed. Caps. ¼ in. long, 4-furrowed.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kurun); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka woodstation).
640Limnophila gratioloides R. Br.
Marsh herb, usually 5 in. high. Leaves verticillate and opposite, submerged leaves in filiform segments, upper gland-dotted, linear to elliptic-oblong. Fl. axillary on ½ in. long glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx 5-partite, glandular, small; cor. white, ab. ⅓ in. long; st. 4, each pair or only lower pair of anthers cohering. Caps. minute.
White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Debeiker to Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & mouth of Bahr El Arab).
641Moniera calycina Hiern.
Gland-dotted glabrous herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp., lanceol. to ovate, 1¼ in. long, crenate-serrate, solitary; calyx 5-partite, ¼ in. long, larger in fruit; cor. white, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower deeply 3-lobed. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ellipsoid, gland-dotted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukutu).
M. floribunda T. Cooke.
Small gland-dotted scabrid herb. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in pairs; calyx 5-partite, ab. ¼ in. long; cor. blue or violet with yellow throat, ⅙ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir in Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza woodstation).
M. punctata Skan.
Small glandular-punctate herb; stem quadrangular. Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, sessile, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; calyx under ¼ in. long; cor. ⅙ in. long, shape as above. Caps. globose, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Aggada & Jur Ghattas).
642Dopatrium luteum Engl.
Aquatic herb, up to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves strap-shaped, ½-1 in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. showy, yellow, ab. 1¼ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-partite; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. subglobose, under ¼ in.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
D. tricolor Engl.
Herb, 1½ ft. high. Radical leaves crowded, linear, 1½-2¼ in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. tube ½ in. long, whitish, upper lip violet, ¼ in. long, emarginate, lower lip violet with yellow central lobe, under ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
643Mimulus gracilis R. Br.
Erect herb, up to 20 in. high; stem narrowly 4-winged. Leaves opp.-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, ¾-2 in. long, amplexicaul, sometimes denticulate. Fl. solitary, axillary on ped., 2 in. long; calyx 5-angled, dentate, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. white or light pink, over ½ in. long, unequally bilabiate. St. 4, didynamous. Caps. obovoid, ¼ in. long.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kurra, 5,200 ft.).
644Craterostigma Schweinfurthii Engl.
Perennial 6 to 18 in. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves opp., 3-nerved, elliptic-lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Fl. terminal, subcapitate; calyx nearly ¼ in. long, 5-angled, 5-toothed; cor. violet, over ½ in. long, 2-lipped, upper suborbicular, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments arching and with gibbous base; anthers cohering in pairs; stigma somewhat funnel-shaped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lessi River).
645Torenia spicata Engl.
Dwarf herb with narrowly 4-winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, unequal above, lanceolate, up to 9 in. long. Lower fl. axillary, upper in spike-like racemes; calyx ⅙ in. deeply 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. pink, blue or white, ⅙ in. long, upper lip 2-fid, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments toothed at base, arched. Caps. ovoid, under ¼ in.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Jur Ewet: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).
T. parviflora Buch.-Ham.
Straggling herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves opp., ovate to or.-lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, serrate-crenate. Fl. solitary or 2-6 fascicled; calyx ⅓ in., 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. white to purple, over ⅓ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ⅓ in. long, oblong.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
646Lindernia lobelioides Engl.
Herb, ½-1 ft. high, much like a small Lobelia in appearance. Leaves opp., linear, 1 in. long, upper unequal. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. deep blue, nearly ½ in. long, upper lip ovate truncate, lower 3-lobed; st. 4, filaments arched, toothed at base, anthers cohering. Caps. linear-oblong, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ewet, Bongo-land: Gir & Lessi River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
L. debilis Skan.
Prostrate small herb. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, up to ½ in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary in upper axils; calyx 5-ribbed, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, upper lip purplish, emarginate, lower 3-lobed, yellow, streaked purple. Capsule oblong, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
647Ilysanthes parviflora Benth.
Small herb. Leaves opp., ovate to oblong, up to ½ in. long, gland-dotted. Fl. axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. violet, blue or white; tube cylindrical ab. ¼ in. long, upper lip bifid, lower spreading, 3-lobed; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. ovoid.
Dongola Prov. (Island near Debba); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Roseires, Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Gir).
I. trichotoma Urban.
Dwarf herb with short, stiff branches. Leaves opp., linear-oblong, ⅓ in. long, sessile, otherwise much as above.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi rocks).
I. Schweinfurthii Engl.
Small herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves linear, under ½ in. long. Fl. in a loose raceme; cor. lilac, otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill & Ibba River).
648Scoparia dulcis Linn.
Herb or undershrub. Leaves opp., ternate or verticillate, lin.- to elliptic-lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long, serrate above middle, punctate. Fl. axillary, solitary or geminate; calyx minute, densely glandular, 4-lobed; cor. white, ⅛ in. long, rotate, 4-lobed, densely bearded at throat; st. 4; caps. ovoid, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur River); Bahr El Jebel (Shambe, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, Mongalla Prov.); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
Used in native medicine throughout Tropical Africa.
649Veronica Anagallis Linn. HABAQ—Arab.
Glandular-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, sessile, 1-3½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes 2-3 in. long in upper axils; calyx 4-partite, minute; cor. blue or pinkish, 4-partite, limb spreading, lobes of 3 sizes; st. 2, exserted. Caps. orbicular, minute.
Dongola Prov. (Nile banks between Old Dongola & Korti); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sheikh Talha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).
650Alectra communis Hemsl.
Very scabrid herb. Leaves ovate-triangular, coarsely dentate, about 1 in. long. Flowers subsessile in the leafy bracts. Calyx lobes pectinate-ciliate.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid-Robo 8,300 ft.).
651Buchnera capitata Benth.
Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear to oblong-lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile, scabrid. Fl. in terminal short dense spikes, ¼-1⅓ in. long; fl. in axils of bracts and bracteoles; calyx 5-toothed, ⅙ in. long; cor. white, ¼ in. long; tube curved, slender, pilose, lobes subequal, 5. Caps. ovoid, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Merdgan’s Zeriba).
B. hispida Ham.
Hispid herb, 6-20 in. high. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 3 in. long (upper oblong-lanceolate to linear) toothed, scabrid. Fl. in 6 in. long spikes, bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long, densely hispid; cor. ab. ½ in. long, tube cylindric, lobes 5, obovate, short; st. 4. Caps. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in. long.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-7,000 ft.).
652Striga orobanchoides Benth. NAR or NUR EL ASSAD—Arab; DAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Much branched herb, 3-18 in. high, parasitic on roots of some Leguminosæ, etc. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate, up to ½ in. long. Spikes terminal; fl. bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼-½ in. long; cor. white, purple or red-brown; tube ½ in. long, bent and inflated, limb 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. St. 4, didynamous, anthers 1-celled. Caps. ovoid-oblong ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).
Parasitic on Cissus quadrangularis, Indigofera sp., etc.
S. aspera Benth. var. Schweinfurthii Skan. TU—Krej.
Herbaceous hispid and scabrid root-parasite, growing on Dura. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear, ½-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, lax-flowered up to 8 in. long; bracts and bracteoles hispid; calyx nearly ½ in. long, 5-toothed, uppermost tooth smallest; cor. pink, tube ½ in. long curved and inflated, upper lip obovate emarginate, 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Deim Zubeir).
Parasitic on Dura.
S. Forbesii Benth.
Erect herb, up to 15 in. high, scabrid. Leaves opp. or sub-opp., lin.-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, toothed, scabrid. Fl. solitary in axils of upper leaves; bracteoles linear, hispid; calyx deeply 5-lobed, scabrid, lobes lin.-lanceolate, up to ⅓ in. long, unequal; cor. pink, scarlet or yellow, tube ¾-1 in. long, sharply curved and inflated, upper lip subtruncate or shortly 2-lobed, up to ¼ in. long, lower 3-lobed up to nearly ½ in. long. Caps. oblong, ¼-⅓ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Shambé to Mongalla Prov.).
S. senegalensis Benth.
Closely resembles S. hermonthica and may be a small-flowered form. Cor. purple or red, tube ab. ½ in. long, upper lip up to ¼ in. long, lower up to ⅓ in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (Gefil); Upper White Nile Prov. (Dinka country).
S. hermonthica Benth. EL WEIN (Merowe), SEGAR (Meshra El Zeraf) & (more commonly) BUDA—Arab.
Branched herb, parasitic on Dura and Dukhn, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, hispid and scabrid. Spikes terminal, 6 in. long; calyx 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. pink; tube ¾ in. long, curved and inflated, upper lip 2-lobed, ⅓ in. long, lower 3-lobed, ½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). Parasitic on Sorghum, Andropogon, Zea, etc.).
A decoction in salt and water is applied externally for sun headache.
S. glandulifera Engl.
Branched herb, 6-8 in. high, pilose and scabrid. Leaves opp. and subopp., narrowly linear, up to 1¼ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long; fl. paired; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long; cor. deep rose, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, glandular-pubescent, upper lip under ¼ in. long, slightly emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, short. Caps. oblong, 1/7 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
S. strictissima Skan.
Densely hispid herb. Leaves lin.- or lanc.-subulate, under ½ in. long, closely appressed in distant pairs. Spikes terminal, up to 4 in. long; fl. paired in leaf-like bracts; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. dull-pink, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, hairy, upper lip ⅛ in. long, truncate and toothed, lower 3-lobed, 1/12 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
S. lutea Lour.
Branched parasitic herb, 6-9 in. high, scabrid. Leaves alt. or opp., narrowly linear or lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-6 in. long, distant-flowered; bracts ¼ in. long, linear; calyx ¼ in. long, 10-ribbed and 5-toothed; cor. yellow, red or white, tube ab. ½ in. long, suddenly bent above, upper lip obovate, lower 3-lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps. oblong ovoid, ⅙ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
653Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Benth.
Erect branched herb, usually ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves pinn.- or bi-pinnatisect, up to 3 in. long, segments linear; fl. axillary solitary; calyx campanulate, 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. white, tube slender, 1-2 in. long; limb spreading, ½-¾ in. diam., 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. ovoid, compressed, almost 2-winged, ⅓-½ in. long.
Nile River (Island near Debba in Dongola Prov.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river from Meshra El Rek to Lake No); Niamniam-land (Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps).
R. Heuglini Hochst.
Small branched herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to lanceolate, ½-2 in. long, hispid or scabrid. Fl. axillary in upper leaves, solitary; calyx tubular campanulate, ¼-½ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white to mauve, tube ab. 1 in. long, glandular, limb 1-2 in. diam, spreading, 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. obliquely ovoid ab. ⅓ in. long, beaked.
Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
654Cycnium camporum Engl.
Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high, pilose. Leaves lanc. to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate-serrate. Fl. usually opp., supra-axillary; calyx tubular, ½-⅔ in. long, campanulate in fruit, 10-ribbed, hispid; cor. white or pale yellow, tube 1¾ in. long, glandular, gibbous, limb 1¼ in. broad, spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. oblong ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the Wau River & Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
C. adonense E. Meyer.
Robust scabrid herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate to serrate. Fl. axillary; calyx tubular, 1¼ in. long, densely hairy, 10-12 ribbed; cor. white or lilac, tube 2-3 in. long, gibbous, glandular, limb 2-3 in. diam., spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid or elliptic, ½ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
C. brachycalyx Schweinf.
Shrubby herb, pubescent all over, 1 ft. high; stems angular. Leaves lanceolate, 2½ in. long, serrate dentate. Fl. solitary, opp., supra-axillary; calyx campanulate, 1 in. long, 3 lobes broader than others; cor. tube 1¼ in. long, limb ab. ½ in. diam., lobes 5, orbicular, spreading.
Kassala Prov. (by Gendua River).
655Sopubia ramosa Hochst.
Scabrid undershr., 2-4 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, linear or lin.-lanceolate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. terminal racemose in whorls of 3-4; cor. coppery-purple or white with purple spot at base of each lobe, ab. ½ in. long, tube short, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate; anthers 4, coherent in pairs. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: at Nganye & Bongo-land: at Sabbi); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,500-7,500 ft.).
S. simplex Hochst.
Pubescent herb, branching from base, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt. or ternate, ⅙-1 in. long, appressed, scabrid. Fl. alt. or whorled in terminal racemes, up to 1 ft. long; cor. pink, or reddish-brown, under ½ in. long, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Sueh River, Mittu-land: near Kuffulu-Ku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
S. parviflora Engl.
Annual, 1-2 ft. high; stem 4-angled. Leaves opp., filiform, ⅓-¾ in. long, revolute, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes; cor. pale-brown, purple at throat, ⅓ in. long, lobes 5, spreading, obovate. Caps. subglobose, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
656Micrargeria scopiformis Engl.
Rigid herb, 1-2½ ft. high, branching like a broom. Leaves opp., filiform, ¼-2 in. long, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes, 1-6 in. long; cor. pale purple, streaked dark purple at base of tube which is exserted and enlarged above, ab. ⅓ in. long, limb spreading, 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular ab. ⅙ in. wide.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi).
OROBANCHACEÆ.
657Cistanche lutea Hoffmgg. & Link. ERG EL TUNDUB (Khartoum), NAR EL FIL (Atbara), ERG EL MOYA, also ERG EL SHAGAT (Fung), HALUK, TURFAS & SIBB EL ARD—Arab.
Fleshy root-parasite with spirally arranged scale-like leaves and yellow flowers; st. 4 didynamous; anthers bearded.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces.
Parasitic on Capparis decidua, Acacia arabica, Zizyphus, etc.
658Orobanche cernua Loef. var. Desertorum Beck.
Stout parasitic herb, up to 16 in. high, covered with glandular and cobweb-like pubescence and scaly leaves. Spikes cylindric, many-flowered, 8 in. long; cor. bluish-white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 2- and lower 3-lobed.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
O. ramosa Linn. HALUK—Arab.
Slender branched herb, 1 ft. high, glandular-hairy; scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. in spikes; cor. pale-yellow with a blueish limb, ab. ½ in. long, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed.
Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum).
Parasitic on Tomatoes.
LENTIBULARIACEÆ (Bladder-worts).
659Utricularia exilis Oliver.
Delicate dwarf herb; stems creeping filiform; leaves narrowly spathulate or ligulate, ¼ in. long, deciduous before flowering, with small bladders attached to stem and leaves, scape 1-2 in. high, 2-3 flowered; cor. white, yellow or purple, 2-lipped, ab. ⅙ in. long; st. 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
U. Schweinfurthii Baker.
Delicate twining annual. Leaves unknown. Scapes filiform, twining, up to 6 in. long; fl. up to 6, distant; cor. pale-purple, 2-lipped, spurred; st. 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
U. subulata Linn.
Herb, 3-4 in. high, giving out bladder-bearing runners verticillately from base of scape. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, rosulate at base of scape, ¼ in. long. Scape 1-6 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-tipped, spurred; st. 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas) (Sub-terrestrial).
U. Thonningii Schumach.
Floating aquatic herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Stem slender bearing verticils of bladder-bearing pectinate-filiform leaves and scapes bearing near their base a verticil of up to 6 spindle-shaped floats and above 3 to many flowers. Sepals 2, enlarged in fruit; cor. pinkish, 2-lipped and spurred; st. 2.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, near Abba Island, & Lake Tura Um Kenen); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
U. stellaris Linn. f.
Much like above, but flowers yellow.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kenen); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Jur-land: Wau).
U. reflexa Oliver.
Floating aquatic herb. Leaves as above but bladders larger (up to ⅙ in. long), up to 8 to a leaf. Scapes without floats, 1-6 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, spurred.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River).
U. exoleta R. Br.
Small aquatic plant; stems filiform. Leaves with few slender segments or replaced by small bladders. Scapes floatless, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped and spurred. Caps. globose exceeding calyx.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, on Main River).
U. incerta Kam.
Floating aquatic herb; stems long, filiform. Leaves bipinnate, pinnæ ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River).
BIGNONIACEÆ.
660Spathodea nilotica Seem. The African “Tulip-tree.”
Tree, ab. 20 ft. high. Leaves opp. or ternate, 5-16 in. long; leaflets 9-15, ovate-oblong, 1½-4 in. long, pubescent below. Fl. in dense terminal corymbose racemes; calyx boat-shaped, 2 in. long; cor. orange-scarlet, 3-4½ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. 8 in. long, lanceolate-oblong; seeds winged, 1 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Manisilli Brook); Mongalla Prov.
A very handsome tree. The wood is white and very soft; density 0.363.
661Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. KHASHKHASH & KHASHKHASH ABIAD (Fung), SAMR (Kordn.), & SUWEID (Medani)—Arab; TETERLING (J. Daier), KARII (J. Eliri), & N’DULA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LUJURUT—Bari; WULIADO (Bahr El Ghazal), & KONGGOGOI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; CHOKO—Golo; FUNNA—Burun; BARISANGO—Zande.
Tree up to 50 ft. high, with light-coloured flaking bark. Leaves opp. imparipinnate 6-14 in. long; leaflets 5-9 ovate or elliptic-oblong, 1½-5 in. long. Fl. in terminal large cymose panicles; cor. pink with carmine lines, 1½ in. long, tube funnel-shaped; st. 4. Caps. cylindric, 1-2 ft. long; seeds 2-winged.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River & Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Old Wau, Chakchak, & Niamniam-land); Darfur Prov. (Kordofan borders 13° N. Lat.; J. Marra; Kallo Kitting, 4,000 ft.); Mongalla Prov.
Timber whitish, very hard.
662Kigelia æthiopica Decne. ABUSHUTŪR, ABU SIDRA, UMSHUTUR & MASHTURA—Arab; TIMLA (Dilling)—Nuba; KUBULI—Bari; RĀWAR (Kenissa) & RUWĀL (Jonglei)—Dinka; GAFA—Golo; NAK & LUEL—Nuer; RANGBARANGBO—Zande. The “Sausage-tree.”
Large tree. Leaves ternate, pinnate; leaflets 7-11, oblong-elliptic or obovate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long. Fl. in long pendulous, lax panicles. Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped 1 in. long; cor. purple-maroon, 3 in. long; st. 4 and 1 staminode. Fr. subcylindric up to 2 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, pendulous on long peduncles; seeds wingless, thick.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (many parts); Mongalla Prov.
Wood, heavy, hard, yellowish with red spots, hard to work. Branch-wood used for bows. The ashes of the fruit are considered an efficient substitute for boracic powder for cleansing wounds of animals.
K. æthiopica Decne. var. abyssinica Spr.
Corolla smaller; the cylindric basal portion of tube 1 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
PEDALIACEÆ.
663Rogeria adenophylla Gay. SIMSIM AFRĪT (Kordn.), & SAKARAN—Arab; SUKOSUKO (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.
Stout and tall woody herb. Leaves opp., broadly obovate, more or less 3-lobed 2-4 in. long, mealy glandular, dentate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of leaves, ped. short with a gland at base of each; cor. maroon, ab. 2 in. long, tube funnel-shaped, gibbous at base, limb ¾ in. diam., 5-lobed. Caps. obliquely ovoid with 4 to 8 spines at base.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, J. Waratab); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (J. Auli); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa, Sennar); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, banks of the White Nile, El Dueim to Tonga, Upper White Nile Prov., Rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.
The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases of diarrhœa.
664Sesamum angustifolium Engl.
Tall herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate 1-3 in. long, pubescent above, glaucous below. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pink, obliquely campanulate, 1-1½ in. long, obscurely 2-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long, oblong, beaked.
Banks of the White Nile; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
S. radiatum Schumach.
Mealy-glandular herb. Lower leaves ovate, toothed, 2½ in. long, upper lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. purple and white, 1½ in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lowest lobe ⅓ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, shortly beaked, pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).
S. indicum Linn. SIMSIM—Arab; NIUM—Nuer; SĀRAH—Zande. Sesame.
Mealy glandular and pubescent herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves variable, the lowest 3-partite, 3-6 in. long, pet. 4-6 in., gradually passing above to lanceolate, 2-4 in. long with shorter pet.; cor. white, tinged with pink, 1 in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, with short deltoid beak.
Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Korkos Island between Berber & Khartoum); White Nile Prov. (sub-wild on rocky hills); Fung Prov. (cultivated); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
Cultivated for its seed which yields the valuable Sesame seed of commerce. Also wild or sub-wild on rocky hills near the White Nile.
S. alatum Thonn. SIMSIM—Arab.
Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves varying from 5-fol. below to simple, lin.-lanceolate above, all long-petioled. Cor. pink to carmine, spotted in throat, 1 in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lobes subequal. Caps. 2 in. long; beak slender, up to ½ in. Seeds 2-winged, wing orbicular.
Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Um Gash, & between Aguri & Taiara); Darfur Prov. (20 m. N. of Fasher).
665Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl. WEIKAT EL BADEIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Glaucous, bushy herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid to hastate, densely mealy-glandular. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pale-lilac, throat yellow with purple lines, ab. 1 in. long, obscurely 2-lipped, lower lobes ¾ in. long. Caps. ½-¾ in. long, hairy, furnished with 2 apical horns.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Taiara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
It is eaten as a vegetable.
ACANTHACEÆ.
666Thunbergia affinis S. Moore.
Woody herb, 6-7 ft. high. Leaves opp. as in all this family, ovate, acuminate, 4½ in. long; pet. ¾ in. with 2 thorns at base. Fl. solitary, enclosed by 2 ovate bracteoles, giving a false appearance of a calyx, 1¼ in. long; calyx lobes 5 dotted with white scales; cor. tube yellow, 1¾ in. long; lobes violet, ½ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, beaked.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Naporruporru River).
T. annua Hochst.
Hairy marsh herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary on short peduncle; bracteoles 2, ovate, keeled; cor. white (?), tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, ⅛ in. long; st. 4, anthers with 2 spurs at base. Caps. beaked.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).
T. annua Hochst. var. Ruspolii Burkill.
More hairy. Leaves subtruncate at base; bracteoles hirsute.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
T. hispida Solm.
Hispidly white herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; bracteoles 2, ovate-acuminate; cor. white, lobes 5; st. 4, anthers 2-spurred below. Caps. 1 in. long, glandular.
Fung Prov. (Roseires); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: between Abwong and Nasser).
T. alata Boj.
Climbing, pilose herb. Leaves ovate sagittate or hastate, 2½ in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long, winged. Fl. solitary on 2 in. long peduncles; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long; cor. tube claret-coloured 1/5 in. long; lobes 5, yellow to white, ab. ½ in. long; anthers 4, 2 upper ones 1-spurred, 2 lower 2-spurred. Caps. ¾ in. long, seeds 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
T. Schweinfurthii S. Moore.
Strigose herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2½ in. long, hastate. Fl. solitary, peduncles ab. 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, white with green veins. Cor. 1¼ in. long, lobes small; st. 4, 2 anthers 1-spurred.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: near Zeriba Kutshuk Ali).
667Elytraria crenata Vahl.
Dwarf pubescent herb. Leaves alt., crowded near the base, 2-7 in. long, spathulate or oblanceolate, crenate or sinuate. Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, covered with small bracts; spikes simple or compound; bracteoles 2; calyx 4-partite; cor. white or pale blue, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).
668Nelsonia campestris R. Br.
Small villous, diffuse herb. Leaves opp., elliptic, variable in size. Spikes 1-3 in. long imbricated; bracts ovate; bracteoles 0; cor. usually pale lilac or white, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; st. 2. Caps. oblong, ¼ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Roseires and Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Mvolo and Ngama, Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.
669Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders. MASHIKA & SHUEIKA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; TĪL (or ATIL) (Meshra El Zeraf & Kenissa)—Dinka.
Bushy spiny herb, growing in marshy ground. Leaves oblanceolate, hispid, 3-4 in. long, opp. or whorled with 6 spines 1 in. long at their base. Fl. in dense axillary clusters with many linear or lanceolate bracts; cor. mauve, 2-lipped, upper one forming a hood, tube ½ in. long, lip ⅓ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4-8, placed on small brackets (retinacula) and covered with fine hairs (hygroscopic) which uncurl when wetted.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein southwards, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (several places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab and Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).
The whole plant or its ashes and the roots are used as a cooling medicine and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism, etc. The seeds are demulcent and diuretic.
H. cærulea T. Anders.
Bushy pilose herb. Leaves narrowly obovate, ½-¾ in. long, sessile. Fl. in short terminal spikes; bracts linear; calyx segments 5, filiform, ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper hooded; st. 4 unequal. Caps. ¼ in. long, many seeded; seeds as above.
White Nile Prov. (J. Musa, El Ehs); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Glet and Um Kheren).
670Dyschoriste Perrottetii O. Kuntze.
Undershr. 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3½ in. long. Fl. 3-8, clustered; bracteoles 2, lin.-oblong; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-partite; cor. ½ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. ab. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: River Tidju, Mittu-land).
671Ruellia patula Jacq.
Small shrub. Leaves in subequal pairs, ovate or elliptic, ½-2½ in. long, grey-pubescent. Cymes small, axillary, enclosed in ¾ in. long spathulate-oblong bracteoles; cor. mauve or white, 1⅓ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal, spreading. Caps. ½ in. long, club-shaped; seeds ab. 12, hygroscopic.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Nubian coast); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).
R. prætermissa Lindau.
Much as above. Leaves somewhat larger and more pointed, nearly glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, & Bongo-land: Gir & Niamniam-land).
R. genduana C. B. Clarke.
Small shrub. Leaves up to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, glabrous. Caps. hairy otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).
672Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton Lindau.
Shrub. Leaves ovate, toothed, long petioled. Fl. in scorpioid, axillary, lax cymes or terminal panicles; calyx 5-part., ½ in. long; cor. tube 1 in. long, inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. under ½ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
673Phaylopsis falcisepala C. B. Clarke.
Branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., often unequal and oblique, ovate, acuminate, up to 3 in. long. Fl. sessile in threes, in axils of large dense imbricated bracts in a close one-sided inflor.; sepals 5 of which 2 are falcate; cor. white or purplish, tube ¼ in., lobes 5, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
P. Barteri T. Anders.
Shrubby herb 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate both ends, up to 4½ in. long. Fl. in dense imbricate (strobilate) spikes 2½ in. long; calyx segments 5, from elliptic to linear; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, inflated above. Caps. and seeds as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dimo in Jur-land).
674Satanocrater fellatensis Schwfth.
Undershrub. Leaves elliptic or broad-lanceolate, 3 in. long. Fl. solitary, opp. in the leaf-axils; calyx tubular, inflated, 5-angled and 5-toothed, 1 in. long; cor. blue, tube inflated, ab. 2 in. long, lobes 5, subequal, ½ in. long; st. 4. Caps. oblong; seeds 4 discoid and hygroscopic.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Fellata village).
675Hemigraphis abyssinica C. B. Clarke.
Pubescent wiry herb. Leaves elliptic, ⅔ in. long, subsessile. Fl. in axillary clusters and quasi-terminal spikes; sepals 5, hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, tubular and 5-lobed; st. 4. Caps. cylindric; seeds 6-12, hygroscopic on stout retinacula.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).
H. Schweinfurthii C. B. Clarke.
Pubescent herb, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, tapering to both ends. Fl. much as above.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: mouth of Khor Filus); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, & Mittu-land: Rivers Roa & Wokko).
676Blepharis bœrhaaviæfolia Pers.
Procumbent shrubby herb. Leaves 4-nate in distant whorls, elliptic, 1½ in. long, sessile. Fl. in axil of terminal bract in a bracteate spike; bract ⅓ in. long, spathulate with 7-15 spines at margin; cor. blue, ½ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Roah River).
B. linariifolia Pers. BEGHEIL or UM BEGEIL—Arab.
Low growing woody herb. Leaves linear, up to 3 in. long. Bracteate spikes in the axils of the branches, 1-3 in. long; bracts up to 1 in. long, ovate abruptly pointed and recurved, with 6 brown spines; bracteoles linear; cor. deep blue, 1 in. long, 1-lipped; st. 4; anthers hairy, filaments of 2 antichous stamens bearing a horn-like appendage. Capsule ovoid; seeds 2, hygroscopic.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx and of camels.
B. edulis Pers.
Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 pair smaller, oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in strobilate spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between North Atbara, Khors in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.
A good camel fodder.
677Acanthus arboreus Forsk.
Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed or sub-pinnatifid, up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 in. long, by 2 in. broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as (2) bracteoles; calyx spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds glabrous.
Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli).
A. montanus T. Anders.
Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but flowers and capsule larger and leaves caudate.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
678Barleria candida Nees.
Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. Seeds shaggy, hygroscopic as all in this genus.
Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills).
B. Prionitis Linn.
Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually ab. 3-4 in. long with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. axillary, solitary or 2 together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, 1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, beaked, 2-seeded.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).
It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the leaves is used in catarrhal affections of children. It is also used to harden the feet and thus prevent the soles from cracking.
B. diacantha Nees.
Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and about 1 in. long.