No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).
B. trispinosa Vahl. OT-HAUK—Hadendowa.
Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to 1 in. long. Fl. in terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, 2-lipped, otherwise as above.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).
B. grandicalyx Lindau.
Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. long; interpet. spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. spinous; cor. pale blue, tube ¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); Upper White Nile Prov.
B. acanthoides Vahl.
Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., seeds 4.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin).
B. spinulosa Klotzsch.
Tomentose and glandular-hairy herb. Leaves elliptic, up to 3 in. long. Fl. in axillary compact bracteate racemes 1-8 flowered; bracts and sepals ab. ½ in. long, spine-toothed; cor. pale-blue, ¾ in. long, lobes. Caps. ½ in. long, seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).
B. parviflora R. Br.
Unarmed shrubby herb with appressed white hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, up to 1¼ in. long, sessile. Cymes lax, 1-3 flowered; bracts ⅓ in. long, broad lanceolate; 2 outer calyx segments ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, pubescent, beaked; seeds 2, hygroscopic.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
B. eranthemoides R. Br.
Spiny and bushy plant, not unlike B. Prionitis, but cor. tube 1 in. long, linear to top; lobes 5, yellow, sub-equal, ⅓-½ in. long, not 2-lipped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
B. Hochstetteri Nees.
Unarmed undershrub, with minute rough hairs. Leaves elliptic, ab. 1¾ in. long; pet. short. Cymes few-flowered, lax; 2 outer calyx segments, nearly ½ in. long, ovate; cor. tube ½ in. long, lobes ⅓-½ in. Caps. nearly ½ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur).
B. calophylla Lindau.
Unarmed herb, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, rounded or cordate. Infl. in 1-3 flowered axillary racemes, crowded at top into an oblong head; bracts ⅔ in. long; calyx segments varying from 1 to 1½ in. long; cor. white or pinkish, tube 1½ in. long, lobes 1¼ in. long. Caps. ¾ in; seeds 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bongo-land: Addai).
B. ventricosa Nees.
Scrambling, spiny herb or undershr., 3-6 ft. high. Leaves strigose with tawny hairs, up to 2 in. long, yellowish-green. Fl. in axillary cymes forming a less dense head than above; bracts ½ in. long; sepals 5, postichous one quadrate-oblong, ½ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, blue or purple, funnel-shaped; lobes 5. Caps. ½ in. long, ellipsoid; seeds 2.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha near Dilling).
B. Grantii Oliv.
Scrambling herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, hairy, dark green. Cymes 1-2 flowered, axillary and running into terminal spikes; bracts ¾ in. long, linear; postichous sepal ¾ in. long, ovate; cor. deep purple; tube ⅔ in., long, inflated, lobes ⅔ in. long. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
679Neuracanthus niveus S. Moore.
Undershrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, up to 4 in. long, white stellate-tomentose beneath. Fl. in axillary sessile ovoid heads, white-hairy; bracts ½ in. long; calyx 2-partite, antichous segment 2-fid, postichous 3-fid; cor. ⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped, lobes 5, triangular. Caps. ovoid, beaked, small. Seeds 2-4 hygroscopic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
680Crossandra nilotica Oliv.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, up to 4 in. long. Fl. in imbricate, bracteate spikes, 1-2½ in. long; bracts ab. ½ in. long, obovate-elliptic; calyx 5-partite, postichous segment with 2 hairy teeth; cor. brick-red, tube ¾ in. long, lobes 5, ½ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, elliptic; seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Itang); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
var. acuminata Lindau.
Tip of bracts more acute than above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: near Biselli).
C. subacaulis C. B. Clarke.
Almost acaulescent herb. Leaves basal, crowded, obovate, up to 6 in. long, sessile. Fl. on peduncles up to 5 in. long, bearing loose spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-9 nerved, otherwise fl. as in above.
Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Moru-land.
681Asystasia coromandeliana Nees.
Herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 3 in. long, suddenly narrowed at base. Racemes 2-6 in. long, often forming a terminal panicle; cor. lilac to yellow or white; tube ¾ in. long, inflated; limb 5-fid; st. 4, each 1-2 spurred. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, not hygroscopic.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur (Kulme).
682Eranthemum decurrens Nees.
Herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 4-9 in. long, decurrent into petiole. Fl. 1-3 together on bracteate 4-6 in. long spikes pubescent and with stalked glands; bracts minute; sepals small, equal; cor. yellow with red centre, tube 1 in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, hairless.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Dimo).
E. hypocrateriforme Roem. & Schultes. ERG EL NIMR—Arab; MERZIS—Hameg.
Shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 3½ in. long, white-dotted. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense; cor. scarlet, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5 spreading, ½ in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1¼ in. long; seeds 4, hairless.
Fung Prov.
The root ground to a paste is given in merissa for stomach-ache.
683Lepidagathis scariosa Nees.
Herb, woody below. Leaves elliptic to ovate, 2 in. long, grey hairy beneath. Fl. in terminal ovoid heads, with soft prickles and gland-tipped hairs; cor. 2-lipped, 1 in. long; st. 4; caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (30 miles E. of Zalingei).
L. Schweinfurthii Lindau.
Low herb, woody below. Leaves linear, 4 in. long, crowded at base except on 1 or more elongated leaf-bearing shoots, ab. 6 in. long. Fl. mostly in dense hairy radical heads; cor. white with purple spots, ⅔ in. long; st. 4; seeds hygroscopic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
L. radicalis Nees.
Differs from above by more hairy, shorter and slightly broader leaves.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish near J. Eliri); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Goluberi Volcano, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
L. myrtifolia S. Moore.
Woody plant, apparently rooting on trees or rocks, ab. 2-3 ft. high; branches flexuous. Leaves elliptic, 1 in. long, subsessile. Fl. in radical and axillary dense ovoid white-hairy heads; bracts ⅓ in. long; sepals 5; cor. 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir).
L. perglabra C. B. Clarke.
Glabrous except for margins of floral leaves. Leaves linear, 3-nerved, 3¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary heads.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).
L. peniculifera S. Moore.
Stout woody plant. Leaves linear, 1¼ in. long, tips acute, with long white hairs. Spikes compound, 2 in. long, one-sided, 1 to 2 together; bracts dense, leathery, ovate mucronate; sep. 5, ⅓ in. long, hairy and leathery; cor. ⅔ in. long; st. 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Reggo).
L. Medusæ S. Moore.
Stout villous plant. Leaves 4 in. by ½ in., 5-nerved. Spikes unilateral, compound, 1-2 together in upper axils, 1½ in. long; bracts ovate with long deflexed white hairy tails; sepals 5, also with ⅓ in. long tails; cor. ⅔ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).
L. laguroidea T. Anders.
Woody plant; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves ovate to narrow-elliptic, 2 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikes terminal, 2 in. long, not imbricate; bracts lin.-lanceolate; cor. ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).
684Justicia Betonica Linn.
Shrubby, nearly glabrous herb. Leaves ovate, acuminate to both ends, 3 in. long. Spikes imbricate, 4½ in. long; bracts somewhat 4-ranked, ovate, ⅓ in. long, white with green nerves; bracteoles similar, smaller; cor. white, rose-spotted, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, long-tailed. Caps. ½ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, rugose.
Kordofan Prov.
J. betonicoides C. B. Clarke.
As above, but leaves subsessile, oblong or lanceolate, hairy beneath and on nerves above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu- & Bongo-lands).
J. flava Vahl. MAHBAB (White Nile Prov.)—Arab.
Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long, both surfaces hairy; pet. ⅔ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-8 in. long, sometimes interrupted at base; bracts ab. ½ in. long, lanceolate, containing 1-3 fl., green, hairy; bracteoles similar but smaller; sep. 5, small, hairy; cor. yellow; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, tailed. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, shortly hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin & Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, Sobat: mouth of Khor Filus).
J. palustris T. Anders.
Leaves oblong tapering to both ends, 6½ in. long; pet. short, otherwise much as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
J. insularis T. Anders.
Scrambling hispid herb. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 3½ in. long; pet. ¼-1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 in axil of each bract; bracts round or obovate, ⅓ in. long; cor. white with purple mark on lower lip which is 3-lobed and the longer; st. 2 as above. Caps. ⅓ in., seeds 4, rugose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
J. calcarata Hochst.
Herb with woody rootstock; branches with spreading hairs. Leaves 3 × 1 in. tapering to both ends. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; bracts ovate or elliptic, ⅓ in. long; cor. purple, otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gurfala).
J. galeopsis T. Anders.
Much as J. insularis but leaves oblong, subsessile, calyx more hispid; cor. purple-red or yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.).
J. sexangularis Lindau.
Herb, 18 in. high with 6-angled stem, scabrid hairy. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in., subsessile. Fl. 1-3 in axils of oblong bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ab. ¼ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, tubercled.
Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).
J. Whytei S. Moore.
Hairy herb with stout woody rootstock. Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. hairy; seeds 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
J. heterocarpa T. Anders.
Pubescent annual, 8-20 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½ in. long; pet. ½-¾ in. Fl. in axillary clusters of 2 to many; sepals minute, white-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. of 2 kinds in same head, one 4-seeded, normal, and one 1-seeded and spinous-winged.
Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit & 21° N. Lat.).
J. odora Vahl.
Undershr., 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long. Fl. solitary to 3 in axils of bracts; cor. ½ in. long, yellow. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 4 tubercular-scabrous.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
J. anselliana T. Anders. ABU NUWARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ALUME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Weak herb, 12 to 20 in. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1¾ in. long or ovate, ⅔ in. long. Fl. 2-8 in axillary scorpioid cymes; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, wrinkled and more or less winged.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards, Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Sabbi River); Bahr El Jebel.
J. matammensis Oliv.
Much like above; more pubescent and no leaves linear; cor. white.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
J. uncinulata Oliv. var. tenuicapsa C. B. Clarke.
Rootstock woody; branches 4-6 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate ½-⅔ in. long. Spikes axillary, unilateral with few distant solitary flowers; cor. ab. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in., slender, hispid near top; seeds 4, rugose.
Upper White Nile.
685Monechma hispidum Hochst. SHAIIR (Goz El Siada)—Arab; TILL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; MELL—Burun.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3 × ¾ in., hispid-scabrous or glabrate. Spikes hispid with long white hairs, 4 in. long in fruit; bracts 1 in. long, oblong, bracteoles ¾ in.; sepals 5, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, spotted purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther-cell below the other, long-tailed, tail 2-fid. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 2 with tufts of hair at either end.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
M. bracteatum Hochst. FAKHAH (Sennar, Dinder)—Arab.
Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Spikes strobilate (imbricate) 2 in. long, axillary or terminal; bracts round, ciliate, enclosing calyx which is 1/5 in. long, hairy; cor. ½ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ¼ in. long, white-hairy; seeds 2, yellow-brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).
M. varians C. B. Clarke.
Herb with woody rootstock, up to 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long, subsessile. Spikes terminal, 1¼ in. long, dense; bracts oblong-elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles ⅓ in. long; sepals 5, glandular-hairy, one smaller; cor. ½ in. long; anthers short-tailed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between River Biri & Deim Zubeir).
686Ecbolium linneanum Kurz.
Shrub. Leaves narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, up to 3 in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long: bracts strobilate ¾ in. long, ovate, apiculate, often pubescent; bracteoles ¼ in. long, linear; sepals 5, linear; cor. tube ab. 1 in. long, limb 2-lipped, ½ in.; st. 2, anthers nearly equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 2, rough edged.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Suakin, & 21° N. Lat.).
E. Anisacanthus C. B. Clarke.
Small woody, densely white-hairy shrub. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, 1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 1¾ in. long, 8-12 flowered; bracts hardly imbricate, elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles minute; calyx small, 2-lipped; cor. tube ⅓ in.; limb 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. Anthers of equal height. Caps ⅓ in. long; seeds 2, yellow, smooth, shining.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Erkowit); Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omari).
687Dicliptera maculata Nees.
Herb, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3½ in. long; pet. 1 in. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 in. long; pedicels many, ¾ in. long; outer bract under ½ in., elliptic, pubescent; bracteoles 2; sep. 5, ⅙ in. long; cor. purple to white, deeply 2-lipped, ¾ in. long; st. 2, one anther cell above the other. Caps. small, ovoid; seeds 2 or 4.
Æthiopia.
D. micranthes Nees. RAKAB—Arab.
Tall herb; stems 6-angled; angles whitened. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikelets in dense globose heads, ½-¾ in. diam., terminal and axillary; 2 bracts of the spikelet ab. ⅓ in. long, obovate-lanceolate, suddenly narrowed into a spinescent mucro, with long white hair; bracteoles shorter, linear; sepals 5, small; cor. ab. ½ in. long, mauve. Caps. ⅙ in. long, somewhat hairy; seeds up to 4, tubercled.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar, Meshra El Zeraf).
D. nilotica C. B. Clarke.
Herb, 4-8 in. high, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Flower heads dense, small, terminal, or the axillary heads peduncled; bracts lin.-oblong, hairy; sepals 5, small; cor. rose-purple to white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, lips unusually broad; 1 anther cell above the other.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
688Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees. HERSHA (White Nile) & NA’ANA’A (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Tall, glabrous or hispid herb, branches 4-7 angular. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Panicles often 12-18 in. long, very lax, much divided, spikelets with 1 perfect fl.; bracts 2, enclosing the calyx and ⅓ in. long; bracteoles 2, calyx small; cor. pale-purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther cell above the other. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, smooth or papillose.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Hilla Nu, Bara, etc.); Mongalla Prov.
The Plant, macerated in water, is said to be a useful remedy for snake-bite.
P. luteoviridis C. B. Clarke.
Stout yellow-green herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly 4 in. long, narrowed both ends. Fl. clustered in dense spikes 3 in. long; spikelets 1-flowered; bracts and bractlets ½ in. long; calyx ⅓ in. long; cor. rose, purple spotted, 1 in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, anther cells nearly at equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 4, smooth, discoid.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Bekir & Niamniam-land).
689Hypoestes cancellata Nees. MAHALAB (Baggara)—Arab; EMBEILU (Kadugli)—Nuba.
More or less hairy herb; stems 2 ft. high, bent at the joints. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Heads mainly terminal, 1½ in. long, in dense congested panicles, yellow, hispid; spikeless 1-flowered; bracts ½ in. long, including a linear tail; cor. red ¾ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, tubercled.
Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).
H. strobilifera S. Moore.
Pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 5½ in. long. Heads terminal, 1 in. long, densely strobilate; outer floral leaves spathulate-obovate, with 1-3 spikelets under each; bracts 1/5 in.; sep. small; cor. pale-lilac, ⅔ in. long, deeply 2-lipped; st. 2; anthers 1-celled, blunt. Caps. ⅓ in.; seeds 4, tubercled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).
H. Forskalei R. Br.
Nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Infl. axillary, forming a terminal panicle; spikelets in unilateral cymes, 1½ in. long; 2 outer bracts connate; cor. mauve with purple spots in throat, ½ in. long, deeply 2-lipped, upper lip and central lobe of lower curled back; st. 2, abruptly club-shaped, filaments with purple hairs. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, smooth.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Hefe); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra & over 6,500 ft.).
H. verticillaris R. Br. ABU FAS (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Stem with long and gland-tipped hairs mixed. Leaves ovate, sharply narrowed to both ends, ab. 3 in. long. Bracts fringed with white hairs, otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.
The roots are used at Meshra El Zeraf for dyeing mats.
VERBENACEÆ.
690Lantana viburnoides Vahl.
Erect hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate. Spikes dense, axillary, up to 1½ in. long; bracts ovate, up to ¼ in. long; calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, small; cor. white, 5-lobed, ⅙ in. long. Drupe fleshy, purple, size of a pea.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
L. salvifolia Jacq.
Hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Spikes globose to oblong, 1 in. long; bracts ovate, ¼ in. long; cor. lilac or pink, ⅓ in. long; limb patent ⅙ in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Drupe purple, edible.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Has Has & Khor Tamanib); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
L. petitiana Rich.
Hispid undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, ½ in. long, crenate. Heads globose, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts ovate, ⅙ in. long; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb small, 5-lobed; st. and drupe as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
691Lippia nodiflora Rich. LIBBIA—Arab.
Trailing herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves opp. or fascicled, obovate, dentate in upper half. Spikes globose to oblong, ¼ in. diam.; bracts small; cor. small, purplish.
Red Sea Prov. (coast); Khartoum & Blue Nile Provinces.
Suited for an edging plant in gardens and used for lawns.
L. Radula Baker.
Woolly herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, crenate. Heads oblong, ½ in. long, several together in a terminal panicle; bracts imbricate, orbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; cor. length of bract, 4-lobed; st. 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi River).
L. adoensis Hochst.
Erect, shortly pubescent undershrub, 5-7 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 or more-whorled, oblong, up to 5 in. long. Heads globose forming a terminal panicle; bracts ovate; cor. 4-lobed, minute, white; st. 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Upper).
L. citriodora H.B. & K. LUWEIS—Arab.
Introduced (Makwar); Blue Nile Prov.
692Bouchea pterygocarpa Schauer.
White pubescent undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1½ in. long. Spikes 6-9 in. long, terminal; fl. in axil of a bract, appressed to rachis; cor. scarlet, tube ½ in. long; limb patent, lobes 5, st. 4, didynamous. Caps. winged at apex.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. (near Jebel Saggadi); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kuhn, Melbes).
B. marrubiifolia Schauer. DANABĀN or ERG EL BUGR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
White pubescent, branched herb, much like above. Cor. white; capsule not winged.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Okurr, Wadi Abu Kotod); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad, Wadi Taiara, Um Marba & Um Dam).
693Stachytarpheta angustifolia Vahl. ABONGANDUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ADELFUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; DELPA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.
Bushy herb with 4-angled stems. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate. Spikes very slender, 6-9 in. long; rachis hollowed to receive appressed flowers; bracts ⅓ in. long; calyx as long, 5-toothed and ribbed; cor. lilac, ⅔ in. long; limb patent, 5-lobed; st. 2. Fr. cylindrical, ¼ in. long.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Sobat Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
The roots are used by Arabs as collyrium.
694Priva leptostachya Juss.
Bushy hairy herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-3 in. long, crenate; spikes 6-12 in. long; fl. lax on a square rachis; bracts small; calyx ¼ in. long enlarging in fruit; cor. ½ in. long, white, limb ¼ in. diam., 2-lipped, white; st. 4, didynamous. Fr. enclosed in enlarged calyx; nutlets 2.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi El Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Jebel Waratab).
695Verbena supina Linn. MORREYA (Ehrenb.)—Arab.
Densely pubescent annual. Leaves opp., bipinnatifid, deltoid. Spikes dense; bracts and calyx minute; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb patent, 5-lobed, 1/12 in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Caps. minute.
Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Sodari); Darfur Prov.
V. officinalis Linn.
Glabrous perennial. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, deeply pinnatifid. Spikes lax in a terminal panicle. Fl. as above; cor. limb ⅙ in. diam.
Fung Prov.
The leaves are considered a febrifuge and tonic and are said to be used as a rubefacient in rheumatism and diseases of the joints. The root is believed to be a remedy for scrofula and snake-bite.
696Duranta Plumieri Jacq.
Unarmed or spinous shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, sometimes crenate. Racemes long, terminal; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long; lobes 5, spreading, ⅓ in. diam. St. 4, didynamous. Drupe yellow, size of a pea, enclosed in enlarged calyx.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River District).
An excellent hedge plant.
697Premna resinosa Schauer. SAAT—Arab; TŪR (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Shrub with scented leaves. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or oblong, ½-1½ in. long, entire or crenate. Panicles small, terminal, corymbose; fl. minute, whitish or greenish. Drupe black, size of a pea.
Nubia (Wadi Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, Jebel Waratab & 21° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes, Abu Haraza, Abu Snun, Wadi Taiara & between Obeid Ogari & El Mareikib & Melbes); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
Fruit eaten.
698Vitex tangensis Gürke.
Shrub or small tree, clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves opp., digitately 3-fol.; leaflets 2-3 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, axillary; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; cor. tube twice length of calyx, limb patent, white (?); st. 4, exserted. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Chakchak).
V. madiensis Oliv.
Tree. Leaves opp., simple or 3-5 fol., glabrous above, hairy beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, crenate in upper half, 5-6 in. cymes; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. ¼ in. long, limb long; pet. 3-4 in. long. Fl. in axillary, corymbose, hairy patent. Fr. edible, size of a small plum.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshook Ali’s Zariba, Dinka-land, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Fruit edible.
V. Schweinfurthii Baker.
Tree; extremities drab pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, axillary; bracts large, linear. Fl. much as above.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Gir & Dinka-land: Lau).
V. Cienkowskii Kotschy & Peyr. ABDUGULGUL, UMDIGULGUL or GULGUL (Baggara), ZEITUN (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.), or KURAIN—Arab; KLURUF (J. Daier), TIDOGI & MADIMU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KONINK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; ORO—Golo; YALAH—Jur.
Large tree. Leaves 5-fol., glabrous; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long, distinctly petioled; main pet. 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long peduncled; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. yellowish-brown, ab. ½ in. long, limb obliquely patent. Fr. size of a cherry, edible.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, between Wau & Chak Chak, & Tonj; Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Wood white, light. Fruit eaten and when roasted is said to be a substitute for tea.
699Clerodendron acerbianum Boiss.
Riverside shrub; bark grey and rough; extremities, leaves and infl. grey-woolly. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense terminal and axillary clusters; bracts linear, ¾ in. long; calyx ¾ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5, ovate, ⅙ in. long; st. 4, exserted. Fr. somewhat like a black-berry, not edible.
Berber Prov. (Mograd Island); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein to Sobat); Sobat River (near Nasser).
C. Schweinfurthii Gürke.
Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, often serrate. Fl. in axillary long-peduncled heads; calyx tube campanulate; cor. tube 1½ in. long, lobes 5; st. 4, much exserted as well as style. Drupe black, ⅓ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
C. Formicarum Gürke.
Shrub. Leaves 2-4-nate, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in subumbellate terminal panicles; cor. white, tube ¼ in. long, lobes 5, minute; st. 4, ¼ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
C. harnierianum Schweinf.
Shrub; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves 2-3-nate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a cymose terminal panicle; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. purple, ab. 1 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov.
C. cordifolium A. Rich.
Undershr. or shrub, erect or scandent. Leaves opp., ovate-cordate, 3-4 in. long, pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming an ample terminal panicle; calyx 5-toothed, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 5, ⅓ in. long; st. 4, 1 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra 6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & East of Limo’s village); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. capitatum Schumach. & Thonn.
Small shrub; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves opp., broadly ovate-dentate, pubescent beneath, 6-12 in. long. Fl. in dense sessile terminal heads, 6-9 in. diam.; bracts red, lanceolate, foliaceous; calyx ¾ in. long, pubescent, segments ciliate; cor. white, tube slender, 3-4 in. long; lobes ½ in. Drupe black in red accrescent calyx.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).
C. myricoides R. Br. HAMALMA—Rashida (Red Sea Prov.).
Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, oblong, 2-6 in. long, toothed. Cymes lax; calyx small, 5-lobed; cor. tubes short; lobes, upper ½ in. long, white, lower ¾ in. long, pale blue; st. 4, arcuate, ¾-1 in. long. Drupe black.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); Bahr El Jebel.
C. Neumayeri Vatke.
Shrub, 15-16 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, entire or crenate at the middle, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; flowers in axillary cymes; corolla very short, the limb 1 in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
C. alatum Gürke.
Herb with 4-angled and narrowly winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, up to 1 ft. long, oblanceolate, toothed in upper third. Panicle thyrsoid, many-flowered, terminal, 1 ft. long; cor. tube short, upper lobes whitish-lilac, lower violet with 2 white blotches.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).
C. triflorum Vis.
Shrub with bluntly 4-angled branches. Leaves long-petioled, broadly-ovate, toothed at the middle. Cymes axillary, drooping, 3-flowered; calyx 5-angled, lobes lanceolate; cor. tube 3 times length of calyx, lobes elliptic.
Nubia.
C. near C. neriifolium Wall.
Shrub, ab. 5 ft. high, branches 4-angled, sulcate. Leaves ternate below, alt. above, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, larger ones sometimes obsoletely and coarsely serrate. Fl. axillary in simple and compound cymes, forming terminal panicles; calyx ½ in. long, accrescent and broadly campanulate in fruit, 5-toothed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, slender, lobes 5, 2 upper ½ in. long, lower ⅓ in.; st. 4, 1 in long, didynamous, exserted; style 1½ in. long, bifid; ovary 4-celled, ovules 4. Drupe black.
Mongalla Prov. (Sudd Region & Bor); Bahr El Jebel (on termite hills).
C. ugandense Prain.
Shrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves opposite, elliptic to narrowly obovate, coarsely toothed, up to 4½ in. long and 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes lax, few-flowered. Flowers whitish and blue.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
700Avicennia marina Stapf. SHORA—Arab.
Shrub or small tree, white tomentose. Leaves opp., oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose beneath. Spikes globose, terminal and axillary; bracts minute, broadly ovate; calyx 5-partite; cor. tube short, funnel-shaped, lobes 4-5, bright-yellow; st. 4. Fr. ovoid, 1 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., Littoral).
Fruit bitter but edible. The bark is used for tanning.
LABIATÆ.
701Ocimum basilicum Linn. RIHAN—Arab; ORHAN—Hadendowa; KWARNYĀL (Dilling)—Nuba. Basil.
Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, length of a whorl; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-lobed, uppermost lobe orbicular decurrent, lower deltoid, mucronate, 2 lowest longest of all; cor. white, tinged purple, ½ in. long, tube ¼ in., limb 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, 2 upper toothed at base of filaments, anthers 1-celled; bifid style rising from central base of 4 lobes of the ovary as in all this family as also fr. of 4 nutlets.
Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
It yields a strong fibre. The plant is aromatic and on distillation yields a volatile oil which, when kept, solidifies into a crystalline camphor. The seeds infused in water make a cooling drink; they are said to be demulcent, stimulant, diuretic & diaphoretic.
O. canum Sims.
Densely pubescent annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes as in all this genus, 3-6 in. long; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral lobes minute, otherwise as above; cor. white, ⅙ in. long; st. as above, much exserted.
Cultivated. Also in Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur; Jur Ghattas).
The leaves made into paste are used to cure parasitical diseases of the skin.
O. suave Willd.
Pubescent perennial. Leaves ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate, densely hairy beneath. Racemes dense, panicled, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, deciduous; calyx ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ¼ in. long, white, tinged purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Kero & Ngama).
O. menthæfolium Hochst. HADANIT—Hadendowa.
Perennial very like O. canum. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj & Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40 miles West of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
O. citriodorum Vis.
Undershrub; stems pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate. Racemes lax, simple; bracts shortly petioled, ciliate; calyx hairy, upper lobe orbicular, lateral ovate, lower lanceolate, subulate; cor. blue-violet, longer than calyx, small; filaments of upper st. with tuft of hairs at base.
Nubia; Khartoum Prov.
O. Johnstonii Baker.
Tall, bushy, fragrant herb. Leaves ovate, deeply crenate, ab. 1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long; upper filaments of st. with basal tufts of hairs.
Khartoum, cultivated.
O. dichotomum Hochst.
Erect branched annual. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Racemes long, lax; bracts small; calyx tube campanulate in fruit, ⅙ in. long; cor. a little longer than calyx; st. filaments unappendaged at base.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
702Platystoma africanum P. Beauv.
Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes fairly dense, 3-6 in. long, whorls 10-flowered; pedicels deflexed in fruit; calyx lobes 2, toothed; cor. pale lilac, minute, bilabiate, upper lip 4-toothed, lower entire; st. 4, declinate, filaments dilated at base.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir & Jur).
703Acrocephalus Schweinfurthii Briquet.
Tall herb with grey appressed hairs. Leaves linear, 1-2 in. long, narrowed at each end. Fl. in globose, corymbose heads, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, tipped blue-purple; calyx minute; cor. small, 2-lipped, upper lip 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, exserted, filaments unappendaged.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Aweit & Agada).
A. lilacinus Oliv.
Hairy perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves whorled, lin.-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long, denticulate. Heads in dense, terminal corymbs; basal bracts ovate, yellowish, upper orbicular, cuneate, cuspidate, greenish, ⅛ in. long; cor. pale-lilac, nearly ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi River).
A. Heudelotii Briquet.
Pubescent perennial, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves whorled, linear, 1½-2 in. long. Heads globose corymbose; basal bracts linear, foliaceous, upper obovate-cuneate, pale, hairy, ⅛ in. long; cor. twice as long as calyx, pale violet.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada near Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit).
704Moschosma polystachyum Benth.
Much-branched annual; stem 4-angled, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes 2-4 in. long, with 6-10 flowered whorls; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper tooth orbicular, not decurrent, lateral ovate, lower cuspidate; cor. pale lilac, 2-lipped, lobes short.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil, Blue Nile, Jongol’s Post, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Abba Island); Kordofan Prov. (moist places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & 5° 10′ N.L.).
705Orthosiphon bartsioides Baker.
Slender perennial. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, crenate, pubescent, sessile. Raceme long, lax; whorls 2-flowered; calyx deflexed in fruit, upper tooth orbicular decurrent, 4 others cuspidate, ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ½ in. long; st. 4, not exserted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Roa River, Niamniam-land: River Mabode).
O. pallidus Royle.
Branched perennial. Leaves short-petioled, small, ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes terminal, whorls few-flowered; calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe orbicular and decurrent, lateral and lower large-awned; cor. ½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).
O. Schimperi Benth.
Branched perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, hairy, 1-3 in. long, long petioled. Racemes whorled; calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe suborbicular, decurrent, lateral small-awned, lower longer awned; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lobes small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
706Becium (Ocimum) Knyanum (Vatke) N.E. Br.
Erect pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Racemes long, lax, with a tuft of linear bracts; whorls 4-6 flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper lobe orbicular, decurrent, others large-awned; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, exserted, upper filaments with basal tufts of hairs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Gir & Jur Ghattas).
B. obovatum N.E. Br.
Erect herb, 1 ft. high from woody rhizome. Leaves sessile, elliptic-obovate, 1½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, densely gland-dotted, subentire. Spikes broadly triangular, 1½ in. long. Bracts purplish. Calyx pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River, between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).
B. (Ocimum) Schweinfurthii (Briquet) N.E. Br.
Tall pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to 6 in. long, cuneate at base, crenate, scabrous above. Raceme short, dense, terminal; bracts large obovate, cuspidate; calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, slightly decurrent, others bristle-like; cor. ½ in. long; st. 4, upper filaments toothed at base.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango River).
707Hoslundia opposita Vahl. SASA DIM—Rashida.
Much branched shrub. Leaves opp., oblong or obl.-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate. Panicles terminal, lax; bracts minute; calyx small, broadly 5-toothed, enlarged globose and red in fruit; cor. lilac, ⅙ in. long, 2-lipped, st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Nuer District); Bahr El Jebel.
708Plectranthus stachyoides Oliv.
Perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or oblong, up to 3 in. long, pubescent, crenate. Infl. a dense terminal racemose panicle, 6-8 in. long; whorls many-flowered; bracts ovate, pubescent, ¼ in. long: calyx 5-toothed, upper lobe ovate, reflexed, others deltoid, awned, ¼ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, lilac. St. 4, didynamous, free.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
P. ovatifolius Oliv.
Erect perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a lax terminal racemose panicle; whorls few-flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper tooth ovate, mucronate, reflexed, decurrent, lateral teeth small, awned, lower large, awned; cor. ½ in. long, lilac.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
P. bongensis Baker.
Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves oblong, 2-3 in. long, crenate. Infl. lax, in a cymose panicle, 6-9 in. long; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper ovate, reflexed, lateral oblong, lower awned; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir in Bongo-land).
P. cylindraceus Hochst.
Tall sappy herb, pubescent all over. Leaves oblong, crenate. Fl. in dense cylindrical racemes, 3-5 in. long, 1-3 to a stem; calyx minute, teeth subequal; cor. ⅛ in. long, white.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
709Coleus barbatus Benth. KĀHAB, & KALIAH—Hadendowa.
Woody perennial, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long, crenate, hairy. Panicle racemose, ½-1 ft. long; whorls many-flowered; fruit-calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth suborbicular, 4 others acute; cor. bright blue, ½ in. long, tube deflexed in middle, limb 2-lipped, lower as long as tube; filaments of 4 st. united at the base in a tube as in all this genus.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Suakin).
C. cf. C. igniarius Schwfth.
Small woody shrub. Fl. appear before the leaves; cor. purple, scented.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat).
C. latifolius Hochst.
Herb with tuberous root, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 in. long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes dense, 4-6 in. long; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, lateral shorter, orbicular, 2 lower acute, connate to near tip; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. Penzigii Dammann.
White-hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate; petiole winged. Racemes panicled, whorls 8-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral teeth smaller; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, lower lip lilac, ¼ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
C. Briquetii Baker.
Tall herb. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, serrate. Racemes long, dense; whorls many-flowered; calyx minute in fl., enlarged in fruit, upper tooth ovate, decurrent, 2 lateral orbicular, 2 lowest acuminate, connate half-way up; cor. ⅓ longer.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
710Englerastrum Schweinfurthii Briquet.
Erect hairy annual. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long, crenate. Racemes axillary, whorls 1-2 flowered; calyx ½ in. long, glandular-pubescent, teeth 5, ovate, subequal; cor. tube 1½ in., lower lip ab. 1 in., concave, upper small with 3 rounded lobes. St. 4, filaments united in lower half, exserted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).
711Æolanthus ambustus Oliv.
Slender herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, ascending, linear, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes slender, erect; bracts ⅙ in., partly hiding the flowers; calyx minute, 2-lobed; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 4, free.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Æ. virgatus Gürke.
Much branched annual, 1½ ft. high. Leaves as above, up to 2 in. long. Bracts ¼ in. long, otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).
Æ. heliotropioides Oliv.
Herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, oblong or lin.-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spikes panicled, upper ones one-sided, 1-2 in. long; bracts very small; calyx minute, truncate, pubescent; cor. lilac, ¼ in. long, lower lip orbicular, concave ab. same size as upper. St. exserted.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
712Pycnostachys Schweinfurthii Briquet.
Erect branched perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, up to 4 in. long, sessile or subsessile, serrate. Spikes dense, 1½-2 in. long; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. pale blue, tube deflexed, upper lip 4-toothed, lower concave, ¼ in. long; st. 4, free.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu).
P. Petherickii Baker.
Perennial, stems 4-angled. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, upper half crenate, gland-dotted beneath. Spike dense, up to 4 in. long. Calyx tube short, teeth ¼ in. long, subulate; cor. blue, pubescent on outside.
White Nile.
P. niamniamensis Gürke.
Erect pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, serrate with scattered red glands. Spikes oblong; bracts linear, ⅓ in. long; calyx ½ in. long, tube short, teeth subulate.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).
713Hyptis brevipes Poir.
Pubescent herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong-rhomboid, crenate, upper ones lanceolate. Fl. axillary, peduncled, in dense globose heads, ½ in. diam.; outer bracts lanceolate, as long as flowers; calyx ⅛ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. ⅛ in. long, lower lip deflexed, concave; st. 4, free.
Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
H. spicigera Lam. KINDI—Bongo.
Tall pubescent annual, often found in stubble. Leaves petioled, oblong, crenate. Panicles dense racemose oblong, end racemes 2-4 in. long, whorls many-flowered; fr. calyx 1/5 in. long, teeth short; cor. whitish, ¼ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir cultivated).
The seeds are brayed to a pulp by the Zandes and used as an adjunct to stews and gravies. They are also roasted and eaten or an edible oil extracted from them. This oil, although not suitable for soap and candle making, might be useful for fatty varnishes in painting.
H. pectinata Poir.
Herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, crenate, pubescent. Panicles racemose; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, villous inside, teeth small, setaceous; cor. size of calyx.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
714Lavandula pubescens Decne.
Hairy, scented perennial; stems 4-angled. Leaves broad, bipinnatifid, segments linear. Panicles spicate, whorls 2-flowered; bracts ovate, ⅛ in. long; calyx 13-nerved, as long as bracts, teeth small; cor. blue, small; st. 4, free.
Darfur Prov.
L. coronopifolia Poir. SADDĀM—Hadendowa.
Fragrant perennial, up to 18 in. high. Leaves sessile, narrowly linear with revolute edges, simple or pinnatipartite. Panicles spicate, 2-3 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate; calyx ⅙ in. long, pubescent, 13-nerved, teeth short; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin, Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob 3,500 ft. & J. Marra 8,200 ft.).
715Mentha sylvestris Linn.
Strongly scented, densely pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate. Fl. in terminal whorled, racemose panicles 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, teeth lanceolate; cor. ⅙ in. long, lobes 4, uppermost broad and emarginate.
Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).
716Micromeria biflora Benth. HADEMBUI—Hadendowa.
Bushy pubescent perennial with a weak smell of thyme, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ab. ⅓ in. long, rigid. Cymes 2-6 flowered, subsessile, axillary; calyx ab. ⅙ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth 5, small; cor. shortly exserted, dilated at throat, 2-lipped; st. 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-9,500 ft.).
M. abyssinica Benth.
Bushy pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high, scented like thyme. Leaves ovate, crenate, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes whorled, whorls many-flowered, the lowest subtended by large leaves; calyx ¼ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth small; cor. tube ¼ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
717Salvia nudicaulis Vahl. var. nubica Baker.
Perennial with rosette-like radical leaves; stem-leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, crenulate, densely pubescent beneath. Panicles laxly racemed, whorls of ab. 6 flowers; calyx hairy, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, lower bifid; cor. ½ in. long, upper lip arched, lower deflexed; st. 2, with 1 perfect anther cell; rudimentary st. 2.
Nubia.
S. ægyptiaca Linn. RA’AL—Arab.
Small heather-like undershr. Stems with setose reflexed hairs. Leaves deeply crisped-undulate, strongly reticulate. Calyx lobes very acute. Corolla ⅓ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Has Has & 21° N.L.).
718Nepeta biloba Hochst. NABBALAM—Hadendowa.
Herb, 2-3 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, crenate, the upper sessile. Racemes long, lower whorls distant, subtended by large leaves; bracts many, linear, ¼ in. long; calyx ¼ in., teeth 5, ribs 15; cor. under ½ in., violet-blue, lower lip 3-lobed, central one largest; st. 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).
N. ballotæfolia Hochst.
Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, 1-1½ in. long, crenate, sessile. Racemes as above; bracts linear, large; calyx ¼ in.; cor. tube longer than calyx, lower lip ⅛ in. long, 3-lobed, central lobe largest.