Shrub or small tree, up to 30 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves membranous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, dentate-serrate, 3-10 in. long. Flowers up to ¾ in. diam., in loose axillary racemes, 1-3 in. long. Sepals 3; petals 6-10. Fruit globose, with spreading spines, about ½ in. in diam.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando).
L. Schweinfurthii Gilg.
Shrub. Leaves oblanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 6-7 cm. long. Flowers few and very small in axillary cymes. Fruits small and echinate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku River).
151Flacourtia sp.
Shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate, sub-mucronate to obtuse.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
SAMYDACEÆ.
152Casearia Engleri Gilg.
A tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. wide, glabrous. Flowers small in axillary fascicles. Fruits like coffee berries, yellowish white, about ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Sine loc. Schwfth. III. 241).
153Homalium Abdessamadi Asch. & Schwfth.
Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves 3 in. long by 2 in. broad, crenate-dentate, broadly elliptic, alder-like. Flowers paniculate, branches of panicle catkin-like. Fruits pilose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Ibba River, near Nganye).
FRANKENIACEÆ.
154Frankenia pulverulenta Linn. EIRARIB—Hadendowa.
Small diffuse herb. Leaves opposite, often fascicled, obovate, oval or rotundate. Flowers rose to purple, sessile, solitary in the forks or fascicled in leafy heads or cymes. Calyx tubular 4-6 toothed; petals 4-6; stamens 6; ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob, Erkowit).
TAMARICACEÆ.
155Tamarix mannifera Ehrb.
Coastal tree or shrub. Leaves scale-like, encircling the stem, subacute. Flowers in dense spikes. Seeds long-pilose.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.).
T. nilotica Ehrb. TARFA—Arab.
Riverside shrub with scale-like leaves and slender erect branches. Flowers white or pinkish-white, crowded in spicate panicles at the ends of branches.
Northern Sudan, Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov., etc.
T. articulata Vahl. FAREQ (Nubia), ABL (Egypt), TARFA (Sudan)—Arab; ERU—Hameg.
Tree with feathery foliage; branchlets articulate. Leaves minute, sheathing. Flowers loosely scattered on long slender spikes.
Red Sea Prov. (Baraka, Dongonab); Kassala Prov. (Gash); Fung Prov.
Wood white, moderately hard, when burnt green gives an offensive smell. Galls, called BIGM by Arabs, are used for dyeing and tanning.
PASSIFLORACEÆ.
156Adenia venenata Forsk. KUDUR—Arab; LORING—Bari; KUDUL—Jur.
Soft woody climber; the lower part of the stem is often inflated and tuberous in appearance, up to over 1 ft. in diameter. Leaves alternate, palmately 5-lobed. Flowers cream coloured; unisexual; calyx tubular, 5-lobed; petals 5.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek), also Jur-land & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).
A. sp. Schweinfurthii Engl.
Climber; leaves ovate, 4 in. long, rounded and with 2 very large glands at the base. Flowers in short lateral cymes. Calyx tubular, ⅓ in. long; lobes lanceolate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land; by the Boddoh River).
A. sp.
Climber; leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 6 in. long and 1¼ in. broad, minutely dotted below. Flowers ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Schwfth. III 109 & III 111).
A. sp.
Soft, slender stemmed climber. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, nearly 2 in. long, very thin, lobes lanceolate, subacute, minutely pubescent below. Flowers not seen. Fruits stipitate, narrowly ellipsoid, about 1.5 cm. long, with the persistent hairy calyx at the base.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
CUCURBITACEÆ.
157Peponia Cienkowskii Hook. f.
Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple or divided. Leaves ovate, cordate, 5-7 lobed, 3 in. broad. Flowers monœcious; calyx tube ⅓ in. long; petals large, white or yellowish; filaments 3, free, anthers cohering, one 1-celled and two 2-celled, conduplicate; stigma 3-partite. Fruit ovoid or cylindric, fleshy.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
158Trochomeria djurensis Schwfth.
A slender climbing herb. Leaves more or less pentagonal and 5-lobulate, acute, widely cordate, scabrid; tendrils short. Male flowers with tubular calyx 1 cm. long, and minute lobes. Corolla-lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long; female flowers very small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
159Adenopus breviflorus Benth.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately 5-lobed, apiculate. Flowers yellow, 1½ to 2 in. across; male flower: stamens 3, monadelphous. Fruit ovoid, mottled green when young, scarlet when ripe, size of a large egg.
Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Melut); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Yabo River).
160Lagenaria vulgaris Seringe.
Musk-scented climbing herbs; tendrils forked. Leaves orbicular-cordate, more or less 3-7 lobed, toothed, 1-6 in. broad. Male flower solitary 2-5 in. diameter, white; filaments 3, free; anthers flexuous, cohering. Female flower smaller. Fruit woody.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Between Berber & Khartoum.
161Luffa cylindrica Linn. LUFA—Arab.
Semi-woody climber; tendrils forked. Leaves palmately 5-7 lobed, denticulate. Flowers yellow, about 2 in. across. Anthers in male flower much twisted and divided; filaments dilated at the base. Fruit mottled green when young, brown when ripe, with a dehiscing cap.
Khartoum Prov. (Cultivated); White Nile Prov. (12° N. Lat.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (wild).
Fruit called LIF in Arabic, when wild about 6 in. long; when cultivated up to 18 in. long. The fibrous, spongy substance which fills the fruit is used as a substitute for a sponge or brush, also for inside soles of shoes and the manufacture of sun helmets. The pulp is edible; an oil is obtained from the seeds, which are also emetic and cathartic.
L. echinata Roxb. WASSI, ARSH & UMSHWEIKA (White Nile)—Arab.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils forked. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 2-4 in. broad, scabrid, shallow-toothed. Flowers yellow, 1 in. diameter. Male flower anthers 3 flexuous; female flower 1-3 together. Fruit 1 in. long echinate.
Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Bahr El Zeraf), Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gateb).
The fruit is said to have purgative properties and to be a remedy for dropsy. A mixture of the spongy tissue of the fruit and of milk (known by the Sudanese as “Wassi purgative”) is taken by barren women to stimulate pregnancy.
162Eureiandra Schweinfurthii Cogn.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply trilobed, about 3 in. broad, scabrid. Stamens 5, much twisted. Fruit narrowly, 2 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
163Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
Climbing herb. Leaves digitate, 5-fol.; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, obliquely cordate, 2-4 in. long. Male flowers crowded at end of a peduncle with a hooded green bract ¾ in. long; corolla yellow, 1 in. diameter; anthers 3, cells nearly straight. Female flower solitary, ebracteate. Fruit 2-3 in. long, ovoid, pointed, with 8-10 short wings, red when ripe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
M. Balsamina Pinn. (EL) SHA’ALUK & (EL) YEIR (Blue Nile), (EL) ERRA (N. Kordn.) & BEYLÄSĀN (Egypt), TAMR EL ABID—Arab.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed. Flowers monœcious; male flower solitary on bracteate peduncle, yellow or white, centre black, anthers flexuous. Fruit fleshy, beaked, red when ripe, 1-3 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & Karora); Blue Nile, Fung, Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.
The fruit is eaten, especially by the Fellata. In Syria it is used for curing wounds. The leaves are cooked and eaten; they are said also to be good camel fodder.
M. Charantia Linn.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately 7-9-fid, cordate. Flowers yellow, monœcious, on long, slender peduncles, with a reniform bract near the base. Fruit about 1½ in. long, ovoid-fusiform, with longitudinal tubercled lines, with a decurved beak, orange when ripe; seeds enclosed in scarlet pulp.
Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
M. Schimperiana Naudin.
Herbaceous climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, dentate. Fruit size of an egg, covered with soft bristles, scarlet when ripe.
Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
M. Morkorra A. Rich.
Glabrous or pubescent climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-5 in. long; tendrils simple. Flowers monœcious; corolla rotate, yellow, 2 in. broad. Fruit ovoid, red when ripe, densely hairy, 1-2 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).
M. multiflora Hook. f.
Slender climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, faintly sinuate-toothed, 2-6 in. long; tendrils simple or forked. Male flowers many on solitary or paired peduncles, hairy; corolla ¾ in. diameter; yellow; anthers 3, cells curved. Fr. ovoid, red, crowned with dried flower.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
M. Cymbalaria Fenzl.
Climber with woody, tuberous root. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 1-2 in. broad, fleshy, 5-7 lobed; tendrils simple. Male flower racemose, hairy; corolla 5-lobed, ½ in. diameter, yellow; filaments 2, one 2- and one 3-cleft; cells twisted. Fr. spindle-shaped, 8-ribbed, greenish.
Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov.
The tubers are used to procure abortion.
164Cucumis Melo Linn. AGUR or AJUR (N. Kordn., Wild form), FAGUS (Sweet Senat), AJUR (Bitter Senat), also SENAT, SENAT-TIBISH, & SENAT AJUR (Kordn.), AJUR EL KELB (Meshra El Zeraf) & SHAMMAM—Arab The Sweet Melon.
Prostrate or climbing, prickly herb. Leaves cordate, reniform or ovate, 3-5 lobed, irregularly toothed, scabrid, ½ to 1 in. long. Male flower fascicled 1 to many, small, yellow; anthers 3, cells twisted, connective produced, oblong, serrate. Fruit ovoid-globose, greenish-yellow.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Abu Selem); Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum, Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. Cultivated and also wild.
C. Figarei Del.
Trailing and climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves scabrid, 5-7 deeply lobed, toothed, 1-2 in. diameter. Flowers hairy, yellow, small. Fruit broad ovoid, covered with blunt tubercles.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati, Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, Shambe); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
C. Prophetarum Linn. HABASHKOL (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Annual climber with stiff, rough hairs. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1¼ in. broad. Male flower yellow, hairy; anthers 3, appendaged. Fruit broad ovoid; green, with pale longitudinal bands, covered with soft spines, 1½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.
The fruit is bitter and is used as an emetic.
C. dipsaceus Ehrenb. AJUR EL GHAZAL (Meshra El Zeraf) & AJUR—Arab; APET (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; ABDALOUR—Jur; ABERTGH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.
Slender herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves rounded or oblong-reniform, entire or shallowly 3-5 lobed; scabrid, 2-4 in. broad; petioles bristly. Male flower hairy; anthers appendaged. Fr. broadly ovoid, ½ in. long, densely bristly.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Old Dongola to Merowe); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder mouth); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Meginas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
C. sativus Linn. KHIAR—Arab. The Cucumber.
Climbing herb, stem hispid. Leaves 3-5 lobed. Fruit fusiform-oblong, green, tubercled.
Cultivated everywhere.
C. metuliferus E. Mey.
Herbaceous climber. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, toothed, stiffly pubescent, 2-4 in. diameter each way. Male flower: anthers 3-appendaged. Fruit long, ovoid, 3-5 in. long, with scattered stout conical prickles, orange when ripe.
Blue Nile & Mongalla Provinces. Cultivated.
C. Pepo DC. ARAA or GARAA KOSSA—Arab.
Prostrate herb. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Petioles and leaf-nerves prickly. Fruit oblong, large.
Cultivated. Vegetable Marrow.
165Bryonopsis laciniosa Linn.
Slender climber; tendrils forked. Leaves 5-7 in. broad, 5-7 lobed, cordate, scabrid, serrate. Male and female flowers in the same leaf axil; corolla campanulate, small, yellow; stamens 3, anthers cohering, flexuous. Fruit globose, 1 in. diameter, green, striped with yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.).
166Mukia scabrella Arn.
Hispid herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves cordate, almost triangular. Flowers monœcious, small, yellow, male and female together in axillary clusters. Fruit almost globose, with a few scattered hairs, ½ in. diameter, scarlet.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Suakin & Berber (Gireshab); Upper White Nile Prov. (opposite Tonga Mission); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
Used medicinally on the West Coast as an aperient and sudorific, and also for flatulency.
167Zehneria cordifolia Schwfth.
Slender climber. Leaves cordate or triangular-cordate, 1½-2 in. diameter. Male and female flowers in the same axil. Flowers white. Fruit a berry, ¼ in. diameter, globose.
Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomu, near the Lesi R.).
168Melothria deltoidea Benth.
Slender trailing or climbing plant. Leaves triangular-hastate. Flowers white, monœcious; anthers distinct; fruit almost fusiform. Tendrils simple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
M. tridactyla Hook. f.
Very slender thread-like branches. Leaves deltoid, very thin, 2 in. long and broad, scabrid-warted on both sides; tendrils thread-like. Flowers very small, on slender racemes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River, 3729 Schwfth).
169Kedrostis foetidissima Cogn. SHA’ALUK—Arab.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. Flowers small, male in slender racemes, female solitary, monœcious. Fruit fœtid, rugose, beaked, orange coloured when ripe.
Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, Djuiho).
The root is used for curing piles and asthma. The berry is used as cure for sore throat, also when pounded up is given to sick cattle. The stem is dried and pounded and used for mixing with snuff.
K. sp.
Small climber with yellow flowers.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).
170Corallocarpus Fenzlii Hook. f.
Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, 3-5 lobed, 3-4 in. diameter. Fruit ovoid, long beaked, fleshy, scarlet.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
C. erostris Hook. f.
Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, obtusely 5-angled. Fruit hardly or not at all beaked, scarlet.
Nubian Coast; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Soturba).
C. Gijef Hook. f.
Prostrate; stem woody. Leaves scabrid, reniform, ovate, ¾ in. diameter, 3-lobed, distantly toothed, scabrid-glandular; tendrils stout, corky, white. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Fruit very short beaked, scarlet.
Sudan North (Between Berber & Red Sea, in Wadis); Kassala Prov. (J. Kirureb); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Kaija Nuba).
C. Ehrenbergii Hook. f.
Prostrate. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed. Fruit beak slender, ½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).
C. etbaicus Hook. f.
Prostrate; stem angular. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1-2 in. diameter, ashy grey. Fruit short-beaked, ½-⅔ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).
171Ctenolepis fimbristipula K. & P.
Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Fruit size of a cherry, when ripe red, with white markings. Stipular bracts, broad, fringed.
Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
172Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. BATTIKH—Arab. The Watermelon.
Climbing or trailing herb; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves glabrous or slightly hairy, palmately 3 or 7-lobed; lobes pinnatifid. Fruit globular, up to size of a man’s head, green.
Cultivated everywhere on river banks and sandbanks.
The natives of the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. grow amongst their rain crops an inedible variety called KOREISH BATTIKH (Arab) or DITIRA (Zande), and extract an edible oil from the seeds.
C. Colocynthis Schrad. HANDAL—Arab; DUAB—Nuer.
Climbing, or more usually, prostrate herb. Leaves much as above, but scabrid on both surfaces. Fruit globose, the size of a cricket ball, intensely bitter.
North Sudan.
The Colocynth Fruit, or Bitter Apple of Commerce. The pulp is extracted and exported, it possesses powerful cathartic properties and is widely used in medicine. In the Sudan a tar is obtained from the fruit with which water bags are dressed in order to prevent camels from tearing them open. The powdered pulp, either alone or mixed with Black Pepper, is used as a preventative against the Clothes Moth.
173Cephalandra indica Naud.
Climbing perennial; tendrils simple; stem angular and grooved. Leaves usually broad cordate-ovate, more or less deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. Flowers diœcious, solitary, axillary; stamens 3, anthers connate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, slightly beaked, scarlet.
Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).
The scarlet, oblong fruit, is eaten both raw or cooked. The juice of the tap-root is used for diabetes.
C. Moghadd Aschers. MUGHAD—Arab.
Climbing. Leaves pentagonal or sub-5-lobed to nearly the middle, dentate, with glandular teeth, very acute, up to 4½ in. long, closely scabrid-warted all over; tendrils slender, undivided. Flowers fairly large, with spreading gamopetalous corolla. Fruits oblong, fibrous, 2½ in. long.
White Nile Prov.
C. quinqueloba Schrad. MUGHAD (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 in. broad, with glands at base of nerves. Flowers diœcious. Male flower solitary or subcymose; stamens 3; anthers connate, twisted. Female flower solitary, white or yellow. Fruit oblong-ovoid.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer & Dinka Country); Sudd Country (Hillet El Nuer).
Fruit edible.
C. diversifolia Naud.
Prostrate or climbing herb. Leaves 1-6 in. broad, upper ovate-cordate, acuminate, toothed; lower palmately, deeply 3-5 lobed, hispid. Male flower, corolla broadly campanulate; stamens 3, filaments partly free. Fruit ovoid, marbled red, white and yellow.
Between Suakin & Berber (J. Okurr); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
174Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. ARAA- or GARAA-STAMBULI or -AASSALI (Egypt)—Arab. Pumpkin.
Creeping herb. Leaves large, 5-lobed. Fruit large.
CARICACEÆ.
175Carica Papaya Linn. PIPI—Zande. Paw-Paw.
Small, soft-wooded tree, showing leaf-scars on the stem. Leaves large palmatifid. Fruit of female tree almost sessile on stem close to base of the leaves, the size of a small melon, the orange-yellow pulp of which is eaten.
Introduced. Cultivated in gardens.
Fruit edible, possesses a digestive principle called Papain, similar to Pepsin, which is marketed as a drug.
CACTACEÆ.
176Opuntia Dillenii Haw. BRITTEIN—Hadendowa.
Succulent subarborescent plants with more or less prickly, jointed stems and branches; joints flat, obovate. Flowers from upper edge of joints, yellow, tinged with red, 2-3 in. across. Fruit pyriform, edible when ripe.
The Prickly Pear, cultivated and sub-wild. Originally introduced from America.
OCHNACEÆ.
177Ochna Schweinfurthiana F. Hoffm.
A tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, widely emarginate, about 3½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, serrulate, many-nerved; flowers clustered, long-pedicellate; sepals 1 cm. long; fruits 1 cm. long, reticulate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Deragoh).
O. ardisioides Webb.
Small or middle-sized tree, with coriaceous leaves; flowers in twos, on old wood. Style 4-5-fid.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires).
O. leucophlœos Hochst.
Tortuous shrub. Leaves coriaceous, closely serrulate, 3-6 in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, on old wood, yellow; anthers dehiscing by pore-like slits.
Fung Prov.
O. sp.
Shrub, with dark bark; leafless at time of flowering; flowers white.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Between Wau & Deim Zubeir).
O. sp.
Mittu-land (Derago).
178Lophira alata Banks. TANGA—Dinka & Jur, ZAWA—Zande.
Tree with long, glossy leaves; fruit like a shuttlecock, usually 3-winged. Flowers white or yellow, in terminal pyramidal panicles.
Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (from Wau southwards).
The seeds yield an oil which is used in cooking, for hair oil and for making soap. The wood is very hard and heavy (density 1.1), difficult to work. It is dark brown in colour, and is suitable for heavy joinery and sleepers.
179Ouratea Arnoldiana De Wild & Dur.
Gomphia Arnoldiana DC.
Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, with very numerous but obscure parallel nerves, minutely and distantly toothed; flowers yellow, few in racemes, shorter than the leaves.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).
O. densiflora De Wild & Dur.
Gomphia densiflora DC.
Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-obovate, very shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, rather closely serrulate, with rather distant lateral nerves; flowers in lax panicles longer than the leaves.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku Stream).
180Sauvagesia erecta Linn.
Small herb. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrulate; stipules persistent, pectinate-ciliate. Flowers small, white, rose or violet; fertile stamens 5; staminodes in two rows, inner of 5 petaloid, and outer of numerous capitate hairs. Capsule 3-valved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dokuttu: Bongo-land, to Congo).
The plant is very mucilaginous.
DIPTEROCARPACEÆ.
181Monotes Kerstingii Gilg. MELLA—Dinka.
Small tree; fruit surrounded by the enlarged ring-like sepals. Leaves elliptic, rounded at both ends, with about 12 pairs of lateral nerves, softly white tomentose below, about 4 in. by 2¾ in.; flowers small, in axillary cymes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: East of Tonj, Bongo-land & Dar Fertit).
MYRTACEÆ.
182Syzygium guineense DC. KORONGO, AGUA or AGUD—Golo; KULOH or KULA—Jur; SANAMBIRI—Zande.
Two types: (a) A large tree with heavy foliage. Leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminate. Flowers pale yellow, fragrant. (b) Small tree with ovate or obovate leaves. Flowers white.
Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 4-8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces: Jur-land & Mittu-land: Kuragera.
A good timber tree; wood red, hard, even-grained, durable; fruit a small, purple edible berry. Leaves aromatic when bruised.
183Psidium pomiferum Don. The Guava tree.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong. Peduncles axillary, about 1½ in. long, with 1-3 flowers; flowers white. Fruit oblong, size of a small lemon, strongly aromatic when ripe.
Introduced from West Indies. Grown in gardens.
MELASTOMATACEÆ.
184Osbeckia saxicola Gilg.
Hispid pilose herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, up to 7 cm. long, long setose-pilose on both surfaces. Flowers paniculate, rose. Fruits urn-shaped, calyx deciduous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: by Nambia Brook, near the Kishi).
O. senegambiensis Guill. & Perr.
Small shrub; branches 4-angled, scabrid; nodes with long-spreading bristles. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, with 3 parallel nerves. Flowers ¾ in. diameter, rose or purple, usually 5-merous, in terminal racemes; anthers 10, 2-tubercled at base. Capsule enclosed in 10-ribbed, bristly calyx-tube.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near the Pongo River between Wau & Chak-Chak).
185Antherotoma Naudini Hook. f.
Small herb, stem 4-angled. Leaves opposite, in few pairs, ovate, ½ in. long. Flowers small, 4-merous, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre; lobes of calyx alternating with bristles; stamens 8-10, with connective produced below, 2-tubercled at base, anthers opening by large pores. Capsule membranous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dar Fertit: near the Kuru River).
186Dissotis petiolata Hook. f.
Shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. long, elliptic, with 5-parallel nerves, opposite. Flowers solitary or 2 together, 5-merous, pink or purple, enclosed in leafy bracts, anthers 8-10, some longer, incurved, connective produced, as long as anther-cells. Capsule 5-valved, with a minute ring of bristles.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
D. capitata (Vahl) Hook. f. var. Barteri Hook. f.
Small shrub, scabrid, 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 in. long, opposite, 5-7 parallel-nerved. Flowers in small bracteate heads; stamens and capsule as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela: between Tonj & Wau).
D. phæotricha Triana. (Osbeckia postpluvialis Gilg).
Hispid herb, 6-8 in. high, 4-angled. Leaves 2 in. long, oblong with 3-5 parallel nerves. Flowers 4-merous, capitate; bracts small, pectinate, with bristles; calyx bristly; petals purple, obovate; anthers of 2 lengths; connective short, 2-fid, shorter; stamens 2-tubercled at base. Capsule as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Kulengo, Jur Ghattas).
D. rotundifolia ex Gilg. (D. prostrata Triana).
Herb. Leaves ovate, 3-nerved, about 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, slightly pubescent. Flowers few, rose; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, ⅓ in. long. Fruits nearly glabrous, ⅓ in. long, calyx persistent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Atazilli).
D. Schweinfurthii Gilg.
Bushy plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1 in. broad, hispidulous, 5-nerved. Flowers with 2 large bracts at the base, mauve; calyx densely covered with very hairy bristles; smaller lobes between the calyx lobes.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
D. scabra Gilg.
Herb, 3-4 ft., stems subquadrangular. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, scabrid above, scabrid-puberulous below. Flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx with numerous disk-like processes outside, setose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: between Tonj & Duguru & Niamniam-land: Kulensho).
187Tristemma roseum Gilg.
Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, acute, 2½ in. long, 1 in. broad, slightly setulose. Involucres sessile. Receptacle glabrous. Calyx lobes obtuse. Flowers rose.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).
T. Incompletum R. Br.
Erect, bristly shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed in broad, hairy bracts. Receptacle with a single ring of bristles. Petals ¼ in., white or pink; stamens 10, mostly equal, with 1 pore, 2-tubercled; crown of ovary bristly. Fruit dry.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
T. papillosum Gilg.
Erect shrub, bristly; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed in leafy bracts. Receptacle quite glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
T. grandifolium Gilg.
Branches setose. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, pubescent on both surfaces, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad. Involucres sessile, 4-7 flowered. Receptacle with 2 rings of hairs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
COMBRETACEÆ.
188Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. DAROT or DURŪT—Arab; KOTWANG (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Tree, 60 ft. high. Leaves alternate, 1 ft. or more long, ovate, tips sometimes reflexed. Flowers small, green or white, in lax axillary spikes; petals (as in others of this genus) 0; stamens 10, in 2 rows. Fruit 2-winged, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
Exudes a gum. Bark burnt as perfume by Sudanese women. Wood handsome and close grained, has been sold as Teak.
T. near macroptera Guill. & Perr. SIORO—Golo.
Young leaves purplish, slightly pubescent, mature elliptic, cuneate at each end, about 9 in. long, 3-3½ in. broad, at length quite glabrous. Flowers and fruits not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
T. laxiflora Engl. GURFA—Bongo.
Medium tree. Leaves elliptic, rounded at the base, about 6 in. long and 3 in. broad, glabrous. Spikes axillary, very slender, 5-6 in. long. Fruit 2-winged, 3 in. long, 1 in. broad. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Khor Dehab, Blue Nile.
T. Schweinfurthii Eng. & Diels. DURŪT—Arab; LINGA—Dinka.
Very similar to preceding, but leaves very unequal-sided and cuneate at the base and narrowed to the apex.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Seneina, near J. El Amira & Singukai); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
T. aff. T. Schweinfurthii Eng. & Diels. TAMAREIB (Kordn.)—Arab.
Leaves verticillate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, sub-cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, strongly reticulate and tomentellous below. Fruits narrowly oblong, 2½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, flat, glabrous.
Kordofan Prov. (near Um Ruaba).
T. salicifolia Schwfth.
Stems and leaves glaucous, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, 6 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, finely reticulate below. Spikes axillary. Young fruit pubescent.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
T. torulosa F. Hoffm.
Tree, 30 ft. Leaves elliptic, rounded at each end, about 9 in. long and 5 in. broad, softly tomentose below and strongly nerved. Spikes about 4 in. long, tomentose. Fruit 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, tomentellous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
T. sp.
Tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves broadly elliptic, rounded at each end, 8 in. long and 5 in. broad, reticulate and sparsely pubescent below, with about 15 pairs of lateral nerves. Flowers and fruit not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, III 228 Schwfth).
T. Spekei Rolfe.
Small tree with rough bark, 10 to 20 ft. high. Leaves elongate oblong-obovate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, very densely and softly tomentose below, with very strong lateral nerves. Fruits oblong-elliptic, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, tomentellous.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
T. splendida Engl. & Diels. DURŪT—Arab; FIOK or PHUK—Dinka; TO & FIAWE—Golo; FIOK & POH—Jur; GURFA—Bongo; BAKAIPUR—Zande.
Tree, 50 ft. high, with rough bark. Leaves large, elliptic, slightly narrowed at each end, 9 in. long, 4 in. broad, leathery, softly tomentose below.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
Bark rough; when powdered, is used as snuff by Sudanese women. This species is very resistant to grass fires.
T. Brownei Fresen. SUBAKH & SUBARAYA—Arab; TAHAT—Rashida; ’MBRA—Nuba.
Large tree, with delicate branch tracery; old bark rough, young bark smooth, whitish. Fruit 2-winged, purplish-red, up to 3 in. long. Leaves in large tufts near the ends of branches, broadly lanceolate or elliptic acuminate.
Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,200 ft.); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
T. sericea Burch.
Small tree; bark steel coloured; the whole covered with silky pubescence. Leaves crowded in pseudo-verticils, oblanceolate-cuspidate. Fruit 2-winged, roundish-ovate, rusty-velvety, 1 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River).
T. sp. 1337 Schwfth.
Shrub, with viscid young parts. Leaves (very young) ovate-elliptic, small, with about 5 pairs of lateral nerves, pubescent on the midrib. Spikes short.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
T. glabra Roxb.
Very large tree with smooth bark, flaking off in large pieces. Leaves sub-opposite. Fruit 1½ in. long, 5-winged.
Introduced.
Exudes a gum. The timber is light-brown in colour and fairly strong, but does not resist white ants. The bark is sometimes used for dyeing; it is also considered tonic and astringent. A fine white lime-like ash is obtained by burning the bark.
T. Dawei Rolfe.
Small tree. Leaves elongate-obovate, up to 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves. Flowers not seen. Fruits red, glaucous, flat, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
189Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. SAHABA (Kordofan) & SEILAG—Arab; DARO—Rashida; SHIRGI (Dilling), KÏRĪD (J. Eliri) & TAMURU (Kadugli)—Nuba; SINGA & M’BA—Golo; KHAI—Hameg; AMMET (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; YIN—Burun; MET—Nuer; SIRINGA—Bongo; BANGA—Zande.
Tall, graceful tree, with slender drooping branches and smooth bark which flakes off. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in globose heads, small; petals 0; fruit small, coriaceous, broadly 2-winged.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
Timber white, strong, elastic, useful for building carts, implements, etc. Not suitable for railway sleepers. The roots are rich in tannin and the wood ashes are used in W. Africa as a mordant for fixing dyes. Yields an insoluble gum.
A. near leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. SAHABA—Arab.
Differs chiefly by its more marked heartwood.
Kordofan Prov.
Timber dark, hard and capable of taking a good polish.
190Gulera senegalensis Lam. OBEISH or RUBEISH—Arab; KŪĪ (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Small tree or shrub with downy branches, the whole plant minutely black dotted. Leaves opposite, oval, subcordate, cuspidate. Flowers in pedunculate involucrate heads. Fruit densely clothed with very long silky hairs, making a fluffy head.
Kordofan, Darfur & Nuba Mts. Provinces.
Good camel fodder.
191Combretum trichanthum Fresen. TARŌB—Rashida; SHĀF—Hadendowa.
Small tree; young branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, densely hairy when young. Flowers 4-merous, small, in axillary spikes; petals obdeltoid, minutely fringed stamens 8, in 2 rows; fruit 4-5 winged, ¾ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. Hartmannianum Schwfth. HABIL (White Nile), SUBAKH or SUBAKH SODA (Fung)—Arab; KARSO (J. Daier), HAGGIARN (Dilling), KWAE (J. Eliri) & N’DARU (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Small to fairly large tree. Leaves opposite, long acuminate-caudate. Flowers: calyx 4-lobed; petals 4, minute; stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit 4-winged.
Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
Exudes a gum. The timber is said to be good. Some portions of the tree are used as perfume by the Nuba.
C. lecananthum Engl. & Diels. M’NA—Golo; DERA—Jur.
Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 4 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, thin, glabrous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, slender. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1 in. long, 4-winged, glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
C. multispicatum Engl. & Diels. HABIL—Arab; MANĀ or TEPELU—Golo; GŎK—Nuer.
Moderate-sized tree; branchlets and leaves pubescent, the latter alternate, broadly oblong-elliptic, mucronate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, glossy when young. Flowers paniculate, pubescent, small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur-lands).
C. ghasalense Engl. & Diels. HABIL—Arab; TEPELU—Golo; BAZE—Zande.
Moderate-sized tree. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, 3 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, glabrous and closely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers in short panicles, crowded.
Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul); Darfur Prov., Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women.
C. brunneum Engl. & Diels.
Small tree, 20 ft. high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at the base, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, 2-2½ in. long, about 1 in. broad, reddish-brown and closely reticulate when dry. Fruits sub-orbicular, 4-winged, ¾ in. broad.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Mittu-land).
C. undulatum Wall. SUBAKH or SUBAKH BEIDA (Fung)—Arab; BOGWEH—Bari; BAZI—Hameg.
Tree, 40 ft. high: branchlets glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute, 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, undulate, glossy or viscid when young. Flower paniculate, small, hairy.
Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali & Mittu-land: Ngama); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Thombé).
The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women.
C. glutinosum Perr.
Small tree. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4. Fruit 4-winged. Flowers small, pubescent, greenish-white, on small axillary spikes.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. cordofanum Engl. & Diels.
Leaves obovate-elliptic, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 2½ in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits thinly winged, oblong, truncate at the base, 1 in. long, ¾ in. broad, puberulous.
Kordofan Prov. (Um Dajog).
C. gallabatense Schwfth.
Middle-sized tree. Leaves about 6 in. long, lanceolate, hoary pubescent.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
C. Schweinfurthii Engl. & Diels.
Tree. Leaves variable, from 1½ in. long, obovate to 12 in. long, broadly lanceolate, acute to acuminate. Fruit 4-winged.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli & Niamniam-land, by the Gumango).
C. verticillatum Engl.
Small tree, branchlets rusty tomentellous. Leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate-elliptic, long acuminate, about 8 in. long and 2 in. broad, shortly pubescent and rather densely lepidote-glandular below. Flower-spikes axillary, 2½ in. long. Fruits 4-winged, ¾ in. long, tomentose between the wings.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land: Gir).
C. bongense Engl.
Shrub with sweet-smelling flowers. Leaves clustered ovate-lanceolate, subacute, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, very densely lepidote below, with tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves. Spikes simple, 3 in. long, tomentose. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dakuttu); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Debri).
C. adenogonium Steud.
Tree. Leaves usually ternate, ovate to lanceolate, downy beneath, leaving deep scars after falling off. Flowering branches leafless. Flowers small on short woolly spikes. Fruit 4-5-winged, about 1 in. long, shining.
Darfur Prov.
C. populifolium Engl. & Diels. BEMBU—Golo.
Shrub or tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3, elliptic, sub-acuminate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, densely lepidote below. Fruits suborbicular, 1 in. broad, densely rusty-lepidote.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; S.W. of Old Wau).
C. splendens Engl.
Branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves ovate, more or less slightly cordate at the base, acute, about 5 in. long and 3 in. broad, softly pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers crowded in short spikes, hairy. Fruits elliptic, lepidote, 1¼ in. long.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, mid-zone).
C. lepidotum Hochst.
Tree; branches compressed, scaly. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long, viscid, glandular above and densely scaly beneath. Flowers in axillary spikes of the length of the leaves. Fruit lepidote.
Fung. Prov.
C. collinum Fresen. UM-SUMAIN—Arab; ARGADA—Hameg.
Small tree; fruit 4-winged. Leaves sub-opposite, 3-5 in. long, ovate to elliptical, sparingly scaly above, densely so beneath. Flowers small in simple axillary spikes shorter than the leaves.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).
C. parvulum Engl. & Diels.
Undershrub from a woody rhizome. Leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, very mucronate, 3½ in. long, very strongly reticulate below, pubescent between the veins. Flowers few and clustered at the ends of the peduncle. Fruits broadly elliptic, with membranous wings 1 in. long, puberulous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
C. paniculatum Vent.
Climber with large panicles of small scarlet flowers. Leaves with twisted stalks, elliptic, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Fruits suborbicular, with broad membranous wings about 1 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).
C. capituliflorum Fenzl.
Woody climber. Flowers in globose, densely woolly heads arranged in short terminal and axillary panicles, dull yellow. Leaves opposite or ternate, lanceolate, undulate 4-6 in. long. Fruit 1½ in. long; wings narrow, woody.
Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
C. molle R. Br.
Shrub or small tree; young leaves densely hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Biri River & Deim Zubeir).
C. racemosum Beauv.
Showy shrub, 20 ft. high. Young leaves and flowers carmine.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
C. mittuense Engl. & Diels.
Climber. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, about 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, thinly papery, glabrous. Flowers paniculate, with coloured leafy bracts, pale pink, tassel-like; calyx green; stamens carmine. Fruits obovate, with very membranous wings, about 1 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Roah River).
C. near C. comosum Don.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
C. aculeatum Vent. SHEKHEIT (Fung), SHUHEIT (Dongola) & SHEHEIT (Kordn.) or SOGHEIT—Arab; MARTE (Dilling) & MINDIGIRI (Kadugli)—Nuba; REGA—Bari.
Scandent shrub. Petioles of leaves persistent, forming decurved spines. Flowers rather small, white; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5; stamens 10; anthers orange. Fruit 4-5-winged.
Dongola Prov. (Wadi Id El Murakh); Berber Prov. (Atbara River: Goz Regeb); Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora Hills); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan, Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
C. platypterum Hutch. & J. M. Diels.
Climber with large panicles of reddish long, tubular flowers, about 1 in. long. Leaves oblong, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, glabrous. Fruits like “Honesty,” orbicular-obovate, broadly winged, about 1½ in. broad.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
C. sp. (cf. C. altum Guill. & Perr.). KUSI (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Small tree; fruit 4-winged; shoots sometimes twining. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). 884 S.G.H.
C. sp. GOAK—Dinka; BOADUN—Burun.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).
RHIZOPHORACEÆ.
192Rhizophora sp. Probably R. mucronata Lam.
Mangrove. Leaves obovate-elliptic, long-mucronate, leathery, about 4½ in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers few. Sepals oblong, leathery. Petals hairy inside. Seeds germinating before falling.
Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.
193Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lam.
Tree with smooth bark, marked on young branches with scars of leaves and stipules. Leaves rather thick, oval, bright green. Fruit scarlet, 1 in. long. Seeds germinating before falling.
Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.
HYPERICACEÆ.
194Hypericum Lalandii Choisy.
Small tufted herb, under 10 in. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, about ¼ in. long, gland-dotted. Flowers yellow in dichotomous cymes.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
H. perforatum Linn.
Somewhat woody plant with perennial stock. Leaves with translucent and some dark dots; corolla yellow with black dots. Stamens polyadelphous.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, over 6,000 ft.).
195Psorospermum salicifolium Engl.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in small close cymes. Sepals and petals streaked with resin, the latter densely hairy inside.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kutshuk Ali & Kuragera); Niamniam (Tuhami).
P. senegalense Spach.
Shrub; twigs and young leaves rusty tomentose. Flowers in dense corymbs, white, streaked with brown; stamens 5-adelphous. Leaves opposite or alternate, elliptic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
P. tenuifolium Hook. f.
Glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, opposite, opaquely punctate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbs; stamens 5-7-adelphous.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
196Haronga madagascariensis Chois. KAWA (Mongalla Prov.)—Makraka.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, entire, rusty tomentose when young, ovate-oblong, connected by an interpetiolar ridge. Flowers small, 5-adelphous, in broad terminal corymbose cymes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Khor Tela, between Wau & Tonj, and near the Mongo-longbo stream); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
The fruit is edible; the seeds are used in French Guinea in cookery. The wood is of great beauty, it works well and finishes without trouble. A yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the tree. It is found in Mongalla Prov., frequently associated with Berlinia acuminata.
GUTTIFERÆ.
197Garcinia sp.
Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves prominent on both surfaces. Fruits clustered, ⅔ in. long; stalks ½ in. long.