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Foods and Their Adulteration / Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations cover

Foods and Their Adulteration / Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations

Chapter 806: INDEX.
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About This Book

An authoritative manual that surveys common food items in their natural and processed states, explains methods of production and preservation, and identifies typical adulterations and contaminants. It summarizes nutritional composition and food values, describes inspection standards and national regulations, and offers practical, non‑technical tests for detecting impurities along with discussion of storage effects and manufacturing practices. Appendices reproduce legal standards and enforcement rules, and the text is intended to inform consumers, manufacturers, physicians, and analysts about honest labeling, safe handling, and analytical approaches to assessing purity and wholesomeness.

INDEX.

  • A.
  • Acid in fruits, 369
  • Acorn, 413
  • oil, 396
  • Adulteration, frequency, 57
  • Aerating agents, 251
  • Alcohol, in confectionery, 485
  • industrial, 297, 481
  • Alewife, 121
  • Allspice, 322
  • Almond oil, 396
  • Almonds, 414
  • Alum residues, character, 253
  • Amido bodies, 89
  • Anchovy, 122
  • Animals, preparation as food, 12
  • Anise, 323
  • Anona, 343
  • preserves, 344
  • Appendix A, food standards, 501
  • filled cheese, 517
  • B, regulations, food and drugs act, 522
  • food and drugs act, 533
  • C, meat inspection regulations, 538
  • meat inspection law, 556
  • D, food inspection decisions, 562
  • Applebutter, 385
  • Apples, 330
  • acidity, 330
  • adulterations, 330
  • composition, 331, 332
  • dietetic value, 332
  • dried, 335
  • evaporated, 335
  • length of harvest, 333
  • pectose content, 333
  • picking and care, 333
  • preparation for drying, 334
  • storage, 334
  • tannin content, 334
  • varieties, 330
  • Arrowroot, 317
  • Bermuda, 318
  • Madagascar, 319
  • South African, 320
  • Artichoke, 274
  • composition, 274
  • Jerusalem, 283
  • Ash, 9
  • of tropical fruits, 368
  • Asparagus, 275
  • Atropin, 448
  • Avocado, 344
  • B.
  • Bacon, canned, 48
  • composition of canned, 48, 49
  • Baking powders, 251
  • alum, 252
  • cream of tartar, 252
  • phosphate, 252
  • residues, 253
  • Bananas, 345
  • composition, 347
  • Barley, 217
  • acreage and yield, 217
  • composition, 217
  • protein, 218
  • starch, 218
  • Bay leaf, 323
  • Bean, 275
  • butter, 276
  • green, 276
  • kidney, 276
  • Lima, 276
  • string, 276
  • Beans, adulteration of canned, 308
  • canned, 307, 312
  • composition of canned, 307
  • Bechi test, 66
  • Beechnuts, 415
  • Beef, adulteration of potted, 52
  • commercial cuts, 17
  • composition of canning, 43
  • potted, 53
  • extract, 79
  • names, 80
  • nitrogenous bodies, 79
  • nutritive properties, 80
  • fat crystals, 67
  • juice, 81
  • composition, 81
  • preservatives, 81
  • trade-names, 82
  • potted, 52
  • tea, 84
  • composition, 85
  • Beefsteak, 21
  • Bees, swarming, 488
  • Beet sugar, 456
  • historical, 457
  • manufacture, 461-464
  • Beets, 277
  • Berkshire pig, analytical data, 29, 30
  • percentages of parts, 31, 32
  • Biscuits, composition, 258
  • Black bass, 122
  • Black strap, 481
  • Blackberries, 342
  • Blood, preparations, 83
  • Bluefish, 122
  • Bondon cheese, 208
  • Bonnyclabber, 181
  • Brandied fruit, 385
  • Brazil-nut, 415
  • Bread, 249
  • comparative nutritive properties, 256
  • composition, 254, 255
  • quantity of ash, 256
  • of sugar, 256
  • typical, 255
  • varieties, 249
  • Breakfast foods, 267
  • classification, 268
  • composition, 268
  • value, 271
  • Brie, manufacture, 207
  • Brook trout, 149
  • Brown grease, 71
  • Brussels sprouts, 278
  • Buckwheat, 219
  • acreage, 219
  • adulterations, 221
  • cakes, 220
  • composition, 219
  • milling, 219
  • starch, 221
  • Butcher’s lard, 70
  • Butter, 182-187
  • adulterated, 186
  • affected by food, 186
  • coloring, 185
  • melting point, 186
  • renovated, 186
  • salting, 183
  • standard, 186
  • treatment, 182
  • Buttermilk, 181
  • Butternut, 416
  • C.
  • Cabbage, 278
  • Cacao butter, 410
  • composition, 181
  • Cainito, 366
  • Cakes, 265
  • adulteration, 266
  • composition, 266
  • Calories, 9
  • Camembert, manufacture, 206
  • Candy, food value, 483
  • Cane sirup, 475
  • composition, 476
  • geographical distribution, 475
  • sugar, manufacture, 465, 466
  • Canna edulis, 318
  • Canned corn, adulteration, 228
  • souring and swelling, 312
  • Canning industries, importance, 386-388
  • Canning liquid, composition, 47
  • principles, 306
  • without parboiling, 47
  • Cans, character, 311
  • Cantaloupe, 284
  • Capers, 323
  • Capons, 103
  • Caraway, 323
  • Carcasses, preparation of, 14
  • Carp, 123
  • Carrot, 279
  • Casein, preparations, 215
  • Cashew, 348
  • Cassia, 323
  • buds, 323
  • Catfish, 123
  • Cauliflower, 279
  • Caviar, 145
  • Celery, 280
  • seed, 323
  • Cepe, 445
  • Ceylon oil, 411
  • Cheddar cheese, manufacture, 204
  • Cheese, 190-216
  • adulteration and misbranding, 192
  • American, 197
  • artificial coloring, 192
  • bacterial activity, 211
  • Cheddar, 203
  • chemical changes during ripening, 212-214
  • Cheshire, 203
  • comparative composition, 199
  • cottage, 195
  • cream, 201
  • curing, 200
  • digestibility, 214
  • effect of cold storage, 215
  • filled, 194
  • French varieties, 206
  • goats’ milk, 192
  • historical, 190
  • kinds, 191
  • manufacture, 196, 197
  • of foreign types, 201
  • preservatives, 194
  • principal English kinds, 203
  • quality of American, 200
  • raw materials, 194
  • sage, 203
  • salting, 199
  • Stilton, 203
  • Chemical leavening agents, 254
  • preservatives, preservation, 37
  • terms, explanation, 8
  • Cherries, 336
  • canned, 370
  • maraschino, 371
  • varieties, 337
  • Chicken, 95
  • adulteration, 103
  • of potted, 102
  • composition of white meat, 101
  • Chicken, preserved, 102
  • Chickens, artificial feeding, 99
  • drawn and undrawn, 100
  • fresh killed, 99
  • preparation for food, 96
  • preparing for market, 99
  • Chicks, influence of temperature, 97
  • market, 98
  • Chicory, 280
  • roasted, 280
  • Chinese nut, 417
  • Chestnut, 416
  • composition, 417
  • Cinnamon, 323
  • Citrus fruits, 348
  • Clams, 153
  • canned, 156
  • chowder, 79
  • soup, 79
  • Cloves, 323
  • Coconut butter, 411
  • oil, 411
  • Cod, composition, 125
  • common, 124
  • liver oil, adulteration, 166
  • salted and dried, 125
  • Codfish, 124
  • balls, 126
  • Cold storage, effect on meats, 35
  • Coloring, artificial, 380
  • matter, 55
  • indirect, 55
  • Colza oil, 407
  • Comb honey, 489
  • Condimental substance, curing, 35, 36
  • Condiments, 322
  • Confectionery, 482
  • alcohol forbidden, 486
  • manufacture, 482
  • materials, 482
  • mineral colors, 485
  • wholesomeness, 484
  • Confections, adulteration, 483
  • Conger eel, 127
  • Consumer, rights of, 14
  • Cooking, 3
  • Copper, in peas, 313
  • tests, 314
  • Copra oil, 411
  • Coriander, 324
  • Corn bread, 232
  • canned, 227
  • meal, 230
  • adulteration, 232
  • pudding, 257
  • Cottonseed oil, 397
  • Bechi test, 66
  • extraction with petroleum, 401
  • Halphen test, 65
  • magnitude of industry, 397
  • manufacture, 397, 398
  • refining, 399, 400
  • Crabs, 155
  • Crabs, canned, 156
  • Cramming machine, 111
  • Cranberry, 281
  • Crawfish, 156
  • Cream, 175
  • standards, 176
  • Creatin, 90
  • Cress, 281
  • Cucumber, 281
  • Curd, cutting, 198
  • forming, 197
  • gathering, 199
  • heating, 198
  • milling, 199
  • separating, 199
  • Cured meats, canned, 59
  • Cumin seed, 324
  • Cuts of beef, 15
  • D.
  • Deviled meats, potted, 52
  • Dewberry, 342
  • Dill, 324
  • Dried meats, 85
  • Duck, 104
  • composition, 108
  • varieties, 105
  • Aylesbury, 105
  • Cayuga, 105
  • crested white, 105
  • East Indian, 105
  • gray, 105
  • Pekin, 105
  • Rover, 105
  • white call, 105
  • white Muscovy, 105
  • E.
  • Edam cheese, 210
  • Edible oils, uses, 395
  • parts, names, 15
  • Eels, 126
  • Egg plant, 282
  • substitutes, 115
  • Eggs, 112
  • broken, 115
  • cold storage, 114
  • composition, 113
  • dried, 115
  • parasites, 116
  • poisonous principles, 116
  • preservation, 113
  • Emmenthaler cheese, manufacture, 207
  • Entire wheat flour, 244
  • Enzyme action, effect of low temperature, 23
  • Ether extract, 9
  • F.
  • Fat, identification of meats, 25
  • Fat products, inedible, 70
  • test for adulteration, 51
  • Fennel, 324
  • Ferments, spontaneous, 250
  • Fiber, 9
  • Figs, 349
  • caprification, 350
  • composition, 349
  • Smyrna, 349
  • Filberts, 418
  • Fish, average composition, 151
  • canning, 152
  • classification, 117, 118
  • by composition, 120, 121
  • cold storage, 151
  • drying and salting, 152
  • edible portion, 119
  • eggs, composition, 146
  • food value, 153
  • marketing, 151
  • oils, 165
  • principal constituents, 119
  • products, adulteration, 152
  • Flavoring extracts, 326
  • Flavors, artificial, 380
  • Flesh, edible, 11
  • Flounder, summer, 127
  • Flour, 242
  • adulterations, 247
  • age, 248
  • bleaching, 247
  • commercial value, 244
  • composition, 245
  • special names, 243
  • standards, 248
  • substitutes, 248
  • varieties, 242
  • Fluorids in fish, 151
  • Foods, classification, 2, 7
  • composition, 6
  • condimental, 8
  • social functions, 5
  • Fowls, slaughtering, 111
  • Fresh meat, adulteration of canned, 57
  • delivery to consumers, 21
  • preservation, 23
  • Fruit, brandied, 385
  • butter, 385
  • definition, 326
  • selection, 375
  • sirups, 373
  • adulteration, 374
  • composition, 373
  • imitation, 374
  • Fruits, acid content, 369
  • adulteration of canned, 372
  • canned, 370
  • characteristics, 327
  • composition of ash, 376
  • crystallized, 483
  • nutritive uses, 328
  • sugar content, 369
  • Fungi, food value, 454
  • G.
  • Garlic, 282
  • Geese, feeding, 106
  • Gelatine, 90
  • adulteration, 91
  • preparation, 90
  • raw materials, 90, 91
  • Gervais cheese, 208
  • Ginger, 324
  • Glucose, 479
  • harmful constituents, 485
  • used in honey, 493
  • Gluten, 241
  • flour, 244
  • separation, 245
  • testing, 246, 247
  • Goggle-eye, 135
  • Goose, 105
  • composition, 108
  • varieties, 106
  • Gooseberry, 342
  • Gorgonzola cheese, 211
  • Gourds, 282
  • Grape fruit, 351
  • composition, 351
  • Grapes, 337
  • composition, 338
  • Graylings, 128
  • Graham flour, 243
  • Green turtle, 157
  • soup, 79
  • Gruyère cheese, 210
  • Guava, 352
  • composition, 352
  • preserves, 352
  • H.
  • Halibut, 128
  • Ham and bacon, adulteration of canned, 50
  • canned, 48
  • composition of canned, 48
  • Hake, 128
  • Halphen test, 65
  • Hazelnut, 419
  • oil, 401
  • Herring, 129
  • Hicaco, 352
  • Hickory-nut, 419
  • Hogfish, 130
  • Honey, adulteration, 493
  • ash, 492
  • cane sugar adulterant, 494
  • comb, 489
  • dextrose and levulose, 492
  • distribution of industry, 489
  • extracted, 490
  • glucose, 493
  • historical, 486
  • hives, 488
  • invert sugar content, 494
  • polarization, 491
  • preparation, 487
  • Honey, properties, 491
  • strained, 491
  • sucrose content, 492
  • water content, 491
  • Horse mackerel, 130
  • meat, canned, 57
  • composition, 58
  • detection, 58
  • Horse-radish, 283
  • Huckleberry, 342
  • I.
  • Incubator, 96, 97
  • Indian corn, 222
  • acreage and yield, 222
  • adulteration of canned, 310
  • canned, 308
  • comparative digestibility, 257
  • composition of canned, 309
  • extent of canning industry, 309
  • starch, 229
  • varieties, 223
  • Infants’ foods, 497
  • composition, 499, 500
  • solid, 498
  • Inspection, 13
  • Intestines of hogs, disposition, 69
  • Introduction, 1
  • Invalids’ foods, 497, 498
  • J.
  • Jams, 375, 376
  • adulteration, 378, 379
  • composition, 377, 378
  • compound, 383
  • Jellies, 375, 379
  • adulteration, 380
  • coloring, 380
  • composition, 380, 381
  • compound, 383
  • manufacture, 381
  • preservatives, 382
  • Jerusalem artichoke, 283
  • K.
  • Kale, 283
  • Kedzie, farinometer, 246
  • Kephir, 179
  • Ketchup, colors, 317
  • refuse material, 317
  • tomato, 316
  • Kettle-rendered lard, 68
  • Kidney bean, 276
  • Koumiss, 179
  • Kumquat, 353
  • L.
  • Lake herring, 130
  • Lamb chops, 22
  • Lamb, commercial cuts, 19
  • Lard, 63
  • adulteration, 65
  • chemical properties, 75
  • color reaction, 73
  • commercial classification, 68
  • composition, 64
  • crystals, 67
  • detection of adulterations, 65
  • leaf, 64
  • melting point, 73
  • names of kinds, 64
  • oil, 94
  • adulteration, 94
  • properties, 94
  • parts of fat used for making, 63
  • physical properties, 73
  • properties, 75
  • of adulterated, 76
  • rendering, 71, 72
  • rise of temperature, 73, 74
  • steam, 64
  • stearin, 71
  • summary, 76, 77
  • Leaf lard, 68
  • Leek, 284
  • Lemons, 353
  • Lethal dose, 39, 40
  • Lettuce, 284
  • Limburger cheese, 208
  • composition, 209
  • Lime, 354
  • juice, adulteration, 354
  • Loaves, size, 259
  • texture, 259
  • Lobster, 155
  • canned, 156
  • M.
  • Macaroni, 260
  • composition, 260, 263
  • domestic, 260
  • manufacture, 263
  • Mace, 324
  • Mackerel, 131
  • Maize, 222, 223
  • composition, 223
  • early varieties, 227
  • flour, 230, 231
  • proteins, 227
  • variation, 227
  • Mamey Colorado, 354
  • de Santo Domingo, 355
  • Mango, 356
  • Maple sirup, 472
  • ash, 473
  • composition, 473
  • sugar, 467, 469
  • Maranon, 348
  • Marjoram, 325
  • Marmalade, 382
  • Meat broth, composition of ash, 86
  • Meat, chemical detection, 24
  • composition of fresh and canned, 46
  • detection of different kinds, 24
  • disposition of fragments, 23
  • dried, 25
  • extract, active principles, 86
  • adulteration, 86
  • kinds of preparations, 88, 89
  • nitrogenous bases, 88
  • relation of price and nutritive value, 87
  • food classification, 12
  • industry, magnitude, 61
  • juice, composition of ash, 86
  • microscopic appearance, 24
  • odor and taste, 24
  • preparation for canning, 40-41
  • Meats, 11
  • adulterations of comminuted, 54
  • deviled, 54
  • miscellaneous, 54
  • mixed, 54
  • potted, 54
  • effects of cold storage, 35
  • methods of preservation, 34, 35
  • pickled, 26
  • potted, 51
  • summary of data, 92, 93
  • Melons, 284
  • composition, 285, 286
  • Menhaden, 132
  • Milk, 169
  • average composition, 169
  • content of fat, 174
  • certified, 171
  • character of environment, 170
  • comparative composition, 175
  • curd test, 176
  • pasteurized, 173
  • preparation, 171
  • Mince meat, 494
  • adulteration, 495
  • pressed, 495
  • Mixed flour, 244
  • Mock turtle soup, 79
  • Modified milk, composition, 497
  • Molasses, 477
  • cane, 478
  • first, second, and third, 478
  • refinery, 479
  • sugar-house, 479
  • Mulberry, 343
  • Mullet, 132
  • Muscarine, 447
  • Mushroom, cepe, 445
  • common, 440
  • fairy ring, 443
  • fly amanita, 446
  • horse, 441
  • poisoning, 448
  • treatment, 448
  • shaggy, 442, 443
  • Mushrooms, adulteration, 449
  • canned, 449
  • composition, 432
  • condition of growth, 431
  • cultivation in France, 431
  • edible types, 440
  • food value, 454
  • historical, 429
  • mycelium, 430
  • pieces and stems, 449
  • poisonous and edible, 433, 434
  • removal of poison, 448
  • signs of edible and poisonous, 435-439
  • soil, 430
  • spawn, 430
  • spores, 430
  • varieties, 440
  • Muskallunge, 133
  • Muskmelon, 284
  • Mussel, 158
  • Mustard, 325
  • Mutton, commercial cuts, 19
  • N.
  • Napoleon, decree relating to beet sugar, 457
  • Neat’s foot oil, 94
  • Neutral lard, 68
  • Nitrogenous bases, 88
  • Noodles, 270
  • Normal dose, 39, 40
  • Nutmeg, 325
  • Nuts as a diet, 428
  • O.
  • Oats, 232
  • acreage and yield, 233
  • composition, 234
  • products, 234
  • protein, 234
  • ratio of kernel to hull, 233
  • starch, 236
  • Oatmeal, adulteration, 235
  • Oil, cod liver, 166
  • salmon, 166
  • sardine, 166
  • Oils and fats, chemical characteristics, 389, 390
  • crystalline characteristics, 391
  • melting point, 392
  • physical characteristics, 392
  • refractive index, 392
  • Reichert-Meissl number, 393
  • saponification value, 393
  • specific gravity, 393
  • vegetable, 389
  • animal, 165
  • distribution, 391
  • drying, 391
  • terrestrial animal, 93
  • Okra, 286
  • Oleomargarine, 187
  • adulteration, 189
  • composition, 190
  • Oleomargarine, manufacture, 189
  • materials, 188
  • production, 190
  • Olive kernel oil, 405
  • Olive oil, 402
  • adulteration, 402, 403
  • color, 403
  • constituents, 404
  • manufacture, 405
  • Onion, 286
  • Oranges, 357, 358
  • seedless, 359
  • Oyster, age, 159
  • cultivation, 159
  • floating, 162, 163
  • living, 160
  • proportion of shell, 161
  • season, 160
  • size, 159
  • soup, 78
  • Oysters, 158-161
  • adulteration, 164
  • average composition, 164
  • P.
  • Palm oil, 412
  • Paprika, 325
  • Parboiling, 41
  • effect, 43-45
  • Parmesan cheese, 210
  • Parsnips, 287
  • Pâtés, composition, 54
  • Peach preserves, 385
  • Peaches, 339
  • canned, 371
  • cling, 341
  • composition, 341
  • free, 341
  • use, 341
  • varieties, 340
  • Peanolia, 421
  • Peanut butter, 412
  • oil, 406
  • Renard’s test, 406
  • starch, 322
  • Peanuts, 420
  • localities where grown, 422
  • Peas, 287
  • adulteration of canned, 313
  • canned, 312
  • composition of canned, 313
  • Pecan-nut, 424
  • Pectose, 330
  • Pepper, 325
  • black, 325
  • cayenne, 325
  • red, 325
  • white, 325
  • Permanganate of potash, 448
  • Pickerel, 132
  • Pieces of edible animals, names, 17
  • Pie fillers, 496
  • Pie fillers, adulteration, 496
  • Pigeon, domesticated, 107
  • Pigs, composition, 26, 27
  • general conclusions, 33
  • weight of parts, 26
  • Pig’s-foot grease, 71
  • Pike, 132
  • Pineapple, 360
  • adulteration, 361
  • Bahama, 363
  • canned, 362
  • composition, 363, 364
  • Florida, 364
  • Porto Rican, 364
  • Singapore, 365
  • Pine-nuts, 424
  • Pistachio, 426
  • Plantain meal, 319
  • Plums, 341
  • varieties, 342
  • Pomelo, 351
  • Pompano, 134
  • Pont L’Evêque cheese, 208
  • Popcorn, 225, 227
  • Pork, commercial cuts, 19, 20
  • important meat product, 33
  • Port du Salut cheese, 207
  • Porterhouse steak, 16
  • Poultry, application of name, 95
  • canned, 56
  • cold storage, 100
  • forced fattening, 109
  • importance of animal food, 108
  • increase in weight, 110
  • Potato starch as food, 322
  • manufacture, 296
  • Potatoes, 288
  • acreage, 289
  • ash, 294
  • composition, 290, 292, 293
  • effect of manure, 295
  • for alcohol, 296
  • German, 293
  • price, 289
  • starch, 291
  • sugar content, 290
  • sweet, 299
  • used in spirit manufacture, 297
  • white, 294
  • yield, 289
  • Potted tongue, 56
  • adulteration, 56
  • Preservatives in meats, 55
  • kinds used, 37
  • Preserved meats, 34
  • standard, 57
  • Preserves, 375, 384
  • Puff-balls, 444
  • Q.
  • Quince, 342
  • R.
  • Radish, 298
  • Rape oil, 407
  • adulterations, 408
  • manufacture, 408
  • Raspberry, 343
  • Ration, balanced, 5
  • definition, 4
  • Redeye, 135
  • Red snapper, 134
  • Reptiles, aquatic, 157
  • Rhubarb, 299
  • Rice, 236
  • acreage and yield, 236
  • starch, 236
  • Roast beef, 21
  • lamb, 22
  • Rock bass, 135
  • Rolls, 264
  • composition, 265
  • Romaine lettuce, 284
  • Roquefort cheese, 211
  • Rye, 237
  • acreage and yield, 237
  • bread, 239
  • composition, 238
  • flour, adulteration, 239
  • protein, 238
  • S.
  • Saccharin, in canned corn, 311
  • in tomatoes, 314, 316
  • Saffron, 326
  • Sage, 326
  • Sago, 320
  • Salmon, 135-138
  • Atlantic coast, 137
  • blueback, 137
  • canned, 137
  • Chinook, 136
  • Pacific, 136
  • Sebago, 138
  • sockeye, 137
  • Salt rising, 251
  • Samples, preparation for analysis, 28
  • Sapodilla, 365
  • Sapota, 365
  • Sardines, 139
  • adulteration, 140, 141
  • California, 139
  • European, 139
  • French fisheries, 140
  • packed in oil, 140
  • Sausage, adulteration of canned, 60
  • canned, 59
  • composition, 59
  • Savory, 326
  • Scup, 141
  • Scuppernong grape vine, 337
  • Semolina, 263
  • Sesamé oil, 408
  • adulteration, 409
  • Baudouin’s test, 409
  • plant, 409
  • Shad, 141
  • roe, 143
  • composition, 143
  • Sheepshead, 143
  • Shrimps, 156
  • canned, 157
  • Sirup, cane, 475
  • maple, 472
  • sorghum, 476
  • Sirups, adulteration, 480
  • general observations, 481
  • mixed, 479
  • Skimmed milk, 176
  • Small quantities, argument, 38, 39
  • Smelt, 144
  • Sole, 146
  • Soluble meats, 82, 83
  • composition, 83
  • Sorghum sirup, 476
  • Soups, 77
  • composition, 78
  • preparation of stock, 77
  • Sour-sop, 343
  • Spaghetti, 270
  • Spanish mackerel, 144
  • Squash, 299
  • Star-apple, 366
  • Starch, 9
  • in sausages, 55
  • Starches, adulteration, 322
  • as foods, 317
  • Steam lard, 68
  • Sterilization, 42
  • Sterilizing meats, general observations, 62
  • Stilton cheese, manufacture, 205
  • Storage, length, 22
  • Strawberry, 343
  • Striped bass, 146
  • Sturgeon, 144
  • Sugar, 9
  • adulteration, 471
  • application of name, 455
  • as food, 472
  • beets, cultivation, 458
  • geographic area, 459
  • yield, 460
  • cane, growth, 465
  • corn, 226
  • lost in fermentation, 259
  • origin, 455
  • refining, 469, 470
  • world production, 471
  • Sunflower oil, 409
  • Sulfurous acid, 334
  • Sweet basil, 326
  • corn, 226
  • adulterations, 228
  • potatoes, 299, 300
  • acreage and yield, 303
  • average composition, 303
  • changes during storage, 302
  • composition, 301, 302
  • cultivation, 300
  • yield, 301
  • Sweet-sop, 344
  • T.
  • Tamarind, 366
  • composition, 367
  • Tannin, 334
  • Tapioca, 320
  • adulteration, 321
  • Tautog, 147
  • Terrapin, 157
  • Tetanus germs, 91, 92
  • Thyme, 326
  • Tilefish, 147
  • Tinning, 42
  • Toadstools, 434
  • Tomatoes, adulteration of canned, 315
  • canned, 314
  • composition of canned, 315
  • Tongue, adulteration of canned, 50
  • canned, 50
  • Treacle, 481
  • Tropical fruits, ash, 367
  • Trout, 147
  • Truffles, 450
  • adulteration, 453
  • cultivation, 451
  • geographic distribution, 451
  • harvesting, 451, 452
  • properties, 453
  • varieties, 451
  • Tuberculosis, 13
  • Turbot, 149
  • Turkey, 107
  • adulteration of potted, 102
  • composition, 108
  • Turnip, 304
  • V.
  • Veal, commercial cuts, 18
  • Vegetable, definition, 272
  • oils, edible, 393
  • Vegetables, canned, 305
  • succulent, 274
  • value, 273
  • Vegetarianism, 93
  • W.
  • Wall-eyed pike, 134
  • Walnuts, 426
  • English, 427
  • white, 427
  • Watermelon, 284, 285
  • Weakfish, 149
  • Weight, relative of canned and fresh meat, 48
  • Wheat, 239
  • acreage and yield, 240
  • comparative digestibility, 257
  • composition, 240
  • products, 242
  • standards, 241
  • starch, 241
  • Whey, 179
  • composition, 179
  • Whitefish, 150
  • White grease, 70
  • X.
  • Xanthin bases, 90
  • Y.
  • Yam, 304
  • Yeast, 250
  • Yellow grease, 71