Leaf Margins—Toothed
(Leaves alternate on twig)
TREES THAT PREFER WET SITES
- Page
- Baldcypress 25
- Water Hickory 31
- Corkwood 35
- Cottonwood 36
- Black Willow 37
- Blue Beech (Hornbeam) 38
- Ironwood (Hophornbeam) 39
- Red Birch (River Birch) 40
- Water Oak 48
- Willow Oak 49
- Bur Oak 57
- Overcup Oak 58
- Swamp Chestnut Oak 59
- Sweetbay 71
- Sweetgum 76
- The Hawthorns 78, 79
- Waterlocust 90
- Poison-Sumac 95
- Yaupon 97
- Blackgum (Black Tupelo) 105
- Tupelo-Gum (Water Tupelo) 106
- Water Ash 113
- Swamp Privet 116
- Alder 123
HARDWOOD TREES WITH EVERGREEN LEAVES
- Page
- Live Oak 52
- Southern Magnolia 70
- Redbay 73
- American Holly 96
- Yaupon 97
- Tree Sparkleberry (Tree Huckleberry) 108
- Baretta 124
TREES WHOSE LEAVES TURN RED IN AUTUMN
- Page
- Red Oak 46
- Sweetgum 76
- The Hawthorns 78
- The Sumacs 94
- Red Maple 99
- Blackgum 105
- Flowering Dogwood 107
- Sugar Maple (yellow as well) 126
TREES WHOSE LEAVES TURN YELLOW IN AUTUMN
- Page
- The Hickories 29-34
- The Cottonwoods 36, 123
- Black Willow 37
- Hophornbeam (Blue Beech) 38
- River Birch 40
- Most of the Oaks (except Red Oak) 43-60
- Bios-d’arc (Osage Orange) 69
- Southern Magnolia 70
- Pawpaw 72
- Mesquite 87
- Redbud 88
- Hercules-Club 92
- Red Maple 99
- Ohio Buckeye 101
- Devils-Walkingstick 104
- The Ashes 113-115, 128
- Fringetree 117
- Catalpa 118
- Sugar Maple (red as well) 126
TREES WITH SEEDS WINGED OR WITH PARACHUTE-LIKE ATTACHMENTS
- Page
- The Cottonwoods 36, 123
- Black Willow 37
- American Hornbeam (Blue Beech) 38
- Ironwood 39
- River Birch 40
- The Elms 61-64
- Planer Tree 65
- Sweetgum 76
- American Sycamore 77
- Hoptree 93
- The Maples 98-99, 126
- The Basswoods 103, 126
- Silverbell 112
- The Ashes 113-115, 128
- Catalpa 118
- Desertwillow 119
- Buttonbush 120
- Alder 123
- Tree of Heaven 125
TREES WITH SOFT BERRY-LIKE FRUIT
- Page
- The Hackberries 66, 67
- The Mulberries 68
- Osage Orange (Bois-d’arc) 69
- Redbay 73
- Sassafras 74
- The Hawthorns 78-79
- The Cherries and Plums 80-83
- American Holly 96
- Yaupon 97
- Black and Tupelo Gum 105, 106
- Dogwood 107
- Tree Sparkleberry (Tree Huckleberry) 108
- Gum Bumelia (Gum Elastic) 109
- Persimmon 110, 127
- Fringetree 117
- Rusty Blackhaw 121
TREES WHICH PRODUCE NUTS
- Page
- The Walnuts 28
- The Hickories 29-34
- American Beech 41
- Chinkapin 42
- The Oaks 43-60
- Ohio Buckeye 101
TREES WITH PODS AS FRUIT
- Page
- Corkwood 35
- Texas Ebony 84
- Catclaw Acacia 85
- Leadtree (Mimosa) 86, 124
- Mesquite 87
- Redbud 88
- Honeylocust 89
- Waterlocust 90
- Black Locust 91
- Catalpa 118
- Desertwillow 119
- Huisache (Sweet Acacia) 123
- Guajillo 123
- Coral Bean 124
- Mexican Leadtree 124
TREES WITH BRIGHT RED FRUIT
TREES WITH SPINES OR THORNS
- Page
- Osage-Orange (Bois-d’arc) 69
- The Hawthorns 78, 79
- Texas Ebony 84
- Catclaw Acacia 85
- Leadtree (Mimosa) 86, 124
- Mesquite 87
- Honeylocust 89
- Waterlocust 90
- Black Locust 91
- Prickly Ash 92
- Devils-Walkingstick 104
- Huisache (Sweet Acacia) 123
TREES WITH CORKY PROJECTIONS ON TWIGS
TREES WHOSE TWIGS HAVE A CHAMBERED PITH
TREES KNOWN BY THE COLOR AND SHAPE OF THE TWIG PITH
- Page
- Star-shaped in Cross-section
- The Cottonwoods 36, 123
- The Oaks 43-60
- Triangular in Cross-section
- Alder 123
- Brown in Color
- The Walnuts 28
- The Sumacs 94
TREES WITH SINGLE LARGE FLOWERS
TREES WITH FLOWERS IN CLUSTERS
- Page
- Redbay 73
- The Hawthorns 78-79
- The Plums and Cherries 80-83
- Redbud 88
- Black Locust 91
- Devils-Walkingstick 92
- Hercules-Club 92
- Hoptree 93
- The Sumacs 94
- Poison-Sumac 95
- Yaupon 97
- Ohio Buckeye 101
- Western Soapberry 102
- The Basswoods 103, 126
- Flowering Dogwood 107
- Silverbell 112
- Fringetree 117
- Catalpa 118
- Rusty Blackhaw 121
TREES WHOSE BLOSSOMS APPEAR BEFORE OR WITH THE LEAVES
- Page
- The Walnuts 28
- The Hickories 29-34
- The Cottonwoods 36, 123
- Black Willow 37
- Ironwood 38
- Eastern Hophornbeam 39
- River Birch 40
- The Oaks 43-60
- The Elms 61-64
- Sassafras 74
- Redbud 88
- The Maples 98, 99, 126
- The Ashes 113-115, 128
- Alder 123
TREES WHOSE BLOSSOMS APPEAR AFTER THE LEAVES
- Page
- Chinkapin 42
- Magnolia 70
- Honeylocust 89
- Black Locust 91
- The Sumacs 94
- Ohio Buckeye 101
- Basswood 103, 126
- Flowering Dogwood 107
- Persimmon 110, 127
- Silverbell 112
- Fringetree 117
- Catalpa 118
- Mountain Maple 126
Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- A
- Achene—A small, hard, dry, 1-celled, indehiscent fruit.
- Acrid—Sharp or biting to the taste.
- Acuminate—Tapering at end to a gradual point.
- Acute—Terminating in a sharp angle.
- Aggregate fruit—Cluster of ripened ovaries produced from a single flower containing numerous pistils inserted on a common receptacle. Example: fruit of magnolia or blackberry.
- Alternate—Not opposite on the axis, but borne at regular intervals at different levels.
- Anther—Pollen-bearing structure of a stamen.
- Apex—The tip or end of a bud or leaf, i.e., the part opposite the base.
- Apical—Pertaining to the tip, end, or apex.
- Appressed—Lying tight or close against.
- Aromatic—Fragrant; with a pleasing odor.
- Astringent—Contracting; drawing together.
- Axil—The upper angle formed by a leaf or branch with a stem.
- Axis—The central line of an organ; a stem.
- B
- Bark—The outer covering of a trunk or branch.
- Basal—Pertaining to or situated at the base.
- Berry—A fruit which is fleshy or pulpy throughout, and with several seeds imbedded in the pulpy mass.
- Bisexual—Having both stamens and pistils, i.e., male and female.
- Bloom—A powdery or somewhat waxy substance easily rubbed off. Also, to produce or yield blossoms.
- Bole—The main axis or trunk of a tree.
- Bract—Modified leaf subtending a flower or belonging to an inflorescence.
- Bud-scales—Modified leaves covering a bud.
- Bundle-scars—Scars on the surface of a leaf-scar. Severed ends of the fibro-vascular bundles which connected the twigs with the leaves.
- C
- Calyx—The outer perianth or floral envelope, usually green in color; sepals, collectively.
- Cambium—A thin-walled formative tissue between the bark and wood. The active growing portion of the tree.
- Carpel—A simple pistil or one member of a compound pistil.
- Capsule—A dry fruit composed of more than one carpel and splitting open at maturity.
- Catkin—An ament or spike of unisexual flowers.
- Chambered—Said of the pith when interrupted by hollow spaces at rather regular intervals.
- Ciliate—Fringed with hairs on the margin.
- Collateral—Accessory buds at the sides of auxiliary buds.
- Compound—Composed of two or more similar parts united in a whole.
- Conical—Cone-shaped.
- Conifers—A group of trees which usually produce their fruit in the form of a cone or modified cone.
- Coniferous—Cone-bearing.
- Corolla—The petals of a flower collectively.
- Cordate—Heart-shaped.
- Crenate—Rounded teeth.
- Crown—The upper mass of branches; also known as head.
- Cuneate—Wedge-shaped.
- D
- Deciduous—Falling off, usually at the close of the season.
- Defoliation—Removal of foliage.
- Dehiscent—Splitting open at maturity.
- Deliquescent—Said of the form of a tree with a broad spreading habit. The branches sub-divide until they apparently disappear.
- Deltoid—Triangular like Greek symbol for delta.
- Dentate—Toothed, usually with the teeth directed outwards.
- Diffuse-porous—Equal-pored. Said of wood when pores in a growth ring are equal in size.
- Dioecious—Unisexual, with the staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants.
- Disseminated—Scattered, thrown, broadcast.
- Divergent—Pointing away; extending out. Said of buds which point away from the twigs.
- Downy—Covered with fine hairs.
- Drupe—A fleshy fruit with a pit or stone like a cherry.
- E
- Elliptical—Shaped like an ellipse with sloping ends.
- Elongated—Long, drawn out.
- Entire-margined—Margin smooth, not cut or toothed.
- Excurrent—Said of a tree with a continuous trunk and erect habit of growth.
- Exfoliation—Splitting or cleaving off of outer layers of bark.
- Exotic—Of foreign origin.
- Exudation—Oozing out of sap, resin, or other juice.
- F
- Fascicle—A close bundle or cluster.
- Fetid—Ill smelling.
- Fissures—Grooves, furrows, or channels as in the bark.
- Fluted—Grooved, corrugated, channeled.
- Follicle—A dry fruit produced from a simple pistil and dehiscing along one line of suture.
- Fruit—The ripened ovary of a flower.
- G
- Glabrate—Somewhat glabrous or becoming glabrate.
- Glabrous—Smooth, without hairs.
- Glandular—Bearing glands or gland-like.
- Glaucous—Covered with a bluish or whitish waxy coating; a bloom.
- Globose—Ball-like or nearly so.
- Globular—Ball-like.
- H
- Habitat—Site or place of growth.
- Hardwood—A collective term for broad-leaved trees, the wood of which may or may not be dense.
- Heartwood—The physiologically dead, central, usually darker colored portion of the tree trunk.
- Hybrid—A crossbreed of two species.
- I
- Increment—Growth; increase.
- Incised—Divided into lobes separated by narrow or acute sinuses which extend halfway or more to midrib.
- Indehiscent—Applied to fruits that do not split open to discharge the seeds, remaining closed at maturity.
- Indigenous—Applied to plants that are native to a certain locality. Not introduced.
- Intolerant—Not shade enduring. Requiring sunlight.
- Involucre—A cluster of bracts subtending a flower.
- L
- Lamina—The blade or flattened portion of a leaf.
- Lanceolate—Shaped like a lance; several times longer than wide, and growing to a point.
- Lateral—Situated on the side, as the buds along the side of the twig.
- Leaflets—One of the small blades or divisions of a compound leaf.
- Leaf-scar—The scar left after a leaf falls.
- Lenticel—A corky growth on young or sometimes older bark, which admits air to the interior of the twig or branch.
- Linear—Line-like, long and narrow, with parallel edges.
- Lobed—Said of leaves that have the margins more or less cut or divided.
- M
- Medullary—Pertaining to the pith or medulla.
- Medullary Ray—Radial lines of tissues crossing the growth of rings at right angles and extending into the bark.
- Midrib—The central or main rib or vein of a leaf.
- Monoecious—Bearing male and female flower parts in separate flowers on the same plant.
- Mucilaginous—Slimy or gummy when touched or chewed.
- Multiple fruit—A cluster of fruits of separate flowers crowded together and forming what appears to be a single fruit. Examples: mulberry, strawberry, osage-orange fruits.
- N
- Naked—Said of buds without scales, and seeds without a covering.
- Naval Stores—Refers to tar, turpentine, resin, etc.
- Node—A place on a twig where one or more leaves originate.
- Nut—A dry, 1-seeded, fruit with a hard indehiscent covering and encased partly or wholly in an involucre or husk.
- Nutlet—A small nut.
- O
- Oblique—Slanting, uneven. Uneven sided.
- Oblong—About twice as long as wide, the sides nearly parallel.
- Obovate—Reversed egg-shaped.
- Obtuse—Blunt
- Opposite—Said of leaves and buds, directly across from each other.
- Orbicular—Circular.
- Oval—Rounded.
- Ovate—Egg-shaped.
- Ovoid—Egg-shaped or nearly so.
- P
- Palmate—Radiately lobed or divided from the petiole; hand-like as leaflets of buckeye.
- Panicle—A loose, irregularly compound flower cluster with flowers on pedicels.
- Pedicel—The support or stem of a single flower or fruit in a cluster.
- Peduncle—A primary flower stalk supporting a cluster of flowers or a solitary flower, later the fruit. A fruit-stem.
- Perennial—Lasting for more than one year.
- Persistent—Remaining after blooming, fruiting, or maturing.
- Petiole—The stalk of a leaf.
- Pinnate—Feather-like with leaflets on both sides of rachis or leaf stalk.
- Pistil—Seed bearing organ of flower. May consist of stigma, style, and ovary.
- Pith—The soft central part of a twig or stem.
- Pod—Any dry, one chambered, dehiscent fruit.
- Pollen—The dust-like substance from the anthers of a flower.
- Pollination—The process of bringing the pollen of the male flower in contact with the stigma of the female flower.
- Pome—A fleshy fruit with a core, such as the apple or pear.
- Porous—With open tubes (through wood).
- Prickle—A sharp-pointed, needle-like outgrowth.
- Pubescent—With short, soft, down-like hairs.
- Pungent—Acrid or sharp to smell.
- Pyramidal—Shaped like a pyramid with the broadest part near the base.