This volume provides systematic descriptions, anatomical analyses, and extensive illustrations of fossil gymnosperms from the Paleozoic record. It examines seed-ferns and medullosan stems, various cycad-like trunks and fronds, cordaitean wood and foliage, and a wide range of fossil gymnosperm seeds. Each section combines morphological description, tissue and vascular anatomy, and taxonomic commentary to aid identification and comparison. Emphasis is placed on structural characters used in classification and on the morphological diversity preserved across different fossil genera and organs.