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French Classics

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About This Book

A guided anthology and critical survey offering readers concise introductory essays and English translations of representative passages that illuminate the development, genres, and stylistic qualities of French letters. It pairs critical commentary with selected excerpts to demonstrate characteristic strengths—clarity, wit, theatrical skill, and aphoristic thought—while noting relative weaknesses such as less prominence in lyric verse. Selections range from medieval lyric and chivalric material through satire, moralist maxims, drama, philosophical and historical prose to more recent fiction and criticism, and the volume closes with an epilogue and index for further study.

Ab´é-lard, Pierre (1079-1142), 13.

Academy, French, 16, 62, 119, 238, 264.

Æs´chy-lus, 77, 118, 127, 128.

Æsop, 69.

Alembert. See D’Alembert.

Al-ex-an´der (the Great), 12, 103.

AM’I-EL, Henri Frédéric, 313-318.

Am-y-ot´ (am-e-o´), Jacques (1513-1593), 14.

An-ac´re-on, 256.

Anderson, Melville B., 281.

An´ge-lo, Michael, 120, 282.

Ariosto, 208.

Ar-is-toph´a-nes, 32.

Ar-nauld´ (ar-no´), Antoine (1612-1694), 94.

Arnold, Matthew, 248, 276, 291, 298, 299.

Arthur (King), 12.

Attwell, Henry, 309.

Au´-gus-tine, St., Latin Christian Father, 67.

Au-gus´tus (the emperor), 103.

Bacon, Francis, 43, 53.

Baker, Jehu, 185.

BAL´ZAC, Honoré de (1799-1850), 174, 275, 293-298, 303.

Bal´zac, Jean Louis Guez de (1594-1654), 15, 16.

Beau-mar-chais´ (bō-mar-sh´ā), Pierre Augustin Caron de (1732-1799), 239.

BÉ-RAN-GER (ba-roN-zhā´), Pierre Jean de (1780-1857), 13, 256-263.

Ber-si-er´ (bêr-see-ā´), Eugène, 157

Bismarck, 244.

Boi-leau´-Des-pré-aux´(bwä-lō-dā-prā-o´), Nicolas (1636-1711), 14, 17, 18, 67, 68, 127, 128, 130, 285, 311, 319.

Bolton, A. S., 57.

BOS-SU-ET´ (bo-sü-ā´), Jacques Bénigne (1627-1704), 16, 17, 62, 63, 100, 127, 129, 137-142, 153, 154, 157, 158, 161, 162, 184, 286-293, 311.

BOUR-DA-LOUE´, Louis (1632-1704), 10, 17, 63, 111, 115, 137, 140, 142-148, 150, 151, 291, 292.

Bryant, William Cullen, 69, 70.

Bryce, James, 192.

Buckle, Henry Thomas, 189.

Buffon (bü-foN), Georges Louis Leclerc de (1707-1788), 238, 309.

Bur´gun-dy, Duke of (1682-1712), 133, 136, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165.

Burke, Edmund, 43, 61, 192.

Burns, Robert, 256.

Bussy (büs-se´), Count, 106.

By´ron, Lord, 43, 307.

Cæsar, Julius, 48, 103.

Calas (cä-lä´), Jean, 211.

Calvin, John (1509-1564), 13.

Carlyle, Thomas, 209, 212.

Catherine (Empress of Russia), 237.

Cham-fort´ (shäN-for´), Sebastien Nicolas (1741-1794), 69, 261, 318.

Char-le-magne (shar-le-mān), 12.

Charles I. (of England), 129, 139.

Charles IX. (of France), 53.

CHA-TEAU-BRI-AND´(shä-tō-bre-äN´) François Auguste de (1768-1848), 10, 18, 159, 175, 226, 229, 248-255, 276, 311, 315.

Cicero, 63, 310.

“Classicism,” 15, 18, 275, 276.

Claude (klōd), Jean (1619-1687), 137.

Coleridge, S. T., 13, 33, 38, 39.

Comines (ko-meen´), Philippe de (1445-1509), 13, 26, 29.

Condé (koN-dä´), Prince of, “The Great Condé” (1621-1686), 112.

Condillac (koN-de-yäk), Etienne Bonnot de (1715-1780), 238.

Condorcet (koN-dor-sā´), Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat de (1743-1794), 100, 101.

Constant (koN-sto´N), Benjamin (1767-1830), 243.

Coquerel (kok-rel´), Athanase Laurent Charles (1795-1868), 157.

CORNEILLE (kor-nāl´), Pierre (1606-1684), 10, 16, 17, 19, 64, 65, 117-127, 129, 137, 138, 200, 285, 291, 292.

Cotin (ko-tăN´) Abbé (17th century), 81, 319.

Cotton, Charles (1630-1687), 40, 43, 45.

Cousin (koo-zăN´), Victor (1792-1867), 101, 290, 291, 320.

Cowper, William, 173.

D’Alembert (dä-läN-bêr´), Jean le Rond (1717-1783), 17, 219, 238.

Dante, Alighieri, 76, 77, 91, 281.

Demosthenes, 63.

Descartes (dā-kärt´), René (1596-1650), 16, 86, 92.

D’Holbach (dol-băk´), properly, Holbach, Paul Henri Thyry, (1723-1789), 238.

Dickens, Charles, 33, 116, 295, 296.

DIDEROT (de-drō), Denis (1713-1784), 17, 191, 209, 236, 237, 238, 285.

Dryden, John, 43, 127.

Duclos (dü-klō´), Charles Pineau (1704-1772), 238.

Écrasez l’Infâme,” 210.

Edward (the Black Prince), 24, 26.

Edwards, President Jonathan, 145.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 43, 45, 52.

Encyclopædists, 17, 167, 209, 235-239, 249.

Epictetus, 54.

Erasmus, 39, 99.

Euripides, 64, 118, 127, 129.

Fabliaux (fab´le-ō´), 12.

Faugère (fo-zhér´), Armand Prosper (1810), 101.

Félix, Père, 157.

Fénelon (fān-loN´), François de Salignac de la Mothe (1651-1715), 17, 134, 137, 153, 158-173, 310, 315.

Fléchier (flāche-ā´), Esprit (1632-1710), 137.

Foix (fwä), Count of, 27, 28.

FROISSART (frwä-sar´), Jean (1337-1410?), 13, 22-29.

Gaillard (gā-yar´), Gabriel Henri (1726-1806), 119.

Gargant´ua, 29, 34-37.

Gibbon, Edward, 118, 241.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 184, 229, 244, 245, 281, 305, 317.

Goldsmith, Oliver, 67, 184, 269.

Grignan (green-yäN´), Madame de, 108.

Grimm, Friedrich Melchior (1723-1807), 238.

Grimm, Herman, 244.

Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874), 199, 320.

Guyon (ğe-yoN´) Madame (1648-1717), 161, 172, 173.

Hallam, Henry, 21, 33.

Havet (ä-vā´) (editor of Pascal’s works), 101.

Hawkesworth, Doctor, 169.

Hazlitt, William Carew, 43.

Helvétius (el-vā-se-üss´), Claude Adrien (1715-1771), 238.

Henriette, Princess, 129, 139.

Henry of Navarre (Henri IV. of France), 53, 202.

Herodotus, 13, 22, 310.

Holbach. See D’Holbach.

Homer, 14, 31, 32, 77, 206, 208, 310.

Hooker (“The Judicious”), 158.

Horace, 32, 206, 256, 310.

HUGO (ü-go´), VICTOR Marie (1802-1885), 18, 19, 77, 256, 257, 274, 275-285, 315, 316.

Hume, David, 43, 226.

Hutson, Charles W., 21.

Hyacinthe (e´ä´saN), Père (1827-), 157.

Job, 77, 161, 281.

Johnes, Thomas, 22.

Joinville (zhwăN-veel´), Jean de (1224?-1319?), 13.

JOUBERT (zhoo´bār), Joseph (1754-1824), 65, 307-311.

Julian (The Apostate), 135.

Juvenal, 62.

La Boëtie (lä-bo-ā-tē´), 49, 50.

Laboulaye (lā´boo-lā´), Edouard René Lefebvre, 196.

LA BRUYÈRE (lä-brü-e-yêr´), Jean (1646?-1696), 17, 62-64, 118, 138, 311, 318.

Lacordaire (la-kor-dêr´), Jean Baptiste Henri (1802-1861), 157.

LA FONTAINE (lä-foN-tān´) Jean de (1621-1695), 17, 66-75.

La Harpe (lä-arp), Jean François de, 290.

LAMARTINE (lä-mar-tēn´), Alphonse Marie Louis de (1790-1869), 18, 159, 175, 229, 263-274, 287, 289, 290, 291.

Lang, Andrew, 280, 319.

Langue d’oc, 11.

Langue d’oïl, 11.

Lanier, Sidney, 27.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD (lä-rōsh-foo-kō´), François, Duc de (1613-1680), 17, 43, 55-62, 103, 106, 114.

Longfellow, Henry W., 44.

Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, 316.

Louis IX. (1215-1270) (St. Louis), 12, 13.

Louis XI. (1423-1483), 13.

Louis XIII. (1601-1643), 15, 77, 291.

Louis XIV. (1638-1715) (Quatorze), 15, 17, 106, 130, 133, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 148, 149, 157, 159, 166, 167, 170, 291.

Louis XV. (1710-1774), 149, 212.

Louis XVIII. (1755-1824), 249.

Louis Napoleon (1808-1873), 193, 259, 261, 266, 277.

Louis Philippe (1773-1850), 192, 199, 249, 257, 264.

Lucan, 117, 118, 201.

Lucretius, 77, 127.

Luther, Martin, 13, 37.

Machiavelli, 192.

Maintenon (mäN-teh-noN´), Madame de (1635-1719), 130, 136, 142, 161, 162.

Maistre (mêtr), Joseph Marie de (1753-1821), 255.

Malherbe (mäl-êrb´), François (1555-1628), 15, 18.

Martin (mar täN´), Henri (1810- ), 138.

MASSILLON (mäs-se-yŏN´), Jean Baptiste (1663-1742), 10, 17, 115, 137, 142, 147, 148-153, 157, 311.

Matthews, William, 287.

Maury, the Abbé, 290.

McCarthy, Justin, 300.

M’Crie, Thomas, 94.

Menander, 75.

Milton, John, 75, 137, 158, 207, 208.

MOLIÈRE (mo lei-êr´) (real name, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, 1622-1673) 17, 19, 67, 75-91, 100, 119, 126, 127, 176, 201, 311, 319.

Moltke, Count von, 194, 244.

Monod (mo´no´), Adolphe, 157.

Monod, Frédéric, 157.

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 116.

MONTAIGNE (mon-tän´), Michel Eyquem de (1533-1592), 10, 13, 14, 40-54, 56, 61, 103, 190, 214.

Montespan (moN-těss-pâN’), Madame de (1641-1707), 109.

MONTESQUIEU (moN-těs-ke-uh´), Charles de Secondat de (1689-1755,), 17, 167, 184-191, 192, 199, 311, 320.

Morley, John, 118, 203, 209, 237.

Motteux, Peter Anthony (1660-1718), 30.

MUSSET (mü-sá´), (1810-1857), Alfred de, 275, 303-307.

Musset, Paul de, 305.

Napoleon Bonaparte, 18, 153, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248, 249, 259, 282.

Nettleton, W. A., 91.

Newton, Sir Isaac, 92.

Nicole (ne-kol´), Pierre (1625-1695), 10, 114, 128.

“Obscurantism” (disposition in the sphere of the intellect to love darkness rather than light), 210.

Pan-tag´ru-el, 29, 35, 37, 38.

Panurge (pä-nürzh´), 37, 38.

PASCAL, Blaise (1623-1662), 10, 16, 17, 43, 52, 54, 65, 91-104, 115, 145, 310, 311, 318.

Pascal, Jacqueline, 92.

Pericles, 247.

Petrarch, Francesco, 23.

Phædrus, 69.

Pindar, 256.

Plato, 30, 45, 188, 208, 240, 318.

“Pleiades” (ple´ya-dez), 14, 15, 18.

Plutarch, 14, 31, 42, 48, 215.

“Pó-co-cu´rant-ism,” 208.

Pompadour, Madame de (1721-1764), 212.

Pompey, 48.

Pope, Alexander, 43, 127.

Poquelin (po-ke-lâN´). See Molière.

Port Royal, 94, 100, 128, 287.

Pradon (prä-doN’), 129, 130.

Provençal (pro-vaN-sal), 11.

Ptolemy Philadelphus, 14.

RABELAIS (rä-blā), François (1495?-1553?), 10, 13, 29-39, 50, 54, 67, 113, 114.

RACINE (rä-seen´), Jean (1639-1699), 17, 64, 65, 67, 117, 118, 127-137, 153, 285, 291, 292, 311.

Rambouillet (rŏN-boo-yā), Hôtel de, 15, 16, 81, 84, 120, 138, 288.

Récamier (rā-kā-me-ā´) Madame (1777-1849), 16, 239, 240, 244, 255.

Renan (reh-nŏN´), Joseph Ernest (1823), 285.

Richelieu (rēsh-le-uh´), Cardinal, (1585-1642), 15, 16, 77, 119, 291.

“Romanticism,” 18, 275, 276.

Ronsard (roN-sar´), Pierre de, (1524-1585), 14, 15, 319.

Rousseau (roo-sō´), Jean Baptiste (1670-1741), 212.

ROUSSEAU, Jean Jacques (1712-1778), 10, 17, 18, 48, 159, 167, 175, 209, 212-228, 229, 234, 238, 239, 249, 311.

Roux (roo), Joseph (living), 318.

Ruskin, John, 60.

Rutebeuf (rü-te-buf´) (b. 1230), trouvère, 12.

Sablière (sä-bli-êr´), Madame de la, 67, 68.

Saci (sä-se´), M. de, 54.

Saintsbury, George, 20, 49, 298, 301.

SAINTE-BEUVE (săNt-buv´), Charles Augustin (1804-1869), 15, 18, 142, 145, 148, 190, 255, 256, 275, 285-293.

SAND (säNd), GEORGE (Madame Dudevant, 1804-1876), 10, 18, 175, 229, 234, 275, 298-303, 304.

SAURIN (sō-răN´), Jacques (1677-1730), 137, 153-157.

Scott, Sir Walter, 13, 22, 26, 85.

Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 243.

Selden, John (“The learned”), 158.

Seneca, 42.

SÉVIGNÉ (sā-vēn-yā´), Madame de, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal (1626-1696), 16, 85, 105-117, 129, 320.

Shakespeare, 19, 43, 53, 75, 77, 91, 174, 201, 281.

Smollett, Tobias George, 176.

Socrates, 30, 227, 251.

Sophocles, 64, 118, 127, 128, 291, 310.

STAEL(-Holstein) (stä-ěl-ol-stăN´), Anne Louise Germanie de (1766-1817), 18, 229, 239-247, 248.

Stanislaus (King of Poland), 237.

St. John, Bayle, 48, 49, 50.

ST. PIERRE, Jacques Henri Bernardin de (1737-1814), 228-235, 311, 320,

St. Simon, 159, 160.

SWETCHINE (svetch-een´), Anne Sophie, (1782-1857), 311, 313, 318.

Swift, Dean, 35.

Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 77, 276.

Tacitus, 13, 129.

Taine, H. (1828), 188, 286.

Tasso, 208.

Thibaud (tē bŏ´), troubadour (1201-1253), 12, 13.

Thiers (te êr´), Louis Adolphe (1797-1877), 320.

Thucydides, 247.

TOCQUEVILLE (tŏk-veel´), Alexis Charles Henri Clerel de (1805-1859), 191-199.

Troubadour, 11.

Trouvère, 11, 12.

Turgot (tür-gö´), Anne Robert Jacques (1727-1781), 238, 320.

Urquhart, Sir Thomas, 30.

Van Laun, H., 20.

VAUVENARGUES (vō-ve-narg´), Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de (1715-1747), 64-66, 318.

Villehardouin (vēl-ar-doo-ăN´), Geoffroy (1165?-1213?), 13.

Villemain (věl-măN´), Abel François (1790-1870), 93.

Virgil, 11, 14, 65, 127, 130, 206, 310, 311.

Voiture (vwä-tŭr´), Vincent (1598-1648), 16.

VOLTAIRE (vol-têr´), François Marie Arouet de (1694-1778), 10, 17, 35, 43, 56, 65, 100, 118, 124, 125, 126, 128, 152, 167, 190, 199-212, 238, 239, 245, 248, 249, 285, 311.

Wall, C. H., 85.

Walpole, Horace, 116.

Warens (vä-raN), Madame de, 217, 218, 220, 225.

Washington, George, 250.

Webster, Daniel, 141, 290.

Wormeley, Katharine Prescott, 297, 298, 302.

Wright, Elizur, 69.

Xenophon, 310.

Young, William, 261.