Transcriber's Note:
Clicking on each plate, below, will take you to a larger image.
PLATE I.
Specimens of Spongilla preserved in spirit.
| Figs. 1-3. | S. (Euspongilla) alba var. bengalensis (nat. size) from ponds of brackish water at Port Canning in the delta of the Ganges. Fig. 1 represents the type-specimen of the variety, and was taken in the winter of 1905-6. Figs. 2 and 3 represent specimens taken in the same ponds in the winters of 1907 and 1908 respectively. |
| Fig. 4. | Spongilla sp. (? abnormal form of S. (Eunapius carteri)) from an aquarium in Calcutta (× 10). |
PLATE II.
Photographs of dried specimens of Spongilla, Tubella, AND Corvospongilla.
| Fig. 1. | Part of a large specimen of S. (Eunapius) carteri from Calcutta, to show the conspicuous rounded oscula (reduced). |
| Fig. 2. | Gemmules of S. (Stratospongilla) bombayensis on a stone from the edge of Igatpuri Lake, Bombay Presidency (nat. size). |
| Fig. 3. | Part of one of the type-specimens of S. (Stratospongilla) ultima from Cape Comorin, Travancore, to show the star-shaped oscula (slightly enlarged). |
| Fig. 4. | Part of the type specimen of T. vesparioides (external membrane destroyed), to show the reticulate skeleton and the numerous gemmules (nat. size). |
| Fig. 5. | Part of a schizotype of C. burmanica to show the elevated oscula (nat. size). |
PLATE III.
Photographs of specimens of Plumatella, Lophopodella, and Pectinatella.
| Fig. 1. | Specimen in spirit of P. fruticosa (typical form) on the leaf of a bulrush from a pond in the Calcutta Zoological Gardens (nat. size). |
| Fig. 2. | A small zoarium of the benedeni phase of P. emarginata from Rangoon (nat. size). Part of the mass has been removed at one end to show the structure. The specimen was preserved in spirit. |
| Fig. 3. | Part of a large zoarium of P. diffusa on a log of wood from Gangtok, Sikhim (nat. size). An enlarged figure of another part of the same specimen is given in fig. 2, Pl. IV. The specimen was preserved in spirit. |
| Figs. 4, 4 a. | Specimens of L. carteri from Igatpuri Lake, Bombay, preserved in formalin. Fig. 4 represents a mass of polyparia surrounded by a green gelatinous alga on the stem of a water-plant; fig. 4a an isolated polyparium with the polypides fully expanded from the under surface of a stone in the same lake. Both figures are of natural size. |
| Fig. 5. | Part of a compound colony of P. burmanica on the stem of a reed from the Sur Lake, Orissa (nat. size, preserved in formalin). |
PLATE IV.
Specimens of Plumatella.
| Fig. 1. | Vertical branch of a polyparium of P. emarginata from Calcutta, to show method of branching (× 8). The specimen was preserved in formalin, stained with hæmalum, and after dehydration and clearing, mounted in canada balsam. |
| Fig. 1 a. | Part of a young, horizontal zoarium of P. emarginata from Rangoon (× 4, preserved in spirit). |
| Fig. 2. | Part of a zoarium of P. diffusa from Gangtok, Sikhim (× 4). See Pl. III, fig. 3. |
| Figs. 3, 3 a. | Specimens in spirit of P. allmani from Bhim Tal (lake), W. Himalayas. Fig. 3 represents a mature polyparium; fig. 3 a a young polyparium to which the valves of the statoblast (×) whence it had arisen are still attached. |
| Fig. 4. | Part of a zoarium of the coralloides phase of P. fruticosa (from Calcutta) preserved in spirit, as seen on the surface of the sponge in which it is embedded (× 3). |
| Fig. 5. | Part of the margin of a living polyparium of P. punctata from Calcutta (× 8) with the polypides fully expanded. |
PLATE V.
Specimens of Plumatella, Stolella, and Pectinatella.
| Fig. 1. | Part of a zoarium of the coralloides phase of P. fruticosa (× 10) from Calcutta. The specimen, which was preserved in spirit, had been removed from a sponge of Spongilla carteri. |
| Fig. 2. | Terminal branch of a polyparium of P. punctata from Calcutta (× 30). The specimen was preserved in formalin, stained with hæmatoxylin, and finally mounted in canada balsam. |
| Fig. 3. | Part of an adult polyparium of S. indica from the United Provinces (× 30). The specimen was preserved in formalin, stained with hæmalum, and finally mounted in canada balsam. The lower zoœcium contains a mature free statoblast, the upper one a fixed one. |
| Fig. 4. | The growing point of a young polyparium of the same species from Calcutta (× 30), to show the method of formation of the stolon that connects the different groups of zoœcia. The specimen had been treated in the same way as that represented in fig. 3. |
| Figs. 5, 5 a. | Zoaria from a compound colony of P. burmanica from the Sur Lake, Orissa (× 2). The specimens, which were preserved in formalin, are represented as seen from the adherent surface of the colony. |
Transcriber's Note:
In the Systematic Index, pages vii-viii, sub-family items were renumbered from 15. through 38., to correspond to the numbers used in the text of the book. Letters missing or mis-typeset were inserted, e.g. 'practica ly' to 'practically.' Footnotes were moved to the end of the section to which they pertain. Raised dots were replaced with decimal points in numeric notations. Prime marker for b' was added to Figure 20. Punctuation was standardized.
The remaining changes are indicated by dotted lines under the text. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear.