Line 9. Ägirs döttrar, the waves. See canto X: 11.
19. dar, dagar.
21. växer ut, assumes the form.
84. Eriksgata, from edh-vreks-gata (ed-givar-gata), the journey of early kings to receive the homage of their subjects. Some authorities see the origin of the word in the fact that Erik the Saint was supposed to be the first king to take one of these royal trips.
91. Disardalen, the valley of the gods where Balder's temple lay.
108. Loke, the evil giant-god, the enemy of all that was good.
129. Var, the goddess of plighted troth. She recorded the solemn promises of lovers and the marriage vows and avenged any violation of the same.
135. Balders Nanna. See canto I: 22.
145. sår högens säd, sows the seed of the funeral mound, i. e., takes life.
164. Vidar, the silent god, who next to Tor was the strongest among the asar. He avenges Oden in Ragnarök.
187. den dagen … från min runstav tagen. The early Scandinavians had some sort of calendars, consisting of runes carved on a staff.
198. Lofn, the mild and good goddess, and the deity of matrimony.
199. vite guden, Balder.
200. så när som, except.
CANTO XIII.
Stanza 2. då rår Höder för världen, then Höder (Öder) rules the world.
Höder, the blind brother of Balder, is the god of night and darkness.
7. Västervågor, the western sea.
12. din like, one like you.
17. Fritiof blygs, att han darrar, Fritiof is so ashamed that he trembles. The antecedent of han may be Björn and not Fritiof, the meaning then being, that the latter is ashamed because Björn trembles.
20. flödar, pours water.
22. eldröd hane. The red cock, the symbol of fire.
25. Muspels söner, the flames. Muspel or Muspelhem, the fire world, lay south of the abyss Ginnungagap and was guarded by the flame giant Surt.
CANTO XIV.
In the first part of this canto Fritiof gives free expression to his skepticism and to his contempt for the superstition of his day. See canto VIII, lines 145, 196, 197, 255; canto XIII, stanzas 3, 13. Such skepticism was common in Scandinavia just before the introduction of Christianity.
91. döna, for dåna.
123. gudabloden. Blod is neuter but here used as a gender noun.
175. nidingsstänger were pillars raised at crossroads or other conspicuous places to mock an enemy or to indicate that he was held in contempt by every one. At the top was the head of a horse and further down were comic inscriptions giving the name of the despised person and the nature of his offence.
179. till lands, on land, antiquated genitive. There are many similar expressions in Swedish.
190. Gudbrands däld, the valley of Gudbrand in central Norway.
196. springa, break.
202. Heimskringla, the earth. Note the apt figure Heimskringlas panna, meaning the Northland.
233. snögar, poetical form for snöar.
CANTO XV.
Stanza 3. Kort är hammarens skaft hos den segrande Tor. The handle of Tor's hammer, Mjölner, was very short; in his conflicts with the giants the god hurled it at the enemies. It always returned to his hand, no matter how far he might hurl it. Frej's sword, referred to, had the power of fighting successfully of its own accord as soon as it was drawn from the sheath.
4. den som stryker (segel), the one that lowers the sails, i.e., surrenders.
6. Valfader, Oden.
9. nu, equivalent to om.
15. vill du hälsas för vår, if you would be hailed as one of us.
15. Ljungaren, the thunderer, Tor.
CANTO XVI.
Stanza 4. holmgång, a duel, so called because originally fought on a small island (holme).
8. Hagbart, a Norse sea king, was secretly betrothed to Signe, daughter of Sigar, king of Seeland, who caused Hagbart to be captured and hanged. Signe then put fire to her chamber and perished in the flames. The tragic story formed a popular theme for Scandinavian bards.
8. rista blodörn, inscribe the blood eagle. This was a monstrous practice by which the Northmen sometimes wreaked vengeance upon their fallen enemies. The ribs were severed from the spinal column and bent outward in the form of wings and salt poured into the wounds, whereupon the entrails were torn out.
CANTO XVII.
Stanza 6. helt mycket, a great deal.
6. I Ånger är jag uppfödd, seq. Fritiof's dejection blinds his eyes to the happy conditions of his boyhood and youth. What he says is not true. Compare with cantos I and III.
7. bränner salt vid strand, boils the sea water to get a residue of salt. This occupation was carried on by the poor and the aged and was considered a very menial service.
14. nu var löftets timme, och in bärs Frejers galt. The yule time marked the return of light and was therefore an occasion for great rejoicing and sacrificing to Frej, the sun god. In his honor a roasted boar was placed on the table and with their hands on its head the warriors vowed that they would perform certain heroic deeds.
15. vinna, conquer.
18. i vinter, this winter.
24. helt skarpt, quite liberally, profusely.
24. ett ärligt julerus, a good yuletide spree.
CANTO XVIII.
Stanza 6. Sleipner, the eight-footed steed of Odin, which was swifter than the wind and never grew tired.
CANTO XIX.
Stansa 2. med kappor över öga. The falcons were trained for the hunt by starving them and keeping a hood over their eyes. This was removed just before the bird was released. It then rose perpendicularly and started in pursuit of its prey.
3. Rota, a valkyr.
5. Odens sal, heaven.
5. valkyrjan, the huntress.
7. Grubblar viking. This has a conditional meaning; om implied before the clause.
9. Ty de hata mänskors ätter. Fritiof had changed his ideas about the gods. See canto VIII: 235.
13-15. The birds give expression to Fritiof's own thoughts.
16. I, som aldrig skulle. The easier conversational form skulle is here used, rather than skullen, which the strict adherence to grammatical forms would require.
17. Nifelhem, the abode of mist and darkness.
25. varg i veum, wolf in the temple, i. e., profaner of the sanctuary.
CANTO XX.
Stanza 1. Skinfaxe, the shining steed of Dag, day.
3. vingade hästen, the ship.
10. rista geirs-odd, to take one's own life by wounding oneself with a lance.
13. blodiga drotter, bloody deeds of achievement.
13. ätthögens dotter, the peace that awaits him in another world.
14. gjallarhorn, the trumpet of Heimdall, the sentry of the gods. Gjallarhornet can be heard to the remotest part of the world. Upon it Heimdall would blow one terrific blast to summon the gods to the final conflict in Ragnarök.
CANTO XXI.
Stanza 4. Vanadis. Freja, having been born in Vanaheim, was also known as Vanadis.
5. bärsärk. See canto XI: 5.
9. dvärgarnas dag-glans, drakarnas bädd, gold. The dwarfs and dragons had a passionate desire for gold. Dvärgarnas dag-glans is an allusion to the belief that the subterranean caves of the dwarfs were illuminated by gold. Drakarnas bädd alludes to the supposition that all great treasures in caves were guarded by fierce dragons, as Fafner. See canto VIII: 164.
CANTO XXII.
Stanza 1. Budkavlen. Men were summoned to assemblies by staffs that were inscribed with runes and passed from house to house.
7. på öppet ting. See canto VIII: 87.
11. Odens ätt. See canto I: 35.
16. böndren, regular form, bönderna.
20. sköldemör, shield maidens. The valkyrs were sometimes called norns.
20. De bygga under tidens träd och ovanför. This refers to the norns who dwelt at the well of Urd by the world-tree Yggdrasil. But they also determine the fate of men on earth. Bygga means here build and dwell.
CANTO XXIII.
Stanza 2. o, den som, aldrig gungat däruppå! Note how Fritiof has changed his mind regarding life on the sea. Contrast this with canto XII: 143 seq.; XIV: 65 seq.; XIX: 27 seq.
5. Nidhögg, a dragon that was continually gnawing at the roots of Yggdrasil in order to bring about the destruction of the gods.
5. mörkrets värld, Nifelhem.
7. fromme gud, Balder.
9. Angantyr, a great warrior, who fell in a duel and was buried together with his famous sword, Tyrfing. His daughter Hervor appealed to him to give her the sword. This he did, at the same time predicting that it would some day bring disaster upon her and upon her people.
13. Breidablick, Balder's glittering palace, the most beautiful hall in Valhall. Its purity was such that nothing common or unclean could endure within its confines.
14. bäst som, just as.
15. mör från tidens källa. See canto XXII: 20.
CANTO XXIII.
Line 16. I voren tempelbrand för mig en gång. Equivalent to saying:
When I saw you I was reminded of the burning temple.
CANTO XXIV.
Line 5. hillebarder, halberds, weapons that were a combination of axe and spear.
9. templet i Uppsala likt. The ancient pagan temple at Uppsala was famous for its marvelous beauty.
23. Vala. The reference is to Voluspa, the Vala Prophecy, one of the oldest if not the oldest poetic production of Scandinavia.
26. fromhetsguden, Balder.
37-39. See canto I: 22.
56. Valaskjalf, a beautiful palace of Oden which was built by the gods and roofed with pure silver. In this palace is the throne Hlidskjalf. Seated there, Oden could overlook the whole world.
76. Jotunheim or Utgård was the dark and chaotic realm of the giants, which lay in the uttermost part of the earth.
77. gudabälte. Tors' wonderful belt, Megingjard which doubled his strength when he put it on. With his mailed gauntlets he seizes his hammer Mjölner.
78. Utgårda-Loke. The evil giant-god is so called because he has his realm in Utgård. See note, line 76.
81. Ägirs barm, the ocean.
88. Ymer, an enormous giant which the gods slew and from whose body they formed earth and heaven. His flesh constitutes the earth; the bones, mountains; the teeth, rocks; the skull, the heavenly vault; and the blood, oceans.
96. Asker, the first created man.
103. fågeln kommer flygande. See canto II: 22.
106. när Balder föll. See canto I: 22.
110. Midgårdsormen, the serpent of Midgård, which Oden threw into the sea where it grew until it encircled the earth.
111. Fenris or Fenrisulven, a giant wolf, son of Loke, which the gods bound securely to a solid rock. There he lies howling until the end of mundane things, when he breaks his fetters and devours Oden. Oden's son, Vidar, avenges his death by slaying Fenris.
112. Surt or Surtur, the god of fire, who guards the fiery realm Muspelhem. At Ragnarök he is the first to ride forth to conflict with the gods. He carries a flaming sword that transcends the sun in brightness.
114-116. I Valhall gal gullkammig hane, seq. The cock, as the symbol of fire, announces the coming of Ragnarök. A golden-combed cock awakens the halls of Valhall, a red cock crows on earth and beneath the earth.
161. Vigrids hundramilaslätt. Vigrid's plains, one hundred miles square, upon which is waged the final conflict between the gods and the forces of evil.
175. Idavallen, the plains of Ida, where the gods first met after the creation of heaven and earth. Here the gods were at play when Balder fell. After Ragnarök the regenerated gods return to Idavallen and recall to their mind the heroic deeds they had performed. In the grass they find the wonderful golden disks that had been the property of the ancient gods.
181. Gimles port, the portal of Gimle, a hall lined with gold and fairer than the sun, in which the righteous dwell after Ragnarök in eternal bliss.
193. leder gångarn fram. The horse was used for food and for sacrifice.
211. jungfruns son, Christ. Returning warriors and tradesmen and captives of war had undoubtedly at the time of Fritiof brought to Scandinavia some knowledge of the teachings of the Christian religion. The Balder of Scandinavian mythology has many of the attributes of Christ.
237. Semings blod. Seming was one of the sons of Oden that became the progenitor of a family of kings. Ingeborg and her brothers had descended from him.
258. Jumala, a Finnish deity.
292. varg i veum. See canto XIX: 25.
INDEX TO MYTHOLOGICAL TERMS.
[Figures refer to canto and line or stanza under which explanatory notes are given.]
/*[4]
Alfhem, 3: 88.
Allfader, 1: 33.
Asa-Tor, 8: 105.
Asker, 24: 96.
Astrild, 11: 30.
Austre, 2: 11.
Balder, 1: 22; 3: 99.
Bifrost, 8: 57.
Brage, 3: 36.
Breidablick, 23: 13.
Dag, 7: 3.
Delling, 7: 3.
Disardalen, 12: 91.
Dvärgar, l: 7; 2: 11; 3: 59; 21: 9.
Fafner, 8: 164.
Fenris, 24: 111.
Folkvang, 1:6.
Forsete, 3: 100.
Frigga, 1: 20.
Frej, 2: 39; 3: 28, 194; 17: 14.
Freja, 1: 6; 9: 8.
Geflon, 8: 36.
Gerda, 1: 21.
Gimle, 24: 181.
Gjallarhom, 20: 14.
Glitner, 3: 100.
Havamal, 2: 28.
Hel, 1: 23; 4: 18.
Heimdal, 20: 4.
Heimskringla, 14: 207.
Hildur, 3: 79.
Hugin, 2: 22.
Höder (öder), 1: 22; 9: 8; 13: 2.
Idavallen, 24: 175.
Iduna, 1: 19.
Jotunheim, 24: 76.
Lofn, 12: 198.
Loke, 1: 22; 12: 108.
Megingjard, 24: 77.
Midgårdsormen, 24: 110.
Mimer, 3: 38.
Mjölner, 15: 3.
Munin, 2: 22.
Muspelhem, 13: 25.
Nanna, 2: 22.
Nastrand, 8: 177.
Natt, 7: 3.
Nidhögg, 23: 5.
Nifelhem, 19: 17.
Nornor, 2: 32; 22: 20.
Nordre, 2: 11.
Oden, l: 32; 2: 22; 3: 90.
Ragnarök, 7: 20.
Ran, 10: 5.
Rota, 19: 3.
Saga, 3: 90.
Seming, 24: 237.
Sigurd Fafnesbane, 8: 165.
Skinfaxe, 20: 1.
Skulda, 2: 32.
Sleipner, 18: 6.
Surt, 24: 112.
Sökvabäck, 3: 90.
Södre, 2: 11.
Tor, 1: 38; 15: 3.
Trudvang, 1: 38.
Urda, 2: 32; 7: 35.
Utgårda-Loke, 24: 78.
Vala, 24: 23.
Valaskjalf, 24: 56.
Valfader, 15: 6.
Valhall, 1: 17.
Valkyria, 7: 10.
Vanadis, 21: 4.
Var, 12: 129.
Vaulund, 3: 84.
Vegtam, 8: 150.
Verdandi, 2: 32.
Vidar, 12: 164.
Vigrid, 24: 161.
Vingolv, 7: 16.
Västre, 2: 11.
Yggdrasil, 7: 35; 22: 20.
Ymer, 24: 88.
Ägir, 3: 164; 10: 11.
Älvor, 1: 7.
Öder (Höder), 1: 22; 9: 8; 13: 2.
*/
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
/*[4]
ANDERSON, RASMUS B. Viking Tales of the North, Chicago, 1876.
BOYESEN, H. H. Essays on Scandinavian Literature, New York, 1895.
BOLDT, A. Esaias Tegnér, Helsingfors, 1904.
BRÄNDES, GEORGE. Esaias Tegnér. En litteraturpsychologisk studie,
Copenhagen, 1878.
—Mennesker og Værker, Copenhagen, 1883.
BÖTTIGER, C. W. Levnadsteckning. Esaias Tegnérs Samlade skrifter.
Nationalupplaga.
ERDMAN, Nils. Esaias Tegnér. En porträttstudie, Stockholm, 1896.
FLOM, G. T. Frithiofs Saga, Chicago, 1909.
HORN, F. W. History of the Literature of the Scandinavian North.
Translated by R. B. Anderson, Chicago, 1901.
LJUNGGREN, GUSTAV. Om Tegnérs Fritiofs Saga, Stockholm, 1877. Also
Svenska Akademiens Handlingar, Series of 1796, LII. and LIII.
LONGFELLOW, H. W. Tegnér's Frithiofs Saga. The North American Review,
XLV.
LYTH, P. G. Tegnér och Frithiofs Saga, Norrköping, 1894.
MINNE AF ESAIAS TEGNÉR, Stockholm, 1866. Contains biographical data on
Tegnér by Franzén, Rappe, Geijer, Wieselgren, Hagberg, and
Adlersparre, together with many poems by Franzén, Wallin, Longfellow,
Oehlenschläger and others.
NYBLAEUS, AXEL. Esaias Tegnér, Lund, 1882.
SCHUCK, HENRIK, OCH WAEBURG, KARL. Illustrerad Svensk Litteraturhistoria,
III. Stockholm, 1897.
SHAW, CLEMENT, B. Frithiofs Saga, Chicago, 1908.
TEGNÉR, ELOF. Ur Tegnérs papper, Stockholm, 1882. Contains a large number
of letters to Tegnér from contemporary authors and other friends.
Covers the period of 1801-1844.
VEDEL, VALDEMAR. Svensk Romantik, Copenhagen, 1894.
*/
VOCABULARY
In the case of nouns, the singular with the postpositive definite article and the indefinite plural are given in parenthesis. When a dash takes the place of a plural ending it indicates that the indefinite plural is the same as the indefinite singular. The vertical lines within a word indicate to what part the endings are to be added.
The principal parts of irregular and strong verbs are given in full.
/*[4] A.
ack, ah, oh, alas. adel, (-n), nobility, afton (-en, aftnar), evening. aftondagg (-en), evening dew. aftonrodnad (-en, -er), sunset glow. aftonsol (-en, -ar), evening sun. aftonvind (-en, -ar), evening breeze. akt, attention, giv —, look out, take notice. akt|a (-ade, -at), to consider worthy, respect, notice; — sig, beware. akt|giva (-gav, -givit), to notice, pay attention. aktning (-en), respect. al (-en, -ar) alder. aldrig, never. alf (-en, -er), elf. all, (allt, alla), all. allena, (allen), alone. allenast, only. Allfader (-n), Father of All, Oden. alltför, altogether too. alltid, always, forever. alltren, already. alltjämt, all the time, always. alltså, thus. alltnog, enough. alltsedan, ever since. allvar (-et), seriousness. allvarsam, serious, grave. almträd (-et, —), elm. aln (-en, -ar), yard, ell. altare (-t, -n), altar. altarrund (-en, -er), altar circle. amm|a (-ade, -at), to nurse. an, on, forward, up. an|a (-ade, -at), to apprehend, divine. an|bringa (-bragte, -bragt), to attach, put. and|as (-ades, -ats), to breathe. and|e (-en, -ar), spirit. andedrag (-et, —), breath. andre, andra, other, second. anfall (-et, —), attack. ankare (-t, -n), anchor. ankartåg (-et, —), anchorchain. anklag|a (-ade, -at), to accuse. anlete (-t, -n), face, countenance. anletsdrag (-et, —), features. annan, (ann, annat, def., andre, andra), other, different, else. annars, otherwise. annorlunda, different. anor, no sing., ancestral traits, descent. an|slå (-slog, -slagit, -slagen), to strike, touch; slå an en sång, strike up a tune or song. arbet|a (-ade, -at) to work, form. an|taga (-tog, -tagit, -tagen), to accept, suppose. arbete, (-t, -n), work, labor. arm (-en, -ar), arm. arm, miserable, poor. armring (-en, -ar), armring, bracelet. art (-en, -er), kind, nature. arv (-et, —), inheritance. arvgård (-en, -ar), ancestral estate. arving|e (-en, -ar), heir. asablod (-et), blood of the gods. asafrände (-n, -r), kinsman of the gods. asagäst (-en, -er), guest of the gods. asaljus (-et), light of the gods. asar (def. sing. asen) gods. asason (-en, -söner), son of the gods. aska (-n), ashes, dust. att, to, that. av, by, of, from, with. av och an, back and forth. avbild (-en, -er), image. av|bryta (-bröt, -brutit, -bruten), to break, interrupt. avfall (-et, —), desertion, apostasy. av|göra (-gjorde, -gjort), to decide. avgrund (-en, -er), abyss, precipice, hell. avgrundslåg|a (-an, -or), flame of hell. avsides, out of the way, remote. avsked (-et, —), farewell, dismissal. avstånd (-et, —), distance. avundsjuk, jealous. ax (-et, —), head of grain. ax|el (-eln, -lar), shoulder.
B.
back|e (-en, -ar), hill. bad (-et —), bath. bad, see bedja. bad|a (-ade, -at), to bathe. bak, behind. bakstam (-men, -mar), stern. baktill, behind, in the rear. Baldersbål (-et), Balder's pyre or stake. Balderslund (-en), Balder's grove. balk (-en, -ar), code, barrier. ban|a (-an, -or), course, path. band, see binda. band (-et, —), band, bond. bane, murderer, death by violent means. bannlys|a (-te, -t), to banish. bar, see bära. bar, bare. bara, merely, only. bark (-en), bark. barm (-en, -ar), bosom. barn (-et, —), child. barndom (-en), childhood. barndomsdag (-en, -ar), childhood day. barndomskärlek (-en), childhood love. barndomsminne (-t, -n), memory of childhood. barndomsvän (-nen, -ner), childhood friend. barndomsvärld (-en, -ar), childhood world. barnlek (-en, -ar), child's play, pl. childish games. barnslig, childish. bautasten (-en, -ar), memorial stone. be, abbrev. bedja. beckad, covered with pitch. becksvart, pitch black. bedja, be (bad, bedit or bett), to pray, ask. bedrift (-en, -er), achievement. be|driva (-drev, -drivit, -driven), to carry on. bedröv|a (-ade, -at), to distress, grieve. befallja (-de, -t), to command. be|grava (-grov, -gravit, -graven), to bury. be|gråta (-grät, -grätit, -gråten), to mourn, bewail. begyn|na (-te, -t), to begin. begär (-et —), desire. begär|a (-de, -t), to demand, ask. behag (-et), delight, charm, comeliness. behag|a (-ade, -at) to please. behärsk|a (-ade, -at), to dominate, rule. be|hålla (-höll, -hållit, -hållen), to retain. behöv|a (-de, -t), to need. beklag|a (-ade, -at), to deplore, pity; — sig, complain. bekrans|a (-ade, -at), to deck with flowers. belägen, situated. ben (-et —), leg, bone. benrad (-en, -er), spinal column, skeleton. bereda (beredde, berett), to prepare. berg (-et —), mountain. bergfast, firm as a mountain. bero (-dde, -tt), to depend; på, be dependent on. beryktad, famous. berömd, famous. be|se (-såg, -sett, -sedd), to view, inspect. besegr|a (-ade, -at), to conquer. besinn|a (-ade, -at), to consider. be|sjunga (-sjöng,-sjungit, -sjungen), to praise or celebrate with song. beskrev, see beskriva. be|skriva (-skrev, -skrivit, -skriven), to describe. beslut (-et, —), decision. be|sluta (-slöt, -slutit), to decide. besmittad, unclean, infected. besteg, see bestiga. be|stiga (-steg, stigit, -stigen), to ascend. beställsam, officious. bestämd, firm, decisive. bestäm|ma (-de, -t), to decide, determine, designate. beständig, constant. besviken, deceived. besvurit, see besvärja. be|svärja (pres. besvär, -svor, -svurit, -svuren), to implore, adjure. be|sätta (-satte, -satt), to set, mount (with jewels). besök|a (-te, -t), to visit. bet, see bita. bet|a (-ade, -at), to graze, betagen, enraptured, betal|a (-ade, -at), to pay. beteckna (-ade, -at), to signify. beting (-et, —), condition. beting|a (-ade, -at), to earn, demand. be|tyda (-tydde, -tytt), to signify, mean. betänk|a (-te, -t), to reflect, ponder. bi (-et, -n), bee. bid|a (-ade, -at), to bide, wait. bifall (-et), permission, assent. bild (-en, -er), picture, scene. billig, reasonable, cheap. biltog, outlawed. binda, (band, pl. bundo, bundit, bunden), to bind, restrain. bister, grim, harsh. bita (bet, bitit, biten), to bite, cut, gnaw. bitter, bitter. bjuda (bjöd, bjudit, bjuden), to invite, offer, bid. bjudning (-en, -ar), invitation. bjälk|e (-en, -ar), joist, beam. bjöd, see bjuda. björk (-en, -ar), birchtree. björkskog (-en, -ar), birch woods. björn (-en, -ar), bear. björnhud (-en, -ar), bearskin. björnram (-en, -ar), paw of bear. björnskinnsman (-nen, -män), man clad in bearskin. blad (-et, —), blade, leaf. bland, among. bland|a (-ade, -at), to mix. blank, bright, polished. blek, pale. blekblå, pale blue. bleklagd, pale-faced. blekn|a (-ade, -at), to turn pale. bleknad, pale, having turned pale. blev, see bliva. bli, abbrev. of bliva. blick (-en, -ar), glance, look. blick|a (-ade, -at), to look. blid, gentle. blidk|a (-ade, -at), to propitiate. blind, blind. blindskär (-et, —), submerged rock. bliva, bli (blev, blivit, bliven), to become; — efter, to be left behind. blixt (-en, -ar), lightning, thunderbolt, flash. blixtr|a (-ade, -at), to lighten, flash. blod (et), blood. blod|a (-ade, -at), to stain with blood. blodfläckad, bloodstained. blodig, bloody. blodlös, bloodless. blodman (-nen, -män), headsman. blodregn (-et), blood rain. blodröd, blood red. blodshämnd (-en), blood vengeance. blodörn (-en, -ar), blood eagle. blomdoft (-en, -er), fragrance of flowers. blomkalk (-en, -ar), flower cup. blomm|a (-ade, -at), to blossom. blomm|a (-an, -or), flower. blomster (-ret, —), flower, blossom. blomsterdoft (-en, -er), rose fragrance. blomstergördjel (-em, -lar), flower girdle. blomsterkransad, wreathed in flowers. blomsterkront, decked or crowned with flowers. blomstervidj|a (-an, -or), rose willow. blomstervärld (-en), flower world. blomsteräng (-en, -ar), flowery meadow or field. blomstr|a (-ade, -at), to blossom. bloss (-et,—), torch. blossa (-ade, -at), to blaze, flash. blot (-et), blood sacrifice. blot|a (-ade, -at), to sacrifice. blott, only, merely. blott|a (-ade, -at), to lay bare. blyg|as (-des, -ta), to be ashamed. blå, blue. blånande, blue. blånad, blue. blås|a (-te, -t), to blow. blåvit, light blue, or blue white. blåögd, blue-eyed. bländ|a (-ade, -at), to dazzle. blöda (blödde, blött), to bleed. bo (-et, -n), dwelling place, nest. bo (-dde, -tt), to dwell, live. bock (-en, -ar), buck, he-goat. bog (-en, -ax), shoulder of an animal. bok (-en, -ar), beech tree. bolster (-ret, -rar), pillow, mattress. bona (-ade, -at), to polish. bonde (-n, bönder), yeoman. bondelag (et, —), group of yeomen. bondeson (-en, -söner), yeoman's son. boning (-en, -ar), dwelling, abode. bord, om —, on board. bord (-et, —), table. borg (-en, -ar), castle. borr|a (-ade, -at), to bore, scuttle. bort, borta, away. bot (-en, böter), fine, penance. bott|en (-nen, -nar), bottom. bottenlös, bottomless. bra, good, well. bragd (-en, -er), achievement. brak (-et), crash, loud noise. brand (-en, bränder), firebrand, fire. brandgul, flame-colored. brann, see brinna. bras|a (-an, -or), fire, blaze. brant (-en, -er), precipice, edge, declivity. brant, steep. bred, broad. breda (bredde, brett), to spread. bredvid, beside. bring|a (-an, -or), chest of a horse or other animal. bring|a (-ade or bragte, -at or bragt), to bring. brinna (brann, pl. brunno, brunnit, brunnen), to burn. brista (brast, pl. brusto, brustit, brusten), to break, to be lacking in; — i gråt, to burst into tears. bro (-n, -ar), bridge. broder (-n, bröder), brother. brodersfamn (-en), brother's embrace. brokig, variegated. bror, contr. of broder. brottande (-t), wrestling. brott|as (-ades, -äts), to wrestle. brottslig, criminal. brud (-en, -ar), bride. brudgumm|e (-en, -ar), bridegroom. brudpar (-et, —), bridal couple. brudsmyckad, decked as a bride. brudsång (-en, -er), bridal song. brun, brown. brunno, see brinna. brusa (-ade, -at), to gush, roar. brutit, see bryta. bryg|ga (-de, -t), to brew. bryn (-et, —), edge, horizon. brynj|a (-an, -or), coat of mail. brynjohatare (-n, —), armor hater, sword. bryta (bröt, brutit, bruten), to break, violate. bräcklig, frail. brädd (-en, -ar), brim, edge. brän|na (-de, -t), to burn. bröd (-et, —), bread. brödrafred (-en), fraternal peace. brödren, for bröderna. bröllop (-et, —), wedding. bröllopsdag (-en, -ar), wedding day. bröllopsdräkt (-en, -ar), wedding costume. bröllopsgård (-en, -ar), house where a wedding is celebrated. bröst (-et, —), breast, bosom. bröt, see bryta. bud (-et, —), command, commandment, message, messenger. bud|a (-ade, -at), to call, summon. [stick, summons. budkavl|e (-en, -ar), lit. bid- budskap (-et, —), message. buk (-en, -ar), belly. bukt (-en, -er), bay. buktig, bent, convex, irregular. bull|er (-ret), commotion, noise. bunden, see binda. bundo, see binda. buro, see bära. busk|e (-en, -ar), bush, shrub. bygg|a (-de, -t), to build. byte (-t, -n), prize, booty. både, båd', both. båg|e (-en, -ar), bow. bågig, curved. bål, (-et, —), stake, pyre. bång (-et), bluster, fuss. bångstyrig, refractory. båt|a (-ade, -at), to be of avail. bäck (-en, -ar), brook, stream. bädd (-en, -ar), bed. bädd|a (-ade, -at), to make a bed. bägare (-n, —), goblet, cup. bägge, both. bälte (-t, -n), belt. bältestad (-en), waist line. bänk (-en, -ar), bench, seat. bär (-et, —), berry. bära (bar, pl. buro, burit, buren), to carry, bear, lead. bärga (-ade, -at), to rescue; bärgad sol, sun that has set. bärsärk (-en, -er), berserk. bärsärksgång (-en), berserk fury. bärsärksskägg (-et), berserk's beard. bäst, best. bättre, better. bävan, indecl., trepidation. böj|a (-de, -t), to bend. böjlig, flexible. bölj|a (-an, -or), wave, billow. bölja (-ade, -at), to surge. bön (-en, -er), prayer. böra (borde, bort), ought. börd (-en), rank. börd|a (-an, -or), burden. börj|a (-ade, -at), to begin. början, indecl., beginning.
D.
dag (-en, -ar), day. dag|as (-ades, -ats), to dawn, dag|er (-ern, -rar), dawn. dagg (-en), dew. dagglans (-en), daylight splendor. dagsljus (-et), daylight. dal (-en, -ar), valley. dans (-en, -ar), dance. dans|a (-ade, -at), to dance. dar, contr. of dagar. darr|a (-ade, -at), to tremble. de, they, the, those. del|a (-ade or -te, -at or -t), to divide, share, give. dem, them, those. den, the, that one, that, it. densamme, the same. denna, detta, this one. deras, their. dess, its; till —, until. desslikes, likewise. det, it, the, there. diar, no. sing., chiefs having priestly and royal functions. dig, you, yourself, thee, thyself. dikt (-en, -er), poem, fiction, invention. dikt|a (-ade, -at), to invent, imagine, compose. dimm|a (-an, -or), fog. din, ditt, dina, your, yours, thy, thine. disarsal (-en, -ar), abode of the inferior gods. dit, thither. djup (-et, —), depth; adj. deep. djupblå, deep blue. djuptänkt, profound. djur (-et, —), animal. djärv, brave. djärvhet (-en), bravery, presumption. dock, yet, nevertheless, anyway. dock|a (-an, -or), doll. dockspel (-et, —), doll's play. doft|a (-ade, -at), to exhale perfume, scent. dog, see dö. dom (-en, -ar), judgment, verdict. dom (-en, -er), dome. domare (-n, —), judge. domarsten (-en, -ar), judgment seat. domarstol (-en, -ar), judgment seat. dopp|a (-ade, -at), to dip. dotter (-n, döttrar), daughter. drag (-et, —) feature. dra, abbrev. of draga. drack, see dricka, draga (drog, dragit, dragen), to draw, pull, go. drakje (-en, -ar), dragon. drakskepp (-et, —), dragon ship. drapja (-an, -or), dirge. dricka (drack, pl. drucko, druckit, drucken), to drink. dristig, bold. driva (drev, drivit, driven), to drive, drift. driv|a (-an, -or), snow drift. driven, wrought, embossed. drog, see draga. dropp|a (-ade, -at), to drip. dropp|e (-en, -ar), dröp. drott (-en, -ar), king. drottning (-en, -ar), queen. drottkväde (-t, -n), royal song. drucko, see dricka. druv|a (-an, -or), grape. dryck (-en, -er), drink. dryckesbord (-et, —), drinking table. drunkn|a (-ade, -at), to drown. dryckeshorn (-et, —), drinking horn. dryckessal (-en, -ar), drinking hall. dryg, lasting, overbearing, self-important. dråpslag (-et, —), heavy blow, death blow. dräkt (-en, -en), garb. dräng (-en, -ar), young man, man-servant. dräp|a (-te, -t), to kill. dröj|a (-de, -t), to tarry. dröm (-men, -mar), dream. dröm|ma (-de, -t), to dream. du, thou. dubbel, double. dugg|a (-ade, -at), to drizzle. duk (-en, -ar), cloth, canvas. dum, foolish. dund|er (-ret), thunder, roar. dundr|a (-ade, -at), to roar, thunder. dunkel, dark, dim. duv|a (-an, -or), dove. duvoving|e (-en, -ar), dove's wing. dvaldes, see dväljas. dväljas (dvaldes, dvalts), to live, dwell. dvärg (-en, -ar), dwarf. dy (-n), mud, slime. dygd (-en, -er), virtue. dygn (-et, —), day of twentyfour hours. dyk|a (-te or dök, -t), to dive. dyrbar, costly. dyrk|a (ade, -at), to worship. dyrköpt, dearly bought. dyster, morose, gloomy. då, then, when. dåd (-et, —), deed. dån (-et), din, noise. dån|a (-ade, -at), to rumble, faint. dår|a (-ade, -at), to deceive, fascinate. dåraktig, foolish. dår|e (-en, -ar), fool. dårskap (-en, -er), foolishness. däck (-et, —), deck. däld (-en, -er), valley. därav, thereof. där, there, where. därefter, thereafter, thereupon. däremot, on the other hand. därför(e), therefore. därhos, besides, In addition. däri, therein. därifrån, therefrom. därigenom, thereby, through it. därin, in there, into it. därmed, thereby. därnäst, thereafter, next. däromkring, thereabout. därpå, thereupon, thereafter. därstädes, there. därtill, thereto. därunder, under or during. däruppe, up there. däruppå, thereon, upon it. därur, out of it. därutöver, beyond, above it däråt, in that direction, towards. däröver, above it. dö (dog, dött), to die. död, dead. död (-en, -ar), death. dödlig, deadly, mortal. dödsblek, death pale. dödsrunja (-an, -or), death rune, dödssång (-en, -er),death song, dödsörn (-en, -ar), death eagle, dölja (dolde, dolt or döljt, dold), to conceal. döm|a (-de, -t), to judge, dön|a (-ade, -at), to rumble, dörr (-en, -ar), door, dörrsven (-nen, -ner), guard, dörrpost (-en, -er), doorpost döva (-ade, -at), to deafen.
E.
ed (-en, -er), oath. eder, you, your. efter, after, behind. egen, own, peculiar. egg (-en, -ar), edge. ehur, although, albeit. einheriar, the blest, no sing. ej, not. eja, ah. ek, (-en, -ar), oak; af eke, of oak. ekebänk (-en, -ar), oak bench. eld (-en, -ar), fire. eldig, fiery. eldprov (-et, —), fire test. eldhav (-et, —), ocean of fire. eldröd, fiery red. eldsken (-et, —), glow of fire. eldstad (-en, -städer), fireplace. eldsvärd (-et, —), flaming sword. eller, or. emellan, between. emot, towards, against. emot|taga (-tog, -tagit, tagen), to accept, receive. emottog, see emottaga. emedan, because. ena, den —, one, the one. en, ett, a, one. enahanda, same. endast, only, solely. ende, enda, endaste, sole, only. endräkt (-en), concord. ens, even. ensam, alone. enslig, lonely. envar, everyone, each one. envigskamp (-en), duel. er, you, your. eriksgat|a (-an, -or), royal journey. ettersvälld, swelled by poison. evar, wheresoever. evig, eternal. evighet (-en, -er), eternity.
F.
fader (-n, fäder), father. fager, pretty. falk (-en, -ar), falcon, falkving|e (-en, -ar), falcon's wing. fall (-et, —), fall, falla, (föll, fallit, fallen), to fall. falsk, false. famn (-en), embrace. famna (-ade, -at), embrace. fann, see finna, far, abbrev. of fader, fara (for, farit, faren), to travel, go, depart. far|a (-an, -or), danger. fart (-en), speed, course, farväl, farewell. fas|a (-an, -or), terror, fast, firm. fast, although, fastän, although, fatt, gripa —, få —, hold, seize. fatt|a (-ade, -at), to seize, hold, comprehend, take. fatt|as (-ades, -ats), to fail, be the matter with. feg, cowardly. fejd (-en, -er), conflict. fel (-et, —), mistake, error. fel|a (-ade, -at), to err, fail. fem, five. femton, fifteen. fest (-en, -er), feast, entertainment. fick, see få. fiende (-n, -r), enemy. fik|a (-ade, -at), to seek, hanker after. finge, see få. fing|er (-ret, rar), finger. finna (fann, pl. funno, funnit, funnen), to find. finnas (fanns, funnits), to be found, exist. finn|e (-en, -ar), Finlander. fira (-ade, -at), to celebrate. fisk (-en, -ar), fish. fjord (-en, -ar), fiord, bay. fjäder (-ern, -rar), feather. fjäll (-en, -ar, or —), mountain. fjällig, scaly. fjärd (-en, -ar), bay. fjärde, fourth. fjäril (en, -ar), butterfly. fjärran, far away, distant. fjättr|a (-ade, -at), to chain. flagg|a (-an, -or), flag. flamma (-ade, -at), to flame, flare. flamm|a (-an, -or), flame, fire. flax|a (-ade, -at), to flap the wings, flicker. flick|a (-an, -or) girl. flintkniv (-en, -ar), flint knife. flitig, diligent. flockvis, in flocks. flod (-en, -er), river. flugen, see flyga. flutit, see flyta. fly (-dde, -tt), to flee. flyga, (flög, flugit, flugen), to fly, speed. flykt (-en), flight. flykt|a (-ade, -at), to flee. flyktig, flighty, evanescent. flyta (flöt, flutit, fluten), to flow, drift, float. fläck (-en, -ar), spot, blemish. fläck|a (-ade, -at), to tarnish. fläcklös, spotless. fläkt (-en, -ar), breeze, gust of wind. flärd (-en), vanity, deceit. fläsk (-et), pork. flät|a (-ade, -at), to braid. flöd|a (-ade, -at), to flow, pour. flög, see flyga. flöt, see flyta. fnys|a (-te, or fnös, -t), to sniff, snort. fnös, see fnysa. fog|a (-ade, -at), to join, — hop, to join together. folk (et, —), people. for, see fara. fordom, formerly. fordr|a (-ade, -at), to demand. fordran, indecl., demand. forna, former. forntid (-en), antiquity, former time. forntidabild (-en, -er), ancient image. forntidsminne (-t, -n), memory of the past. fors (-en, -ar), rapids, current. fort, fast, hurriedly. fosterbroder (-n, -bröder), fosterbrother. fosterdotter (-ern, -döttrar), fosterdaughter. fosterfader (-n, -fäder), fosterfather. fosterjord (-en), native soil. fosterson (-en, -söner), fosterson. fostrare (-n, —), fosterer. fot (-en, fötter), foot. fradga (-n), foam. fragga, see fradga. fram, forth, along. fram|bryta (-bröt, -brutit), to advance, press forth. framför|a (-de, -t), to deliver, bring. framför(e), before, in front of. framme, at destination, there. framsus|a (-ade, -at), to murmur, rustle forth. fred (-en), peace. fredlig, peaceable. frestare (-n, —), tempter. frestelse (-n, -r), temptation. fri, free. fri|a (-ade, -at), to court, woo. friare (-n, —), wooer. friboren, freeborn. frid (-en), peace. fridlyst, protected, inviolate. fridlös, peaceless, outlawed. fridsam, peaceable. fridsbud (-et, —), peace messenger, message of peace. fridsmö (-n, -r), peace maiden. fridsäll, peaceable, peace loving. frieri (-et, -er), courtship. frihet (-en, -er) liberty, freedom. frisk, healthy, fresh. fristad (-en, -städer), haven of refuge. frod|as (-ades, -ats), to flourish, grow, luxuriate. from, pious. fromhet (-en), piety. fromhetsgud (-en), god of piety. fromma, indecl., gain, advantage. fross|a (-ade, -at), to revel, gormandize. fru (-n, -ar), lady, wife. frukt (-en, -er), fruit. frukt|a (-ade, -at), to fear. frust|a (-ade, -at), to snort, sputter. frysa (frös, frusit, frusen), to freeze. fråg|a (-ade, -at), to ask. fråg|a (-an, or), question. från, from. fräck, brazen. fräls|a (-ade or -te, -at or -t), to save, rescue. främling (-en, -ar), stranger. främmande, strange. främst, foremost. frände (-n, -r), male relative. fränk|a (-an, -or), female relative. fräs|a (-te, -t), to frizzle, sputter, foam. frö (-et, -n), seed. fröjd (-en, -er), joy, pleasure. full, full. fullbräddad, filled to the brim. fullvuxen, full grown. fulländ|a (-ade, -at), to complete. funno, see finna. fur|a (-an, -or), fir, pine; av furu, of pine wood. furst|e (-en, -ar), prince. fyll|a (-de, -t), to fill. fyllig, plump. fyra, four. få, few. få (fick, pl. fingo, fått), to get, be allowed, receive, be compelled. fåfäng, vain. fåg|el (-eln, -lar), bird. fågelbo (-et, -n), bird's nest. fåkunnig, ignorant. fål|e (-en, -ar), colt, steed. fåll|a (-ade), to hem. fång|a (-ade, -at, -ad or fången), to capture. får (-et, —), sheep. fäder (pl. of fader, father), ancestors. fädernedal (-en, -ar), native valley. fädernesland (-et, —), native country. fädernestrand (-en, -stränder), native shore. fägn|a (-ade, -at), to please. fäll|a (-de, -t), to strike down, fell. fält (-et, —), field. färd (-en, -er), journey; å färde, on the way, pending. färdig, ready. färg (-en, -er), color. färg|a (-ade, -at), to color. färglös, colorless. fäst|a (-ade, -at), to fasten, bind, attach. fäste (-t, -n), stronghold, hilt, firmament. fästning (-en, -ar), fortification. föda (födde, fött), to give birth to, nourish. födelse or födsel (-n), birth. föga, little. följ|a (-de, -t), to follow, accompany. föll, see falla. fönst|er (-ret, —), window. för, for, before, in behalf of. för (-en), prow. för|a (-de, -t), to bring, conduct. förakt|a (-ade, -at), to despise. föraktlig, scornful, despicable. förbannelse (-n, -r), curse. förbi, past. för|binda (-band, pl. -bundo, -bundit, -bunden), to bandage, unite. förbittrad, incensed. förbittring (-en), anger. förblev, see förbliva för|bliva (-blev, -blivit, -bliven), to remain. för|blöda (-blödde, -blött), to bleed to death. förbrän|na (-de, -t), to consume by fire. fördjup|a (-ade, -ät), de deepen. fördraga (-drog, -dragit, -dragen), to tolerate. fördunkl|a (-ade, -at) to make dim. föröm|a (-de, -t), to condemn. före, before. förebild (-en, -er), prototype, model. fören|a (-ade or -te, -at or -t), to unite. förening (-en, -ar), union. förespel (-et, —), prelude. förespråkersk|a (-an, -or), female pleader, advocate. före|stå (-stod, -stått), to be near at hand, be imminent. för|flyta (-flöt, -flutit, -fluten), to pass by, elapse. för|frysa (-frös, -frusit, -frusen), to freeze severely. förfärlig, terrible. förfölj|a (-de, -t), to pursue. förglöm|ma (-de, -t), to forget. för|gråta (-grät, -gråtit,) to pass the time in weeping; förgråten, red-eyed or swollen from weeping. för|gå (-gick, -gått, -gången), to pass by (time); förgås, to perish. förgård (-en, -ar), outer court. förgäten, forgotten. förgäves, in vain. förgöm|ma (-de, -t), to conceal. förhand, på —, beforehand. förhoppning (-en, -ar), hope, expectation. förhoppningsfull, hopeful. förjag|a (-ade, -at), to drive away. förkast|a (-ade, -at), to reject. förklar|a (-ade, -at), to explain. för|kläda (-klädde, -klätt), to disguise, masque. förklädning (-en, -ar), disguise. förlama (-ade, -at), to paralyze. förliden, past. förlik|a (-te, -t), to reconcile. förlit|a (-ade, or förlet, -at), to depend upon. förlor|a (-ade, -at), to lose. förlov, med —, pardon me. för|låta (-lät, -låtit, -låten), to forgive. förlät, see förlåta. förmörk|a (-ade, -at), to darken. förnam, see förnimma. för|nimma, (-nam, -nummit, -nummen), to hear, perceive, ascertain. förnummit, see förnimma. förny|a (-ade, -at), to renew. förnöj|a (-de, -t), to please. förolämpad, insulted. förpläg|a (-ade, -at), to feed, entertain. förr, before, formerly. för|råda (-rådde, -rått, rådd), to betray. förrän, förrn, before, until. förrost|a (-ade, -at), to rust. försak|a (-ade, -at), to renounce, deny oneself. församl|a (-ade, -at), to gather, assemble. för|sjunka (-sjönk, -sjunkit, -sjunken), to sink down, försjönk, see försjunka. för|skjuta (-sköt, -skjutit, -skjuten), to reject. försmå (-dde, -tt), to disdain. för|smälta (-smalt, -smultit), to melt. förson|a (-ade, -at), to propitiate. försonare (-n, —), propitiator. försoning (-en), atonement, reconciliation. försoningsdag (-en, -ar), day of atonement. för|sova, sig (-sov, sovit), to oversleep. först, first. förströ (-dde, -tt), to divert, amuse. förlstå (-stod, -stått, -stådd), to understand. förstäm|ma (-de, -t), to depress. förstör|a (-de, -t), to destroy. försvann, see försvinna. försvar|a (-ade, -at), to defend. försvinna (-svann, pl. -svunno, -svunnit, -svunnen), to disappear. försök|a (-te, -t), to try. förtäl|a (-ade, -at), to relate, slander. försvunnit, see försvinna. förteg, see förtiga. för|tiga (-teg, -tegat), to conceal, keep back. förtjust, pleased, delighted. förtjän|a (-ade, -at), to earn, deserve. förtjänst (-en, -er), merit. fortork|a (-ade, -at), to dry up, wither. förtro (-dde, -tt), to entrust, confide. förtrogen (vän), confidential friend. fortroll|a (-ade, -at), to bewitch. förtryck[a (-te, -t), to oppress. förtyn|a (-ade, -at), to waste away. förtälj|a (-de, or förtaide, -t, or förtalt), to relate, tell. förtörn|a (-ade, -at), to anger, vex. föränderlig, changeable. forundr|a (-ade, -at), to fill with wonder; — sig, to wonder, marvel. förut, before. förutan, without. forvirr|a (-ade, -at), to confuse, confound. förvågen, reckless. förvägr|a (-ade, -at), to refuse. förändr|a (-ade, -at), to change. för|öda (-ödde, -ött), to waste.
G.
gagn|a (-ade, -at), to benefit. gala (gol, galit), to crow. galder (-n, galdrar), incantation. galt (-en, -ar), boar. gammal, old. gamman, indecl., pleasure, joy. gap (-et, —), mouth, jaws. gapa (-ade, -at), to yawn, gape. gav, see giva. geirsodd (-en), death rune. gemensam, common, mutual. gen, short, near. genast, at once. genmäl|a (-de, -t), to retort. genom, through. genomborr|a (-ade, -at), to pierce, thrust through. genomströmm|a (-ade, -at), to flow through. gestalt (-en, -er), figure, body. gick, see gå. giftoman (-nen, -män), one who gives another in marriage. giljarfärd (-en, -er), wooing trip or expedition. ginge, gingo, see gå. gissning (-en, -ar), guess. giva, ge (gav, g&vo, givit, given), to give. givmild, generous. gjallarhorn (-et), giallarhorn, the trumpet of Heimdall. gjord, see göra. gjuta (göt, gjutit, gjuten), to pour, mold, shed. glad, glad, happy, merry. gladde, see glädja. glans (-en), splendor, glasrut|a (-an, -or), window pane. glatt, smooth. glesn|a (-ade, -at), to grow sparse. glittr|a (-ade, -at), to glitter. glädja (pr. gläder, gladde, glatt), to make glad, rejoice. gläder, see glädja. glädje (-n), joy. glättig, glad, happy. glöd (-en), glow. glöda (glödde, glött), to glow. glödhet, glowing hot. glöm|ma (-de -t), to forget. glömska (-n), oblivion, forgetfulness. gnist|a (-an, -or), spark. gnistr|a (-ade, -at), to sparkle. gnugga (-ade, -at), to rub. gny (-et), commotion, murmur. gnägg|a (-ade, -at), to neigh. god, good. godo, med or i —, willingly. gods (-et, —), goods, property. golv (-et, —), floor. grav (-en, -ar), grave. gravhög (-en, -ar), barrow, grave mound. gravöl (-et), funeral feast. gren (-en, -ar), branch. grep, see gripa. griff|el (-eln, -lar), pencil. grift (-en, -er), grave. gripa (grep, gripit, gripen), to seize. gro (-dde, -tt), to sprout, grow. groll (-et), grudge, quarrel. grop (-en, -ar), dimple, pit. grovhyvlad, rough planed. grubb|la (-ade, -at), to brood. gruml|a (-ade, -at), to make turbid. grund, shallow. grund (-et, —), shoal; till —, to the bottom. grund (-en, -er), basis, foundation. grundmurad, provided with solid floor and walls of masonry. grus, (-et), gravel, earth, i — in ruins. gry (-de, -tt), to dawn, break. grym, fierce, cruel. gråhårig, grayhaired. gråskäggig, having gray beard. gråta (grät, gråtit), to weep. gråtersk|a (-an, -or), woman who weeps. gräns (-en, -er), boundary, limit. gräs (-et), grass. gräselig or gräslig, hideous. grät, see gråta. grön, green. grönklädd, covered with verdure. grönlummig, leafy, with dense foliage. grönsk|a (-ade, -at), to turn or grow green. grönska (-n), verdure. grönvirkad, crocheted in green. gubb|e (-en, -ar), old man. gud (-en, -ar), god. gudabarm (-en, -ar), divine bosom. gudablod (-et), blood of the gods, of divine ancestry. gudabälte (-t, -n), divine girdle. gudaglans (-en), divine splendor. gudahus (-et, —), temple. gudakrans (-en, -ar), divine wreath. gudalund (-en, -ar or -er), sacred grove. gudatimrad, god-built. gudinn|a (-an, -or), goddess. gudomlig, divine. gul, yellow, golden. guld, gull (-et), gold. guldbelagd, gold inlaid. guldfot (-en, -fötter), gold foot. guldgul, golden yellow. guldhjälm, (-en, -ar), gold helmet. guldhov (-en, -ar), gold-shod hoof. guldinlagd, gold inlaid. guldkam (-men, -mar), golden comb. guldkammig, golden combed. guldklo (-n, -r), golden claw. guldring (-en, -ar), gold ring. guldsadlad, with gold-mounted saddle. guldsköld (-en, -ar), gold shield. guldstol (-en, -ar), golden chair or seat. guldsträng (-en, -ar), gold string. guldtand (-en, -tänder), golden tooth. gull, see guld. gullhov, see guldhov. gullmanig, with golden mane. guln|a (-ade, -at), to turn yellow. gung|a (-ade, -at), to rock. gyllene, golden. gyllenläder (-ret), gilded leather, bronze leather. gå (gick, pl. gingo, gått, gången), to go, extend, move. gång (-en, -ar), path, walk, course. gång (-en, -er), time, occasion. gångare (-n, —), steed, horse. går, i —, yesterday. gård (-en, -ar), homestead, estate, yard. gåv|a (-an, -or), gift. gåvo, see giva. gäck|a (-ade, -at), to scorn, deceive. gäld|a (-ade, -at), to make amends for. gäll|a (-de, -t), to be of account, — lifvet, life is at stake. gärd (-en, -er), tribute, reward. gärna, willingly, freely. gäst (-en, -er), guest. gäst|a (-ade, -at), to visit as guest. gästabud (-et, —), banquet, feast. gästfri, hospitable. gästfrihet (-en), hospitality. gäl (-en, -ar), pool. gäm|ma (-de, -t), to conceal. gära (gjorde, gjort, gjord), to do, make. gärd|el (-eln, -lar), girdle, göt, see gjuta.
H.
ha, abbrev. of hava. hag|e (-en, -ar), pasture, grove. hade, see hava. hagelskur (-en, -ar), shower of hail, hail storm. hagl|a (-ade, -at), to hail. halm (-en), straw. hak|a (-ade, -at), to hook. hals (-en, -ar), neck. halt|a (-ade, -at), to limp, hobble. halv, half. halvbränd, half burnt. halvdränkt, half submerged. halvrund (-en, -er), semicircle. halvslocknad, half extinguished. halvsläckt, half extinguished. halvvred, vexed, angry. hammare (-n, — or hamrar), hammer. hamn (-en, -ar), harbor. hamr|a (ade, -at), to hammer. han, he. hand (-en, händer), hand. handfull, handful. handkraft (-en), physical power. handsbred, one hand wide. handslag (-et, —), hand clasp. han|e (-en, -ar), cock. hang, see hänga, hann, see hunno. hans, his. harm (-en), anger. harp|a (-an, -or), harp. harpoljud (-et, —), sound of the harp. harpoton (-en, -er), tone of the harp. hast, haste. hast|a (-ade, -at), to hasten. hastig, speedy. hat (-et), hatred. hat|a (-ade, -at), to hate. hatt (-en, -ar), hat. hav (-et, —), ocean. hava, ha (hade, haft), to have. havsbrud (-en, -ar), ocean bride. havsskum (-met), ocean spray. havstroll (-et, —), sea monster. havsval (-en, -ar), whale. havsörn (-en, -ar), sea eagle. hed (-en, -ar), heath. heden, heathen. heder (-n), honor. hedersgubb|e (-en, -ar), worthy or venerable old man. hejsan, hey, hurrah. hel, whole, entire. helt, quite, entirely. helgedom (-en, -ar), temple. helig, sacred, holy. hell, hail. heller, either. hellre, helst, rather, more or most willingly. helstekt, roasted whole. hem (-met, —), home. hembygd (-en, -er), native place. hemma, at home. hemsk, terrible. hemväg, (-en, -ar), the way home. henne, acc. of hon, her. hennes, gen. of hon, hers. hermelin (-en), ermine. hermelinsmantlad, ermine mantled. herr, sir. herr|e (-en, -ar), master, lord. het, warm. het|a (-te, -at), to be called, named. hillebard (-en, -er), halberd. himlabåg|e (-en, -ar), heavenly arch. himlaflamm|a (-an, -or), lightning flash. himlarand (-en), horizon. him|mel (-meln, -len or -melen, -lar), heaven, sky. himmelsk, heavenly. himmelsblå, azure blue. himlafält (-et, —), firmament, sky. hin, the. hind (-en, -ar), hind, young deer. hind|er (-ret, —), hindrance, obstacle. hindr|a (-ade, -at), to hinder. hingst (-en, -ar), stallion. hinna (hann, pl hunno, hunnit, hunnen), to have time for, overtake. hinsidan, on the other side. hiss|a (-ade, -at), to hoist; — segel, to set sail. hit, hither. hitt|a (-ade, -at), to find. hjalt (-et, —), hilt. hjord (-en, -ar), flock. hjort (-en, -ar), stag. hjul (-et, —), wheel. hjälm (-en, -ar), helmet. hjälmhatt (-en, -ar), helmet, helmet hat. hjälp|a (-te, or halp, -t, or hulpit, hulpen), to assist, help. hjält|e (-en, -ar), hero. hjälteamma (-an, -or), mother of heroes. hjältearm (-en, -ar), heroic arm. hjältebarm (-en, -ar), heroic bosom. hjälteblick (-en, -ar), heroic glance. hjältefader (-n, -fäder), heroic father, father of heroes. hjältebragd (-en, -er), heroic deed. hjältefog (-et), heroic tone or mien. hjältekraft (-en), heroic power. hjältemod (-et), heroic courage. hjältemull (-en), heroic soil, dust of heroes. hjälterykte (-t), heroic fame. hjältesinne (-t), heroic mind. hjälteson (-en, söner), heroic son, son of a hero. hjältesång (-en, -er), heroic song. hjältevrede (-n), heroic anger. hjärta (-t, -n), heart. hjärtlig, hearty, sincere. hjäss|a (-an, -or), crown of the head. holmgång (-en, -ar), duel. hon, she. honom, acc. of han, him. honungG (-en), honey. hop (-en, -ar), crowd, throng. hopfog|a (-ade, -at), to join together. hopp (-et, —), leap. hopp (-et), faith, hope. hopp|a (-ade, -at), to jump. hopp|as (-ades, -ats), to hope. hopträng|a (-de, -t), to compress. horn (-et, —), horn. horndryck (-en), drink from the horn. hos, by, with, at the home of. hot (-et), threat. hot|a (-ade, -at), to threaten. hov (-en, -ar), hoof. hov (-et, —), court. hov, see häva. hovman (-nen, -män), courtier. hud (-en, -ar), skin, pelt. hugg (-et, —), blow, thrust, stroke. hugga (högg, huggit, huggen), to hew, cut, strike. hull (-et), flesh. hulling (-en, -ar), barb, hook. hulpit, see hjälpa. humle (-n), hops. hund (-en, -ar), dog. hundra, hundrade, hundred. hundramilaslätt (-en, -er), plain of a hundred miles. hundraårig, a hundred years old. hungrig, hungry. hunnit, see hinna. hur, huru, how, howsoever. hus (-et, —), house, dwelling. husfolk (-et, —), house servants. husvill, homeless. huvud (-et, -en), head. huvudskall|e (-en, -ar), skull. hucklare (-n, —), hypocrite. håg (-en), mind, inclination. hål (-et, —), hole. håll (-et, —), direction. hålla (höll, hållit, hållen), to hold, keep, contain. hållning (-en), bearing. hån (-et), scorn. hår (-et, —), hair. hård, hard, cruel, severe. hårdhet (-en), hardness, harshness. hårdhänt, rough, severe. hårvuxen, hairy. häg|er (-ern, -rar), heron. hägn|a (-ade, -at), to protect. hägring (-en, -ar), mirage. hälft (-en, -er), a half. häll (-en, -ar), hearth, rock. häls|a (-ade, -ät), ta greet, acclaim. hälsa, (-n), health. hälsning (-en, -ar), greeting. hämnd (-en), revenge. hämn|a (-ade, -at), to avenge. hämt|a (-ade, -at), to bring, fetch. hän, away. hän|da (-de, -t), to happen. häng|a (-de, or hang, -t), to häng. hänglås (-et, —), padlock. hänryckning (-en), ecstasy. häpen, astounded. här, here. här (-en, -ar), army. härbud (-et, —), war messenger, or message. härd (-en, -ar), hearth. härd|a (-ade, -at), to harden. härinne, in here. härj|a (-ade, -at), to devastate. härlig, glorious, beautiful. härmed, herewith. härnad (-en, -er), warfare, warlike expedition. härold (-en, -er), herald. härom, concerning it. härskarbud (-et, -en), word of command. härskarblick (-en, -ar), lordly mien, glance of a ruler. härskarnyck (-en, -er), whim of authority. härskarord (-et, -en), royal command, word of authority. härskri (-et, —, or -n), warcry. härsköld (-en, -ar), war shield. härslag (-et,—), battle. härtåg (-et, —), military expedition. häst (-en, -ar), horse. häv|a (-de, -t), to raise, lift, rise and fall. hävd (-en, -er), annals. höft (-en, -er), hip, hög (-en, -ar),mound, pile, grave. hög, high, loud. högbarmad, high-bosomed. högg, see hugga. högbänk (-en, -ar), high seat, seat of honor. höghornad, long-horned. högre, higher. högsätespelare (-n, —), pillar of the high seat, or seat of honor. högvälvd, high arched. högättad, of high descent. höj|a (-de, -t), to raise, lift. höjd (-en, -er), height, eminence. hök (-en, -ar), hawk. hölj|a (-de, -t), to cover. höll, see hålla. hör|a (-de, -t), to hear, listen. — samman, belong together, — till, belong to. höst (-en, -ar), autumn. höstting (-et, —), fall thing or court. höv|as (-des, -ts), to be fitting, hövding (-en, -ar), chief. hövisk, courtly, polite.
I.
i, you. i, in, into, at, for, to, by, with. ibland, among, sometimes. icke, not. idel, nothing but. idrott (-en, -er), sport, achievement. ifrån, from. igen, again. igenkän|na (-de, -t), to recognize. igenom, through. ihjäl, to death; slå ——, to kill. ihop, together. il (-en, -ar), gust of wind. il|a (-ade, -at), to run fast. illa, bad, evil. in, in, on. in|driva (-drev, -drivit, -driven), to collect. inför, before, face to face with. ingen, no, no one, none. ingenting, nothing. in|giva (-gav, pl. gåvo, -givit, -given), to give, inspire. innan, before, ere. innanför, within. inne, in, within. inom, within. insteg, see instiga. in|stiga (-steg, -stigit, -stigen), to enter. insvep|a (-te, -t), to envelop, dress. in|taga (-tog, -tagit, -tagen), to seize, take possession of. intet, nothing. intill, to, unto. intog, see intaga. in|träda (-trädde, -trätt), to enter. inunder, under. invid, by, close to. invän|da (-de, -t), to interpose objection, answer. irr|a (-ade, -at), to wander about aimlessly. is (-en, -ar), ice. isbjörn (-en, -ar), polar bear. itu, in twain. iver (-n), zeal, animation.
J.
jag, I.
jag|a (-ade, -at), to hunt, chase, drive.
jakt (-en, -er), hunt.
jarl (-en, -ar), jarl, earl.
joll|er (-ret), foolish prattle.
jord (-en), earth, soil.
jordisk, earthly.
jul (-en, -ar), yule.
jul|a (-ade, -at), to celebrate yule.
julerus (-et, ——), yuletide spree.
jungfru (-n, -r), maiden, virgin.
jungfrubur (-en, -ar), maiden's bower.
just, just, exactly.
juv|er (-ret, ——), udder.
jägare (-n, ——), hunter.
jägarskar|a (-an, -or), band of hunters.
jämnårig, of the same age.
jämt, always.
jämte, by, also, besides.
jämväl, besides.
järn (-et), iron.
järnek (-en, -ar), holly oak.
järnfast, firm or strong as iron.
järnlans (-en, -ar), iron lance.
järnsko (-n, -r), iron shoe.
jätt|e (-en, -ar), giant.
jättesten (-en, -ar), giant rock.
jätteverk (-et, ——), giant undertaking.
K.
kalk|a (-ade, -at), to cover with lime. kall, cold. kall|a (-ade, -at), to call. kall|as (-ades, -ats), to be named. kallbräckt, cold-short, brittle. kalln|a (-ade, -at), to grow cold. kam (-men, -mar), comb. kamin (-en, -er), stove. kammar(e) (-n, —), chamber. kamp (-en), struggle. kamrat (-en, -er), comrade. kan, see kunna. kanhända, perhaps. kanske, perhaps. kant, (-en, -er), border. kapp, i —, in a race. kapp|a (-an, -or), mantle, cloak, hood. karg, chary. karm (-en, -ar), back and arms of a chair. kast|a (-ade, -at), to cast, throw. kedj|a (-an, -or), chain. kind (-en, -er), cheek. klag|a (-ade, -at), to complain. klagan, indecl., complaint. klagoröst (-en, -er), voice of complaint. klandr|a (-ade, -at), to criticise. klang, see klinga. klang (-en), ring, clang. klapp|a (-ade, -at), to clap, beat, knock. klar, clear. klarnad, clear. klenod, (-en, -er), gem, jewel, valuable. kling|a (-ade or klang, pl. klungo, -at or klungit), to resound, drink a toast. kling|a (-an, -or), sword. klint (-en, -er), peak, brow of rock. klipp|a (-an, -or), cliff, rock. klipp|g, rocky. klo (-n, -r) claw. klok, wise. klot (-et, —), sphere, ball. klungo, see klinga. klyft|a (-an, or), cleft, ravine. klyva (klöv, kluvit, kluven), to cleave, split. kläda (klädde, klätt), to clothe. kläder, no sing., clothes, kläm|ma (-de, -t), to squeeze, press. klättr|a (-ade, -at), to climb, klösja (-te, -t), to tear with claws or nails. klöv, see klyva. knak|a (-ade, -at), to creak. knapp, scarce. knapp (-en, -ar), button, knob. knappast, hardly. knattr|a (-ade, at), to crackle. knopp (-en, -ar), bud. knopp|as (-ades, -ats), to bud. knot (-et), complaint. knuten, see knyta. knyta (knöt, knutit, knuten), to tie, bind. knä (-et, -n), knee. knäpp|a (-te, -t), to fasten, buckle; — händerna, clasp the hands. knäsatt, placed in one's lap. kog|er (-ret, —), quiver. koka (-ade, -at), to boil. kolsvart, coal black. kolv (-en, -ar), butt. komma (kom, kommit, kommen), to come, get, — fram, come up, forth, arrive. konst (-en, -er), art. konstnär (-en, -er), artist. konstarbetad, artistically wrought. konsterfaren, skilled, artistic. konstfull, artistic. konstnär (-en, -er), artist. konung (-en, -ar), king. konungasal (-en, -ar), king's hall. konungason, (-en, -söner), king's son. konungastad (-en, -städer), royal city. konungaval (-et, —), royal election. kopparköl (-en, -ar), copper keel. kopparstöpt, molded in copper. koppartrösk|el (-eln, -lar), copper threshold. kor|a (-ade, -at), to choose. korall (-en, -er), coral. korn, (-et), barley, grain. kornland (-et, —), field of grain. kors|a (-ade, -at), to cross. kort, short; inom —, shortly, ere long, soon. kos, gå, fly sin —, depart. kos|a (-an, -or), course. kost|a (-ade, -at), to cost. kostelig, costly, precious. krafs|a (-ade, -at), to scratch. kraft (-en, -er), power, strength. kraftlös, powerless. kram (-et), merchandise, gimcrack, trumpery, trash. krans (-en, -ar), wreath. krets (-en, -ar), circle. krig (-et, —), war. kring, round, around, about. kringdans|a (-ade, -at) to dance around. kring|stryka (-strök, -strukit), to roam about. kringsvärm|a (-ade, -at), to roam about. kringång|a (-ade, -at), surround by perfume. kroknäbb (-et, —), hook-bill, one having a crooked beak. kron|a (-an, -or), crown. kropp (-en, -ar), body. kross|a (ade, -at), to crush. kryck|a (-an, -or), crutch. krämare (-n, —), merchant, trader. kränk|a (-te, -t), to insult, wrong. kräv|a (-de, -t), to exact, demand. krökt, bent, crooked. krön|a (-te, -t), to crown, adore. kul|a (-an, -or), cave, den. kulen, bleak. kull|e (-en, -ar), knoll, hill. kum|mel (-let, —), funeral mound, cairn. kung (-en, -ar), king. kungablod (-et), royal blood. kungadotter (-n, -döttrar), king's daughter. kungaed (-en, -er), royal oath. kungahus (-et, —), king's house, royal house. kungahöghet (-en), royal greatness. kungasal (-en, -ar), royal hall. kungason (-en, -söner), king's son. kungastol (-en, -ar), royal seat. kungaval (-et, —), royal election. kungasäte (-t, -n), royal seat. kunglig, royal. kungsgård (-en, -ar), king's hall or estate. kungsniding (-en, -ar), traitor king. kungsord (-et, —), royal word. kungssal (-en, -ar), king's hall. kunna (pres. kan, kunde, kunnat), to be able, can, know. kupig, convex. kust (-en, -er), coast, shore. kuttr|a (-ade, -at), to coo. kvald, see kvälja. kvar, remaining, left. kvar|bliva (-blev, -blivit, -bliven), to remain. kvar|hålla (-höll, -hållit, -hållen), to retain, keep. kvarhöll, see kvarhålla. kvav, sultry, close; gå i —, go to the bottom. kvickn|a (-ade, -at) vid, to revive, come to life again. kvida (kved, kvidit), to wail, whine. kvinn|a (-an, -or), woman. kvinnoskepnad (-en, -er), woman's form. kvist (-en, -ar), branch. kvittr|a (-ade, -at), to twitter. kväda (kvad, kvädit, kväden), to sing, speak. kväde (-t, -n), song. kvälj|a (-de or kvalde, kvalt, kvald), to choke, torment. kväll (-en, -ar), evening. kväv|a (-de, -t), to suffocate, quench. kyl|a (-de, -t), to cool. kyss|a (-te, -t), to kiss. käck, brave, spirited. käll|a (-an, -or), spring, fountain. källare (-n, —), cellar. kämp|a (-ade, -at), to fight, struggle. kämp|e (-en, -ar), warrior. kämpehand (-en, -händer), heroic hand. kämpehär (-en, -ar), army of warriors. känd, known. kän|na (-de, -t), to know, feel. känsl|a (-an, -or), feeling. kär, dear. kärl (-et, —), vessel. kärlek (-en), love. kärleksbrev (-et, —), love letter. kärleksfull, loving. kärn|a (-an, -or), kernel. kärnfull, rich, pithy. kärnfur (-an, -or), sound fir tree. kärnspråk (-et, —), wise saying. köl (-en, -ar), keel. köld (-en), cold. kör|a (-de, -t), to drive.
L.
lack|a (-ade, -at), to drip (of perspiration). lad|a (-an, -or), barn, granary. laddning (-en, -ar), cargo. lade, see lägga. lag (-en, -ar), law. lag (-et, —), group, crowd. lagerlund (-en, -ar), laurel grove. lamm|m (-met, —), lamb. land (-et, länder or —), land. landsflykt (-en), exile. lans (-en, -ar), lance. larm (-et), noise, din. larm|a (-ade, -at), to make noise. le (log, lett), smile, laugh. led, mean, ugly. led, see lida. leda (ledde, lett), to lead, direct. ledig, vacant. ledsen, sad; —vid, weary of. lek (-en, -ar), play, frolic. lek|a (-te, -t), to play. lekplats (-en, -er), playground. let|a (-te or -ade, -at), to search. lev|a (-de, -t), to live. levnad (-en), life. levnadslust (-en), joy of living. lida (led, lidit, liden), to suffer pain; — mot, or emot, approach. lidande (-t, -n), suffering. ligga (låg, legat, legad), to lie. lik, lika, like, just as, equally. likafullt, just the same. lik|e (no def. sing., -ar), equal. likn|a (-ade, -at), to resemble. liksom, just as, as though, as. likväl, anyway. lilj|a (-an, -or), lily. liljehy (-n), lily white complexion. liljekull|e (-en, -ar), lily mound. liljestäng|el (-eln, -lar), lily stem. liljevit, lily white. lilla, little, small. lind (-en, -ar), linden tree. lind|a (-ade, -at), to twine around. list (-en), deceit, cunning. lit|a (-ade, or let, -at), to depend upon. liten, little, small. liv (-et, —), life, waist. livstid (-en, -er), life time. ljud (-et, —), sound. ljuda (ljöd, ljudit), resound. ljuga (ljög, ljugit), to lie. ljung (-en), heather. ljung|a (-ade, -at), to flash. ljungare (-n) the thunderer. ljungeld (-en, -ar), flash of lightning. ljus, bright, light. ljus (-et, —), light. ljusalf (-en, -er), light elf. ljusblå, light blue. ljuslockig, light-haired. ljuv, beautiful, sweet. ljuvlig, sweet, delightful. lock (-en, -ar), lock. lock|a (-ade, -at), to entice, lure. lodrät, perpendicular. log, see le. loft (-et, —), loft. lossa (-ade, -at), to loosen, set free. lott (-en, -er), lot, fate. lottning (-en, -ar), casting of lot. lov (-et), praise. lov|a (-ade, -at), to promise, praise. lovlig, permissible. luden, hairy, shaggy. luft (-en), air. luftig, airy. lugn (-et), peace, calm, lull. lugn, quiet, calm. lull|a (-ade, -at), to hum. ljummig, leafy, shady. lumpen, mean, paltry, sordid. lumpor, no sing., rags. lund (-en, -er or -ar), grove. lung|a (-an, -or), lung. lur (-en, -ar), trumpet. lur|a (-ade, -at), to lurk. lurvhårig, shaggy. lust (-en), pleasure, desire. lustig, comical, lively, pleasurable. lut|a (-ade, -at), to incline, bend, lean. luttr|a (-ade, -at), to purify. lycka (-n), good fortune. lyck|as (-ades, -ats), to succeed. lycklig, fortunate, happy. lyda, (lydde, lytt), to obey. lydig, obedient. lyft|a (-ade, or -e, -at, or lyft), to lift. lykt|a (-ade, -at), to close. lykt|a (-an, -or), lantern, lamp. lysa (-te, -t), to shine. lysmask (-en, -ar), glowworm. lyssn|a (-ade, -at), to listen. lys|ta (-te, -t), to desire. låg, low. låg, see lägga. låg|a (-an, -or), flame. låg|a (-ade, -at), to glare, glow. lån|a (-ade or -te, -at or -t), to borrow, loan. LÅNG, long, far. långsam, tedious, slow. långskepp (-et, —), warship of the viking period. lås (-et, —), lock. låta (lät, låtit), to let, permit, sound. lägga (lade, lagt, lagd), to lay, put; — i land, to land. lägre, lower. lämn|a (-ade, -at), to leave. lån|a (-te, -t), to borrow, loan. länd (-en, -er), loin, side. länge, long time, long. länger, längre, longer. längs (med), along, along the side of. längst, longest, farthest. längt|a (-ade, -at), to long. längtan, indecl., longing. längtansfull, longingly. längtersk|a (-an, -or), the longing one. länte, see läna. läpp (-en, -ar), lip. lär, likely, it is said. lär|a (-de, -t), to learn, teach. läx|a (-an, -or), teaching, doctrine. lärk|a (-an, -or), lark. lärospån (-en, or -et, —), first exploit, achievement. läs|a (-te, -t), to Read. lät, see låta. lätt, light, easy, lightly. lödig, of pure metal, genuine. löfte (-t, -n), promise. lög|a (-ade, -at), to wash. lögn (-en, -er), lie. löje (-t, -n), laughter, smile. lön (-en, -er), reward. lönvalv (-et, —), secret vault or chamber. löpning (-en, -ar), running, race, run. lös, loose. lös|a (-te, -t), to loosen, dissolve; — en uppgift, discharge a duty. löslig, loose. löv (et, —), leaf. löv|as (-ades, -äts), to sprout, become green, get leaves. lövsal (-en, -ar), leafy bower, arbor.