WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
Gardening for women cover

Gardening for women

Chapter 102: HOLLAND
Open in WeRead

About This Book

The text offers practical instruction and advocacy for women entering horticulture, outlining requisite skills, training, and career paths in landscape, market, and jobbing gardening as well as floral decoration and nature-study. It advises on securing and managing posts, dress, cottage cultivation, food production, medical considerations, and adaptations such as Italian pot gardens and prospects overseas. A substantial second part surveys schools and training colleges across Britain, continental Europe, America, Canada, and Australia, profiles model training grounds for market gardening, and concludes with appendices of practical schedules, resources, and administrative advice for women pursuing gardening professionally.

“I willingly comply with the request to contribute a short report of my work in connection with the above institution, which I founded in 1901.

“It is beautifully situated on an elevation gently sloping south towards Kiel Harbour, near the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. It contains two hot-houses, eighty forcing frames, about 500 fruit trees of all sorts and kinds, a grand assortment of shrubs, ornamental trees and conifers. Two alleys of high-grown pear trees (interlaced) in the shape of a large cross form the centre of the garden.

“I opened the school with five pupils; at present there are seventeen. The course of training is two years for those who wish to take up gardening as a profession, and one year for amateurs.

“The study is twofold: Practical and theoretical. Our practical course comprises:—Fruit growing: How to grow best dessert fruit on large and small farm trees. Harvesting the fruit. Storing and packing it. There are about forty different kinds of apples, thirty-five pear and fifteen plum trees. Preserving various fruits in various ways. Then there is the annual grafting of wild trees, the culture of farm trees, of high standard and half-high standards. We also grow apples, pears, and peaches in pots and tubs. Vegetable growing includes forcing in the hot-house and frames, as well as cultivation of all suitable kinds in the open field. I teach preserving and wintering of vegetables. In flower growing we specially take those pot plants that sell well, as: Chrysanthemum indicum, Primula obconica and chinensis, cyclamen, begonias, amaryllis, hyacinths, tulips, cineraria, etc. But of course we also cultivate exotics.

SCHOOL FOR LADY GARDENERS, HOLTENAU, NEAR KIEL SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.

“In the open we cultivate the favourite spring and summer flowers, annual and perennial roses, etc. Thus we obtain abundant material for cut flowers, which serve for teaching the pupils to make up bouquets, table decorations, etc. We use the garden stuff first of all for our own household, but the remainder—by far the larger part—is sold in Kiel, thus teaching the pupils the actual market value of their materials.

“At the Schleswig-Holstein Horticultural Exhibition in 1906 our school gained four first and three second prizes; several diplomas; and the silver State medal for fruit-packing.

“For landscape gardening we have small plantations, where every year we train new trees by means of slips, suckers, shoots, and heaping up. We have had orders to plan and lay out several gardens in Kiel and Holtenau.

“Now and then visits are arranged to the various nurseries, market gardens, private gardens of importance, or the Botanical Gardens at Kiel, so as to give the pupils opportunity of seeing other plants and other ways of arranging and growing.

“Our scientific course comprises:—Botany, chemistry, mineralogy (taught by a University man), drawing (by the municipal head-gardener). Drawing includes: Geometrical problems, drawing plans of small and large gardens, then designs of pupils’ own making; correct calculation of expenses, and working plans in detail.

“Land surveying and levelling are first taught theoretically, then practically. Much importance is attached to a thoroughly accurate drawing of plans, as it is excellent practice for the eye for all things pertaining to gardening. In regard to plan drawing we have had many successes. At the before-mentioned Schleswig-Holstein Horticultural Show in Kiel, September, 1906, five pupils exhibited their own designs in garden plans, with schemes for working them, and bill of costs attached, which gained distinctions; two pupils received the Ehrenpreis, given by H.H. Duchess Caroline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg. At the exhibition in Bremen in 1907 two pupils earned honourable mention by the Horticultural Society.

“Then we have lessons on soil, manure, zoology, arboriculture, and how to lay out plantations. Our practical subjects are thoroughly entered into, and treated also from their scientific basis.

“As a test of the work done by the pupils there is an annual exhibition of garden produce of all kinds, and of the pupils’ drawings, in the hall of the Institution. Friends and experts are invited. We have had cheering visits of inspection from the Kieler Horticultural Club and the Frauenverein.

“After the two years’ learning is completed the pupils receive a testimonial as to their qualifications and achievements. But no examination is held, as I hold that not being held by qualified Government examiners they are practically useless. My aim is to give my pupils a thoroughly sound practical education.

“There is a great demand for well trained lady gardeners, and one who is skillful commands a good social position. I have so many offers for trained pupils that the demand far overreaches the supply. Salaries commence with about £30, including food, and treatment as a member of the family. Many of my pupils are filling situations on estates, schools for economy, sanatoria, private gardens, etc. Two former pupils are now teachers of horticulture at the Household School for Women at Reifenstein, near Leinefelde (Prov. Saxony), and at Maidburg, near Kempen (Prov. Posen). One pupil has been gardener-in-chief at the large training home for girls near Berlin; then she went to America, where she is manager of a large private garden in New York. Another pupil occupied the post as paid assistant at an extensive vegetable growing plantation near Kiel, and was able to work as fast and satisfactorily as the male assistants. Other pupils again, including some Danes and Norwegians, cultivate their own gardens or take situations in their own country. Still another pupil founded, about two years ago, a Horticultural School at Wolfenbüttel (Brunswick), following the same principles as taught at my school.

“There is no difficulty in finding really good situations for skilful workers, and gardening has proved a blessing to many of our sex.

“Marta Back.

Holtenau, September, 1907.”

The above account gives such a graphic description that I need only add the terms. A thorough education and good health are required of those applying for vacancies. The terms are:—50 marks per quarter. Pension for students the first year, 75 marks per month; pension for students the second year, 70 marks per month. This must be paid three months in advance.

AUGUSTE-FÖRSTER INSTITUTION, OBERZWEHREN (KREIS CASSEL)

The Kassel Society for the Education of Women has provided in the Auguste-Förster Institute a country school where young girls and women may obtain a thorough training in three different departments: viz., horticulture, domestic economy, and poultry and pig-rearing, etc. The instruction, combining theoretical information and practical work, is given by accomplished female teachers. Six to eight scholars can be taken for each department.

The duration and direction of the course are regulated by the result aimed at. The time of study in each department lasts a year; scholars, who intend to make use of their training in their own home, can take a half-year’s course.

Students are not permitted to take the different courses concurrently. Those who successfully pass an examination, held at the end of the year’s course, receive a certificate of proficiency. These certificates are of special importance to those who wish to earn their living in the gardener’s calling, or as housekeepers. The year’s course and certificate are also valuable to those who become teachers of domestic economy in rural house-keeping schools, as the regulation examination for domestic economy does not include such special country subjects as horticulture, poultry-rearing, etc. For those who have already attended similar institutions, and wish further instruction without intending to make money by it, a shorter course of study, under special conditions, is arranged.

The instruction comprises:—Theoretical instruction in the different branches and conditions of plant-culture. Practical work: Fruit and vegetable culture, raising plants in the open air and under glass, care of plants in hot-houses and in rooms, care of ornamental grounds, decoration of dwelling-rooms and verandahs with plants and cut-flowers. To those students who intend to become professional gardeners a longer attendance at our establishment is recommended, or a continuance of training in a nursery or private garden; a thorough initiation into the high calling of gardener is not possible in a shorter time. Any who have taken the year’s course, and desire more advanced training, can attend the State horticultural institutions as out-students.

The Kassel Chamber of Agriculture has granted the Förster Institution the use of the means of instruction provided in the Oberzwehren Pomological Institute, a remarkably well-conducted establishment.

The Auguste-Förster Institution at the same time aims to attract educated women to settle in the country, by affording them practical guidance in social work. For this object, instruction in handicrafts, knitting, sewing, mending, cutting-out, cooking, washing, and ironing is given (chiefly in winter) to the women, young girls, and children of the surrounding villages. Ladies with good preparatory knowledge are admitted as voluntary helpers, if they intend to devote themselves in earnest to social work in the country, and if there is room in the institution.

HOLLAND

The following notes were sent me by a lady in Holland, and have been kindly put into English by a friend. They describe briefly the school recently opened near The Hague (Station of Rijswyk). The name of the school is “Huis te Lande,” and it is built in the style of an English country house. It is managed by Mesdames J. Kuyst and C. Pompe.

On a medallion over the entrance the following motto is inscribed. “Think great thoughts, do great deeds.” The students are all girls of good position and well educated. They must speak at least three modern languages, and have a good knowledge of botany and geography. Otherwise they could not profit by the course; it is therefore preferable if they have been at a high school. They must have taste for gardening.

A medical certificate is required, showing that they are physically fit for the work. The directors of this school do their best to correct the idea, which many doctors have, that gardening is suitable to invalids. The institution is not intended as a Sanatorium, and only healthy, active girls are wanted, and those who evince a strong inclination for out-of-door life.

The school is especially intended for the daughters of those who inhabit cottages or villas having small gardens attached. As a rule these gardens leave much to be desired in the way of cultivation. They are too small for a gardener, and are worked by a labourer, who knows but little about the cultivation of flowers. It is hoped that the school training will enable these young ladies to manage and cultivate their home gardens. It is considered, in Holland, that the time for ladies to earn a living by gardening has not yet arrived.

Both practical and theoretical work is taught, but the former is considered the most advantageous. If the students know how to do the work themselves, they can show their workmen. At the same time theory will help them to understand the why and wherefore of operations. On three mornings a week, from 9 to 12, theory is taught. The rest of the time is for practical work. A lecture hall is attached to the school; there is also a special laboratory, which students are only allowed to use under the supervision of those who understand chemistry.

A coffee room is provided for students who live too far away to return home for dinner. There is also a dressing-room, and from here a door opens into the one acre of flower garden and arboretum, which is surrounded by frames and glass-houses.

In the middle of the grounds is a spacious workshop, which can be warmed.

Some of the glass-houses are for flowers, and others for fruit. They contain many pots with small fruit trees, in full fruit, and peach trees. The whole is under good and practical management. Only six students are at present admitted at a time. Terms are 300 guelders a year.

GOVERNMENT WINTER SCHOOL FOR GARDENING (HORTICULTURE)

AALSMEER, BOSKOOP, NAALDWIJK, TIEL

Practical experiments are also carried out during the summer at Aalsmeer.

Age of Admission.—16.

Requirements.—Knowledge of the Dutch language, of arithmetic, geography, rudiments of German and English. Some idea of gardening (to be given verbally).

Fees.—Fl. 10, for two winter terms. Pupils without means can receive free admission from the Minister of the Interior. The fee for the summer term at Aalsmeer is fl. 25.

Implements or tools.—Cost fl. 9 or fl. 10.

The theoretical instruction comprises physics, chemistry, botany and zoology, all branches of horticulture, the Dutch language, arithmetic, book-keeping, and, if desired, English and German commercial correspondence.

Drawing for the laying out of gardens.

Practical instruction comprises:—Different kinds of work in the proof gardens, with Government subsidy; experiments in cultivation, manuring and grafting.

During the second year this work is also carried out in the gardens of other horticulturists and gardeners.

Diploma can be obtained after two years.

Course of instruction for pruning.—There is a course of instruction for pruning at Tiel, for a fee of fl. 2.50.

Temporary local winter terms are given by Government teachers in gardening with the aim of preparing the lady teachers of the temporary winter terms.

The course extends over three years, during which time a hundred lessons per year are given.

The diploma obtainable is the Degree of Primary Instruction for Horticulture, and the course is open only to those who hold the degree as teacher of Primary Instruction. There is no fee.

Temporary winter terms are arranged by gardening societies, with Government subsidies. There is no fee, and at the conclusion of the term of instruction a certificate is granted.

COURSE OF HORTICULTURAL STUDY AT THE ACADEMY AT LEIDEN

Requirements.—Instruction received at the High School, or diploma for Secondary Primary Instruction, knowledge of foreign languages.

Fees.—For the theory lessons, one hour a week, fl. 30 for three months; for the theory lessons, two hours a week, fl. 50 for three months; for the theory lessons, three hours a week, fl. 60 for three months. The course extends over one and a half to two years.

There is also a similar course of study at the Gröningen Academy.


Other Schools of Gardening in Holland are:—

The Sempercrescens at Naarden, Bussum. (Fees, fl. 300, implements and tools, fl. 10.)

Flora Horticultural School at Watergraafsmeer (Middenweg, 89). Age of admission, 14. Fees, fl. 250; implements and tools, fl. 20 knowledge of the Dutch language, writing, arithmetic, geography, are necessary.

A course of study is given by Mr. van der Wissel, Huize Soltane, Epe.

ITALY

WOMEN’S INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY,

Cascine, Florence, 1907

This institute was founded on the initiative of several ladies, with the object of instructing girls in the different branches of agriculture and domestic economy, by giving them theoretical and practical ideas, which will enable them to employ their valuable energy in the domain of agriculture and good house-keeping.

The school opens its classes in November. The training lasts six months.

The classrooms are in the left wing of the grand ducal palace, on the Piazzole del Re, in the public park of the Cascine, very near the station of the electric tramway, which places the school within twenty minutes from the centre of the town.

The close vicinity of the horticultural establishment of the Royal School of Pomology and Horticulture, possessing gardens, hot-houses, orchards, vineyards, and kitchen gardens covering more than 50 acres of ground, together with the splendid position of the institute in the middle of the Cascine Park, combine to offer the best possible conditions for the practical teaching of agriculture, horticulture, dairy work, bee-keeping, etc.

The curriculum includes agriculture, house-keeping, hygiene, chemistry, book-keeping, cooking.

The programme of each class is as follows:—

Agriculture.—Elements of morphology or vegetable physiology. Climatic conditions. Elements of agronomy. Cultivation of herbaceous plants. Fruit culture: starting an orchard, and cultivation of pear, apple, peach, cherry, plum and apricot trees; storing and drying fruit; jam and preserve making. Vine and olive tree culture. Horticulture: laying out a small kitchen garden, and the cultivation of the principal kinds and varieties of vegetables. Gardening: flowers and ornamental foliage plants, trees and shrubs; plants for the house, flower cutting and arranging.

House-keeping.—I merely mention here those points which are connected with horticulture, such as:—

The cellar.—Storage of wine and oil.

Fruit store-room.—Heating and lighting apparatus; how to use and clean them.

Hygiene.—Open air and close air, meteorological factors.

Water.—Its qualities.

Soil.—Its fertilisation and sanitation.

Chemistry.—Bodies, simple and composed. The soil in its relation to plant life—artificial manuring; air, light, heat, water, drink, food, seasonings. Practical experiments.

Book-keeping.—Domestic and patrimonial administrations; compilation of inventories; current accounts; buying and selling; State funds; plain book-keeping and other methods; book-keeping for business on a small scale; auxiliary books; special accounts and their books; registry and balance account; exercises in domestic and agricultural book-keeping.

Cooking.—The lessons will be as much as possible demonstrative, and accompanied by manual practice of the more important operations of agriculture (grafting, pruning, sowing, etc.), of agricultural industries, and also of house-keeping and cooking. Holiday re-unions will be held under the supervision of the patronesses of the institute, and instructive excursions will be made.

Admission.—For the theoretical and practical classes the girls must be at least sixteen years old.

A formal request on official stamped paper must be presented, together with the legalised birth certificate and documents proving that students have obtained—either at private or public schools—the necessary education in all ordinary knowledge. There must also be a certificate of good health and of vaccination.

The admission fee is 10 lire (8s.), besides the payment of 40 lire (32s.), to attend the lessons. At the end of six months, after a theoretical and practical examination, a certificate of steady attendance and progress will be given.

Non-residents can inquire about good and inexpensive lodgings in Florence from the secretary of the committee of patronesses.

There will also be a few places for non-students who wish to attend some of the lectures. They must address their request to the director of the institute and pay 30 lire (20s.) for each course of lectures they wish to attend.

Arrangements will be made for non-students attending several classes.

STUDENTS AT HASTUM SCHOOL, NORWAY.

NORWAY

The Norwegian agricultural high school has a special class for horticulture, and here ladies are given the highest education. After two years’ study they obtain the title of “Cand-horticulture,” which means a certificated gardener.

Before being admitted, it is necessary to have done practical work in a garden for two years, and to have passed an examination in a smaller school of horticulture. The three following are the lower schools:—

Berly school for lady gardeners was established in 1901. It is supported by Government, and has a grant of about 4,000 kroner a year. The principal is Mr. M. Nilsen, and there is a teacher besides. Only ten students are admitted each year, and up to now seventy young ladies have been educated here.

Vaartum school for lady gardeners, at Stenlyaer, is also supported by Government, with a grant of 4,000 kroner a year. The principal is Mr. Solstael, and there is one teacher besides. Ten students are admitted yearly. Ladies are trained here for work in their own gardens, as well as for other employment.

Hastum school for lady gardeners, at Kristiania, was established in 1906. This school is inspected by Government, but does not receive a grant. The principals are the Misses Frölich. Sixteen students are admitted yearly.

These schools all have practical and theoretical courses which last seven months. Hastum school also admits students for six-week courses. Instruction is given in the cultivation of fruit, vegetables, and flowers. Fruit-preserving is also taught. Training plants, forcing, frame and hot-bed culture, chemistry, botany, agriculture, and the diseases of plants are taught by lecture. At the same time students have to practise out-of-doors what they have learnt theoretically.

From the Norwegian horticultural high school only one lady has up to now passed out, but about 140 ladies in all have been through the lower schools. Several of these have bought land to work on themselves, others have taken posts in private gardens or in market gardens. They usually receive a salary of 25–30 kr. a month, besides a house and food. Others work in their own home gardens. Vegetables and fruit grow well, the flavour of them being far better than those grown further south.

I am told upon good authority that Norwegian women realise more and more that a great work lies before them out-of-doors, and they begin to prefer contact with Nature to sedentary work in offices.

SWEDEN

Through the kindness of a friend I am able to give a translation of the prospectus of the

GARDENING SCHOOL AT AGDATORP,

a practical school for lady gardeners.

The summer term begins on April 1st. The school, which is helped by the State and “Blekinge hushållningssållśkap,” takes students of all classes of society.

STUDENTS AT WORK AT THE AGDATORP SCHOOL OF GARDENING, SWEDEN.

The chief object of the school is to spread a knowledge of gardening, and interest in it, amongst the daughters of the country population.

There are two different divisions. A student of Division I. has to pay 100 kr. (£5 10s.) at the commencement of the term, and 40 kr. (£2 5s.) at the beginning of each month for board and lodging.

Students of Division II. pay 50 kr. at the beginning of the term, and 2.20 kr. on the 1st of each month for board and lodging.

The hours of instruction in Division I. are fewer, though the fees are higher. The instruction for both is similar. Practical and theoretical instruction is given in the following subjects:—Culture of fruit, vegetables, flowers, hot-house and frame work, raising seeds, treatment of soil and manure, botany.

Special importance is attached to the use of garden produce in the house, preserving, and making fruit wines.

A course of lessons in plain cookery (free of charge) is arranged for those students who wish to take it. From July 1st to Oct. 1st.

The conditions for entering the school are:—Pupils to be at least seventeen years of age, and physically strong. Application for admission should be accompanied by a doctor’s certificate. A certificate from the upper class is also needed from those who come from elementary schools.

Students must have their own bedding, linen, napkins, candles, and soap, and must also provide gardening knives and scissors. The latter can best be procured after they enter the school.

Students are taken for part of the course, after the term has begun, for 60 kr. per month. Should a student for some reason be forced to leave, before her time is up, no money is returned.

In 1907 the State gave one place free to daughters of farmers. “Blekinge hushållningssållśkap” gave three places to daughters of farmers from Blekinge.

The school is situated at Agdatorp farm, in Nettraby, about 12 km. from Karlskrona. The term commences on April 1st and lasts until October 31st. Applications must be sent in before March 15th to Fr. J. Schmidt.

Since the college was founded 79 students have passed out. Of this number only eight have taken posts. The usual salary is from 15 kr. per month, board and lodging being provided. Some of the students have completed their training at other colleges, others pursue the interest of gardening in their own homes. It is clear that the salary mentioned is that of an under gardener, for the salary of a head gardener in Sweden varies from 300 kr. to 800 kr., with board and lodging; it is also usual to give a percentage upon the sales in the garden. Most of the women who study for gardening in Sweden do so in order to direct their own gardens. Many go through a course of training in a market garden, and some have been educated in colleges in other countries.

ESPENÄS SCHOOL FOR LADY GARDENERS

Postal Address: Lännäs. Railway Stations: Kilsmo, Sköllersta, and Wingaker. Steamboat Pier: Hampetorp. Steamer: “Gustav Lagerbjelde.”

Espenäs is beautifully situated close to the Lake “Store Hjälmaren.”

The school was founded in 1899. The term commences on April 15th and ends on October 15th. The teaching is both practical and theoretical.

The subjects taught are: General gardening, kitchen gardening, flowers for beds and borders; the care of hot-houses and frames, glazing, painting, making mats, preparation of frames, sowing, watering, etc. The cultivation of delicate vegetables and fruits such as asparagus, tomatoes, artichokes, cucumbers, melons and strawberries; climbing plants, grapes, and roses; fruit trees and berries; preparation of soil and manure; tying up plants; book-keeping as applied to gardening; the Weck method of preserving vegetables, fruit and berries; making fruit syrups, jellies, marmalade, fruit wines and pickles; drying fruit, berries, and vegetables. Optional—looking after poultry.

The conditions for entering the school are, that it is necessary to have passed through an elementary school, or to have had similar education. A testimonial from a clergyman or a doctor is required, as well as a photograph of the proposed student.

Payment in advance upon April 15th, 125 kr. (£7) for the whole term. For board and lodgings, all found, 65 kr. per month, to be paid on April 15th and July 15th. Soap, candles, linen, and bedding are provided by the students. A piano is in the house. There are good roads for cycling, and excellent bathing. Apply to Stina Swartling, née von Hofsten.

The number of students who have passed out since the school was founded is over 100. Most of the students, upon the termination of their training, return to their homes, others take posts as gardeners, and their salaries amount usually to from 20 kr. to 40 kr. per month, board and lodging being provided for them.

SWITZERLAND

The following account of the only school for lady gardeners in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, has been very kindly sent to me by Madame Chaponniere, President de l’Alliance Nationale de Sociétés Féminines Suisses. I give the report in her words:—

ÉCOLE PROFESSIONNELLE D’HORTICULTURE POUR LES FEMMES

à Nieder-Lenz, Canton d’Argovie, Suisse

La seule école professionnelle d’horticulture pour les femmes, existant actuellement en Suisse, est celle de Nieder-Lenz fondée en 1906, par la “Société d’Utilité Publique des Femmes Suisses,” à Nieder-Lenz, dans un joli domaine, situé sur la ligne de chemin-de-fer du Seethal dans le Canton d’Argovie.

Le programme de l’école comprend différentes catégories de cours:—

1. Des cours de deux années destinés aux femmes désirant faire de l’horticulture leur profession.

2. Des cours d’une année destinés aux maîtresses d’écoles ménagères ou primaires.

STUDENTS AT WORK AT THE ESPENÄS SCHOOL FOR LADY GARDENERS SWEDEN.

3. Des cours d’une année, pour les personnes qui, par raison de santé ou autre, désirent connaître la culture des fruits, et du jardin.

4. Des cours spéciaux, d’une durée de six mois, sur les différentes branches du jardinage ou de la culture des arbres fruitiers. Le cours de deux années est formé de deux parties; une partie pratique et une partie théorique.

La partie pratique comprend:—

(a) La culture des légumes ainsi que leur emploi, leur conservation, et éventuellement la manière de les cuire et de les apprêter.

(b) Culture des fleurs en plein air et en serre, fleurs d’appartement, décoration, préparation de bouquets.

(c) Etablissement de jardins potagers.

(d) Culture des arbres fruitiers, taille, greffe, récolte des fruits, emballage, conserves, etc.

(e) Culture des baies (fraises, framboises, groseilles, myrtilles).

(f) Elevage de la volaille, des lapins, des abeilles.

La partie théorique comprend des leçons de botanique, de pomologie, de zoologie, de chimie agricole, de géométrie, de dessin, la tenue de livres et quelques notions de droit usuel.

L’école d’horticulture s’est ouverte le 1er avril 1906, avec huit élèves pour le cours complet de deux années et sept élèves pour le cours de six mois. Dans le courant de l’année huit autres élèves sont entrées pour un nouveau cours de deux ans. La majorité des élèves viennent de la Suisse, mais l’Autriche, Hongrie et la Russie en ont fourni aussi quelques-unes. Les conditions d’admission sont:—Avoir fréquenté une école secondaire ou une école analogue, être munie d’un certificat médical de bonne santé et d’un acte d’origine, être âgée de dix-sept ans accomplis.

Pour les cours d’une ou de deux années, le prix annuel de la pension et de l’enseignement est de francs 600 (£24) payables par trimestre à l’avance.

Pour les cours d’une année, sans but professionnel, francs 60 par mois, ainsi que pour les cours spéciaux de six mois. Les étrangers paient en outre francs 300 par an pour l’enseignement.

A ces différents cours, il faut ajouter encore des cours de culture de quelques semaines, données au printemps, en été, en automne, et destinées aux jeunes campagnardes des environs.

L’école est sous la surveillance d’une Commission de cinq membres, dont la présidente est Madame Coradi-Stahl (Wiedingstrasse, 56, Zurich), inspectrice fédérale des écoles ménagères, la secrétaire Madame Prof. Stocker-Caviezel (Küsnacht bei Zürich). La directrice de l’école est Madame Prof. Joss-Roser.

Les dons reçus en vue de l’installation ont atteint la somme de francs 18,959.36 et les dépenses pour l’installation se sont élevées à francs 14,298.76. Les recettes régulières pour cette première année se montent à francs 9,897.80, tandis que les dépenses, loger de la propriété, etc., font un total de francs 12,883.28, laissant ainsi un découvert de francs 2,985.48. Il y a lieu d’espérer qu’avec l’extension prévue de l’école et des sources de revenus nouvelles, ce déficit ne se renouvellera pas.