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General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)

Chapter 2: GENERAL ANATOMY, APPLIED TO PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE;
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The work constructs an anatomical framework that treats simple tissues as distinct systems whose combinations form organs, and uses systematic experiments — dissection, reagent tests, and observations on living animals and patients — to define each tissue's characteristic organization. It distinguishes animal properties, such as sensibility and contractility, from organic properties, rejects explanations that rely on a single speculative vital principle, and applies rigorous induction to physiology: physiological phenomena arise from inherent tissue properties, disease reflects their augmentation, diminution, or alteration, and therapy seeks to restore the part to its natural state.

GENERAL ANATOMY,
APPLIED TO
PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE;

BY XAVIER BICHAT,

PHYSICIAN OF THE GREAT HOSPITAL OF HUMANITY AT PARIS, AND
PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.

Translated from the French.

BY GEORGE HAYWARD, M.D.

FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES,
AND OF THE MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOLUME I.

BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY RICHARDSON AND LORD.

J. H. A. FROST, PRINTER.
1822.



DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit:

District Clerk's Office.

Be it remembered, that on the seventeenth day of April, A. D. 1822, in the forty-sixth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Richardson & Lord, of the said District, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit:

"General Anatomy, applied to Physiology and Medicine; by Xavier Bichat, Physician of the Great Hospital of Humanity at Paris, and Professor of Anatomy and Physiology. Translated from the French, by George Hayward, M. D. Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Massachusetts Medical Society. In three Volumes. Volume I."

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the times therein mentioned:" and also to an Act entitled, "An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled, An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies during the times therein mentioned; and extending the Benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Engraving and Etching Historical and other Prints."

JOHN W. DAVIS,
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts.