Geographical etymology: a dictionary of place-names giving their derivations

Chapter 4: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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About This Book

The volume compiles derivations of place-names from Celtic, Teutonic, Scandinavian and other linguistic sources, presenting root words and modifying elements with concise explanations. It explains the organizational principles used, notably that Celtic roots often appear at the beginning of compound names while Teutonic roots tend to come last, and supplies an index to assist lookup. Intended for teachers, pupils, and travellers, it aims to connect toponymy with geography, history, and local characteristics so names reveal physical or cultural facts. The introduction discusses the value of etymological study and offers practical guidance for using the entries.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Anc. (ancient).
Ar. (Arabic).
A. S. (Anglo-Saxon).
Bret. or Brez. (Brezric).
Cel. (Celtic).
Conf. (confluence).
Cym.-Cel. (Cymro-Celtic, including Welsh).
Dan. (Danish).
Dut. (Dutch).
Fr. (French).
Gadhelic (including Gaelic, Irish, and Manx).
Gael. (Gaelic).
Ger. (German).
Grk. (Greek).
Heb. (Hebrew).
Hung. (Hungarian).
Ind. (Indian).
It. (Italian).
Lat. (Latin).
Mt. (mountain).
Par. (parish).
Pers. (Persian).
Phœn. (Phœnician).
P. N. (personal name).
Port. (Portuguese).
R. (river).
Sansc. (Sanscrit).
Scand. (Scandinavian).
Sclav. (Sclavonic).
Span. (Spanish).
Teut. (Teutonic).
Turc. (Turkish).