WeRead Powered by ReaderPub

German Science Reader / An Introduction to Scientific German, for Students of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering cover

German Science Reader / An Introduction to Scientific German, for Students of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering

Chapter 97: 38.

By Charles Frederick Kroeh

Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

Engineering & Technology Language & Communication Mathematics Science - Chemistry/Biochemistry Science - Physics

About This Book

This reader presents progressively arranged German selections designed to build a practical scientific vocabulary for students of physics, chemistry, and engineering. It concentrates on fundamental definitions, descriptions, processes, and problems drawn from arithmetic, algebra, geometry, physics, and chemistry, accompanied by grammatical notes and glosses. Exercises and worked problems reinforce reading and translation practice, with an emphasis on pronunciation and repeated reading as retention strategies. The material is organized to expose learners to recurring technical terms and constructions so they can develop independent facility in reading scientific German.

21.

selbstleuchtend: self-luminous.
[1]
lassen sich ungezwungen erklären: may be explained in a natural (lit. unforced) way.
[2]
das Mittel: medium.
[3]
der Lichtäther: luminiferous ether.
[4]
daran ... dass: by the fact that; lit. by this, namely that ..., Daran represents the following clause and anticipates it.
[5]
Besitzen; see 1 Note 2.
[6]
der Kernschatten: umbra; der Kern, kernel.
[7]
der Halbschatten: penumbra.
[8]
unmittelbar: directly.
[9]
auf ... angewiesen: confined to.
[10]
der Einfallswinkel: angle of incidence.
[11]
der Schirm: screen.
[12]

22.

der ebene Spiegel: plane mirror.
[1]
das Spiegelbild: reflected image.
[2]
der Senkrechte: the vertical, perpendicular; see 1 Note 10.
[3]
einem ... Kreis: a circle.
[4]
der Durchschnitt: section.
[5]
Perlen: beads.
[6]
beim Hineinblicken: on looking in.
[7]
ein ... Mittel: a medium.
[8]
zwei ... Ebenen: two planes. This sentence is an example of one compound adjective construction within another.
[9]
brechend: refracting.
[10]
einen ... Spalt: a slit.
[11]
bandförmig auseinandergezogen: drawn out in the form of a ribbon.
[12]
brechbar: refrangible.
[13]
einzelne: single, separate, individual.
[14]
derartig: that kind, such.
[15]
indem man; see 1 Note 9.
[16]
das Knallgebläse: oxy-hydrogen blowpipe.
[17]
die betreffenden Metalle: the metals in question.
[18]
geschlossen werden kann: conclusions may be drawn.
[19]

23.

vermittelt: transmitted.
[1]
schrieb ... zu (zuschreiben): ascribed, attributed.
[2]
und zwar: and moreover.
[3]
nimmt ... zu ... ab (zunehmen, abnehmen); increases, decreases.
[4]
see 1 Note 9.
[5]
die Lagenänderung: change of position.
[6]
bei; see 13 Note 12.
[7]
der Abstand: distance apart.
[8]

24.

um: to the extent of, by.
[1]
bezw. (beziehungsweise); see 2 Note 10.
[2]
der Träger: beam, girder.
[3]
das Mauerwerk: masonry.
[4]
der Radreifen: tire of a wheel.
[5]
gilt (gelten): holds true.
[6]
der Schrumpfring: hoop shrunk on a gun.
[7]
bei; see 13 Note 12.
[8]
übt ... aus (ausüben): exerts.
[9]
die Dampfspannung, die Spannkraft: tension.
[10]
es bilden sich: there are formed.
[11]
Verdampfen: vaporization.
[12]
Verdunsten: evaporation (without artifical heat.)
[13]

25.

bei; see 13 Note 12.
[1]
die Vakuumpfanne: vacuum pan.
[2]
die Zuckersiederei: sugar refinery; sieden, to boil.
[3]
umgekehrt: conversely.
[4]
der Papinsche Topf: Papin's digestor.
[5]
das Sicherheitsventil: safety-valve.
[6]
die Spannkraft: the tension.
[7]
See 1 Note 9.
[8]
absperren: to bar off = to confine.
[9]
noch so gross: never so great, no matter how great.
[10]
tropfbar: capable of forming drops.
[11]
See 18 Note 6.
[12]
der Grenzwert: limit of value; limit.
[13]

26.

einen beliebig grossen Zwischenraum: a distance as great as may be desired = any distance.
[1]
die Strahlung: radiation.
[2]
die Leitung: conduction.
[3]
gleicht sich ... aus (sich ausgleichen): equalizes itself.
[4]
wir haben uns ... vorzustellen: we must conceive.
[5]
hierbei: in this case.
[6]
übermittelt: transferred, communicated.
[7]
See 13 Note 12.
[8]
die Wärmeeinheit: heat unit.
[9]
um; see 24 Note 1.
[10]
die Heizungstechnik: heating industry.
[11]

27.

um; see 24 Note 1.
[1]
die Menge: quantity.
[2]
wobei: in which case; see 13 Note 12.
[3]
See 13 Note 12.
[4]
Aggregatzustandsveränderungen: changes in the state of aggregation (i. e. from liquid to solid etc.).
[5]
also; see 2 Note 2.
[6]
umgekehrt: conversely.
[7]
ermitteln: to ascertain.
[8]
vermag = kann.
[9]
niederschlagen: to precipitate.
[10]

28.

entsteht: arises, is formed, comes into existence.
[1]
die Arbeitsgrösse: amount (lit. magnitude) of work.
[2]
im Mittel: on an average.
[3]
wobei: in which case.
[4]
eine angesaugte und ... verdichtete Luftmenge: a sucked up and ... condensed quantity of air.
[5]
die Pleuelstange: connecting rod.
[6]
die Kurbel: crank.
[7]
die Welle: axle.
[8]
das Schwungrad: flywheel.
[9]
dabei: in that case.
[10]
See 13 Note 12.
[11]
der Uebergang: transition.
[12]
dabei: at the same time.
[13]
der Kolbenhub: stroke of the piston.
[14]
setzen ... um (umsetzen): convert.
[15]

29.

der Zylinder: cylinder. Some writers change c's of Latin Swords to z or k according to the sound.
[1]
sperren: to bar, to cut off.
[2]
die Steuervorrichtung: lit. appliance for steering = slide-valve.
[3]
wobei, hierbei, dabei; see 28 Notes, 4, 10, 13 and 26 Note 6.
[4]
niedrigerer: lower, note the comparative expressed by the first er.
[5]
geht verloren: is lost.
[6]
ausfallen kann: may turn out.
[7]
indem man ... verwendete und ... antrieb; see 1 Note 9.
[8]
der Wirkungsgrad: degree of effect = efficiency.
[9]
Dampfstrahlen: jets of steam.
[10]
das Schaufelrad: paddle wheel, blade wheel.
[11]

30.

Energiearten: kinds of energy.
[1]
beliebig: any ... whatever.
[2]
zutragen: take place.
[3]
der Kreisprozess: cycle.
[4]
am allgemeinsten: in the most general way.
[5]
das Niveau: level.
[6]
so fasst man ... auf: we conceive.
[7]
begriffen: engaged (in).
[8]
Wärme is the object of enthalten.
[9]
zieht ... an (anziehen): attracts.
[10]
dagegen: on the other hand.
[11]
stossen ... ab (abstossen): repel.
[12]

31.

dadurch, dass man; see 1 Note 9.
[1]
Es stellte sich dabei heraus: it turned out in this case.
[2]
in gleicher Hinsicht: with the same purpose.
[3]
darstellen: represent, constitute.
[4]
lagern: arrange.
[5]
sich aufheben: neutralize each other.
[6]
herzustellen: to produce, make.
[7]
das Beharrungsvermögen: capacity for persistence = inertia.
[8]
sich einstellen: take its place.
[9]
vorzustellen: to place before (the mind) = to imagine.
[10]

32.

der Richtung nach: as regards direction.
[1]
der Leiter: conductor.
[2]
und zwar: and moreover.
[3]
woraus zu schliessen ist: from which it is to be concluded.
[4]
also; see 2 Note 2.
[5]
Berührungsstellen: points of contact.
[6]
dem 300. Teil: to the 300th part. The period after 300 indicates the ending sten.
[7]
der Schliessungsbogen: closing arc = conductor which closes the circuit.
[8]

33.

die Zeiteinheit: unit of time.
[1]
der Querschnitt: cross section.
[2]
die ... Elektrizitätsmenge: the quantity of electricity.
[3]
die Stromabgabe: current delivery = amount of current delivered.
[4]
mit Bezug auf: with regard to.
[5]
wirksam: active.
[6]
die Schaltung: connection.
[7]
soll ... herbeigeführt werden: is to be brought about.
[8]
indem sie ... bedingt wird: as it is governed by.
[9]
der Akkumulator: storage battery.
[10]
etwa: possibly; transl. any.
[11]
Bleisuperoxyd: peroxide of lead, PbO₂.
[12]
sowohl ... wie: as well ... as = both ... and.
[13]
das schwefelsaure Blei: sulphate of lead.
[14]
die E. M. K. (elektromotorische Kraft): electromotive force.
[15]
bezw. (beziehungsweise); see 2 Note 10.
[16]
Mennigeschichten: layers of red oxide of lead (minium).
[17]
das Gitter: lattice work, bars.
[18]

34.

unterscheiden sich: are distinguished.
[1]
der Gleichstrom: direct current.
[2]
der Wechselstrom: alternating current.
[3]
die Erregung, Influenz, Induktion: induction (three synonyms).
[4]
der Dauermagnet: permanent magnet.
[5]
der Anker: armature.
[6]
der Schenkel: limb, branch.
[7]
der Polwechsel: change of pole.
[8]
die Anbringung: attachment, addition.
[9]
der Stromwender: commutator.
[10]
die Vorrichtung: appliance, contrivance.
[11]
u. dergl. (und dergleichen): and the like.
[12]
der Kupferblechstreifen: strip of sheet copper.
[13]
die Klemme: clamp, binding post.
[14]
der Eisenkern: iron core.
[15]
die Nut: groove, rabbet.
[16]
eingefrässt: cut out.
[17]
indem die ... Ströme: (in that =) as the currents.
[18]

35.

der Anker: armature.
[1]
einem Eisenring: an iron ring. This sentence contains one compound adjective clause within another.
[2]
die Welle: shaft, axle.
[3]
wobei: while at the same time.
[4]
der: to the.
[5]
in der Tat (That): indeed.
[6]
wohl: probably.
[7]
nämlich: translate by beginning the sentence with For.
[8]
indem ... entsteht: as there is formed.
[9]
allerdings: to the sure.
[10]
die Reihenbewickelung: series winding.
[11]
die Nebenschlussbewickelung: shunt winding.
[12]
die Leistung: performance, efficiency.
[13]
das Eisengestell: iron frame.
[14]

36.

eigentlich: properly so called, real.
[1]
der Stromkreis: circuit.
[2]
abgeben: deliver.
[3]
bedürfen: require (followed by the genitive).
[4]
der Abnutzung unterliegt: is subject to wear and tear.
[5]
Betriebsstörungen: disturbances = irregularities in running.
[6]
die Klemme: clamp, binding post.
[7]
indem man ... verwandelt; see 1 Note 9.
[8]
die Drehstrommaschine: three phase motor.
[9]
Nebenapparate: secondary apparatus.
[10]
Ergänzungsmittel: means of completion = supplements.
[11]
der Wirbelstrom: eddy current.
[12]
Kern- und Manteltransformationen: core and shell transformers.
[13]
untergebracht: placed.
[14]

37.

die Anlage: plant.
[1]
Starkstromleitungen: conductors for powerful currents.
[2]
Licht- und Kraftbetrieb: production of light and power.
[3]
in der Regel: as a rule.
[4]
verseilt: covered with rope.
[5]
stark: heavy, thick (the usual meaning is strong).
[6]
in ihrer Gesamtheit: in their totality = all taken together.
[7]
das Isolirband: insulating tape.
[8]
Strassenumwühlungen: digging up the streets.
[9]
die Armierung: strengthening.
[10]
Muffen: sleeves.
[11]
Anschlussstellen: places for the connections.
[12]
Anschlussgruben: man holes (Grube: pit).
[13]
die Schmelzsicherung: safety-fuse.
[14]
Karton: pasteboard.
[15]
der Wandverputz: plastering.
[16]
Aus- und Einschalten: connecting and disconnecting.
[17]
der Schalter: switch.
[18]
der Umschalter: four point switch.
[19]

38.

der Gleichstrommotor: direct current motor.
[1]
der Wirkungsgrad: degree of efficiency.
[2]
der Stromwender: commutator.
[3]
der is the subject of the three verbs ist, geben kann and verbietet.
[4]
das Funkensprühen: sparking.
[5]
Anlass geben: to give rise.
[6]
die Steinkohlengrube: coal mine.
[7]
schlagende Wetter: fire-damp.
[8]
die Spannung: tension.
[9]
starke Querschnitte: large cross sections.
[10]
unbequem: inconvenient.
[11]
angehen: to start.
[12]
eine ... Geschwindigkeit: a velocity.
[13]
überhaupt: at all events.
[14]
den ... Stromwechseln: the alternations of the current.
[15]
übereinstimmen: correspond, synchronize.
[16]
des ... Magnetfeldes: of the magnetic field.
[17]
unterliegt: is subject.
[18]
derartig: such.
[19]
asynchron: asynchronous (not synchronous).
[20]

39.

die Eigenschaft: property.
[1]
die Umwandlung: conversion.
[2]
der Stoff: substance.
[3]
der Grundstoff: fundamental substance, element.
[4]
ohne dass ... gesagt werden kann: without (our) being able to say.
[5]
das Merkmal: characteristic.
[6]
das Verhalten: behavior.
[7]
Druck- und Temperaturverhältnisse: conditions of pressure and temperature.
[8]
nimmt ... ein (einnehmen): occupies.
[9]
See 1 Note 2.
[10]
Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffgas: oxygen and nitrogen gas.
[11]
See 13 Note 12.
[12]
See 24 Note 1.
[13]

40.

lassen sich ... überführen: may be converted.
[1]
leichter ... schwieriger: more easily, more difficulty.
[2]
bestimmt: certain, definite.
[3]
dabei; see 28 Note 13.
[4]
hängt davon ab: depends upon the condition.
[5]
entwickelnd: developing, disengaging.
[6]
die Spannung: tension.
[7]
also: that is to say.
[8]
dementsprechend: corresponding to that = accordingly.
[9]
beziehen: to refer.
[10]
das Merkmal: characteristic.
[11]
die Erkennung: recognition, identification.
[12]
die Reindarstellung: preparing in the pure state.
[13]
die Kohlensäure: carbonic acid.
[14]
der Schwefelwasserstoff: sulphuretted hydrogen.
[15]
der Chlorwasserstoff: hydrochloric acid.
[16]
nimmt ab (abnehmen): diminishes.
[17]