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Grammar and Vocabulary of the Lau Language, Solomon Islands

Chapter 27: L
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A descriptive grammar and vocabulary of the Lau language that documents its sounds and orthography, vowel and consonant inventory, syllable patterns and sound correspondences with neighboring tongues. It systematically treats articles, pronouns, verb morphology, word formation and parts of speech, and provides paradigms, example sentences and lexical lists. Field observations on dialectal variation and orthographic decisions accompany translations and usage notes to illustrate grammatical points and vocabulary entries.

ini v. tr., to pinch, ini i luana, to throttle. S. 'ini.

inia pers. pron. sing. 3. he, she, it; used as subj. and followed by nia. S.inge'ie.

inite; inite arai, the elders.

initoo to be glorious; soe initoo, to glorify; too initoo, the rulers; initoo, initoola, majesty.

inumae v. i., to be orphaned, to be poor.

inumaea v. n., an orphan. S. inemae.

inunufa- (gu) n., because of. S. inunuha.

ingo v. i. to beseech.

ingosi v. tr., to beseech.

ingotaini v. tr., to provoke.

ingola v. n., inakesi ingola, to beseech.

ioe pers. pron. sing. 2. thou, used as subj. and followed by o. S. i'oe.

iqa v. 1. to be spoilt, shed, of fluid.

irogi adv., yesterday.

irori v. tr., to mix, mingle, stir up.

isara adv., shore, to the shore.

ise, isegi, ise na adv., here.

isi; isilana, the end; isiburi, to be last, finally; isingana ne, from henceforth; sae isingana, leave off speaking.

isuli prep. motion after, motion over; isulia rodo mana asua, by day and night; lea isulia, go after him. S. isuli.

ita adv., motion from; ita ana mai, up to here; ita mai ifai, whence; ita na ma inao, from of old.

itafu- (gu) n., on behalf of.

iu, iuka affirmative, yes.

K

ka verbal particle, used of present or of future time, or of consequent action; nia ka bae uri, he speaks thus; gamelu ka ania si taa, what shall we eat? sui ta nia kafi bae uri, thereupon he says; lelea ka rodo, go till nightfall; may be used in negative sentences with the addition of si, not; kasi bobola, it is not fitting. U. 'a.

kada n., a period; kada na, kada ni, at the time when; i kada uta, when? kade manga, while; kade beu, inner chamber.

kafo water; si kafo, a bamboo water carrier.

kakalu a well of water. S. kilu.

kakamu (na) n., edge, border.

kakao basin, vessel, coconut shell cut to make a spoon. S. kaokao.

kakara egg; fe kakarai kua, hen's egg.

kakasi v. tr., to carve.

kakau (gu) n., finger. S. kau.

kame (na) n., used with locative i, by the side of (of things).

kamu v. i., to eat areca nut. S. damu.

kani v. tr., to bind.

kanila v. n., a binding.

kanikulu v. tr., to hang up, suspend.

kao a bamboo water carrier. Cf. kafo.

kari v. tr., to tear, rend, break open, take to pieces.

kau, kakau, v. tr., to bind, tie.

kakari v. i., to be torn.

kauraa v. tr., to mend, patch.

ke article, followed by si 2.; ro kesi kurui bata, two pieces of money; added to te, teke si gula, a part.

kede, kekede v. tr., to cut, carve, write.

kedela n., inscription, writing, letter.

kedekedea, kekedea, adj., gorgeous, bright-colored.

kekerofa (na) n., of, amongst; ada kekerofana, choose from among; mou kekerofana, fearful of.

keketo v. tr., to judge.

keketola v. n., judgment.

keo v. i., to be blind; mwane keo, a blind man.

kete- (gu) 1. n., head; i ketena, on his head.

kete 2. v. tr., to cut; too kete, to cut in pieces.

ki v. i., to be troubled in mind; liona kafi ki, his mind was troubled.

kiki v. tr., to pour,

kila a stone axe. S. 'ile.

kilu a hole, grave, well; kilu ni kafo, a well of water. S. kilu.

kilugwou a tomb. S. kiliqeu.

kirio porpoise. Mota ririgo. S. 'iri'o.

ko 1. verbal particle, used only with o pers. pron. sing. 2. oko; denotes consequence of action, used of present or future time,

ko- (gu) 2. n., ancestor; ko gia gi, our fathers. S. kookoo.

kobu v. i., to be fat.

kobukobula, adj. fat.

koburo N. W. wind. Florida komburo.

kokomu an islet. S. komukomu.

kone 1. n. a flood of waters; 2. v. i. to be in flood. S. kone.

kore; ruru kore, an avalanche. S. kore.

kua fowl; kakarai kua, fowl's egg.

kubou a staff.

kudo; qae kudona, guiltless,

kukui a dog. Mao. kuri.

kulu 1. v. tr., to bury at sea. S. kulu.

kulu 2. cf kanikulu.

kuru 1. a piece, section, kurui bata, a piece of money, ro kurui doo, two sections.

kuru 2. v. i., to be maimed.

kuru 3. v. i., to sink.

kuta v. i., to shake. S. kute.

L

la 1. termination of verbal nouns; attached to verbs; mae, to die, maela, death; bae, to speak, baela, speech; the meaning seems to be gerundival and to denote the act of doing a thing. Cf. S. la 5.

la 2. termination of the verbal nouns, attached to certain nouns; te, mother, ro mwai telana, mother and daughter; attached to verbs; tasa, ro fe tasala, twice as much.

la 3. adjectival ending; attached to verbs; taga, to be scattered, tagala, promiscuously; tagalo, to be lost, tagalola, lost; teo, teteola; attached to nouns, mwai, mwaila.

labu v. tr., to assault. S. rapu.

labua n., point, prick, splinter.

lada v. i., to fall down. S. lada,

lade deep water, secure anchorage. S. lade.

lado v. tr., to join, knit; lado ae, to follow.

ladola v. n., a member.

lafi, lalafi v. v. tr., to take up, pull up, draw out, Mota lav.

lafu 1. v. tr., to pull, to wrench, pluck.

lafu 2. to be worn out, old; lafue toongi, old clothes. S. lahu.

lafusi, lalafusi, v. tr., to be ignorant of.

lai transitive suffix to verb; tege, tegelai. S. la'i.

lala v. i., to stretch; lala fonosi, protect. S. lala'i.

lalaba v. i., to walk about. S. la'alapa.

lalabata, court yard.

lalago v. i., to cling. S. nanako.

lalano the ground immediately above the beach.

lalanga v. i., to be dry, without coconut milk (of yam puddings), unleavened; usu lalanga to wipe dry. S. langa.

lali (na) 1. n., root, lali ngado, to be firmly rooted.

lali 2. v. tr., to drive.

lalao v. i., to run.

lalaoa v. n., a herald. Mota valago.

lalifu (na) n. corner.

laliqate v. i., to make an oration, to preach.

laliqatela v. n. S. wale.

lamua a dove; fe lamua; ta ro fe lamua, two doves.

langae, to throw; langae fou, to cast stones.

langi 1. negative, no, not; e may be prefixed; used as negative particle; e langi nau gu lea, I did not go; si may be added, nia langi si saea, he does not know, e langi nau gu si lea, I am not going; e langi si langi lau, not again; langi lau no more; langi ana, not existing, lost; langi ta, or, if not; ma langi, ma e langi, or not, in questions; lalangi ana, nothing.

langi 2. sky, heaven; ilangi. S. langi.

lao (na) n, in; lao rodo, at night; i laogamu, amongst you, in you, laona maamu, in your eye. S. lalo.

laongi v. tr., to cross, step over; S. laongi.

Lau 1. name of the language spoken by the coast peoples of Big Malaita on the artificial Islets off northeast coast, spoken also at Port Adam on Little Malaita.

lau 2. adv. again, anew, also; go may be added, inau lau go. S. lou.

lau 3. v. tr., to wrest, abduct; lau doola, extortion; lau fafi, to deliver. S. lau.

lausi v. tr., bae lausit to compel.

lea lelea, v. i., to go; lea fonosi, to afflict; lea isuli, to follow.

leafi v. tr., to cause to move.

lelea v. n., going.

leala v. n., a herald. S. lae.

lebelebe v. i., to be weak, sick.

lebelebela v. n., trembling.

ledi 1. v. tr., to ask a question; aoe ledi, to question a person.

ledila v. n., questioning.

ledi 2. v. tr., to abominate, to renounce; qatiedi. S. leledi.

lelefe, a dish, bowl, of wood.

li 1. genitive; maalimaea, enemy; maalitafa, channel; a variant of ni.

li 2. transitive suffix to verbs, mae, maeli.

lifo (gu) n. tooth; girigiri lifoa, gnashing of teeth. S. niho.

liligali (nau), prep, all around. S. lilikeli.

lima 1. (gu) n. hand, arm. S. nime.

lima 2. numeral, five; e lima. S. lime.

limana ordinal, fifth, the fifth time.

lingisi v. tr., to reverse, turn upwards. S. lingi.

liqa, cave, hole. S. liwe.

liu, liliu v. i., to ply, come, pass by; liu idu, to pass by; liliu kali, to spread; liu inao fuagamu, go in front of you. liufa v. n., an epidemic. S. liu.

lio 1. v. i., to look, seem.

lio (gu) n., appearance. S. lio.

lio 2. (gu) n., heart, mind; lio sarofaia, harmless; lio bukonua, sorrow; ro si lio double mind; lio too, to be wise, lio tooa, lio toola, wisdom; alu te si lio, to be brave.

lita (gu) n., waist, loins,

lo adv., there, used with go, and gi; ita mai logo, thence; logo north west; na ogule boso logi, the herd of swine over there.

lobo v. i., a lake, pond. S. lopo.

lofo 1 v. i., to jump, to fly; lofo laongi, to jump over; ano lofo, dust.

lofoi v. tr., to assault. S. loho.

lofo 2. (na) n, in the neighborhood of, over against, opposite to; i lofona fera, opposite the village.

logosi v. tr., to incline, bend. S. lolosi.

lola v. i., to drown.

lologu v. i., to be palsied, crippled. S. loku.

lolosi v. tr., to bend. S. lolosi.

lolou v. i., to make a noise, reverberate. S. lolou.

loo v. i., to be fierce, wild, suspicious.

falooi, to persecute, cause to be wild. S. loo.

looua grass.

loulou 1. v. i., to be quick; 2. adv., quickly, quick. S. lauleu.

loulou 3. adj., whole, entire, in one piece. S. laku.

lu contraction for olu three, used to form trial number of pronoun; dalu, golu, etc. S. lu.

luga v. i., to loose.

lugatai, lugataini v. v. tr.

lugala v. n., loosing. S. luhe.

lui v. tr., to forbid, reserve; alu lui to set a taboo mark on. S. luu'i

lukumi v. tr., to restrain.

lulua 1. a stranger, guest.

lulua 2. a basket of plaited coconut leaf. S. luelue.

luu v. tr., to move, to depart. S. luu.

M

m adjectival prefix; moi broken.

ma 1. conjunction; ma ana, though; ma ka langi, or not, in questions; ma ta, but.

ma 2. adjectival prefix of condition; madiu; matala. S. ma.

maa 1. (gu) n., eye, face, aperture, gate; i maa, at the door, in the courtyard; gula i maa, outside; maana bara, gate; maa too (gu) to visit; toongi bono maa, sackcloth: 2. art. one, a; maa ni dara gi, young men; fai maae oru qailiu, the four winds; maae dangi, a day, maae dangi i fafo, two days hence; maae rodo, darkness; maae fera, a village. S. maa.

maa 3. voc., father; maa nau, father. S. ma'a.

maabala to no effect; rao maabala, to work unprofitably. S. maatala.

maabe v. i., to be willing; mu maabe ni elela, you were willing to rejoice.

maadara (gu) n., forehead. S. dara.

maafu v. tr., to cover with wrappings; maafu maa, to blindfold.

maala an ulcer, a sore.

maaligwou v. i., to be thirsty, gwou 1.

maalimaea enemy. mae.

maalitafa channel in reef. S. maalitawa.

maamana; ro maamana, father and son.

maasi v. tr., to await, expect.

maasia adj., while.

maauugala to mock at, used with poss.

mabe v. i., to be obedient, willing; manata mabe, patient. Cf. gwarimabe.

mabesi v. tr., to correct, rebuke.

madafi v. tr., to perceive, feel.

madalaba oven.

madiu adj., different, other, another, astray; too madiu gi, gentiles,

madiua 1. exclam. well, I never! 2. adj. different. S. diu.

mae, mamae v. i., to die, to be ill, to be numb, to be eclipsed, of moon.

maeli v. tr., to die of; bae maeli, to condemn to death.

maea v. n., death, sickness,

maela (gu) v. n., death, danger,

maemaefa v. n., sickness. S. mae.

mafo v. i., to be healed. Mota mawo.

magu n. clothing; si magu.

mai 1. adv., here, hither, this way; ita ana mai, hither; ita mai logo, thence. S. mai,

mai 2. transitive suffix to verb, ala, alamai; fatola, fatolamai. S. ma'i.

makalokalo adj., in the early morning, used with locative i.

makeso adj., weak, feeble.

Mala 1. Malaita; Mala baita, Big Malaita; Mala Tout, Little Malaita.

mala 2. mala iteite v. tr., to wound. Cf. S. mala masi.

malefo shell money,

malengai coconut,

malimali adj., sweet. S. malimeli.

malingi adj., split, overturned. S. malingi.

mamagu; v. i. bae mamagu, to revile.

mamagua n., weakness,

mamaloni adv., only, merely,

mamalu 1.(gu) n., a shadow; 2. v. i., to cast a shadow; sato e mamalu, it is towards evening. S. mamalu.

mamana v. i., to be true, real; doo mamana, truly; manata mamana, to believe.

mamanaa truly.

mamanaa n., power. S. nanama.

mana used of numerals over ten; aqala mana fai. U. mana.

manata 1. v. i., to think; manata suli to know; manata luga, to for- give; manata too (gu) to remember.

manatai v. tr. to pity.

manataila v. n., 1. pity, mercy; 2. thought. S. manata.

manata 2. v. i., to be quiet, tame. S. manata.

mani; qaimani, to help; qaimani fainau, help me; fatake qaimani, to be a peacemaker.

qaimania, v. n., a company. S. mani.

manu bird. S. manu.

manga time, occasion, place; i kade manga, at the time; i kade manga na, now; si manga uta, when?

mangata (na) n., midst, middle; used with loc. i. S. matanga.

mangisingisi adj., broken in pieces. ngi.

mango (gu) n. life, breath; mango fu, to be sad; mango suu, to faint.

mangoli v. tr., to breathe upon. S. mango.

mao 1. v. i., to dance. 2. n., a dance.

maoli v. tr., to dance; maoli mao. S. mao.

mara- (gu) n. of own accord, alone. S. maraa.

maraqai; alu maraqai, to become red and glowering, of sky.

marigo (gu) n. flesh, body.

matafa- (na) n., too matafana, to know. S. mataqa.

matai, mamatai v. i., to have ague; matai afedali, fever.

mataia v. n., disease, a sick person; si mataia.

matala adj., lone, alone, merely; tefe mwela matala, only son.

matanga (na) n., midst, used with locative; i mangata.

me for mai hither; lea fasi me, come here,

mea 1. (gu) n. tongue; 2. v. i., mea too, to taste of.

meali v. tr., to lick.

meafa (na) v. n., tongue; meafana ere, tongues of fire. S. mea.

meme in pieces; too meme to break in pieces.

mi 1. personal pron. pl. 1. excl. we; used by itself as subj. or follows gami.

mi 2. transitive suffix to verb; ano, anomi.

midi v. i., to taste; midi odonga ana, to taste of.

mode v. tr. to mend, patch.

modela v. n., a patch.

moi adj., broken. S. 'o'i.

moko, momoko 1. v. i., to be corrupt, to smell; 2. n., corruption.

mokola v. n., corruption;

mokofa- (na) v. n., the smell of.

molagali n., all the islands; the world,

momoi v. tr. to buffet; afe e momoia na ola, the wind buffeted the ship.

momoko; momoko ia, breast, bosom.

mone adv., gives life to the narrative; tamone; otomone.

mori, momori, as mouri, to live. Cf. S. moli, walaimoli, mauri.

morumoru v. i., to be broken in pieces. S. morumoru.

mou, momou, v. i., to fear.

mouni v. tr.

moumoula v. n., fear. S. mau.

mouli to be left-handed, awkward. S. mauli.

moumouli (gu) n., left hand.

mouri, momouri v. i., to live.

mourisi v. tr., to survive, escape from.

mouria v. n., life.

mourila- (gu) v. n., life. S. mauri.

mousi v. tr., to cut off, sever. S. mousi.

mu. 1. pers. pron. pl. 2. used by itself as subj. or follows gamu; mu kafi lea mai i angita, when will you come?

mu. 2. pronoun, suff. to nouns, sing. 2., thy.

mumudi crumb, chip, scrap; mumudi i doo, scraps.

MW

mwaa snake. S. mwaa.

mwaela laughter. famwaela.

mwaemwae v. i., to be obedient. S. mwae.

mwai 1. a bag;

mwaila adj., rich. S. mwa'i.

mwai 2. prefix marking reciprocity of relationship; ro mwai telana, mother and child; ro mwai fungona geni, mother and daughter-in-law; used as plural article, mwai asi nau, brethren. S. mwai.

mwaimwane, woman's brother, man's sister, a mwaimwane nau.

mwaluda adj., soft, gentle, kind, possible, easy.

mwane, a male, man, boy, exclam. you! added to proper nouns and to certain other words to show sex distinction. S. mwane.

mwaomwao v. i., to be weak, feeble.

mwela, child, boy, person; used with article ni of women; ni mwela ne, this woman; mwela bibiu, little child. S. mwela.

mwemwedua honey.

N

na 1. definite article, a, the; used with both sing. and pl.; gera na Grekia, the Greeks. Cf. Florida na. M. L. p. 524: na noni, the body; na sasigamu, your brethren; is in more frequent use than the corresponding nga in Sa'a; in many cases nouns are used without any article when the signification is general. S. nga.

na 2. pronoun suffixed to nouns, sing. 3; abana, his hand: added to the first of two nouns to express a genitive; i tolona fera, on the tops of the hills; gwauna na ai gi, head of men: added to cardinals to form ordinals. S. nd, Mota na.

na, nana 3. demonstrative pron., there, that, follows noun; si doo na, that thing.

na, nana 4. adv. follows the verb and denotes a preterite, already, finished; e sui na, e sui nana, it is finished; sui na, thereafter.

naga v. tr., to waste, to spend.

namo, inner harbour, lake, pool; suu i namo; asi namo a lake. S. namo.

nana, na 3. 4.

nani, nanani, v. i., to seek for.

nanisi v. tr.

nao (gu) n. face; with locative i; in front of, before; naoe gula, first place; i naogu, before my face; before my time, naonao tolia, chief portion at a feast.

nao v. i., to lead; nao tala, lead the way; eta inao, to lead. S. nao.

naofa (na) n. eldest, first, naofana mwela, eldest child, naofe mwela.

nare 1. v. tr., to roast on the embers.

nare 2. v. tr., to prepare, make ready, serve, wait upon.

nau 1. pers. pron. sing. 1. I, used by itself as subj. or follows inau; nau gu ote nau ni lea, I do not want to go. V. nau.

nau 2. as nau 1. but suff. as obj. to verbs and prepositions.

nau 3. fanau educate. S. nanau.

ne 1. demonstrative, there, that; a mwela ne, that person, he.

ne 2. interrogative pron. follows the interrogative ati, who; ati ne? e uta ne, how is it?

ne 3. v. i., to speak, make a sound.

nee v. i., to be still, silent.

nena demonstrative pron., that, follows the noun; doo nena, that thing.

neneo charcoal.

ni 1. genitive, of, belonging to; (a) used mainly in construction; fote ni fera, a native paddle; baea ni sugela, words of deceit, mwemwedua ni lalano, wild honey; (b) expressive of purpose, si gula ni lea inia, a place for him to go to; (c) expressive of condition, rosuli ni manatai gami, hear us in mercy, gera mou ni oli, they feared to return; fasia muka manata ni bae uri, think not to say thus; (d) added to verbal suffix giving transitive force foaa, foaataini. S. ni. Cf. M. L. p. 532.

ni 2. personal article used with the names of females, both native and foreign; ni Alida, also used with certain nouns which denote women where in Sa'a nga or a is used, ni te nau, my mother; ni mwaimwane, a man's sister or a woman's brother; ni aia, female relations; ni doo the woman; ni mwela ne, that woman; is not used with afe wife, nor with geni female; is not used with plural. Duke of York ne, M. L. p. 566, Gilb. Is. nei, Efate lei, S. kei.

ni 3. interrogative used to (a) call attention; ni ai? I say, you! (b) in the sense of, is that so? S. ni.

ni 4. demonstrative attached to ta, one, a; tani aiai, some people; to oto; tani oto ni saiai. S. ni 3.

ni 5. a detachable prefix; doo nifai, doo ifai, what thing? S. ni 4.

ni 6. transitive suffix to verbs; mou, mouni. S. ni.

ni 7. pers. pron. sing, 3. it, used in explanation; na light fuana noni ni maa, the light of the body is the eye; e uta ro si lio ni amu, why are you of two minds?

ni 8. suff. pron. pl. 3. neut; i talani, in their place. S. ni.

nia personal pronoun sing. 3. he, she, it; used by itself as subj, or follows inia. S. nge'ie.

niania v. tr., to deny, repudiate.

nifai interrog. pron. what, follows noun; doo nifai, what thing?

nima, ninima 1. (gu) n. hand, arm; ninimana tala, corner of the way, beside the way. S. nime.

nima 2. for lima five.

nina v. i. to be accustomed to, be able. S. nina.

noabu sparrow hawk.

noni (gu) n. body, shape, fashion; noni fii, to suffer; noni fiila v. n., suffering; nonilau, to be safe and sound. Mao tino.

nono v. i., to place the face against, to sniff, to kiss; nono faini, to kiss.

nonoi v. tr. S. nono.

nue v. i., to be foolish, dumb.

nuela v. n., folly.

nui (na) n. a nest. S. niui.

nuku v. i., to be wrinkled. S. nuku.

nunulu v. i., to wither. S. nunulu.

NG

ngado 1. v. i., to be firm; ngado fua, to trust, manata ngado ana, to rely on; too ngado, to remain firm.

ngado 2. i aena ngado, at the very bottom. S. i ngadona aena, at his feet.

ngae (na); adala i ngaena maa, envy. S. ngae.

ngaini transitive suffix to verb; saw, saungaini. S. nga'ini.

ngali 1. v. tr., to take, to receive.

ngalila v. n., burden.

ngali 2. canarium nut. S. ngali.

ngangarea adj., deep rooted.

ngasi v. i., to be firm, hard; bae ngasi, to speak sternly. Florida ngasi, hard.

ngi 1. v. tr., to divide; mangisingisi.

ngi 2. transitive suffix to verb; sau, saungi. S. ngi.

ngidu (gu) n., lip; ngidu auau fua, to hate. S. ngidu.

ngisi; fangisi, to acknowledge.

ngisu 1. v. i., to spit; 2. n. fe ngisu, spittle.

ngisufi v. tr., to spit on. S. ngisu.

ngosa v. i., to bud; ngosa faolu, just come into bud.

ngongosa, a spike, a horn; ngongose doo.

ngu 1. v. i., to sing; 2. n. a song.

nguli v. tr., to sing; ngulia ngu, to sing a song.

O

o pers. pron. sing. 2. thou, used by itself as subj. or follows ioe. S. o.

oa v. i. to share in.

oalangai v. tr., to distribute, to share in. S. 'oa.

oba v. tr., to take from, separate, divide. S. opa. Florida sopa.

obala v. n. separation.

odonga; midi odonga, to taste. S. ohonga.

odu v. tr., to command, order.

oe 1. an axe.

oe 2. v. i. to commit adultery.

oela v. n., adultery.

ofosi v. tr., to take down. S. oohosi.

ofu 1. v. i., together; ofu bae, to witness; 2. n. ofu si doo, a bundle.

ofu 3. v. i., to boil; ofu duqet to burst. S. ohu.

oga (gu) n., stomach, belly. S. 'oqa.

ogi (gu) 1. n., bone.

ogi (gu) 2. n., back, outside,

ogila a bone needle.

ogo a band, a creeper used for binding. S. oko.

ogosi v. tr., to destroy, pull down, uproot. S. ooho'i.

ogu 1. v. i., to collect, gather together; ogu malefola, money collecting; 2. adv., together, in company.

ogua v. n., company.

ogula v. n., ogule ai, a company of people.

oi v. tr., to break off. S. 'o'i.

oimae exclam. alas!

okasa unripe; maea okasa, sudden death.

oku summer. S. oku.

ola canoe, ship. S. 'iola.

ole v. tr., to betray; ole ilalo deceit.

oli 1. v. tr., to hold in the arms.

oli 2. v. tr., to return, go back; adv. back. S. 'oli.

olila v. n., return.

olisi v. tr., to answer; nia kafi olisida, then he answered them.

olitai partic. converted; olitai manata lau, repent.

olisusu v. i., to strive, quarrel, dispute, transgress; olisusu marana, to deny himself.

olo 1. v. i., to be deep.

olo 2. v. i., to cry out.

olosi v. tr.; olosia riilana, cried out.

olu numeral, three, e olu.

oluna ordinal, third, for the third time. S. 'olu.

omae v. i., to weep.

omaea v. n., omaela v. n., wailing. Cf. oimae.

onionga, to mock, used with poss.; onionga ana, mocked him.

ono numeral, six; e ono.

onona ordinal, sixth, for the sixth time. S. ono.

ongataini v. tr., to vex, annoy,

ongiongi v. tr., to deceive.

oo a drum. S. 'o'o.

oobala a shed, hut.

oofa- (na) approaching to, with child.

ooga v. tr., to be tied together, to incur a debt.

ooganga v. n., debt.

oolo v. i., to be straight; adj. straight.

ooloa v. n., straightness.

ooni adv., temporary, empty, idle, naked; too ooni go, fleeting.

ore v. i., to fail, to fall short of, to lack; ore fanga, to abstain from eating, fast; ore fua to be lacking; ore ana, to be lacking; ani ore, to eat and leave some over. S. ore.

oro v. i., to be many; adj. many. faoroa.

oru 1. v. i., to blow; n. wind. S. ooru.

oru 2. widow; qe oru, a widow.

oso (gu) n. food for a journey. S. oto.

ote 1. plural article; ote ai gi, you women; ote ruana his fellows; ote geni women.

ote 2. v. tr., to fash, cause ennui to; gera ote gera, it wearied them.

ote 3. valley.

oto adv. perhaps; oto mone, is it so? denotes indefiniteness, used with ni following, tani oto ni saiai, certain persons.

otofa- (na) because of, on account of.

Q

The sound represented by q is kw. In the words from Alite given by Dr. Codrington in M. L., p. p. 39 ff. the sound which appears in Lau as q is there written as ku; e. g. kuai, Lau qai, Sa'a wai, water; q in Lau may represent w in Sa'a qato, waato; qalu, walu; Ulaqa, Ulawa.

qadangi v. tr., to open up.

qae 1. v. tr., to beat, strike; qae mousi, to strike and cut off; qae maeli to kill with blows.

qae; 2. qae tafusi, to strain.

qae; 3. qae kudona, guiltless.

qai 1. prefixed to verbs, denotes reciprocity; sua, to encounter, qaisuasuafi, to meet; manata, to think, qaifamanatai to instruct; liu to move position, qailiu reciprocally; mani, (Sa'a mani, altogether), qaimani, to stand together, be of help to. The action of the original verb is enlarged and the subject included.

qai 2. n., water; maana qai, mouth of the stream, a harbor on the northeast coast, south of Aio.

qai 3. v. tr., to load, to fill up.

qaiara n., a command.

qaiaraa n., reward.

qaidori v. tr., to desire.

qaidoria v. n., desire. dori.

qaiduu v. tr., to revenge.

qaiduula v. n., vengeance. duu.

qaierisi v. tr., to command, importune.

qaierisia v. n., a command. erisi.

qaifamanatai v. tr., to instruct.

qaifamanataila v. n., instruction. manata

qaife; qaife agalo to drive out evil spirits; mwane qaife agalo a witch doctor.

qailangaini v. tr., to wag, nod, waive. langa, up.

qailiu adv., reciprocally, used of mutual action; manata baita fuagamu, qailiu, love one another; lea qailiu, to walk about. liu.

qailiua adj., humble, of low estate.

qaimaasi v. tr., to await, expect. maasi.

qaimanata v. tr., to have mercy upon, pity.

qaimanataia v. n., mercy. manata.

qaimani 1. v. tr., to help; qaimani fai, qaimani faini, to help; 2. used as prep., together, in company with; 3. v. i., to be reconciled with.

qaimania with one accord. S. mani.

qairaofai v. i., to agree with. rao to work.

qaisagali v. tr., to revolt, commit insurrection, take up arms, trouble,vex.

qaisagalia v. n., an insurrection.

qaisuasuafi v. tr,, to meet, encounter. sua.

qaisusu v. tr., to sacrifice.

qaisusia v. n., a sacrifice.

qaitaa v. i., to be a stranger; too ni qaitaa, to be a stranger. S. awataa.

qaitaga v. tr., to cause to scatter.

qaitali v. tr., to be disobedient to.

qala v. i., to lay an accusation; qala fafi, to accuse a person.

qalafi v. tr., to be delivered of a child.

qalu, 1. numeral, eight; e qalu.

qaluna, ordinal, eighth, for the eighth time.

qalu 2. v. i., to emerge; qalu tafa, to emerge from. S. waru.

qanga n., thunder, a gun.

qangafi of the lightning; sinamaaru ka qanagafia, the lightning 'thundered.'

qangareo v. i., to pass by.

qaqalifola v. i., to be pure, clean, fotoqaqalifola, a great calm.

qaqalila adj., cold, of the weather.

qaqaoa adj., white, clean.

qarao a creeper used for tying; an iron nail. S. wa'arao.

qare v. tr., to castrate.

qarela adj., stony.

qate v. i., to make an oration, is preceded by lali; laliqate, to make an oration; lali qatela v. n., an oration. S. wale.

qato a digging stick. S. waato.

qe 1. article; qe afe, a woman; qe oru, a widow; qe ia, a fish; na may be prefixed; na qe ia gi, the fishes. Nengone, Gaua, wa, we, M. L., p. 71.

qe 2. a simpleton, fool; gera qe, fools,

qele, qeqele, v. i., used with poss., to wonder at, be surprised.

qelela v. n., wonderment, surprise.

qesu, qeqesu v. i., 1. to smoulder, burn; 2. to shine. S.'eso

qiqi n., a drop; qiqisi abu, drops of blood.

R

raa v. i., to climb up.;

raaraa n., light, sunlight; na raaraa. S. raaraa.

rabu, rarabu, rabusi, v. tr., to hit, strike, beat. S. rapu

rade n., a reed; fe rade. S. rade.

rafai v. tr., to exalt, elevate.

rage (gu) n., mind, heart, womb; rage ruarua, v. i., to doubt; rage sasu, to be angry; rage sasua, rage sasula, anger.

rakaraka; abu rakaraka, a flow of blood.

ramo v. i., to be strong; ramofua, to deliver.

ramola v. n., strength. S. ramo.

rao, rarao v. tr., to work; rao ana abana, his handiwork; rao uri, to do like, to work at, to tend.

raoa v. n., raola v. n., work.

rara 1. v. i., to be withered, ripe.

rarasi v. i., to shrivel, dwindle. S. rara.

rara 2. n., brightness, glory. S. rara.

rarafolo, stretched across, a crosspiece; ai rarafolo, a cross (late use). S. lala'i.

rarangia adj., glorious.

raramaa v. i., to be excessive. S. raramaa.

rarao v. i., to stick, cling, cleave. S. rarao.

rarapu v. i., to reach, arrive at. S. arapu.

rarata a skull. S. rarata.

rarau v. tr., to kindle, light.

raunga weapons.

rauraua adj., soft, pliable.

rebo v. i., to be full grown, adult, old. S. repo.

reqeta v. tr., to open.

rereba v. i., to be broad, wide,

reresi; age reresi, a lily, Crinum asiaticum.

rigi v. tr., to see.

rigita v. i., to be strong, firm. rigita fasi, to overcome.

rigitangaini v. tr., to do powerfully.

rii, riirii, to cry out; olosia riilana, cried out. S. rii, cicada.

ro 1. v. tr., ro suli, to obey, listen to.

ro 2. numeral, two, used only in composition; forms part of pers. pronoun goro, etc.; ro si doo, two things; e ro mwane, two men. S. ro.

ro 3. numeral, two, used with nouns of relationship; ro mamana; ro mwai sasina.

ro 4. ending of pers. pronoun daro; gamoro. ro 2.

rodo night; fe rodo, a night; rodo fi dao, till nightfall. S. rodo.

rogi yesterday; used with locative i, i rogi.

rongo; fafurongo, v. i., to listen to, to be a disciple; n. a disciple. S. qaarongo.

rorodoa adj., dark, used also as n., darkness. rodo.

roroi v. tr., to strengthen. S. roro'i.

rua numeral, two; e rua. S. rua.

ruana ordinal, second, second time; gera ruana gera, their fellows.

ruarua, tan ruarua, to be midway.

ruru (gu) 1. n. bosom, breast.

ruru; 2. ruru kore, an avalanche. S. ruru kore.

ruta n. dialect.

ruu v. i., to enter.

ruula v. n., entry.

S

sae 1. v. tr., to say, speak, tell, read; sae isingana, to finish speaking.

saetana, it is said. S. sae.

sae 2. adv. that, in reported speech.

saea adv. in order that, that so; saea o lea mai fuana, is it that you have come for this? denotes the subjunctive,

safali v. tr., to be equipped with.

saga v. i., to proceed; saga tafa to proceed out of.

sagali, sasagali, v. tr., to attack.

sai 1. n., place, duty, piece; sai i nonigu, my duty; sai oe, your duty; with ai 1. sai ai na, that one I mean; tani saiai, those which, in explanations.

sai; 2. sai gano, on the ground. S. hai. 2.

saitama (gu) v. tr., to know; gu langi si saitamana, I do not know; saitama dooa, knowledge.

sako v. tr., to catch. Mota sakau.

salo n. cloud, storm; salo uruuru, white fleecy cloud.

saloa adj., stormy. S. salo.

salofi v. tr., to prepare, clear a path, sweep.

samai v. tr., to fit on, to pair with. S. sama.

samola n. pride, overbearing,

sangoni v. tr., to feed, nourish. S. sangoni.

sao sago palm, thatch. S. sa'o.

sara beach, shore.

sarii a maiden; geni sarii; too ni sarii, to be unmarried.

sarofaia adj., gentle; harmless, blameless; too sarofaia, quiet,

sarufi v. tr., to burn.

sasala adv., up, upwards; adj. light. S. sa'asala.

sasalu v. i., to start, arise.

sasalungaini v. tr., to collect, make ready.

sasara 1. (gu) n., limb, branch, member. S. sasara.

sasara 2. v. i., to warm oneself at a fire,

sasi 1. (gu) n., brother, sister; sasigu, my brother.

   sasina n., of relationship; ro mwai sasina, two brothers.
   S. 'asi.

sasi 2. to desire, used with fua; sasi fua, to desire; sasi diena fua, to love a person.

saso sun.

sasoai v. tr., to expose to the sun, dry. S. sato.

sasu 1. v. i., to smoke, of a fire. 2. n., smoke; rage sasu, to be angry; rage sasua, anger. S. sasu.

sata (gu) n., name; te satana, his name only; ati satamu, what is your name? with pers. pronoun, friend; sata nau, my friend.

sasata v. i., to be friendly with. S. sata.

sau 1. v. i., to kill; sau mwane, to commit murder; sau mwanea, murder.

saungi v. tr., to kill, to be ill of. S. sau.

sau 2. v. i., to become; sau ana mwane, to become man.

saufini 1. v. tr., to turn away, to hide. 2. adv. secretly,

saulafi evening. S. saulehi.

saumala adv., granted that, even supposing.

saungaini v. tr., to make, construct.

se n., here: used with locative i; i se, at the place; i sena, at that place, there.

seka, seseka, v. tr., to rend, tear.

sesele harlot.

si 1. negative, not; gu si saea, I do not know; langi may precede, gu langi si saea; e langi nau gu si lea, I am not going; follows the particles ka, ko.

si 2. article, a part, a piece, any; si fou, a stone; si mangs, uta, what time? na may be prefixed, na si baea taa ne, what words? si doo gu saea na, the thing (that which) I said; _a si Eaea, the Word; is more definite and particular in meaning than na. U. masi.

si. 3. trans. suff. to verbs; ada, adasi.

si. 4. genitive; ofu si doo, bundles.

sie- (gu) n. used as preposition, to, towards, at, at the house of; lea go siena, go to him; siena ere, at the fire. S. sie.

sifo v. i., to go down; o sifo go; you go down. S. siho.

sikeraini, v. tr., to free from, cast off. S. sikera'ini.

siko locust.

sina, sinasina, v. i., to shine; fe bubulu sinasina, a bright star, n. light; sinasinana, its light. Mota singa.

sinali, moon, month.

sinalitaini, v. tr., to enlighten. S. sineli moonlight,

sinamaaru n., lightning; sinamaaru ka qangafia, the lightning 'roared.'

sinatai v. tr., to keep from, beware of, guard.

siqa numeral, eight; e siqa.

siqana ordinal, eighth, the eighth time. S. siwe.

siramo used with prep. fua, fonosi, to resist, compel. S. ramo.

sisime a gnat. S. sime.

siu 1. v. i., to wash, bathe; siu abu, to baptize.

siufi v. tr.

siula v. n., washing, bathing.

siu, sisiu 2. v. i,, to be conceived.

soe, sosoe, v. i., to call out, v. tr., to ask for, name; soea satana, ask his name.

soefataia, ecclesia, church (late use).

sofi v. tr., to find.

sofili v. tr., to collect, choose. S. so'ohi.

sogoni v. tr., to gather, reap.

sogonila v. n., gather, reap. Mota. sogon.

soi, sosoi, v. tr., to call; soi ledi, to question. S. soi.

sua; 1. qaisuasuafi, to meet. S. su'e.

sua, suasua 2. n., dung; suasuae ano, dung,

subi a club. S. supi.

suda v. i., to root, of pigs. S. sude.

sufi v. tr., to anoint, to rub, to shave with a razor. S. suhi.

suge, susuge v. tr., to deceive; suge fafi, to accuse; qalaa susuge, to accuse falsely.

suli (nau) prep., after, according to, used of motion towards; the locative i may precede. S. suli.

sulitalaa adj., safe, free.

sulu n., oil, liquid. S. sulu.

sulufou 1. mound of rocks, stone wall; ui sulufou, to build a mound (for a tomb).

Sulufou 2. an artificial islet near Ataa Cove, North Malaita.

sunga, sungaini, sungataini v. tr., to affirm, maintain, persuade,

sungi v. i., to make a noise, be glad.

sungia v. n., a cry, a noise.

Suraina artificial islet South of Ataa Cove; original home of Lau-speaking people in Port Adam.

surakena; bae surakena, to prompt, susu (gu) 1. n., breast, 2. v. i., to suck the breast, to have children at the breast. S. susu.

susu 3. v. i., to be firm; susu too, to be steadfast. S. susu.

susu 4. v. i., to stretch out; susu aba, stretch out the arm. S. susu.

susui v. tr., to touch with the fingers, to set on a stick.

susubi n. a dry stick, a horn (late use).

susuli v. tr., to know, understand, be aware of; ati susulia, who knows? I can't say.

susia, adj. unfruitful, not bearing fruit.

suu 1. a harbour. S. su'u.

suu 2. used with prep, fafi; suu fafi, to clothe, cover.

suula v. n., clothing, cloak.

suu 3. v. i., to set, of heavenly bodies, to dive, go down, sink.

suula v. n., a setting. S. suu.