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Greek tragedy

Chapter 30: V. GENERAL
By Gilbert Norwood
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About This Book

A comprehensive survey of ancient tragic drama that traces its emergence from Dionysian choral rites into staged performance and outlines the key formal and theatrical innovations that shaped the genre. It examines the roles of chorus and actors, the development of plot and dramatic structure, and the practicalities of production and staging. Individual chapters offer close critical readings of the major tragedians and a focused study of metre and lyric scansion, especially chorus rhythm. Written for both students and informed general readers, the work combines historical overview, structural analysis, and technical guidance to aid appreciation and performance of the plays.

IV. METRE

LINES QUOTED IN CHAPTER VI

  • Æschylus:
  • Agam., 2, 160 sqq., 975 sqq., 988 sqq., 1530 sqq.
  • Eumen., 788 sq.
  • Persæ, 81 sq., 126 sq.
  • Prom. V., 12, 15, 115, 415, 420.
  • Suppl., 418 sqq., 582 sqq., 656.
  • Euripides:
  • Alcestis, 29, 32, 34, 37, 179.
  • Androma., 241, 260, 804.
  • Bacchæ, 12, 64 sqq., 703.
  • Cyclops, 361 sqq.
  • Hecuba, 629 sqq.;
  • Herc. Fur., 76, 857.
  • Ion, 125-7, 313, 548;
  • I. Aul., 320, 882;
  • I. T., 123-5, 1232.
  • Medea, 1, 635;
  • Orest., 310, 367, 502, 740, 756, 797, 872, 892, 894.
  • Phœn., 114 sqq., 590 sq., 609, 612;
  • Troades, 710, 738.
  • Sophocles:
  • Ajax, 646, 652;
  • Antigone, 95, 582 sqq., 1329 sq.
  • Electra, 147-9;
  • Œ. Col., 1047-8, 1055, 1082.
  • Œ. Tyr., 1, 29, 151, 483-4, 738, 1313.
  • Philoct., 895 sqq., 1095 sqq., 1222 sqq., 1402.

V. GENERAL

  • Actor, 1.
  • — Hegelochus, 74.
  • — Sophocles, 13.
  • — Theodorus, 35.
  • Actors, 4, 15, 72-5.
  • Actors’ Guild, 75.
  • — in Roman times, 59.
  • — privileges of, 75.
  • — travelling companies of, 49.
  • — under Æ., 11-12.
  • Admission to theatre, 81.
  • Agnosticism of E., 318.
  • Alexandrian Pleiad, 2, 39-41.
  • Allusions to landscape, 63.
  • — — contemporary events, 7-9.
  • Altar in orchestra, 50.
  • — of Dionysus, 51.
  • Ambassadors’ seats, 81.
  • Amphictyonic council, 75.
  • Anapiesma, 64.
  • Apparition of gods, etc., 65.
  • — of Dioscuri in E. El., 65;
  • of Iris and Frenzy in H. Fur., 233;
  • of Medea, 65;
  • of Pallas in H. Fur., 233 n.
  • Architecton, 82.
  • Architectural remains, evidence of, in stage controversy, 57-8.
  • Archon and dramatic judges, 12.
  • — Basileus, 60.
  • — Eponymus, 60.
  • Archonship of Menon, 87.
  • Archons’ seats, 81.
  • Areopagite Court in Eumenides, 70, 112 ff., 317.
  • Argives in Æ. Agam., 79;
  • Suppl., 84;
  • in E. El., 252 ff.;
  • Or., 269 ff.
  • — in E. Phœn., 264 ff.;
  • in S. Antig., 137 ff.
  • Argo the ship, in E. Hypsip., 305.
  • Argument of E. Hippol., 215 n.;
  • Medea, 22 n.;
  • of Æ. Persæ, 8 n.
  • — against a stage, 56 ff.;
  • for a stage, 53 ff.
  • — of plays, whence taken, 62.
  • Arrangement of Æ. Agam., 99 n.;
  • Choeph., 106 n.;
  • Eum., 111 n.;
  • Pers., 86 n.;
  • P. V., 92;
  • Septem, 89 n.;
  • Suppl., 84 n.
  • — of E., Alc., 186 n.;
  • Bac., 277 n.;
  • Cycl., 289 n.;
  • El., 252 n.;
  • Hel., 258 n.;
  • Heracleidæ, 200 n.;
  • H. Fur., 228 n.;
  • Hippol., 205 n.;
  • Ion, 236 n.;
  • I. A., 285 n.;
  • I. T., 247 n.;
  • Or., 268 n.;
  • Phœn., 264 n.;
  • Rhes., 291 n.;
  • Suppl., 234 n.;
  • Troad., 243 n.
  • — of S. Aj., 132 n.;
  • Ant., 136 n.;
  • El., 141 n.;
  • Œ. C., 167 n.;
  • Œ. T., 145 n.;
  • Philoct., 161 n.;
  • Trach., 154 n.
  • Artists of Dionysus, 75.
  • ? Ascent from orchestra to stage, 55.
  • Assyrian sculpture, 126.
  • Até, 129, 198.
  • Athenian art, 182-3.
  • — cynicism, 325.
  • — ecclesia, 270.
  • — empire, 14, 128 n., 325.
  • Atridean house, 127, 129.
  • Attic festivals, 49.
  • — hero Triptolemus, 6.
  • — spirit of S., 182.
  • — townships, 49.
  • Audience, 80.
  • Audiences, size of, 50.
  • Auditorium, 51.
  • Authorship of Rhesus, 293-5.
  • Bacchante, 237;
  • Bacchantes in Æ. Bassarids, 117.
  • Basileus, Archon, 60.
  • Beacon-speech in Æ. Agam., 124.
  • Beauty and Truth in E., 326.
  • Belletrist, Ion a, 24.
  • Benefactors’ seats, 81.
  • Bent staff of actors, 16.
  • Bible and S. Œ. Col., 172 and n.
  • Board-game in Æ. Suppl., 123;
  • in E. Medea, 208.
  • Board of generals, 12.
  • Bœotians, 234 n.
  • “Bowl of the Sun,” in Æ. and Mimnermus, 119.
  • Bronteion, 64.
  • Buildings of Greek theatre, 50 ff.
  • Burial-passages in Moschion, 38.
  • Burlesque, E. Helena a, 262 ff.
  • Buskin, 69.
  • Butler in E. Alc., 73.
  • Byzantine appreciation and selection of E., 21, 215-6, 265, 268.
  • Catharsis, 43.
  • Cenotaph of E., in Attica, 18.
  • Centaurs:
  • Chiron, 98;
  • Nessus, 154.
  • Ceraunoscopeion, 64.
  • Cercis, -ides, 80-1.
  • Change of dress, 73.
  • — — scene in Æ. Eum., and S. Aj., 63.
  • Character in Tragedy, according to Aristotle, 44.
  • Charges in theatre, 81-2.
  • Charioteer in Rhesus, 291-2.
  • Chariots on stage, 64.
  • Charon’s steps, 64.
  • Chian wine, 24.
  • Choregus, 7, 60, 68, 82.
  • Choreutæ or choristers, 16, 75 ff.
  • Chorus, 4, 75-80.
  • — and chorus-leader, 1.
  • Chorus-dancing, 78-80.
  • — -entrances, 56.
  • — in satyric drama, 80.
  • — — Æ., E., and S., 76-7.
  • — — E., Alc., 79;
  • Or., 79;
  • S. Œ. Tyr., 79;
  • Philoct., 166.
  • — of Argive elders in Æ. Ag., 79, 99.
  • — — — women in E. El., 252 ff.
  • — — — — — — Or., 79, 269.
  • — — Athenians in S. Œ. Col., 169.
  • — — attendants of Creusa in E. Ion, 236 ff.
  • — — — women in E. Phaethon, 302.
  • — — Colchian women in E. Iph. A., 285 ff.
  • — — captive Greek maidens in E. Helena, 259.
  • — — — — — — — Iph. T., 247 ff.
  • — — Corinthian women in E. Medea, 192 ff.
  • — — Danaids in Æ. Suppl., 76, 84.
  • — — Furies in Æ. Eumen., 76-7, 111.
  • — — Greek sailors in S. Philoct., 166.
  • — — Lemnians in Æ. and E. Philoct., 166, 296.
  • — — Libation-bearers in Æ. Choeph., 79, 106, 126.
  • — — Mothers of the Seven, in E. Suppl., 234 ff.
  • — — Nemean women in E. Hypsip., 304.
  • — — Old Athenians, in E. Erech., 297;
  • Heracleid., 200.
  • — — — Pheræans in E. Alc., 79, 186.
  • — — Phœnician maidens in E. Phœn., 264 ff.
  • — — — — — Phrynichus’ Phœn., 9.
  • — — Phrygian Bacchantes in E. Bac., 277 ff.
  • — — Phrygians in Æ. Hector’s Ransom, 119.
  • — — Phthian women in E. Andromache, 220.
  • — — Salaminian sailors in S. Ajax, 132.
  • — — Satyrs in S. Ichn., 175, and E. Cycl., 289 ff.
  • — — Sea-Nymphs in Æ. Prom. V., 94.
  • — — Sentinels in Rhesus, 291 ff.
  • — — Thebans in E. H. Fur., 228 ff.
  • — — — — S. Antig., 137.
  • — — — — — Œ. Tyr., 148.
  • — — Trœzenian women in E. Hippol., 205 ff.
  • — — Trojan women in E. Troades, 243 ff.
  • — place of, in theatre, 50.
  • — under Æ., 11-12.
  • Chorus-leader, 60.
  • — -trainer, 70.
  • Chromatic style of Agathon, 26.
  • Chthonian religion in Æ., 130.
  • City Dionysia, 13, 49, 60.
  • Classicism and Romance, 320.
  • Comedy, 23.
  • — origin of, 1 n.
  • Commos, 74.
  • — Aristotle’s definition of, 47.
  • — in Æ. Choeph., 109 and n.
  • Complication, Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • Conception of God in Critias, 30.
  • Confederacy, Delian, 13.
  • Conscience in Æ., 130.
  • Contents, p. vii.
  • Coon-songs, 80.
  • Corinthians, 16, 192 ff.
  • Coryphæus, 78-9.
  • — in Œ. Tyr., 146.
  • Cothurnus, 69.
  • Crēpis, 68.
  • Criticism, Verrall’s, etc., p. v.
  • Crown of ivy, 61.
  • Curetes, in E. Cretans, 310.
  • Curtain, none in classical age, 64.
  • Dancing-ground, 50.
  • Dancing of chorus, 78-80.
  • Date of Hecuba, 215 n.
  • Dea ex machina, in E. Ion, 240;
  • Melanippe, 306.
  • See also Deus.
  • Death on stage, according to Aristotle, 45;
  • of Alcestis and Hippolytus, 46.
  • Defects in S. Ajax, 135-6.
  • Delian confederacy, 13.
  • — festival, 215 and n.
  • Delirium of Orestes, on stage, 70.
  • Delphic oracle, in E. Erech., 297;
  • Ion, 237 ff.;
  • I. T., 247 ff.;
  • Teleph., 295-6.
  • Demos, 325.
  • Dénouement, Aristotle’s definition of, 47.
  • Destiny in E., 318.
  • Deus ex machina, acc. to Aristotle, 46;
  • in S. Philoct., 163 ff., 312 ff., 315;
  • in E. Androma., 312 ff.;
  • Bac., Hel., Hipp., Ion, Iph. A., Melan. W., Rhes., Suppl., ibid., Medea, 46, 195-6.
  • Deuteragonist, 72.
  • Dialogue, 4, 11.
  • Difficulties in plot of Andromache, 221 ff.
  • Dionysia, City or Great, 13, 49, 60, 80.
  • — Rural, 49.
  • — 203.
  • — in Alexander’s Camp, 39.
  • Dionysiac festivals, 80.
  • — — at Alexandria, 39.
  • — legends, 2.
  • — worship, 68.
  • Distegia, 64-5.
  • Dithyrambic chorus, 82.
  • Dithyrambs, 1, 3, 23-4, 49.
  • — prize a tripod in, 62.
  • “Do and suffer,” 110.
  • Doge in Sh. Merchant of Venice, 72-3.
  • Doors in theatre, 52.
  • Dorian mode, 72.
  • Dorians and tragedy, 3.
  • Doric in lyrics, 3 and n.
  • Drama before Æ., 4 ff.
  • Dramatic art of Æ., 125 ff.
  • — criticism, Verrall’s, p. v.
  • — form, p. vi.
  • — irony in S., 179-80.
  • — performance, a State function, 50.
  • — renaissance in Great Britain, p. v.
  • — structure, pp. v, vi, etc.
  • — — of E. Medea, 196-7.
  • Dress, effect of, on acting, 70.
  • — of actors and chorus, 68-70.
  • — — satyric chorus, 69.
  • — — chorus in E. Bac., 68-9.
  • — — Furies in Æ. Eum., 69.
  • Dressing-room, 52.
  • Ecclesia of Athens, 270.
  • Eccyclema, 64, 66-8;
  • in Æ. Eum., 67, 111 n.;
  • in E. H. Fur., 229.
  • Editions of E. Medea, 22 and n., 195-6;
  • of Hippol., 213-5.
  • Effect of dress and masks on acting, 70.
  • Egyptian herald in Æ. Suppl., 123-4, and Eg. messenger in E. Hel., 258 ff.
  • — sculpture, 126.
  • Elaphebolion, month (Mar.-Apr.), 49.
  • Elegies of Ion, 23.
  • Elements of tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, 44.
  • Eleusinian mysteries, 10-11.
  • Eleusinians in E. Erech., 297.
  • Elizabethan dramatists, 5.
  • — stage-directions, and eccyclema, 66-7.
  • Embassy to Syracuse, E. on, 17.
  • Encores, 83.
  • Epigrams of Ion, 23.
  • Episodes, 4 and n., 12.
  • — Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • Episodic plot of Hecuba, 216.
  • — plots of E., 312 ff.
  • Epitaph of Æ., 10 n.
  • Eponymus, Archon, 60.
  • Eretrian philosophic school, 39.
  • Eruption of Etna, 91.
  • Etymology of “tragedy,” 62 n.
  • Eunuch in Phrynichus’ Phœnissæ, 7.
  • Euripidean influence in S. Philoct., 163.
  • — — — — Trach., 159-60.
  • — Supplices, 65.
  • — versification of Sosiphanes, 41.
  • Evidence of architectural remains, in stage controversy, 57-8.
  • — — extant dramas, in stage controversy, 56-7.
  • — — tradition, in stage controversy, 57.
  • Examining-boards and S. Ajax, p. vi.
  • Exodos, 78;
  • Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • “Expedit esse deos,” 257 n.
  • Fate in Æ., 130;
  • in E., 318;
  • in E. Troades, 246.
  • “Fates” in British Museum, 182.
  • Faults in Œ. Tyr., 150 ff.
  • Fixed proscenium, 58.
  • Flowers, Chæremon’s love of, 32-3.
  • Flute-players, 6, 60, 70-2.
  • Form, dramatic, p. v.
  • Fourth actor, 71.
  • Fragments of Aristophanes, 119 and n.
  • — — Æ., 117 ff.;
  • of E., 295 ff.;
  • of S., 173-6.
  • French Revolution, 30.
  • Frenzies in E. Orestes, 275;
  • frenzy, 65.
  • Fundamental law in criticism of Greek tragedy, 155.
  • Furies, 67-8, 111 ff., 249;
  • and Attica, 131;
  • grove of, 168 ff.;
  • in Æ. Choeph., 108;
  • Eum., 77 n.;
  • in S. Œ. Col., 169;
  • in E. Iph. T., 247;
  • Orestes, 269.
  • Gallery, 51.
  • — on Elizabethan stage, 65.
  • Gamelion, month (Jan.-Feb.), 49.
  • Gangways, 51.
  • General appreciation of Æ., 120 ff.;
  • of S., 177 ff.;
  • of E., 310 ff.
  • Generals, board of, 13.
  • Generals’ seats, 81.
  • Geography, in Prometheus-trilogy, and Daughters of Sun, of Æ., 119;
  • and in S. Triptolemus, 173.
  • Ghost of Clytæmnestra, in Æ. Eum., 111 ff.
  • — — Polydorus, in E. Hec., 215 ff.
  • Ghosts in theatre, 55, 64.
  • Goat as tragic prize, 62.
  • “Goat-song,” 62 n.
  • “God” in E., 283 f.
  • Golden Fleece in E. Medea, 192 ff.
  • — — — — Hypsip., 305.
  • — Lamb, 257.
  • Gorgon, in E. Andromeda, 240.
  • Graces and Muses in E., 326.
  • “Gracious Ones,” 113 n.
  • Græco-Roman type of theatre, 59 n.
  • Grandeur of Æ.’s dramatic art, 125.
  • — — — language, 121.
  • Great Dionysia, 49, 80.
  • Greek Drama originated in Dionysiac worship, 1.
  • — — an act of worship, 49.
  • — enlightenment, 325.
  • — Messenger in E. Helena, 258 n.
  • — Statues, 182-3.
  • Guard in E. Bacchæ, 277 ff.;
  • in S. Antig., 144.
  • Hades, 95;
  • in Pirithous, 29.
  • Harpist, S. as, 71.
  • Hellenistic world, 20.
  • Hellenotamias, 13.
  • Hemicyclion, 64.
  • Herald in Æ. Ag., 73;
  • Suppl., 123;
  • of Thebes, in E. Suppl., 234 ff.
  • Herdsman in Rhesus, 291 n. and ff.
  • “Hero” in Greek sense, 136.
  • High stage, 53-4.
  • Hissing a play, 83.
  • Homeric question, 52.
  • Hoplite, Æ. as, 10.
  • Horses on stage, 64.
  • Huntsmen in E. Hippol., 71.
  • Hymns of Ion, 23.
  • Hypnotism in E. Bacchæ, 282.
  • Hyporchema, 6, 78.
  • Hypothesis of E. Cycl., 290 n.;
  • of Suppl., 235 n.
  • Icria, 81.
  • Improvisation, 5.
  • Innovations of Agathon, 26 f.
  • Interpolations in E. Phœnissæ, 265 ff.
  • Invocation of Agamemnon’s shade, in Æ. Choeph., 74.
  • Ionian revolt, 7.
  • Irony, S.’s dramatic, 179-80.
  • Isthmian games, 23.
  • Ivy crown of poet and choregus, 61.
  • — sacred to Dionysus, 61-2.
  • Japanese theatre, 68.
  • Judges of dramas, 12-13, 61.
  • Judges’ seats in theatre, 81.
  • Lacedæmonian society in E. Andromache, 224.
  • Landscape, allusions to, in drama, 63.
  • Language of Homer, 123.
  • Later Greek view of E., 323.
  • Lead, theatre-ticket of, 82.
  • Lemnian chorus in Æ. and E. Philoctetes, 166.
  • Lenæa, 34, 49, 60.
  • Lessee of theatre, 82.
  • Library of Alexandria, 39.
  • — — Euripides, 17.
  • Libretto, 72, 312.
  • Lightning on stage, 64.
  • “Literature of escape,” 184.
  • “Liturgy” or public service, 60.
  • Logeion, 53, 57, 64.
  • Low stage, 54.
  • Ludovisi Hera, 182.
  • Lycians in Rhesus, 291 ff.
  • Lycurgean theatre, 58.
  • Lydian mode, 72.
  • Machinery, on stage, 64-5.
  • “Madonna of the Grand Duke,” by Raffaelle, 102.
  • “Marathon, men of,” 325.
  • Masks, 5, 58, 68-9;
  • invented by Chœrilus? 6;
  • effect on acting, 70.
  • “Melian dialogue” in Thucydides, 167 n.
  • Melodrama, 307.
  • “Men of Marathon,” 325.
  • Messenger or messengers: in E. Bacch., 277 ff.;
  • El., 252-3;
  • Helena, 258 ff.;
  • Iph. A., 285 f.;
  • Phœn., 264-5;
  • Suppl., 234 n.;
  • in S. Œ. Col., 185.
  • Metaphors, 123, etc.
  • Minor parts well played, 73.
  • Mixed, or “mixo-,” Lydian mode, 19, 72.
  • Model tragedy, in Ar. Poetic, the Œ. Tyr., 148.
  • Modes in music, 72.
  • Monastic spirit in Hellas, 310.
  • Monody, 74.
  • Mounting of plays, 60, 62 ff.
  • Muse in Rhesus, 291 n. and ff.;
  • Muses in Æ. Bassar., 117;
  • in E. H. Fur., 229.
  • Music, 26, 71-2;
  • and Pratinas, 6.
  • Music-hall, or Odeum, 56.
  • Mutes, 70-1.
  • Mysteries of Eleusis, 10-11.
  • Naiad-lyric in E. Hel., 261.
  • Natural science in E., 319.
  • Nemean games, 304.
  • — women in E. Hypsip., 304.
  • New comedy, 19, 336.
  • Nightingale-lyric in E. Hel., 261;
  • in Rhes., 292-3.
  • No word for stage in older literature, 57.
  • Number of actors, 5, 11-12, 15-16, 73.
  • Nurse in Æ. Choeph., 124;
  • E. Hippol., 205 ff.;
  • in S. Trach., 158 n.;
  • in Sh. Romeo and J., 124.
  • Nymph Cyllene, in S. Ichn., 176;
  • Echo, in S. Philoct., 166.
  • Objections of A. and Ar. to E., 312 ff.
  • Obol, 81.
  • Obscenity in ritual, 81.
  • Oceanids in Æ. P. V., 76, 124.
  • Ochlocracy, 30.
  • Odes in Tragedy, 77.
  • Odeum, or Music-hall, 56.
  • Old Comedy, 81.
  • — man, in E. Iph. A., 285 ff.
  • — woman, in E. Helena, 258 ff.
  • Olympian Gods, and Æ., 130;
  • in S. El., 142;
  • in E. Hippol., 209;
  • Ion, 238 ff.;
  • Iph. T., 249;
  • Or., 276;
  • Troad., 246.
  • Oncus, 69.
  • Optical relations of stage and auditorium, 58.
  • Oracle of Delphi;
  • in Ion, 237;
  • and see Delphic Oracle.
  • Orchestra, 50, 57-8, 64.
  • Order in theatre, 82.
  • Origin of comedy, 1 and n.;
  • of tragedy, 1 ff.
  • Oxyrhynchus papyri, 18 and n., 175 ff., 304 and n., etc. [vi., 19-106; ix. 124-82].
  • Pæan on Salamis, 12;
  • Pæans, 23.
  • Pædagogi, brought on stage by Neophron, 21.
  • Pædagogus, in S. El., 141 ff.;
  • E. Ion, 236 ff.;
  • Med., 192;
  • Phœn., 264 ff.
  • Papyri, see Oxyrhynchus.
  • Parachoregema, 71.
  • Parallel of sculpture and Æ.’s art, 125-6.
  • Parascenia, 53-4, 71.
  • Parian marble, the, 17.
  • Parodos, -oi, 77, 81;
  • Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • Parody: of Agathon, in A. Thesmoph., 27-8;
  • of E. Andromeda, in A. Thesm., 298;
  • Belleroph., in A. Peace, 297;
  • of Tel. in A. Acharn. and Thesm., 296;
  • of Helena in A. Thesm., 262.
  • Parts of a theatre, 50 ff.
  • Passage-ways, 51.
  • Peace-lyric, in E. Cresph., 308-9.
  • Peasant in E. Electra, 252 ff.
  • “Pegs,” 51.
  • Pelasgians, 272.
  • Pelopid curse, in Æ. Agam., 106;
  • family, 258.
  • Peloponnesian war, 163, 200, 201 n., 219 n., 325.
  • Performers and their work, 70 ff.
  • Periacti, 63, 65.
  • Peripeteia, definition and examples of, given by Aristotle, 37, 47-8;
  • in Agathon, 27;
  • in E., 18-19;
  • in S. Antig., 140;
  • in Philoct., 163.
  • Persian counsellors, 7, 356;
  • invasions, 10.
  • Phallic songs, 1 n.
  • Pheræan elders’ chorus, in E. Alc., 186.
  • Philosophy in E., 319.
  • “Phœbus,” watchword in Rhesus, 291 ff.
  • Phœnician women, chorus of in E. and Phry. Phœn., 9, 264.
  • Phrygian in E. Orestes, 268 ff.
  • — mode, 16, 72.
  • — slave, his solo, in E. Or., 72.
  • Phrygians, 224.
  • Phrynichean treatment of theme, 108.
  • Picturesqueness of Æ.’s dramatic structure, 127-8;
  • of his characterization, 124;
  • language, 123-4.
  • Plan of theatre (illustration), 51.
  • Platform, 56.
  • Plays with two actors only, 12 and n.
  • “Pleiad” at Alexandria, 39.
  • Pleiads in E. Phaethon, 302.
  • Plot in Tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, vi, 44;
  • of Agam., Verrall’s theory, 100 ff.
  • Politics, Æ.’s interest in, 128 and n.;
  • in E., 319.
  • Pommery, 74 n.
  • Popularity of E. Phœn., 265.
  • Poseideon, month (Dec.-Jan.), 49.
  • Priest of Dionysus, 80.
  • Privileges of actors, 75.
  • Prize for acting, 61, 75.
  • Probability in Agathon, 27.
  • Proedria, 81.
  • Producers of plays, 60.
  • Production of plays, 49 ff.
  • Prologos, Ar.’s definition of, 19, 47.
  • Prologue in E., 19 and n.
  • — of Phrynichus’ Phœnissæ, 7.
  • Pronunciation in Greek and English theatres, 74.
  • Propagandist plays of Diogenes and Crates, 37.
  • Properties, 64.
  • Property-rooms, 52.
  • Prophetess in E. Ion, 236 ff.
  • Prophets of Israel and Æ., 121.
  • Propompi in Æ. Eum., 71.
  • Proscenium, 53, 58.
  • Prose-drama of E., 323.
  • Protagonist, 60-1, 72 ff.
  • Psychological drama of E., 318.
  • Pulpitum, 56.
  • Puritans, 30.
  • Purpose and scope of the book, p. v.
  • Pythian priestess, in Æ. Eum., 111;
  • in E. Ion, 237.
  • Quo Vadis? legend, 165.
  • Rationalism in Critias’ Sisyphus, 30;
  • in E., 315, etc.
  • Realism in E., 321.
  • Recitative, 74.
  • Recognition in tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, 45;
  • in Æ. Choeph., 258;
  • in Arnold’s Merope, 308-9;
  • in E. Cresph., ib.;
  • Hel., 260;
  • Hypsip., 305;
  • Ion, 237 ff.;
  • Iph. T., 31, 45, 73, 248;
  • in Polyidus’ Iph., 31;
  • in S. El., 142, 144;
  • Tereus, 174 n.
  • Recoil in drama, Ar.’s definition of, 45, 47-8;
  • in S. Antig., 140.
  • Religion in E., 319, etc.;
  • in S., 177;
  • in Æ. Eum., 114;
  • of Æ., 128.
  • Remains of theatre buildings at Athens, 52.
  • Renaissance in Great Britain, Dramatic, p. v.
  • Reticence of Athenian art, 183.
  • Reversal of action in tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, 45, 47-8.
  • Rhapsody of Chæremon, 32.
  • “Rod-bearers,” 82.
  • Roman theatres, 52.
  • Romance and classicism, 320.
  • — in E., 320-1.
  • Rural Dionysia, 49.
  • Sack of Melos, 244.
  • Sacrificial Table, 1, 4.
  • Salaminian sailors, chorus of, in S. Ajax, 132.
  • Salamis, victory of, 7, 12, 14, 38.
  • “Salome” dances, 78.
  • Salon of Sophocles, 14.
  • Satyric chorus, 80.
  • — drama, 1, 2, 6, 17, 23, 25, 61, 81 n., 175-6, 192, 289 ff., etc.
  • Satyrs, 1;
  • chorus of, in Cycl., 289 ff.
  • Scænici, 53.
  • Scēnē, 52, 59.
  • Scene-painting, 4, 15, 16, 62.
  • Scenery, 62 ff.
  • Scholia: on Æ. Choeph. [900], 73 n.;
  • Pers., 87;
  • Prom. V. [128], 57;
  • on Aristoph., 22 n.;
  • Frogs [303], 74 n.;
  • Frogs [53], 304 n.;
  • Wasps [1342], 57;
  • on Eurip., 21;
  • Phœn., 265;
  • Rhes. [528], 294 and n.
  • Scolia, 23.
  • Sculpture of Assyria, Egypt, Greece, Praxiteles, 125-6.
  • Sea-Nymphs, in Æ. P. V., 94.
  • Seating accommodation in theatre, Athens, 50 and n.
  • Seats in theatre, 80 ff.
  • Selection of dramatic judges, 61.
  • Semi-choruses, 78.
  • Sentinels, chorus of, in Rhesus, 291 ff.
  • Servant, in E. Ion, 236 ff.
  • Seven against Thebes, in E. Suppl., 234 ff.
  • Shepherd, in E. El., 253.
  • Shrine of Thetis, in E. Androma., 219 ff.
  • Sicilian expedition, 244, 252 n.
  • Side-wings, 51, 54.
  • Sikinnis dance, 80.
  • Simplicity of Athenian art, 183;
  • of Æ.’s dramatic structure, 126.
  • — — Æ.’s language, 122.
  • Sin, as material defilement, in Æ., 130 n.
  • — in Euripides, 318 ff.
  • Slave in Iph. A., 322.
  • Socratic novices in A. Clouds, 68.
  • Solo by Phrygian slave in E. Or., 72.
  • Songs of Phrynichus, 8.
  • Sophistry in E., 317.
  • (“Spartam nactus es, hanc exorna”), 295.
  • Spartans, 201 n., 204.
  • “Speaking-place,” 53;
  • “for gods,” 65.
  • Sphinx, 265, 267-8 n.;
  • in S. Œ. Tyr., 151.
  • Stage, 52 ff.
  • Stage-buildings, 50 ff.
  • — -direction in S. Ichn., 175 n.
  • — -machinery, 64 ff.
  • — -properties, 64.
  • — used after 300 B.C., 53.
  • Stasima, 77;
  • -on, Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • Statues in Greek plays, 62.
  • — of playwrights, 31.
  • Stewards in theatre, 82.
  • Stropheion, 64.
  • Structure, dramatic, v, vi, etc.
  • “Study-plays” of Diogenes and Crates, 37.
  • Sun-god, in E. Medea, 195;
  • Phaethon, 301-3.
  • Supervision of dramatic displays, 60 ff.
  • Suttee, in E. Suppl., 235.
  • Table in orchestra, 50.
  • Table, sacrificial, 1, 4.
  • Tableaux in Greek theatre, 66.
  • Taurians in E. Iph. T., 247 ff.
  • Technical changes made by Æ., 11;
  • by S., 15-6.
  • Temple of Athena, in Eumen., 63.
  • Tent, 52 (of Agamemnon).
  • Tetralogy, 15, 17, 24, 50, 61, 87.
  • Theatre, 80 ff.
  • — at Athens, remains of, 59 n.
  • — buildings, 50 ff.
  • — Græco-Roman type, in Asia Minor, 59 n.
  • — its parts and construction, 50 ff.
  • — not roofed, 50.
  • — of Dionysus, Athens, 49, 56.
  • — — Lycurgus, 57.
  • — ticket, 82.
  • Thebans, chorus of, in E. H. Fur., 228 ff.
  • Theologeion, 64-5.
  • Theoric fund, 82.
  • Thessalian, in E. Andromache, 226-7.
  • Thesmophoria, festival, 262.
  • Third actor, 16.
  • Thirty tyrants, 29-30.
  • Thought in tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, 44.
  • Thracian Edoni, 117.
  • Thracians in E. Erech., 297;
  • Rhes., 291 ff.
  • “Three Unities,” 42 n.
  • Thunder-machine, 64.
  • Thymele, 57;
  • -melici, 53.
  • Times of dramatic performances, 50.
  • “To give a chorus,” 60.
  • Tomb of Achilles, in Hec., 216;
  • of Agamemnon, in Æ. Choeph., 106;
  • in E. El., 253;
  • of Clytæmnestra, in E. Or., 269;
  • of Proteus, in E. Hel., 259;
  • importance of tombs acc. to Prof. Ridgeway, 3, 64 and n.
  • “To receive a chorus,” 60.
  • Torturing of slaves, in drama, 21.
  • Tradition, evidence of, in stage controversy, 57.
  • Tragedy, origin of, 1 ff.
  • Tragic contest, begun by Pisistratus, 50.
  • — diction, created by Æ., 122.
  • — incident in tragedy, acc. to Aristotle, 45.
  • Tragicomedy in E., 19.
  • Trainers of actors and choruses, 60.
  • Travelling companies of actors, 49.
  • Treasury Board, 13.
  • Trilogy, 16.
  • Tripod, prize for dithyramb, 62.
  • Tritagonist, 72.
  • Trœzenian women, chorus of, in E. Hippol., 205 ff.
  • Trojans, in E. Philoct., 297;
  • Rhesus, 291 ff.
  • — women, chorus of, in E. Troades, 243 ff.
  • Two actors only, in certain plays, 12 and n.
  • Tyrants, thirty, 29.
  • Unities, three, 42 n.
  • Unity of Place, 42 n.;
  • violated in Æ. Eum., and in S. Aj., 42 n.
  • Unravelling in drama, Ar.’s definition of, 47.
  • Vase-paintings, 41.
  • Verse-translations of Professor Murray, v, 185, 211, 214, 280.
  • Versions of E. Medea, 22 and n., 195-6;
  • of Hippol., 213-5.
  • Vitruvian stage, 53 ff.
  • Vote of Athena, in Æ. Eumen., 112 and n.
  • Waggon of Thespis, 5, 50.
  • Was there a stage in the Greek theatre? 52 ff.
  • — — ever a fourth actor? 71.
  • Watchmen in Æ. Agam., 64, 124.
  • What does Aristotle think of Peripeteia? 48.
  • White shoes of actors, 16.
  • Wine-lees, faces of Thespis’ actors smeared with, 5, 68.
  • “Wine-Press Festival,” 49, see Lenæa.
  • Wit in E. Orestes, 323;
  • in E. generally, 321-3.
  • Wooden horse, 243.
  • Wrestling in Phrynichus’ Antæus, 7 and n.