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Hand-book of Sanitary Information for Householders / Containing facts and suggestions about ventilation, drainage, care of contageous diseases, disinfection, food, and water. With appendices on disinfectants and plumbers' materials. cover

Hand-book of Sanitary Information for Householders / Containing facts and suggestions about ventilation, drainage, care of contageous diseases, disinfection, food, and water. With appendices on disinfectants and plumbers' materials.

Chapter 11: INDEX.
By Roger Sherman Tracy
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About This Book

The handbook presents practical sanitary guidance for householders, explaining principles of air quality, ventilation, drainage, disinfection, and safe food and water handling. It describes how human respiration and combustion contaminate indoor air and offers simple tests and ventilating strategies; reviews privies, drains, and plumbing practices for preventing ground‑air and sewer odors; outlines disinfection and quarantine measures for contagious ailments; and supplies appendices on disinfectants and plumbers' materials for everyday application.

INDEX.

  • Acid, carbolic, 72, 91.
  • carbonic, 7-9, 13, 15.
  • carbonic, test for, 9.
  • hydrochloric, 93.
  • nitric, 88.
  • nitrous, 95.
  • sulphuric, 89, 93, 95.
  • sulphurous, 70, 96.
  • Adulterations of food, 73.
  • Air, contaminated by combustion, 9.
  • contaminated by excreta, 12, 21.
  • contaminated by respiration, 8, 11.
  • contaminated by the sick, 11.
  • dangers of impure, 11-14.
  • Air-bound pipes, 57.
  • Air in ground, 15.
  • Alum, 75.
  • Aluminum, chloride of, 93.
  • Annotto, 77, 78.
  • Areas, drainage of, 34.
  • Arrowroot, 74.
  • Asphalt in walls, 34, 66.
  • Bacilli, 11, 14.
  • Bacteria, 11.
  • Bad odors, sources of, 52.
  • Bakers’ chemicals, 74.
  • Baking-powders, 75.
  • Ball-cock, 48.
  • Bands, 60, 100.
  • Basins, 32, 102.
  • Bath-tubs, 30.
  • Bedclothing, disinfection of, 69.
  • Beer, 75.
  • Bends, 42, 100.
  • Blow-offs, 33.
  • Board of Health, plumbing rules of, 25.
  • Boilers, sediment-pipe of, 32.
  • Boiling, disinfection by, 94.
  • Brandy, 76.
  • Bread, 76.
  • Brimstone, 67, 96.
  • Bromo-chloralum, 97.
  • Burnett’s Fluid, 97.
  • Butter, 76.
  • Caldwell, G. C., Ph. D., 78, 82.
  • Calking of joints, 45.
  • Calx-powder, 94.
  • Candy, 77.
  • Canned fruits and vegetables, 77.
  • Canned meats, 78.
  • Caramel, 76.
  • Carbolate of lime, 97.
  • Carbolic acid, 72, 91.
  • powders, 92.
  • Carbonic acid, 7-9, 13, 15.
  • Carbureted hydrogen, 12.
  • Carmichael, 46.
  • Carpené, 85.
  • Cast-iron pipes, 44, 101.
  • Cellars, 34, 66.
  • Cemented joints, 52.
  • Cement, tempered-up, 26, 39.
  • Cereals, 78.
  • Cesspools, 12, 34, 35.
  • Chandler, C. F., Professor, 67, 82, 83.
  • Charcoal, 94.
  • Cheese, 78.
  • Check-valves, 47.
  • Chester, A. H., Ph. D., 79, 80.
  • Chiccory, 79.
  • Chicken-pox, 12.
  • Chimneys as pipe-vents, 44.
  • Chimneys, smoky, 20.
  • Chloralum, 97.
  • Chloride of aluminum, 93.
  • of lime, 71, 93, 97.
  • mercuric, 94.
  • of sodium, 89.
  • of zinc, 70, 96.
  • Chlorine, method of obtaining, 92.
  • properties of, 96.
  • test for, 88.
  • Chocolate, 78.
  • Cholera, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 14.
  • Chromate of lead in candy, 77.
  • Cisterns for water-closets, 32, 47.
  • City houses, drainage of, 65.
  • Closet, earth, 23.
  • Closets, water, 39, 102.
  • Clothing, disinfection of, 69.
  • Cocoa, 78.
  • Coffee, 78.
  • extract of, 79.
  • Coffins, air-tight, 70.
  • Cognac, 76.
  • Colby, A. L., Ph. B., 83.
  • Combustion, 9.
  • Condensers, 33.
  • Condy’s fluid, 97.
  • Confectionery, 77.
  • Connections, pipe, 30, 52.
  • Construction, faulty, 52.
  • Consumption, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 12, 72.
  • Contagious diseases, propagation of, 11.
  • Copperas, 70, 93.
  • solution of, 67, 70.
  • Copper, sulphate of, 77.
  • Corpses, disinfection of, 69, 71.
  • Corrosive sublimate, 94.
  • Country houses, drainage of, 50, 65.
  • Cream of tartar, 74.
  • Cushioning, 42, 44, 56.
  • how determined, 61.
  • Damp soil, danger of, 15.
  • Dampers, position of, 19.
  • Darby’s Prophylactic Fluid, 98.
  • Dead bodies, disinfection of, 69, 71.
  • Dead oil, 92.
  • Deodorizers, 67.
  • Diphtheria, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 12, 72.
  • Discharges, disinfection of, 68.
  • Diseases, contagious, 11.
  • Disinfectant, Egyptian, 98.
  • Excelsior, 98.
  • Girondin, 98.
  • Metropolitan, 99.
  • Phenix, 99.
  • Disinfectants, 91.
  • how to use, 67.
  • Disinfection, 66.
  • National Board of Health rules for, 67.
  • of bedclothing, 69.
  • Disinfection of clothing, 69, 91.
  • of corpses, 69, 71.
  • of furniture, 69.
  • of premises, 68, 92, 94.
  • of privies, 71, 91.
  • of water-closets, 71, 91.
  • of woolen stuffs, etc., 69.
  • Double windows, 20.
  • Drain, fall of, 27.
  • house, 35.
  • house, trap in, 42.
  • location of, 27.
  • pipes, 59.
  • size of, 27.
  • Drainage, 21.
  • diagram of, 49.
  • essentials of, 24.
  • examination of, 61.
  • of city houses, 65.
  • of country houses, 50, 65.
  • of farm-houses, 65.
  • of sea-side houses, 65.
  • New York City Board of Health, 25.
  • subsoil, 50.
  • Drains, defective, 52, 59.
  • Draughts, how produced, 17, 20.
  • how to avoid, 20.
  • when perceived, 17.
  • Drinking-water, tanks for, 33, 86.
  • tests of, 89.
  • Durand-Claye, 13.
  • Durham house-drainage system, 44.
  • Dysentery, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 14.
  • Earth as a disinfectant, 23.
  • closet, 23.
  • Earthenware pipes, 26, 59, 100.
  • Egyptian Disinfectant, 98.
  • Engelhardt, F. E., Ph. D., 76, 79, 82, 84, 85.
  • Erysipelas, propagation of, 14.
  • Evaporation from traps, 60.
  • Excelsior Disinfectant, 98.
  • Excreta, contamination of air by, 14, 21.
  • dangers from, 14, 21.
  • removal of, 24.
  • Exhaust-steam in soil-pipes, 33, 50.
  • Farm-houses, drainage of, 65.
  • Faulty construction of drains, 52.
  • Ferrules, 30, 45, 52.
  • Fever, malarial, 14.
  • puerperal, 14.
  • scarlet, 11, 72.
  • typhoid, 14, 72.
  • typhus, 11, 73.
  • yellow, 14, 72.
  • Field’s flush-tank, 50.
  • Filters, 87.
  • Fireplace, Galton’s, 18, 19.
  • Fireplaces, 18.
  • Flanges, lead, 53.
  • Flues for ventilation, 20.
  • Flush-tank, 50.
  • Fomites, 71, 73.
  • Food, 73.
  • Fresh-air inlet, 28, 43.
  • Fruits, canned, 77.
  • Fumigation, methods of, 68, 69.
  • precautions during, 70.
  • treatment of rooms after, 70.
  • Funerals, 71.
  • Furniture, disinfection of, 69.
  • of sick-room, 68.
  • Fusel-oil, 76, 84.
  • Galton’s fireplace, 18, 19.
  • Gas, sewer, composition of, 12.
  • Gasket, 45.
  • General debility, 11, 13.
  • German measles, 12.
  • Germicide, 98.
  • Gin, 79.
  • Girondin Disinfectant, 98.
  • Glucose, 75, 79, 82.
  • Grains, cereal, 78.
  • Green vitriol, 70, 93.
  • Ground air, danger of, 15.
  • air, exclusion of, 66.
  • water, high and low, 15.
  • Gum-drops, 77.
  • Gypsum, 74, 79, 94.
  • Hand-holes, 59.
  • Heat, disinfection by, 94.
  • Honey, 79.
  • Hops, 75.
  • Horizontal pipes, 28.
  • Horse-radish, 79.
  • Hospital gangrene, 14.
  • House-drain, 35.
  • drain, trap in, 27, 42.
  • drainage, Durham system of, 44.
  • drainage, essentials of, 24.
  • sewer, material of, 26.
  • Hydrant-sinks, 35.
  • Hydrochloric acid, 93.
  • Impurity of air, measure of, 9.
  • Inlet, fresh-air, 28, 43.
  • Iodide of potassium, 89.
  • Iron, sulphate of, 93.
  • Iron pipes, weight of, 29.
  • Isinglass, 79.
  • Jellies, 79.
  • Joints, calking of, 45, 52.
  • cement, 52, 59.
  • imperfect, 59.
  • lead, 45, 52.
  • putty, 52, 59.
  • Joints, rust, 30, 45.
  • wiped, 46.
  • Labarraque’s Solution, 99.
  • Labor, plumber’s, 102.
  • Lactometer, method of using, 81.
  • Lard, 80.
  • Lattimore, S. A., Ph. D., 77-79, 82-84.
  • Lead, chromate of, 77.
  • dissolving of, in water, 86.
  • flanges, 53.
  • nitrate of, 95.
  • Leaders, bad odors from, 53.
  • as soil-pipes, 33, 49.
  • trapping of, 33, 53.
  • Lead pipes, weight of, 101.
  • Letheby, 13.
  • Lime, 94.
  • chloride of, 93.
  • sulphate of, 94.
  • Louvered sky-light, 39.
  • Love, E. G., Ph. D., 74-76, 78.
  • Malarial fevers, 14.
  • Manganese, oxide of, 93.
  • Marsh-gas, 13.
  • Measles, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 11.
  • Meat, 80.
  • Meats, canned, 78.
  • preserved, poisoning by, 80.
  • Mercuric chloride, 94.
  • Mercury seal for traps, 39.
  • Metropolitan Disinfectant, 99.
  • Microscopic organisms, 11, 43.
  • Milk, composition of, 81.
  • Mines, air of, 7.
  • Morin, estimate by, 19.
  • Movable tanks for excreta, 22.
  • Mumps, 12.
  • Munsell, C. E., Ph. D., 81.
  • National Board of Health, rules, etc., 67.
  • Nichols, Professor, 8, 12, 87.
  • Nitrate of lead, 95.
  • of silver, 88.
  • Nitrates, tests for, 89.
  • Nitric acid, 88.
  • Nitrites, test for, 89.
  • Nitrogen, 7.
  • in sewers, 12, 13.
  • Nitrous acid, 95.
  • New York City Board of Health, rules, etc., 25.
  • New York State Board of Health, rules, etc., 74.
  • Oakum, 45.
  • Odors, offensive, 52.
  • Offsets, 35, 100.
  • Oil, dead, 92.
  • fusel, 76, 84.
  • of cognac, 76.
  • of peppermint, 63.
  • olive, 81.
  • Oleomargarine, 76.
  • One trap, etc., how determined, 58, 62.
  • Organic matter of respired air, 9.
  • matters, test for, 89.
  • Organisms, microscopic, 11, 43.
  • Overflow-pipes, 32, 33, 46, 54, 58.
  • Oxidation, 15, 43.
  • Oxide of manganese, 93.
  • Oxygen, 7, 8, 13.
  • Ozone, 95.
  • Pails for excreta, 22.
  • Paris, plaster-of-, 94.
  • Peppermint test, 63.
  • Permanganate of potash, 95.
  • Pettenkofer’s test for carbonic acid, 9.
  • Phenix Disinfectant, 99.
  • Phenol Sodique, 99.
  • Phosphorus, 95.
  • Pickles, 82.
  • Pipe connections, 30, 52.
  • Pipes, air, 31.
  • air-bound, 57.
  • cast-iron, 27, 28, 44, 101.
  • corrosion of, 50, 59.
  • drain, 27, 59.
  • earthenware, 26, 100.
  • galvanized iron, 59, 86.
  • hub-end of, 44.
  • iron, weight of, 29.
  • lead, weight of, 101.
  • obstruction of, 61.
  • overflow, 32, 33, 46, 54, 58.
  • rat-holes in, 59.
  • service, 86.
  • spigot-end of, 44.
  • tarring of, 44, 101.
  • traps on vertical, 29, 44.
  • ventilating, size of, 31.
  • waste, 28.
  • wrought-iron, 44.
  • Pitt, W. H., M. D., 77, 79.
  • Plants, action of air on, 15.
  • Plaster-of-Paris, 94.
  • Platt’s chlorides, 99.
  • Plumber’s labor, 102.
  • materials, 101, 102.
  • Pork, 80.
  • Potash, permanganate of, 95.
  • Potassium, iodide of, 89.
  • Powders, calx, 94.
  • carbolic, 92.
  • Premises, disinfection of, 68, 92, 94.
  • Privies, disinfection of, 71.
  • Privy-sinks, 42, 102.
  • Privy-vaults, construction of, 22, 34, 35.
  • contents of, 12.
  • dangers of, 22.
  • Pumpelly, 46.
  • Purification of water, 87, 90.
  • Putty-joints, 52, 54.
  • Rat-holes in pipes, 59.
  • Refrigerator wastes, 32.
  • Respiration, organic matter of, 9.
  • Return bend, 43.
  • Rum, 82.
  • Saddle-hubs, 60, 102.
  • Safes, 32, 46.
  • draining of, 32, 54.
  • Safe-wastes, 32, 54.
  • Saleratus, 74.
  • Salt, 67, 70, 89.
  • “Sanitary Engineer,” 51.
  • Scarlet fever, precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 11.
  • School-sinks, 34, 42, 102.
  • Seal of trap, 36.
  • Sea-side houses, drainage of, 65.
  • Seine, mud of, 13.
  • Service-pipes, 86.
  • Sewer-air, effects attributed to, 13.
  • Sewer-gas, composition of, 12.
  • Sewer, house, material of, 26.
  • Sewer-water, 13.
  • Sewers, contents of, 12.
  • private, 26.
  • Sherringham valve, 17.
  • Sick-room, care of, 67, 70.
  • precautions on entering, 73.
  • Sinks, 30.
  • Siphonage, 58.
  • how determined, 62.
  • prevention of, 31, 58.
  • Sirups, 82.
  • Sky-light, louvered, 39.
  • Sleeves, 30, 45.
  • Slops, dangers from, 21.
  • Small-pox, precautions vs., 71.
  • propagation of, 11.
  • Smoky chimneys, 20.
  • Smith, Angus, 8.
  • Soil, damp, danger of, 15.
  • Soil-pipe, 35.
  • material and size of, 28.
  • Spices, 82.
  • Stables, disinfection of, 94.
  • Starch, 75, 89.
  • Squibb’s carbolic acid, 92.
  • Steam in soil-pipes, 33, 50.
  • Steam-coils, heating by, 19.
  • Subsoil drainage, 50.
  • Sugar, 82.
  • Sulphate of copper, 77.
  • of iron, 89, 93.
  • of lime, 94.
  • of zinc, 67, 96.
  • Sulphide of ammonium, 12.
  • Sulphur, 67, 96.
  • use of, in disinfection, 68.
  • Sulphureted hydrogen, 12, 13.
  • Sulphuric acid, 89, 95.
  • Sulphurous acid, 70, 96.
  • Syrups (see Sirups).
  • Tanks for drinking-water, 33, 86.
  • lining of, 33.
  • movable, for excreta, 22.
  • Tarring of pipes, 44, 101.
  • Teas, 83.
  • Terra alba, 74, 75, 77.
  • Test, Carpené’s, for wine, 85.
  • for carbonic acid, 9.
  • for chlorine, 88.
  • for nitrates, 89.
  • for nitrites, 89.
  • Test for organic matters in water, 89.
  • peppermint, 63.
  • water, 45.
  • Thymol, 72, 92, 98.
  • Tin in canned fruits, 77.
  • in sirups, 82.
  • Traps, 35, 102.
  • cleaning of, 60.
  • efficiency of, 46.
  • empty, how to determine, 62.
  • in house-drains, 27, 42.
  • on vertical pipes, 29, 44.
  • position of, 30.
  • unsealing of, by cushioning, 56.
  • unsealing of, by evaporation, 60.
  • unsealing of, by siphoning, 58.
  • various kinds of, 36, 102.
  • ventilation of, 31.
  • Trap-screws, 59.
  • Trichinæ, 80.
  • Typhoid fever caused by water, 88.
  • precautions vs., 72.
  • propagation of, 14.
  • Typhus fever, precautions vs., 73.
  • propagation of, 11.
  • Urinals, 30, 102.
  • Valve-closets, dangers of, 47.
  • Valves, check, 47.
  • Vegetables, canned, 77.
  • Ventilating shaft, 25.
  • Ventilation, 15.
  • different methods of, 17-19.
  • flues for, 20.
  • Ventilation of pipes, 31, 54, 58.
  • Ventilators, whirling, 20.
  • Vent-pipes, 54.
  • Vertical pipes, traps on, 29, 44.
  • Vinegar, 84.
  • Waller, Elwyn, Ph. D., 83, 97.
  • Walls, damp-proof courses in, 66.
  • Wash-trays and tubs, 30.
  • Waste-pipes, 35.
  • material of, 28.
  • trapping of, 30.
  • Water, 86.
  • drinking, tanks for, 33, 86.
  • drinking, tests of, 89.
  • impure, disorders due to, 88.
  • in lead pipes, 86.
  • iron pipes for, 86.
  • of sewers, 13.
  • pollution of, 87.
  • precautions regarding, 90.
  • purification of, 90.
  • typhoid fever caused by, 88.
  • Water-carriage, 24.
  • Water-closets, 39, 102.
  • cisterns for, 32, 47, 100.
  • disinfection of, 71, 91.
  • valve, dangers of, 47.
  • Water-seal, 36, 46.
  • Water test, the, 45.
  • Weight of iron pipe, 29.
  • of lead pipe, 101.
  • Wernich, 46.
  • Whirling ventilators, 20.
  • Whisky, 76, 84.
  • Whooping-cough, propagation of, 12.
  • Windows, double, 20.
  • Wine, how to tell good, 84.
  • tests of, 85.
  • Wiped joints, 46.
  • Woolen stuffs, disinfection of, 69.
  • Wrought-iron pipes, 44.
  • Y-branches, 42.
  • Yards, drainage of, 34.
  • Yellow fever, 14, 72.
  • Zinc, chloride of, 70, 96.
  • sulphate of, 67, 96.