Small Navajo blankets can be woven on the loom. Draw the pattern and place under the warp, fastening it to the side rods. Use warp or carpet thread for the warp, and weave with a tape or upholstery needle. One may weave all the pattern first, and then put in the filling; while another will weave as the Indians do, filling in from one part of the pattern to the other by threading the needle with a different color. This can be done, without running the thread underneath, by hooking it in the loop of the pattern just finished. These little blankets are very fascinating things to make, and the children become much interested in them, and in Indian life as well.
This very beautiful Navajo blanket, shown in the illustration, has three broad red stripes, two narrow red stripes about one-half the width of the former, and four gray stripes about one-half the width of narrow red stripes. The centers of all the figures are red, like the filling—a brilliant scarlet. The colors of the large figures, beginning at the center of each, and counting from left to right, are as follows: Nos. 1, 3, and 5, red, green, and light yellow. Nos. 2 and 4, red, white, and black. The small figures, counting the same way, are: Nos. 1, 3, and 5, red, white, and black. Nos. 2 and 4, red, yellow, and green. The four corners are finished with twisted red cord-like tassels. This cord also extends across the warp ends. Dr. Matthews tells in his article on "Navajo Weavers" how two cords are twisted and woven at the sides with the woof.
The two Navajo Indian blankets illustrated in this chapter, and the pattern on the following page, may be easily adapted for the loom. Germantown knitting wool or carpet ravelings can be used, although to obtain softer wool is better. Some of the handsomest Navajo blankets have a long nap.
The children will take pleasure in laying Navajo patterns with triangular tablets, and then transferring the pattern to paper by drawing and coloring, or by cutting and pasting in colors.
Chapter Fourteen
SONGS, GAMES, AND STORIES
There are many beautiful songs which can be sung during the weaving. Thomas Carlyle has said:
"Give us, O give us the man who sings at his work! He will do more in the same time; he will do it better; he will persevere longer. One is scarcely sensible of fatigue whilst he marches to music, and the very stars are said to make harmony as they revolve in their spheres."
There are songs about the birds' nests, always pleasing to the little folks, and doubly so when they have held in their own hands the wonderful bit of weaving, so strong and yet so soft, woven by the mother-bird for the baby-birds. Mrs. Spider is also very interesting with her lace-like webs which are to be found even in well-regulated schoolrooms, and the songs of the bleating sheep who give us their wool fill every little heart with delight. Miss Poulsson's Finger Play, "The Lambs," gives the restless fingers something to do and the "eight white sheep all fast asleep" afford a chance for a good laugh over the "two old dogs close by" (the thumbs). One has the opportunity, too, of noticing whether the eight white sheep on the tiny hands are really white enough to do the weaving. A smiling allusion to some small black sheep will bring them back clean for the next session.
The following weaving game can be played in several ways. This extract is from the "Kindergarten Guide," by Lois Bates: "Six children stand in a row; a tall one at each end for the border of the mat and the other four representing the strips. The child who is to be the weaver holds one end of a long tape, while the other is fastened to the left shoulder of the first child. The weaver weaves the tape in and out among the children, placing the second row lower down. It will be easily seen that the children who had it passed in front of them in the first row, had it behind them in the second, and vice versa."
The following weaving song in the Walker and Jenks book can be sung during the weaving. To be sure it is not really "over and under" when you think of them as children. Remember that they represent a mat, and they are for the time the strips and border.
Over one again.
Under one, over one,
Then we do the same.
Hi, weavers! Ho, weavers!
Come and weave with me!
You'll rarely find, go where you will,
A happier band than we!
Kate Douglas Wiggin (Mrs. Riggs) in her "Republic of Childhood" describes the game in this way:
"First choose a row of children for threads of the warp, standing at such a distance from each other that a child may pass easily between them. Second, choose a child, or children, for thread of woof. After passing through the warp, each child takes his place at the end and other children are chosen." In this way more children can take part than if a tape were used. Some teachers play it in a different way, using the desks with the seats turned up for the warp and the whole number of children for the woof, winding in and out all over the room. This is very delightful, indeed, if there is enough space for the children to pass easily without tripping on the iron supports of the desks. This is a good game for a rainy day, when there is no outdoor recess.
The bird games are beautiful and leave a wholesome impression of home life and home love on the children, which will have a lasting influence. Few children, brought up in this tender and beautiful way, will ever feel an inclination to harm the birds, or indeed any animal.
The fund of stories of birds and birds' nests is almost inexhaustible. Miss Poulsson's "In the Child's World" contains many stories of the weaver (pages 407-412), and several about birds and birds' nests (pages 292-301). Her talks to teachers with regard to the presentation of each subject are very helpful, as well as her suggestions for the teachers' reading. Stories of the weaving birds, particularly the African weaver, are interesting. It is said that two birds work together, one on the inside of the nest and the other on the outside, passing the grass and twigs in and out, until the home is completed. The children will enjoy, too, stories of weaving in other lands, material for which can be easily obtained. In fact, no one need to be without stories in these days of books and magazines.
Last, but not least, is the conversation during the weaving. Anyone who has attended a teachers' meeting, where the industrial work was being given, has not failed to remark the sociability all over the room. "How are you getting on?" "Let me see yours." "Oh, I cannot get it at all," etc., etc., are heard everywhere, and yet those same teachers go into their class rooms the next day and expect the children to work without whispering. If they will read what Mrs. Wiggin says in the "Republic of Childhood," in her talk on "Sewing," they will never be guilty of it again. A good plan is to have the room perfectly quiet while a dictation is being given, and then allow a period of relaxation when the little folks can compare and admire the work to their hearts' content. Beware of too much repression. A child when asked why a tree grew crooked, replied: "Somebody stepped on it, I suppose, when it was a little fellow." The answer is painfully suggestive. Mrs. Wiggin truly says: "If the children are never to speak except when they answer questions, how are we to know aught of their inner life?"
The following list of songs, games, and stories suggests interesting material to correlate with the work in hand-loom weaving.
SONGS AND GAMES
Atkinson, Frank H., Jr. Singing Songs for Children. See Coonley.
Beebe, Katherine. Schoolroom Plays. Chicago: Thomas Charles Co. 25 cents.
Brown, Kate L. Stories in Song. See Emerson.
Coolidge, Elizabeth. After Supper Songs. Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co. $2.00.
Coonley, Lydia A.; Smith, Eleanor; Gaynor, Jessie L.; Root, Frederick W.; and Atkinson, Frank H., Jr. Singing Verses for Children. New York: The Macmillan Co. $2.00.
Davis, Katherine Wallace. Singing Rhymes and Games. Chicago: Clayton T. Summy Co. 35 cents.
Emerson, Elizabeth U., and Brown, Kate L. Stories in Song. Boston: Oliver Ditson Co. $1.00.
Forsythe, Clarence. Old Songs for Young America. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 1901. $2.00.
Gaynor, Jessie L. Songs of the Child World. New York: The John Church Co. $1.00.
Gaynor, Jessie L. See also Coonley.
Hill, Patty S. Song Stories for the Kindergarten. Chicago: Clayton T. Summy Co. $1.00.
Hofer, Mari Ruef. Children's Singing Games Chicago: Published by Mari Ruef Hofer, Kindergarten Magazine Co. 50 cents.
Hubbard, Clara Beeson. Merry Songs and Games. St. Louis: Balmer & Weber Music Co. $2.00.
Jenks, Harriet S. Songs and Games for Little Ones. See Walker.
Neidlinger, W. H. Small Songs for Small Singers. New York: G. Schirmer. $1.00.
The Bee.
The Rainy Day.
Nursery Stories and Rhymes for the Kindergarten and Home. Springfield, Mass.: Milton Bradley Co. $1.00.
The Song of a Baby's Shirt.
Pratt, Waldo S. St. Nicholas Songs. New York: The Century Co. $2.00.
Root, Frederick W. Singing Songs for Children. See Coonley.
Smith, Eleanor. First Book in Vocal Music. Chicago and New York: Silver, Burdette & Co. 30 cents.
Smith, Eleanor. A Primer of Vocal Music. Chicago and New York: Silver, Burdette & Co. 25 cents.
The Spider.
The Silkworm.
---- See also Coonley.
Songs in Season. Plan Book. Chicago: A. Flanagan. 50 cents.
Walker, Gertrude, and Jenks, Harriet S. Songs and Games for Little Ones. Boston: Oliver Ditson Co. $1.50.
Fly, Little Birds.
In the Branches of a Tree.
Eight White Sheep.
Weaving Song.
STORIES
Andrews, Jane. Each and All. Boston: Ginn & Co. 50 cents. Boston: Lee & Shepard. $1.00.
Chase, A., and Clow, E. Stories of Industry. Boston: Educational Publishing Co. 2 vols. 60 cents each.
Clow, E. Stories of Industry. See Chase.
Farmer, Lydia Hoyt. Boy's Book of Famous Rulers. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
Miller, Olive Thorne. Little Folks in Feathers and Fur, and Others in Neither. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50.
Stories of Caterpillars and Butterflies.
A Funny Little Log House.
Pierson, Clara Dillingham. Among the Farmyard People. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25.
The Twin Lambs.
Why the Sheep Ran Away.
Poulsson, Emilie. Nursery Finger Plays. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.25.
---- Child Stories and Rhymes. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.25.
---- In the Child's World. Springfield, Mass.: Milton Bradley Co. $2.00.
A Visit to the Weaver.
John's Trousers.
How a Little Boy got a New Shirt.
Molly's Lamb.
Sequel to an Old Story.
Cotton Field Stories.
The Flax.
The Flax Flower.
The Silk Worm.
The Sparrow's Nest.
The Life of a Silk Worm.
The Goddess of the Silk Worm.
The Nest of Many Colors.
The Little Worm that was Glad to be Alive.
Smith, Nora A. The Story Hour. See Wiggin.
Stories in Season. Plan Book. Chicago: A. Flanagan. 35 cents.
Wiggin, Kate Douglas (Mrs. George C. Riggs), and Smith, Nora A. The Story Hour. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00.
Wiltse, Sara A. Kindergarten Stories and Morning Talks. Boston: Ginn & Co. 75 cents.
Chapter Fifteen
A LIST OF HELPFUL BOOKS AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES
BOOKS
Albee, Mrs. Helen R. Abnákee Rugs. Boston: The Riverside Press. Issued by the author, Pequaket, Silver Lake P. O., N. H.
---- Mountain Playmates. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
(Chapter on Rug-making.)
Ashenhurst, Thomas R. Designs in Textile Fabrics. London: Cassell & Co.
---- Weaving and Designing of Textile Fabrics. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
(Chapters on History of Weaving, Color, and Combination and Arrangement of Designs.)
Bates, Lois. Kindergarten Guide. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
Benjamin, S. G. W. Persia and the Persians. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Birdwood, Sir George. Industrial Arts of India. London: Chapman & Hall.
Bishop, Mrs. I. B. Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Caine, William S. Picturesque India. New York: George Routledge & Sons.
Collins, Treachor E. In the Kingdom of the Shah. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
Davie, Oliver. Nests and Eggs of North American Birds. Columbus, Ohio: The Landon Press.
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. North Americans of Yesterday. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Dixon, Charles. Curiosities in Bird Life. London: George Redway & Son.
---- Curious Nests. London: George Redway & Son.
Dugmore, A. Radclyffe. Bird Homes. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
Earle, Alice Morse. Home Life in Colonial Days. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Firth, Annie. Cane Basket Work. London: L. Upcott Gill. 1899. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Grinnell, George Bird. Indians of To-day. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
---- Story of the Indian. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Gurdji, V. Oriental Rug Weaving. New York: F. Tennyson Neely Co.
Herrick, Francis Hobart. The Home Life of the Wild Birds. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Holt, Rosa Belle. Rugs: Oriental and Occidental. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
How to Make and How to Mend. (Directions for dyeing.) New York: The Macmillan Co.
Hummel, Prof. The Dyeing of Textile Fabrics. New York: Cassell & Co.
James, George Wharton. Indian Basketry. New York: Henry Malkan. 1902.
Knapp, Elizabeth S. Raphia and Reed Weaving. Springfield, Mass.: Milton Bradley Co.
Kraus-Boelte, Mme. Kindergarten Guide. (Occupations.) New York: Steiger & Co.
Mason, O. T. Woman's Share in Primitive Culture. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Morris, William. Some Hints on Pattern Designing. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
Mumford, J. K. Oriental Rugs. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Sheldon, William E., and others. Illustrated Lessons with Paper Folding. Springfield, Mass.: Milton Bradley Co.
Walker, Louisa. Varied Occupations in String Work; comprising Knotting, Netting, Looping, Plating, and Macremé. New York: The Macmillan Co.
---- Varied Occupations in Weaving. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Wheeler, Mrs. Candace. Home Industries and Domestic Weavings. New York: Associated Artists, 115 East 23d Street.
White, Mary. How to Make Baskets. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 1902.
Wiebe, Edward. Paradise of Childhood. Springfield, Mass.: Milton Bradley Co.
Wiggin, Kate Douglas (Mrs. George C. Riggs). Republic of Childhood (Occupations). Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Worst, Edward F. Construction Work. Chicago: A. W. Mumford. 1901.
FINE ART BOOKS
The following books can be found in the Fine Art Collections in some public libraries. They are very valuable and contain many very beautiful illustrations of oriental rugs and carpets, which are helpful in the study of design and of harmony in color:
Burty, P. Masterpieces of Industrial Art.
Coxon, Herbert. Oriental Carpets.
Lessing, Julius. Ancient Oriental Carpet Patterns.
Robinson, Vincent J. Eastern Carpets.
Vienna Imperial and Royal Austrian Museum. Oriental Carpets.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
A Profitable Philanthropy, by Mrs. Helen R. Albee. Review of Reviews, July, 1900.
Art of the American Indian. Chautauquan, March, 1899.
A Study of the Textile Art, by Wm. H. Holmes. Sixth Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C. (pp. 84, 85.)
Domestic Art Number. Pratt Institute Monthly, February, 1901.
Home Industries and Domestic Manufactures, by Mrs. Candace Wheeler. The Outlook, Oct. 14, 1899.
Industrial Classes in Settlement Work, by George W. R. Twose. Pratt Institute Monthly, November, 1898.
Industrial Education as a Social Force, by H. W. Stebbins. Educational Review, May, 1902.
Juvenile Portiere Makers. New York Tribune, New York City, March 10, 1901. Reprinted in Minneapolis Journal Junior, April 20, 1901, Minneapolis, Minn.
Leaf Cutting (for rug designs). Pratt Institute Monthly, April, 1900.
Mrs. Volk and Her Work. Good Housekeeping, September, 1901.
Navajo Weavers, by Dr. Washington Matthews. Third Annual Report of Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C.
(This volume also contains a number of fine illustrations of blankets, etc.)
New England Rugs. Minneapolis Journal, Minneapolis, Minn., March 28, 1900.
On the Designing and Making of Carpets, by F. J. Mayer. The Artist, July and August, 1899.
Prehistoric Textile Art of Eastern United States, by Wm. H. Holmes. Thirteenth Annual Report of Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C. (pp. 91, 92.)
Some Social Aspects of Education, by G. Stanley Hall. Educational Review, May, 1902.
Straw Weaving. American Homes, Knoxville, Tenn., September, 1900.
Teachers' College Record. Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York.
(Containing a number of articles on weaving.)
Textile Industries of the United States. Chautauquan, March, 1899.
Textile Industry Since 1890. Forum, May, 1899.
Textiles, Old and New. The Craftsman, The United Crafts, Eastwood, N. Y., January, 1902.
(Contains "Notes from the History of Textiles," "A Revival of English Handicrafts," and "Brain and Hand.")
The Elementary School Record, by Dr. John Dewey. Numbers 1 to 9. The University of Chicago Press, 1900.
(Containing a number of articles on weaving and a record of industrial work done in the University Elementary School of the University of Chicago.)
The Labor Museum at Hull House, by Jessie Luther. The Commons, Hull House, Chicago, Vol. VII., No. 70, May, 1902.
(Containing valuable illustrations of old looms, and the methods of spinning and weaving.)
Weavers of the Philippines, by G. E. Walsh. The Catholic World, March, 1902.
What is Being Done in Textile Education. Chautauquan, August, 1900.
Many topics interesting to teachers of industrial work are dealt with in the instruction papers of the International Correspondence Schools, Textile department. Communications should be addressed to Christopher P. Brooks, New Bedford, Mass.
The Index
"Abnákee Rug Industry," 63 ff.
Accuracy, weaving develops, 22.
Acids, used in dyeing, 69, 74 ff.
Action, relation to ideas, 8.
Afghans, weaving of, 49, 54, 120, 121.
Albee, Mrs. Helen R., 63, 64 ff.
Angora wool, 57.
Aniline dyes, 73.
Ashenhurst, quotations from, 13, 14, 16.
Axminster rugs, 120-121, 131, 132, 134.
Baby shoes, 115.
Balls, worsted, 115.
Basketry, preparation for, 23, 24.
Bates, Lois, 23, 31, 144.
Bath rugs, 100.
Batten, The, Hindoo and Egyptian, 15.
Bed shoes, 113, 114.
Bed spreads, 109.
Blankets, 56-57;
carriage, 109.
Blue dye, 59-60;
wool carded, 62.
Bokhara rugs, 123, 124-125, 128, 131, 134.
Bookmark, 35-36, 37.
Borders, 89, 109, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124.
Candle-wicking, 52, 83-84, 108.
Cap, 40.
Carding, 62 ff.
Carpet ravelings, see Ravelings.
Carpet wool, rugs of, 105.
Carriage blankets, 109.
Celluloid strips, 55-56, 85.
Chatelaine bags, 117-118.
Cheese cloth, 51, 58 ff., 99, 108.
Chenille, 42, 53;
splicing of, 83-84.
Chinese, weaving practiced by, 13.
Clavigero, on weaving in Mexico, 14.
Clouding, 63.
Coles, C. S., 24.
Colors, 62, 64-65, 136-138;
color scheme, 66;
shading, 67-68;
see also Dyes, Formulas, and names of colors.
Concentration, weaving develops, 22.
Conversation in class room, 147.
Copperas, 60.
Cotton, darning, 55;
knitting, 55.
Couch covers, weaving of, 49.
Creed, The, 7;
disregarded, 7-8.
Cushions, 120.
Demonstration cards, 31.
Designing, weaving prepares for, 23, 25.
Designs, 27, 31, 33, 35, 47-48, 57, 105 ff., 120, 122.
Dexterity, weaving develops, 22, 24.
Discouragement, Froebel's theory, 17.
Dish cloths, 99-100.
Doll's shawl and skirt, 109-110.
Doll's towel, 55, 108-109.
Dusters, 107-108.
Dyeing, 14, 58-82;
formulas, 73 ff.
Dyes, kinds of, 58, 60, 61, 72, 73;
see also names of colors.
Easel support for loom, 19.
Egyptians, inventors of the loom, 14.
Face cloths, 99-100.
Felt mats, 23, 30-32.
Finger Play, 143.
Floor rugs, weaving of, 49-50.
Formulas for colors, 73 ff.
Frames, photograph and picture, 116.
Free-paper weaving, 35.
Fringe, 111-113.
Froebel, Friedrich, 10, 17.
Games, 143-152;
list of, 148 ff.
Germantown wool, 54, 55, 84, 109, 114.
Gifts, made by children, 21, 34, 37, 55, 113.
Glauber salts, 68, 69, 71, 74 ff.
Glove boxes, 104.
Gray, wool carded, 62-63.
Green dye, 66;
dull shade, 69.
Hair receivers, 121.
Hammocks, 93-98.
Hand-training in kindergarten, 10, 22.
Hindoo loom, 15-16.
Holders, 91, 92.
Hurwitz, Professor, 13.
Indian dyes, 58.
Indian loom, 135, 137.
Individual, The, training of, 28.
Industrial training, 11, 28-29.
Ink stains, 61.
Iron rust, 61.
"Jacob's ladder," 39.
Kerman rugs, 123.
Khiva rugs, 123, 125, 128, 131, 134.
Kindergarten, hand-training in, 10.
"Kindergarten Guides," 23, 31, 33, 144.
Kiz-Kilim rugs, 47, 123, 125, 126-129.
Knotting fringe, 113.
Kraus-Boelte, Mme., 25.
"Kraus-Boelte Guide," 25.
Kurdji, V., 124.
Leaf forms, 107.
Leaf stains, 61.
Leather strips, 55, 85.
Linings, 51.
Loom, The, 13-21.
Loom, The Todd Adjustable Hand, see Todd.
Lunch cloths, 109.
Macremé cord, 55;
splicing of, 83-84.
Making, instinct for, 9.
Manual training, 10.
Materials, 10, 51-57.
Mats, see Felt, Paper, and Table.
Matthews, Dr. W., 58, 136, 138, 140.
Measuring glass, 68-69.
Mill, John Stuart, 8.
Mitten, 40.
Mordants, 68.
Mottled rugs and borders, 87 ff.
Mumford, John Kimberley, 128.
Navajo blankets, 48, 135-142.
Needle, used with loom, 19, 20.
Nut stains, 60-61.
Opera-glass bags, 118.
Oriental cord, for warp, 43.
Oriental rugs, weaving of, 122-134.
"Oriental Rugs," 128.
"Oriental Rug Weaving," 124.
Panels, of silk canvas, 119.
Paper mats, 23, 25, 33 ff.
"Paradise of Childhood," 35, 105, 107.
Patterns, see Designs.
Pencil holder, 38.
Persian rugs, designs for, 124.
Photograph and picture frames, 116.
Pile weaving, 132-134.
Pink, wool carded, 62.
Porch curtains, 104.
Portières, 121.
Poulsson, Miss, 143, 146.
Practical training, need of, 10.
Principles, value of learning, 23.
Public schools, practical training in, 10, 18, 26-27.
Purses, 117-118.
"Pussy-cat stairs," 39-40.
Quilts, 109.
Raffia, 42, 45, 56, 58 ff., 71, 84-85.
Raffia mats, method of weaving, 101-121.
Ravelings, 43, 53, 83.
Red dye, 60.
Reins, 110.
"Republic of Childhood," The, 34, 145.
Rope silk, 42, 52-53;
splicing of, 84.
Sachet cases, 120.
Scarf, 116.
School bags, 118.
Scientific facts as applied in schools, 8.
Sequence weaving, 35 ff.
Serebend rugs, 123.
Shawls, 109-110.
Shetland wool, 56.
Shoes, bed, 113-114;
baby, 115.
Shopping bags, 118.
Shuttle, Egyptian, 13;
Hindoo, 15.
Silk, 52;
knitting, 57.
Silk canvas, 119-120.
Silkoline, 51, 83;
for rugs or mats, 86-92.
Skirt, doll's, 110.
Slats, weaving with, 23-24, 31-32.
Sleeve protectors, 117.
Slumber robes, 49, 54, 120, 121.
Socks, 113-114.
Sofa pillows, 120.
Songs, games, and stories, 143-152, 148 ff.
Splicing, methods of, 83-85.
Splints, weaving with, 23-24, 39.
Star, 37.
Steiger, E., publisher, 35.
Stories, 143, 152;
list of, 148 ff.
"Straw Weaving," 104.
Success, Froebel's theory, 17.
Sweater, doll's, 41.
Table cover, 49.
Table mats, 38, 116, 117.
Tam O'Shanter, 110.
Tassels, 112.
Tippet, 116.
Todd Adjustable Hand-loom, 18-21.
Towels, doll's, 55, 108-109.
Turkish rugs, designs for, 47-48, 123-124.
Vegetable dyes, 58, 61, 72.
Vegetable fibres, for weaving, 13, 14.
Veil cases, 120.
Walker and Jenks, song by, 144, 145.
Warp, 20, 42-50.
Weaving, its advantages, 11, 22;
oldest of the industrial arts, 12, 13, 14;
defined, 22;
first steps in, 23, 30-41;
free paper, 35.
Wheeler, Mrs. Candace, 58.
Wiebe, Edward, 34, 35.
Wiggin, Mrs. Kate Douglas, 34, 145.
Wilton rugs, 120-121, 131, 132, 134.
Woof, stringing of, 20.
Wool, for weaving, 13, 14, 54, 62 ff.
Worsted, splicing of, 83.
Wristlets, 116-117.