Handbook of anæsthetics

INDEX.

Abdominal operations, ix, 7
local anæsthesia in, 187
Abdominal muscles, rigidity of, 19
Abnormalities of anæsthesia, minor, 38
major, 140
Acapnia, 10, 29, 39
Accidents of anæsthesia, 140
Acetonuria, 153
Acidosis, 153
Adenoids, 127, 166
in status lymphaticus, 148
Adrenalin, 175
danger of, with chloroform, 113, 166
Aedentulous patients, 23
After-effects of anæsthetics, see Sequelae
Ages, dosage of morphia at various, 45
selection of anæsthetic at various, 164
Airshaft, natural, 96
Airway, natural, 15, 31, 114, 145
artificial, 23
Alcoholics, anæsthesia in, 2, 87, 103, 137, 165
Alkaloids, 12, 43, 88, 103
Aneurysm, 56
Anoci-association, 11
Anoxæmia, 15
Arm, management of in anæsthesia, 157
regional anæsthesia of, 181
Arteries, spouting of, x, 37
Arterio-sclerosis, 56, 167
Artificial respiration, 146
Asphyxia, 15
Athetosis, 38
Atropine, 43, 45, 112, 147
Auer and Meltzer, 96

Barth 3-way tap, 50
Bicarbonate of soda in acidosis, 156
Bladder, reflexes from, 39, 168
local anæsthesia in operations upon, 190
Blistering, by chloroform, 109
Blood, changes in, during anæsthesia, 207
spouting of, from cut arteries, x, 37
Blood-pressure, in natural sleep, 1
in shock, 6
in asphyxia, 17
in nitrous oxide, 46
in ether, 75
in chloroform, 110
in ethyl chloride, 122
clinical observation of, 37
Blowing respiration, 34, 89
Boothby, on ether percentages, 99
Boyle, Mr Leonard, 70
Brachial plexus, nerve blocking in, 181
Brain, see Nervous System
local anæsthesia for operation upon, 191
Breath-holding, 34, 112, 114
Breathing, deep (see Acapnia)
Bronchitis, 150

Carbon-dioxide, 10, 18, 206
Cardiac cyanosis, 37
Cardiac disease, 107
Cardiac failure (see Syncope)
Castration, anæsthesia in, 169
C.E. mixture, 83, 134, 137
Cells, nerve, changes in, 5
Centripetal impulses, 6
Children, 45, 94, 125, 164
Chloretone, 93
Chloride of ethyl (see Ethyl Chloride)
Chloroform, administration of, 113
decomposition of, 109
delayed poisoning by, 153
physiology of, 109
Choice of anæsthetics, 162
Circulation, observation of, x, 37
in shock, 10
in asphyxia, 17
in valved breathing, 29
in nitrous oxide, 46
in ether, 75
in chloroform, 110
in ethyl chloride, 122
in C.E. mixture, 131
failure of (see Syncope)
Circumcision, anæsthesia in, 169
Clarke’s apparatus, 69
Clenching of Jaws, 15, 24
Clinical phenomena of asphyxia, 18
of normal anæsthesia, 33
Closed ether, 78
Closed method, features of, 29
Clover’s inhaler, 78, 138
Cocaine, 170
Collapse (see Syncope)
Conduction of nerve impulses, 3
Connell, Karl, 90, 205
Conjunctival reflex, 31, 35
Convulsions, 17
Corneal reflex, 32, 35
Crile, Prof., 5, 9
Crowing respiration, 16, 169
night crowing, 148
Cyanosis, 18, 37, 53
Cylinders for nitrous oxide, 43
for oxygen, 64

Dangers of chloroform, Prof. L. Hill upon, 120
Death, causes of, 17, 110, 140, 144, 148
Decomposition of chloroform, 109
of ether, 74
Deep breathing, 10
Degrees of anæsthesia, 31
Dental anæsthesia, 54, 57, 128, 131, 163
Depth of anæsthesia, 36
Dextrose in acidosis, 156
Difficulties of anæsthesia, major, 140
minor, 38
Dilatation of pupils, 5, 17, 35, 53, 66, 125, 136, 141, 143
Disease, relation of anæsthesia to, 166
acute infectious, 168
Dislocations, anæsthesia in reduction of, 164
Dorsal position, 157
Dosimetric method for chloroform, 114
for ether, 90
Dott, Mr N., direct laryngoscope, 104
Douche method, 20
Dread (see Fear)
Drop bottles; chloroform, 117
ether, 83
Drop method, 30, 83
Drugs for local and spinal anæsthesia, 170 to 174

Emphysema, 167
Empyæma, 167, 187
Enema, before operation, 42
Ether, 74, et seq.
closed, 78
intratracheal, 96
open, 83
physiology of, 75
rectal, 93
warmed vapour, 90
Ether, respiratory sequelæ of, 150
Ether tremor, 38
Ethyl chloride, 122, et seq.
combined with nitrous oxide, 128
freezing anæsthesia by, 200
Eucain, 174
Excitement (see Struggling)
Extraction of teeth (see Dental Anæsthesia)
Eye reflexes, definition of, 31

Face-down posture, 157
Face, adaptation of masks to, 21, 52, 83
Face-pieces for nitrous oxide, 51
False anæsthesia, 41
Faradism of motor nerves in anæsthesia, 3
Fat patients, 158, 165
Fatty changes after anæsthesia, 153
, effects of, 9
prevention of, 11, 43, 88
Feeble patients, 168
Ferguson, Dr., W. J., 87
Fingers, regional anæsthesia for, 184
Flame, open, dangers of, 74, 104
Forceps, tongue, 24
Food before anæsthesia, 42
Foreign bodies in the larynx, 16
Freezing analgesia, 201
Fright (see Fear)

Gags, 25
Gardner, Mr Bellamy, 23, 24, 83
Gas and air, 54
Gas and ether, 138
Gas and ethyl chloride, 128
Gas-oxygen, 60
Gasping, 40
Genito-urinary operations, 168
Glossotilt, 24
Glottis, spasm of, 16, 20, 26, 105
Goitre, anæsthesia for, 160, 185
Goitre, exopthalmic, 9, 167
Grey and Parsons on shock, 6
Guy, Dr Wm., 128
Guy-Ross, gas oxygen method, 131
Gwathmey, warmed ether vapour, 90
oil-ether, 93

Hæmorrhage, as a factor in shock production, 9
observation of, by anæsthetist, x, 37
Hæmorrhoids, local anæsthesia for, 191
Harcourt, Vernon, 114
Head and neck operations, position for, 158
Head and neck, raising, 152
lowering, 110, 145
extra pillow in deep chested patients, 157
Heart, failure in asphyxia, 17
observation of, 37
action of ether upon, 75
of chloroform upon, 110
of ethyl chloride upon, 122
failure of, in secondary syncope, 144
Heart disease, anæsthetics in, 167
Henderson, Yandell, 10, 29
Hernia, local anæsthesia in, 189
Heroin, 44
Hewitt, Sir Frederick, 22, 50, 62, 81, 137
Hill’s direct laryngoscope, 104
Hill, Prof. Leonard, 111, 120
Hornabrook, 87, 123
Hydrochloric acid, as an impurity in chloroform, 109
Hypnotics, 12, 42
Hypodermic medication, 12, 42

Impurities of anæsthetics, 74, 109, 122
Infiltration analgesia, 175
Inhalers, Clover, 78
Clarke, 68
Guy, 128
Guy-Ross, 130
Hewitt, 50, 62, 81
Junker’s, 115
Ormsby, 81
Paterson, 58
Rendle, 135
Inhibition, vagal, 111, 143
Intestinal obstruction, 141, 189
Intranasal surgery, 160, 166, 192
Intratracheal method, 96
Kelly’s instrument for, 100
Shipway’s, 101
Inversion, Leonard Hill’s experiments upon, 110, 111

Jactitations, 53
Jaundice, 154
Jaws, clenching of, 15, 26
falling back of, 16
operations upon, 166
management of, in anæsthesia, 23, 83
Joints, anæsthesia in dislocation of, 164
Junker’s inhaler, 115

Kidney, position for operations upon, 168
Kelly’s intratracheal instrument, 100

Labour, anæsthesia in, 44, 169
Lane, Sir Arbuthnott, 14
Laryngeal stridor, 16, 20, 26, 40, 169
Levy, Goodman, 112, 145
Light anæsthesia, dangers of, in chloroform, 9, 112
Levy’s views, 113
Light reflex, 32
Local anæsthesia, 170 et seq.
Lowering of head and shoulders, 110, 145
Lumbar puncture, site for, 196
Lungs, ventilation of, by normal breathing, 96
by intratracheal method, 97
Lymphatism, 148

Malcolm, J. D., 9
Marshall, Dr Geoffrey, 70
Masks for chloroform, 110
for ether, 82
for perhalation method, 28
Massage of heart, 148
Mechanical asphyxia, 15
Meltzer and Auer, on intratracheal method, 96
Menstruation, 169
Micturition before nitrous oxide, 51
Mixtures, C. E., 83, 134, 137
of nitrous oxide and oxygen, 60
of nitrous oxide and ethyl chloride, 128
Morphine, 12, 43, 152
Mouth, breathing through, 22
Mouth, operations upon, 165
Mouth props, 22
Mucus in air passages, 40
Musculo-spiral paralysis, 157
Muscles in anæsthesia, ix, 3, 19, 34
Muscle tone, 3, 19, 53

Nasal breathing, 23, 166
Naso-pharyngeal catarrh, 151
Nasal methods of giving nitrous oxide, 57
Nasal tube for Junker’s bottle, 119
Neck, position of, 20
relaxation of muscles of, 21
posture for operation upon, 159
tumours and inflammatory swellings in, 7, 166
Nephritis, influence of, upon choice of anæsthetics, 77, 168
Nervous system, effects of anæsthetics upon, 2, 75
Nerves, peripheral, unaffected by anæsthetics, 3
Nerve blocking, 12, 179
Night-crowing, 148
Nitrous oxide, 46
with air, 54
with ether, 138
with ethyl chloride, 128
nasal, 57
physiology of, 46
contra-indications to, 56
Nitrous oxide and oxygen, 8, 12, 60
various systems for, 66, 70, 130
for use in major surgery, 72
with ethyl chloride, 131

Obesity, 158, 165
Obstruction, intestinal, 141
respiratory, 15, 141
Oil ether, Gwathmey’s method of, 93
Oligæmia in shock, 10
Omnopon, 44
Open method, definition of, 28
chloroform, 117
ether, 83
ethyl chloride, 123
O’Malley’s technique for intra-nasal surgery, 160
Ormsby’s inhaler, 81, 137
Over-dosage, 36, 110, 144
with nitrous oxide, 54
Oxygen, reduction in blood in anæsthesia, 206
as a relief in asphyxia, 27
to old patients, 165
with nitrous oxide (see Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen)
with nitrous oxide and ethyl chloride, 130

Paralysis, musculo-spiral, 157
Patella reflex in anæsthesia, 3
Percentages of chloroform and ether required in anæsthesia, 6
of chloroform, 111
of ether, 86, 99, 201, 204
Perhalation method, definition of, 28
ether (see open Ether)
Phenomena of anæsthesia
normal, 33
abnormal, 38
of nitrous oxide, 52
of ethyl chloride, 125
Pericarditis as a cause of death in anæsthesia, 168
Phillip’s artificial airway, 23, 160
Physics of natural respiration, 96
Physiology of anæsthetic drugs, 1
of asphyxia, 17
of chloroform, 109
of ether, 75
of ethyl chloride, 122
of nitrous oxide, 46
Phthisis, 167
Pneumonia, post anæsthetic, 157
Position in anæsthesia, 157
Positive pressure in nitrous oxide, 52
in nitrous oxide and oxygen, 66
Post-chloroform poisoning, 153
Post anæsthetic complications, 150
Pregnancy, anæsthesia in, 169
Preliminary hypodermic medication, 11, 43, 152
Preparation of patient, 42
Primary syncope, 110, 143
Protection from shock by general anæsthetics, 8
Pulse, rate in shock, 6
clinical observation of, 37
Pupil, light reflex of, 32
size of, 35
in asphyxia, 17
Purging before anæsthetics, 40

Quinine and urea hydrochloride, 174

Rebreathing method, 18
in nitrous oxide, 68
Rectal administration of ether, 93
Rectal saline, 42
Reflexes as a cause of shock, 4, 6
order of disappearance of, 3
Reflex, conjunctival, 31, 35
corneal, 32, 35
light, 32, 35
patella, 3
skin, 37
Reflex syncope, 8, 112, 145
Regional anæsthesia, 179
Renal disease, 163
Rendle’s cone, 135
Repeated administrations, 60, 156
Respiration, arrest of, 142
artificial, 146
blowing, 34, 89
crowing, 16
depressed, 39, 43
effect of morphia and chloroform upon, 43, 86
normal, 34
obstructed, 15, 141, 166
Respiration, physics of natural, 96
reflex arrest of, 39
Respiratory abnormalities, minor, 39
major, 141
Respiratory system, effects of ether upon, 76
after-effects of anæsthetics upon, 150
Rigidity of muscles in asphyxia, 19, 38, 39
in second stage, 33

Handbook of anæsthetics

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INDEX.