Heath's Modern Language Series: José

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VOCABULARY

• A
• a, to, for, of, from; at, in, into, by, up to, on, as, with, toward, until, in order to;
  —— bordo, on board;
  —— que, until, that; ——seguro, in safety.
• abajo,, down, under, underneath; below;
  más ——, lower (down);
  venirse ——, to fall.
• abalanzar, to balance;
  —se (a), to rush or dart forward.
• abandonar, to abandon, release.
• abatimiento, m., depression, despair;
  con ——, sorrowfully.
• abatir, to beat down, discourage, dismay.
• abierto, —a, p.p. abrir; opened; distended, outstretched; open, clear;
  nariz —a, flat or wide nose.
• ablandar, to soften, melt;
  —se, relent.
• abogado, m., lawyer.
• aborrecido, —a, hated, abhorred.
• abrazar, to embrace, clasp, caress.
• abreviar, to shorten, cut short; hasten, hurry.
• abrigar, to shelter, protect, cover;
  —se, to take shelter.
• abrigo, m., shelter, cover.
• abrir, to open, extend.
• abrumar, to consume, overwhelm, oppress.
• abrupto, —a, abrupt, rugged, broken, craggy.
• absorber, to absorb, engross.
• absorto, —a, p.p. absorber; amazed, dumbfounded.
• abuelo, m., grandfather, ancestor.
• abundancia, f., abundance, plenty.
• abundar, to abound, be frequent, be plentiful.
• abundoso, —a, abundant, plentiful, luxuriant.
• aburrirse, to be bored, grow weary.
• acá, here, hither, this way, to this place (implies motion).
• acabado, —a, finished, complete, perfect, faultless.
• acabar, to finish, complete, end, conclude;
  —— de + inf., to have just done (action expressed by infinitive);
  —— de decidirse, to come to a decision;
  —— de desconcertar, to completely disconcert;
  —— de saber, to finally learn;
  no —— de salir de, not to recover at all from.
• académico, —a, learned, scholarly.
• acaecer, to happen, occur, come to pass;
  lo acaecido, the occurrence.
• acaloradamente, hotly, vehemently, excitedly.
• acalorado, —a, heated, excited.
• acalorarse, to grow hot or angry; get excited, overheated.
• acariciar, to cherish, entertain, harbor; stroke.
• acaso, perhaps, perchance.
• acatamiento, m., respect, courtesy, reverence.
• accidente, m., accident, sudden attack; illness.
• acción, f., action, gesture, gesticulation.
• aceite, m., (olive) oil.
• acento, m., accent, inflection, emphasis.
• aceptar, to accept.
• acerca (de), about, concerning.
• acercar, to bring near;
  —se (a), to approach.
• acero, m., steel.
• acertar (a), to succeed; happen.
• aciago, —a, sad, ominous.
• acobardar, to daunt, dismay.
• acoger, to receive, accept.
• acogida, f., reception.
• acometer, to attack, assail, beset; undertake, begin.
• acompañar, to accompany, join, attend.
• acompasadamente, rhythmically.
• acongojado, —a, oppressed, afflicted, agonized.
• aconsejar, to advise, counsel, charge.
• acontecer, to happen, come about.
• acontecimiento, m., event, occurrence, circumstance.
• acordar, to agree;
  —se (de), to remember, recollect.
• acostarse, to go to bed, lie down, retire.
• acostumbrado, —a, customary, habitual, usual.
• acostumbrar, to accustom; be accustomed, used.
• acreedor, -a, deserving, worthy.
• acreedor, m., creditor; recipient.
• actitud, f., attitude, posture, position.
• acto, m., act, action.
• acudir (a), to repair to, run to, come forward; apply, appeal.
• acuerdo, etc., v. acordar.
• acusar, to witness, give evidence of, indicate, acknowledge.
• achacar, to attribute, impute, charge, ascribe.
• achicar, to bail.
• adecuado, —a, adequate, fitting.
• adelantado, —a, advanced, bold.
• adelante, ahead, forward, onward;
  hacia ——, forward, in front, before (one).
• ademán, m., gesture, manner, attitude;
  en —— de, in the attitude of; como en —— de, as if.
• además, besides, moreover, anyhow, likewise.
• adentro, in, inside, within, inner.
• aderezar, to prepare, arrange, dress, cook.
• adiós, good-bye, farewell.
• adivinar, to divine, guess, conjecture.
• admiración, f., admiration, wonder.
• adolecer, to suffer, be seized (with illness), fall sick; succumb;
  —— de rabia, to be overcome by rage.
• adoptar, to adopt, assume.
• adoratorio, m., oratory, chapel.
• adornado, —a, adorned, embellished.
• adquirir, to acquire, obtain, get.
• adulador, —a, flattering, fawning.
• adusto, —a, dark, gloomy.
• adversario, m., adversary.
• advertencia, f., remark, warning.
• advertido, —a, warned, on one's guard, made cautious.
• advertir (de), to notice, note, apprise, acquaint, give notice or evidence; show, betoken.
• advierto, etc., v. advertir.
• advirtió, etc., v. advertir.
• afablemente, courteously, cordially, pleasantly.
• afán, m., eagerness, anxiety, solicitude.
• afectar, to influence, impress; affect, pretend, feign.
• aferrar, to catch.
• afición, f., affection, fondness, attachment.
• afilado, —a, sharp.
• afirmación, f., statement, assertion.
• afirmar, to declare, assert, maintain.
• afirmativo, —a, affirmative, consenting.
• afligirse, to grieve, worry, repine.
• aflojar, to let go, loosen, relax.
• afortunadamente, luckily.
• afortunado, —a, fortunate, lucky.
• afuera, out, outside.
• afueras, f. pl. outskirts, environs.
• agarrar, to grasp;
  —se (a), to lay hold of, clutch, seize, hold on to.
• agitación, f., agitation, excitement, disturbance, fluctuation.
• agitar, to move, shake, wave, sway, flutter; agitate, excite.
• agosto, m., August.
• agotar, to exhaust, tire.
• agradecer, to be grateful for, acknowledge, thank.
• agradecido, —a, grateful, thankful.
• agradecimiento, m., gratitude.
• agrado, m., pleasure, satisfaction, content, liking.
• agradezco, etc., v. agradecer.
• agregar, to add, join.
• agua, f., water, the sea;
  entre aguas, sunk to the level of the water, swamped.
• aguantar, to bear, suffer, endure.
• aguardar, to await, expect;
  —se, to wait.
• agudo, —a, sharp, piercing, keen, acute.
• agüero, m., sign, omen;
  de buen ——, lucky.
• águila, f., eagle.
• aguileño, —a, aquiline.
• agujero, m., hole.
• aguzar, to sharpen.
• aherrojado, —a, in chains, in irons.
• ahí, there, yonder;
  de ——, thence.
• ahijada, f., goddaughter.
• ahogar, to smother, choke, strangle; drown;
  —se, to be suffocated, drowned.
• ahora, now, at present, just now;
  —— mismo, this very minute;
  por ——, for the present.
• ahorcar, to hang.
• ahorrar, to save, economize.
• ahorro, m., frugality, economy; parsimony.
• ahuecar, to deepen, to make hollow.
• ahuyentar, to banish, dispel.
• airado, —a, wrathful, furious, angry.
• aire, m., air, atmosphere, wind;
  al —— libre, outdoors, in the fresh air.
• aislado, —a, isolated, separated.
• ajar, to spoil, mar.
• ajeno, —a, another's, one's neighbor's.
• alabado, —a, praised.
• alargar, to extend, reach out.
• alarma, f., alarm.
• alarmar, to alarm, rouse.
• albañil, m., mason, bricklayer.
• alborotarse, to get excited, become agitated or disturbed; be roused.
• alcalde, m., mayor, justice of the peace.
• alcanzar (a), to obtain, attain, acquire; reach, overtake, come up to; succeed.
• alcoba, f., alcove, bed-room.
• aldea, f., village.
• aldeana, f., village maid, countrywoman.
• alegrar, to comfort, cheer, enliven;
  —se (de), to be glad, rejoice.
• alegre, gay, happy, cheerful.
• alegremente, cheerfully, merrily, brightly.
• alegría, f., joy, pleasure, mirth, rejoicing, festivity.
• alejar, to drive or put away, remove, separate;
  —se (de), to go off, get away, withdraw.
• aletargado, —a, lethargic, inactive, dull.
• alfombra, f., carpet.
• alforja, f., saddle-bag.
• algodón, m., cotton.
• alguacil, m., bailiff, constable, sheriff.
• alianza, f., alliance.
• aliento, m., breath.
• alimentar, to feed, nourish, support, cherish.
• alimento, m., food, nourishment.
• aliño, m., neatness, tidiness; elaborateness.
• alma, f., soul, spirit; mind, heart; human being; pl., people, persons;
  con —— y vida, with heart and soul.
• almendra, f., almond.
• Alonso, m., Alonzo, Alphonso.
• alquitrán, m., tar, liquid pitch.
• altamente, highly, exceedingly.
• altar mayor, m., high altar.
• alternativamente, alternately.
• altivo, —a, haughty, proud, lofty.
• alto, —a, tall, high, elevated; eminent, illustrious.
• ¡alto! halt! stop!
• altura, f., high seas, open sea.
• alumbrar, to light.
• alzar, to raise, lift up;
  —se, to rise, get up.
• allá, there, thither, to or in that place;
  más ——, further; (implies motion).
• allí, there, yonder, in that place (implies rest).
• ama, f., housekeeper.
• amabilidad, f., amiability, cordiality, courtesy.
• amable, amiable, affable.
• amanecer, m., dawn, daybreak.
• amanecer, to dawn.
• amanezca, etc., v. amanecer.
• amante, m., lover, sweetheart.
• amapola, f., poppy.
• amar, to love, like.
• amargo, —a, bitter.
• amargor, m., bitterness.
• amargura, f., bitterness, sorrow.
• amarillo, —a, yellow, golden.
• amarra, f., cable.
• amarrar, to fasten, tie, lash, moor.
• ambiente, m., atmosphere, air.
• ámbito, m., extent, length, depths.
• ambos, —as, both.
• amenaza, f., threat.
• amenazador, —a, threatening, menacing.
• amenazar (con), threaten, menace.
• amenidad, f., agreeableness, delight, pleasantness.
• ameno, —a, pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious.
• amical, friendly, fraternal.
• amigablemente, amicably.
• amigo, —a, m. & f., friend.
• amigo, —a, friendly, fond, willing.
• amistad, f., friendship.
• amistoso, —a, friendly, cordial.
• amo, m., master, owner, proprietor.
• amonestación, f., warning, advice, admonition.
• amontonar, to heap, pile up, gather.
• amor, m., love, affection;
  —— propio, self-love, conceit.
• amoroso, —a, amorous.
• amparar, to aid, shelter, protect.
• amparo, m., shelter, protection, refuge.
• amplio, —a, ample, large, extensive.
• amplitud, f., extent, size.
• amurar, to tack.
• anciano, —a, old, aged.
• ancla, f., anchor.
• anclar, to anchor.
• ancho, —a, broad, wide, large.
• andar, to walk, come, go, go on; to be;
  ¡anda! here! well! I tell you! be gone, off with you!
• anduviese, etc., v. andar.
• anegarse, to sink.
• anejo, —a, annexed, joined, attached.
• angelito, m., cherub.
• angosto, —a, narrow, limited.
• angustia, f., agony, anguish, affliction.
• angustiado, —a, wretched, miserable, worried, in anguish.
• angustioso, —a, difficult, distressing, painful.
• anhelo, m., anxiety, eagerness.
• anidar, to nest, nestle.
• animal, m., animal, beast; dolt, booby.
• animar (a), to encourage, animate, incite, urge;
  —se, to feel encouraged, hopeful, grow animated; p. 164, l. 11, animadas, quickened, fanned.
• ánimo, m., mind, thought; intention; courage, spirit, bravery.
• animoso, —a, brave, daring, courageous.
• anochecer, to grow dark.
• anochezca, etc., v. anochecer.
• anonadar, to annihilate.
• ansia, f., anxiety, longing.
• ansiar, to desire earnestly, long for, crave.
• ansiedad, f., anxiety, eagerness.
• ansiosamente, anxiously, uneasily, eagerly.
• ansioso, —a, anxious, solicitous, careful.
• ante, before.
• antepasado, m., ancestor, predecessor.
• anterior, —, former, previous, preceding.
• antes (de), prep., before, prior to; adv. & conj., before, first; —— de que, before;
  —— que, rather than, sooner than.
• antigüedad, f., antiquity, age; priority.
• antiguo, —a, antique, old, ancient;
  desde muy ——, v. p. 95, n. 1.
• antipatía, f., antipathy, dislike, repugnance.
• antojarse, to fancy, take a notion to.
• antojo, m., fancy, whim, caprice.
• Antonio, m., Anthony.
• anual, annual, yearly.
• anudado, —a, knotted, tied.
• anuencia, f., consent, permission.
• anunciar, to announce, proclaim.
• anzuelo, m., (fish-)hook.
• añadir, to add, join.
• año, m., year.
• apacible, peaceable, mild, inoffensive.
• apagado, —a, dull, faint; submissive.
• apagar, to put out, extinguish, destroy, quench; smother (a laugh); —se, to go out, grow dim.
• apalabrado, —a, bespoken, engaged.
• aparato, m., pomp, display, ceremony, formality.
• aparecer, to appear, seem, look, show up.
• aparejado, —a, ready, rigged, equipped.
• aparejo, m., equipment, furnishing; gear, tackle, rigging; instruments, apparatus.
• aparentar, to appear, pretend.
• aparente, apparent, evident, seeming.
• apariencia, f., appearance, look.
• apartado, —a, separated, retired, distant.
• apartar, to put away, banish, dismiss; dislodge, remove, separate;
  —se (de), to leave, withdraw (from), quit, go off.
• aparte, apart, aside.
• apasionado, —a, passionate, intense, devoted.
• apego, m., attachment, fondness.
• apelar, to have recourse to, appeal.
• apenado, —a, pained, grieved, saddened.
• apenas, hardly, scarcely, no sooner than, as soon as.
• apesadumbrado, —a, anxious, grieved, sad.
• apesadumbrarse, to grieve, worry, be troubled.
• apesar (de que), in spite of, although.
• apetecer, to desire, long for, crave.
• apetito, m., appetite, hunger.
• aplacarse, to grow calm.
• aplanchado, —a, pressed, ironed, smoothed.
• aplazar, to put off, postpone, defer.
• aplicación, f., assiduity, laboriousness, perseverance.
• aplicar (en), to apply, give.
• apocado, —a, weak, abject, mean.
• apoderarse (de), to take possession of, seize.
• apología, f., apology, defense, eulogy.
• apostar (a), to bet, wager.
• apostrofar, to address.
• apoyar, to rest, lean; support, substantiate, back;
  —se, to lean (upon).
• apoyo, m., help, support.
• apreciar, to appreciate, value, esteem.
• aprecio, m., appreciation, regard, esteem.
• apremiante, pressing, urgent.
• aprender, to learn; hear about.
• apresuradamente, hastily, hurriedly.
• apresurarse (a), to hasten, hurry, make haste.
• apretadamente, fast, closely, tightly.
• apretado, —a, close, dense, tight.
• apretar, to squeeze, tighten; urge, hasten, quicken (one's step).
• aprieto, m., stringency, difficulty; distress, affliction; pl., straits, difficulties, embarrassments;
  último ——, last extremity.
• aprisionar, to imprison, take possession of.
• aprobar, to approve.
• apropiado, —a, fit, suitable, appropriate; characteristic.
• aprovechar, to take advantage of, make use of, profit by;
  —se (de), to avail oneself of.
• aproximar, to approach.
• aptitud, f., aptitude, ability, fitness.
• apuestas, etc., v. apostar.
• apuntado, —a, pointed.
• apuntar, to mark, jot down; remark, put in, point out, hint; begin to appear (daylight).
• apurar, to drain; push, press;
  —se, to fret.
• apuro, m., difficulty, strait, tight place.
• aquí, here, in this place, hither; (implies rest);
  hasta ——, until now.
• aquilatar, to estimate, examine.
• árbol, m., tree, mast.
• arcano, —a, secret, hidden, unfathomable, obscure, unknown.
• arder, to burn, blaze, glow.
• ardid, m., trick, device, stratagem.
• ardiente, ardent, glowing, gleaming, fiery.
• ardientemente, ardently, fervently.
• arduo, —a, arduous, difficult.
• arena, f., sand.
• arenoso, —a, sandy.
• aritmética, f., arithmetic.
• armas, f. pl., arms; coat of arms.
• armador, m., ship-owner.
• armar, to put together, mount; set up, raise.
• arquear, to raise, arch.
• arraigado, —a, rooted, fixed.
• arrancar (a) (pers. indir. obj.) to snatch, jerk, tear; pull out or up, draw up; wrest; carry off.
• arranque, m., fit, burst.
• arrastrado, —a, drawn out, lingering, lengthened, slow.
• arrastrar, to drag or draw (up).
• arrebatado, —a, impetuous, rash, hasty, passionate, violent.
• arrebatar (pers. indir. obj.), to carry off.
• arreciar, to increase, grow more heavy.
• arredrar, to terrify, daunt.
• arreglar, to arrange, fix, settle.
• arreglo, m., arrangement, settlement; conformity;
  con —— a, in accordance with.
• arrepentido, —a, (de), repentant, regretful.
• arrepentirse (de), to repent, regret.
• arrepintió, etc., v. arrepentir.
• arriar, to let out, lower.
• arriba, up, upstairs; over, overhead; above, high.
• arrimarse (a), to approach; press close, lean against, crouch.
• arrojar, to fling, throw, hurl, drive, cast;
  —se (a), to throw oneself into, throw or launch oneself upon; indulge in, have recourse to.
• arrostrar, to encounter, combat, fight face to face.
• arroyo, m., brook, rivulet, small stream, creek.
• arruinar, to ruin, destroy.
• arte, m. & f., art; trade, profession; skill, cunning.
• artefacto, m., construction, device.
• articular, to articulate, say, utter, pronounce distinctly.
• asaltar, to occur suddenly, surprise, seize; assail.
• ascender, to ascend, mount, climb;
  —— (a), to amount to.
• ascendiente, ancestor, forefather.
• asegurar, to affirm, assert.
• asentimiento, m., assent, consent.
• asentir, to assent, acquiesce.
• asfixiado, —a, smothered, suffocated.
• así, thus, in this or that way or manner, so; so that, therefore;
  —— que, so, so that; as soon as.
• asiduo, —a, assiduous, persistent, habitual.
• asilo, m., refuge, shelter.
• asimismo, likewise, in like manner, exactly so, also.
• asintió, etc., v. asentir.
• asistir (a), to attend, go to.
• asno, m., ass.
• asomado, —a, peeping, peering out.
• asomar, to (begin to) appear, peep out, look out, bob up;
  —se (a), to peep out of or in to.
• asombrar, to obscure, shade; astonish; terrify, frighten;
  —se, to wonder.
• asombro, m., astonishment, wonder, amazement; dread, terror.
• aspecto, m., aspect, look, appearance.
• ásperamente, harshly, severely.
• áspero, —a, bitter, severe, harsh, rough.
• aspirar, to breathe, take in.
• asta, f., horn.
• astucia, f., shrewdness, cunning.
• asturiano, —a, Asturian.
• astuto, —a, artful, shrewd, cunning.
• asunto, m., matter, affair, business.
• asustar, to frighten, terrify;
  —se, to be frightened.
• atajar, to cut short, stop, intercept, interrupt.
• atar, to tie (up); confine.
• atascar, to stop up, choke.
• atemorizado, —a, afraid, appalled, dismayed, daunted.
• atención, f., attention, heed; kindness, courtesy.
• atender (a), to attend (to); take care of; hearken, listen, heed.
• atenerse, to hold to, abide by;
  a que —— (w. saber), to know the real truth.
• atentamente, attentively, carefully.
• atento, —a, attentive, heedful.
• aterrador, —a, terrible, frightful.
• aterrar, to terrify, appal, make cower.
• atesar, to haul taut, brace, tighten, fasten.
• atestado, —a, crowded, crammed, jammed, thronged.
• atiende, etc., v. atender.
• atmósfera, f., atmosphere, air.
• atormentar, to torment, plague, harass.
• atornillar, to screw.
• atrancar, to bar, bolt.
• atrás, back, backward.
• atravesar, to go through, cross over; lay or place across.
• atreverse (a), to dare, venture.
• atrevido, —a, daring, bold, intrepid, venturesome.
• atribuir, to attribute, ascribe.
• atribulado, —a, troubled, distressed, harassed.
• atributo, m., emblem.
• Atridas, Atrides.
• atrocidad, f., atrocity, cruelty.
• atropellado, —a, trampled upon, run over.
• atroz, atrocious, flagrant.
• aturdir, to bewilder, confuse, dull, daze.
• aumentar, to augment, increase.
• aun, aún, even, still, yet, further, nevertheless.
• aunar, to unite, join.
• aunque, although, notwithstanding.
• aurora, f., dawn.
• ausencia, f., absence, lack.
• auspicio, m., auspice.
• autor, —a, m. & f., author, perpetrator.
• autoridad, f., authority, power.
• autorizar, to authorize, permit.
• auxilio, m., assistance, aid, help.
• avanzado, lo ——, the lateness.
• avanzar, to advance, progress.
• avaricia, f., avarice, cupidity, greed.
• avaro, —a, avaricious, close, niggardly.
• avaro, m., miser.
• ave, f., bird;
  pluma de ——, quill, pen.
• Ave, Hail!
• avellana, f., hazel nut, filbert.
• avenirse (a), to settle, agree.
• aventura, f., adventure.
• aventurarse (a), to venture, dare, risk.
• avergonzado, —a, ashamed, embarrassed, abashed.
• avergonzar, to shame, make blush.
• avergüenzan, etc., v. avergonzar.
• avería, f., damage, loss.
• averiguar, to verify, ascertain, find out, investigate, inquire.
• avezado, —a, (a), accustomed, used.
• avidez, m., avidity, eagerness.
• avino, etc., v. avenir.
• avisado, —a, skilful, expert, adroit, clever.
• avisar, to give notice, announce, advise.
• aviso, m., notice, warning.
• ¡ay! oh! alas!
• ay, m., groan, moan, lament.
• ayuda, f., help, assistance, aid.
• ayudar (a), to help, aid, assist.
• azaroso, —a, hazardous, perilous, adventurous.
• azorado, —a, terrified, abashed, confused.
• azotar, to lash, whip, strike, beat down.
• azote, m., blow, whipping.
• azul, adj. & n., blue, azure; blueness.
• azulado, —a, bluish.
• B
• babor, m., port, larboard.
• bacalao, m., codfish.
• ¡bah! pshaw!
• bahía, f., bay, harbor.
• bailar, to dance.
• bailarina, f., dancer, ballet girl.
• bajar(se), to go down, descend; lower, reduce the price;
  —— la escalera, to go down-stairs;
  —— la cabeza, to hang (one's head).
• bajo, —a, adj., low; adv., under, underneath, below;
  por lo ——, in an undertone, a whisper;
  por —— de, below.
• balancear, to balance, sway, rock.
• balanza, f., scale, balance.
• balbucir, to stammer.
• balde, m., bucket, pail.
• banco, m., bench, seat.
• banda, f., border, edge, side.
• bandada, f., covey, flock.
• bañar, to bathe.
• barato, —a, cheap, inexpensive.
• barba, f., beard, chin.
• barbarie, f., barbarity, cruelty; brutality; rudeness.
• barca, f., bark, boat.
• barco, m., ship, vessel.
• barlovento, m., weather side, windward.
• barquichuelo, m., little boat.
• barra, f., bar, sand bank.
• barranco, m., ravine, glen, gully, gulch.
• barrer, to sweep.
• barril, m., barrel, keg.
• bastante, adj., enough, sufficient, pl., a number, a good many; adv., enough, sufficiently, rather; quite, "pretty," a good deal;
  lo ——, enough.
• bastar, to suffice, be ample, be enough.
• batahola, f., uproar, clamor.
• batallar, to fight, struggle, battle.
• batir, to beat, dash, strike, pound;
  —se, to struggle.
• beatíficamente, blissfully.
• beber, to drink, swallow, drain.
• bebida, f., drink; drunkenness.
• becerro, m., calf, calf-skin.
• belleza, f., beauty, fairness.
• bello, —a, beautiful, handsome.
• bendecir, to bless.
• bendito, —a, p.p. bendecir, blessed, holy.
• bendición, f., benediction, blessing.
• beneficio, f., kindness, favor.
• benevolencia, f., kindness, good will, charity.
• benévolo, —a, kindly, gentle, friendly.
• benigno, —a, kind, mild, merciful.
• Bernardo, m., Bernard.
• besar, to kiss.
• beso, m., kiss.
• bestia, f., beast, brute.
• besugo, m., sea-bream, red gilt-head.
• bien, m., good, welfare; pl., goods, property, riches; prosperity.
• bien, adv., well, right; very, quite, rather; surely; readily, heartily; all right; very well;
  o ——, más ——, or, rather;
  si ——, although.
• bienestar, m., comfort, well-being, prosperity.
• bigote, m., moustache, whisker.
• bilioso, —a, bilious.
• bisabuelo, m., great-grandfather.
• blanco, —a, white, fair.
• blancura, f., whiteness, fairness.
• blanquear, to shine white.
• bobalicón, —a, foolish, silly, stupid.
• bobo, —a, m. & f., fool, simpleton, dunce.
• boca, f., mouth; entrance;
  —— arriba, mouth up (on one's back).
• bocina, f., speaking-trumpet.
• boda, f., wedding, marriage; match.
• bodega, f., cellar, warehouse.
• bofetada, f., box, slap, blow.
• bogar, to row.
• boina, f., cap.
• boletín, m., bulletin, list.
• bolos, m., nine-pins, bowls.
• bolsillo, m., pocket, purse.
• bondadoso, —a, kind, kindly, generous.
• borde, m., border, edge; shore (of sea).
• bordo, m., board;
  a ——, on (ship-)board, aboard.
• borla, f., tassel.
• borrachín, m., drunkard, tippler.
• borracho, —a, drunk, tipsy.
• borracho, m., drunkard, wine-bibber.
• borrarse, to fade away, grow dim, disappear.
• borrasca, f., squall, tempest, storm.
• borrico, m., ass, fool.
• botar, to launch;
  —— al agua, to launch;
  —— a tierra, to haul ashore, draw up (on land).
• bote, m., boat; can.
• botín, m., booty, spoils.
• botón, m., button.
• bracero, m., day-laborer.
• brasa, f., live coal.
• bravamente, bravely.
• bravo, —a, brave.
• braza, f., fathom.
• brazo, m., arm.
• brea, f., pitch, tar;
  dar ——, to pay, cover ship's bottom w. pitch, resin, etc.
• brecha, f., breach, gap, aperture.
• brega, f., strife, struggle, quarrel.
• breve, short, brief, limited.
• bribón, —a, m. & f., wretch, scoundrel.
• brillar, to shine, glitter, gleam, sparkle.
• brincar, to caper, frisk, leap, gambol.
• brindar, to pledge, toast, drink health of.
• brío, m., strength, vigor, force; resolution.
• brisa, f., breeze.
• broma, f., joke, jest; merriment, hilarity.
• bronce, m., bronze, brass.
• brotar, to bud, arise, break forth, come up.
• bruces, de ——, mouth down, face downward, face forward.
• bruja, f., witch.
• brujería, f., witchcraft, enchantment, superstition.
• bruñido, —a, burnished, polished.
• buenaventura, f., fortune.
• buen(o), —a, good, kind, loving, virtuous; well; favorable;
  ¡——!, all right.
• bulto, m., bulk, mass, package; figure, outline, shape.
• bullir, to move about, stir, swarm;
  —le a uno el deseo, to be very desirous, intensely eager.
• burdo, —a, coarse, rough, common.
• buril, m., burin, graver.
• burla, f., mockery, ridicule, fun, banter.
• burlar, to frustrate, outwit, baffle;
  —se (de), to make fun of, ridicule, mock.
• burro, m., donkey, ass.
• busca, f., search, pursuit.
• buscar, to seek, search, look for, seek out.
• C
• cabal, just, exact, full.
• caballería, f., riding-beast, mount.
• caballero, m., gentleman, nobleman.
• caballo, m., horse.
• cabecera, f., head of a bed.
• cabello, —s, m., hair.
• cabeza, f., head, mind.
• cabildo, m., (cathedral-)chapter.
• cabizbajo, —a, crestfallen, dispirited, dejected.
• cabo, m., end, extremity; cape, headland; cord, rope, cable; master, chief;
  al —— de, at the end of;
  al ——, at last, in the end, finally, at length.
• cabriola, f., caper, leap, gambol.
• cadena, f., chain.
• caer, to fall, fall down, tumble, drop; of wind, to rise, come up;
  —se, to fall down;
  —— de bruces, to fall headlong;
  —— sobre, to befall.
• caída, f., fall, close;
  —— de la tarde, nightfall, evening.
• caja, f., box, chest.
• calafate, m., caulker.
• calamar, m., squid;
  salir al ——, to go out —— fishing.
• calamidad, f., misfortune, misery, calamity.
• calcular, to calculate, reckon, estimate.
• cálculo, m., calculation, conjecture.
• calidad, f., quality, character.
• calificado, —a, competent, able, brilliant.
• calma, f., calm, stillness, hush, quiet, peace.
• calmar, to calm, hush, pacify, soothe; soften, mitigate, alleviate.
• calor, m., heat, warmth.
• calumniar, to blame; slander.
• caluroso, —a, warm, hot, oppressive; enthusiastic, excited.
• calzada, f., way, road, path.
• calzón, —es, m., trousers, breeches.
• calzonazos, m., dotard; nonentity.
• callado, —a, discreet, sensible; silent, thoughtful, reserved.
• callarse, to be silent, hold one's tongue.
• calle, f., street, walk, road;
  por la —— abajo, down the street;
  por la —— arriba, up the street.
• cama, f., bed.
• cámara, f., ship's cabin.
• camarín, m., shrine.
• cambiar (de), to change, exchange.
• cambio, m., change, exchange; recompense;
  en ——, on the other hand.
• caminante, m., traveller.
• caminar, to walk, go or move along, march, travel.
• camino, m., road, way, path;
  —— real, highway;
  a medio ——, half-way.
• camisa, f., shirt.
• campana, f., bell.
• campaña, f., campaign.
• campesino, m., countryman, peasant, farmer.
• campiña, f., plain, field, level tract of land.
• campo, m., field.
• candelabro, m., candlestick, chandelier.
• candente, glowing, red-hot.
• cándido, candid, simple, artless, ingenuous.
• candil, m., oil-lamp.
• candoroso, —a, candid, ingenuous; sincere.
• cangrejo, m., crab.
• cansado, —a, tired, worn, weary, spent, exhausted.
• cansancio, m., weariness, fatigue.
• cansarse (de), to tire of, grow weary.
• cantaleta, f., joking, chaffing, fun.
• cantar, to sing.
• cantidad, f., quantity, amount, sum of money.
• caña, f., handle; helm, tiller; pole, rod.
• capa, f., cloak, mantle, cover; layer; canopy.
• capaz, capable.
• capilla, f., chapel.
• capitán, m., captain.
• caprichoso, —a, capricious, whimsical, odd, fantastic.
• carabina, f., carbine;
  tiro de ——, gun-shot.
• caracol, m., sea-shell.
• carácter, m., character, nature, disposition.
• característico, —a, characteristic, peculiar.
• caracterizar, to characterize, distinguish.
• carcajada, f., loud, hearty laugh.
• cárcel, f., jail, prison.
• carcomido, —a, wormeaten, decayed.
• carecer (de), to lack, need, want.
• carel, m., wales, bends (of boat).
• carena, f., careening, repairing.
• carenar, to careen.
• carga, f., load; charge, attack, onset.
• cargar, to load.
• caricia, f., caress, endearment.
• caridad, f., charity, kindness.
• cariño, m., love, affection.
• cariñosamente, kindly, lovingly, fondly.
• cariz, m., aspect, appearance (of weather).
• carne, f., meat, flesh; life.
• caroca, f., caress.
• carrera, f., course, route; career, profession.
• carretera, f., wagon-road.
• carro, m., cart.
• carta, f., playing-card.
• casa, f., house, home, family;
  a ——, home;
  en ——, at home;
  en —— de, at the house of;
  —— solariega, manor-house;
  para ——, home;
  por ——, around home, about the house.
• casado, —a, married.
• casamiento, m., marriage, wedding.
• casarse (con), to marry, wed.
• cascado, —a, broken, feeble.
• casco, m., hull (of a ship); helmet.
• caserío, m., group of houses, settlement, village.
• caserón, m., mansion, manor.
• casi, almost, nearly.
• Casimiro, m., Casimir.
• caso, m., case, matter, event, occasion, need;
  ir al ——, come to the point;
  —— raro! wonder of wonders!
• casorio, m., marriage, wedding.
• castigar, to punish, chastise.
• castigo, m., punishment, chastisement, correction, affliction.
• casualidad, f., chance, accident.
• casualmente, accidentally.
• casucha, f., cottage, hut, hovel.
• catálogo, m., catalogue, list, table.
• catecismo, m., catechism.
• catedral, f. & adj., cathedral.
• catorce, fourteen.
• causa, f., cause, reason, motive, occasion;
  a —— de, because of, owing to.
• causante, m., causer, occasioner, "to blame for."
• causar, to cause, produce, create, occasion, bring about.
• cautela, f., precaution, care.
• cautelosamente, guardedly, cautiously, warily.
• cavernoso, —a, hollow, deep.
• cavilación, f., worry, brooding.
• caviloso, —a, captious, testy, faultfinding.
• cayendo, etc., v. caer.
• caza, f., hunting, chase;
  a —— de, out hunting;
  salir de ——, to go out hunting.
• cazador, m., hunter, sportsman.
• cazurramente, slyly.
• cebar, to feed; vent.
• cebo, m., bait.
• cebolla, f., onion.
• ceder, to comply, give way, yield; grant, make over.
• cegar, to blind, bewilder, confuse.
• ceja, f., eyebrow.
• célebre, celebrated, famous.
• celebrar, to celebrate, applaud, praise; to conduct (a service).
• celeridad, f., speed, swiftness, intensity.
• cementerio, m., cemetery.
• cenar, to take supper.
• cendal, m., gauze, scarf; haze.
• ceniciento, —a, ashen.
• ceniza, f., ashes; (ashen) haze or mist.
• censor, m., critic.
• centellante, centelleante, scintillating, sparkling, gleaming, flashing.
• centellar, centellear, to flash, gleam, sparkle.
• centenar, m., hundred.
• ceñir, to gird, encircle; hug.
• centro, m., center, middle.
• cerca, f., fence, enclosure, hedge.
• cerca, near, close by, at hand, not far off;
  —— de, about, close to, nearly;
  de —— from near by, very close.
• cercano, —a, near, close by, neighboring, adjoining.
• cerciorar, to assure, affirm;
  —se (de), to make sure, ascertain, assure oneself.
• cerdo, m., hog, pig.
• cerebro, m., brain, mind.
• ceremonioso, —a, ceremonious, polite, formal.
• cerilla, f., wax taper; match.
• cernerse, to soar, hover.
• cero, zero.
• cerrado, —a, closed; thick, close, abundant, heavy.
• cerrar, to close, shut, fasten; obstruct, block up; to fall (the night).
• certeza, f., certitude, certainty.
• certidumbre, f., id.
• certificar, to certify, attest.
• cesar (de), to stop, cease, interrupt;
  sin ——, ceaselessly, endlessly.
• césped, m., turf, sod, grass.
• cestillo, m., little basket.
• cesto, —a, m. & f., basket, hamper.
• cicatería, f., meanness, trick.
• cielo, m., sky, heavens, firmament.
• ciencia, f., science, knowledge;
  —s exactas, exact sciences; mathematics;
  a —— cierta, positively, with certainty.
• cien(to), m., one hundred.
• cierran, etc., v. cerrar.
• ciertamente, certainly, surely.
• cierto, —a, certain, sure, evident, positive;
  por ——, indeed, certainly.
• cifrar, to calculate, place; cherish.
• cigarro, m., cigar.
• cima, f., summit, top, crest, peak, height.
• cinco, five.
• cincuenta, fifty.
• cinta, f., ribbon, tape, band.
• cintura, f., waist.
• ciñe, etc., v. ceñir.
• Cipriano, m., Cyprian.
• circunstancia, f., circumstance; position, condition, state (pl. w. sing. meaning).
• circunstantes, m. pl., bystanders, onlookers, spectators.
• cirio, m., taper, wax-candle.
• cirujano, m., surgeon, doctor.
• cita, f., appointment, engagement, rendez-vous;
  —— amorosa, lovers' tryst.
• citado, —a, aforesaid.
• ciudad, f., city, town.
• claramente, clearly, obviously, openly.
• claridad, f., light, brightness, clearness.
• claro, —a, clear, bright, light;
  ¡——! of course, certainly.
• clásico, —a, classic.
• Claudio, m.; Claude, Claudius.
• clavar, to nail, drive in, fasten; fix, root, rivet;
  —— una mirada (pers. indir. obj.), fix a glance or look upon;
  clavado al pecho, in a close embrace.
• claveteado, —a, hob-nailed.
• clero, m., clergy.
• cobrar, to recover, regain.
• cocina, f., kitchen.
• cocinero, m., cook.
• cochino, —a, nasty, dirty, filthy, beastly.
• cochino, m., pig; a dirty, mean person.
• codazo, m., nudge.
• codiciado, —a, coveted, desired, sought after.
• codicioso, —a, covetous, avaricious, grasping, greedy.
• coger, to grasp, hold, seize, catch; pick up, collect, gather.
• cohonestar, to justify, vindicate, exonerate, clear, defend.
• cojo, —a, cripple, lame.
• colegio, m., college, school.
• colegir, to gather, infer, deduce.
• cólera, f., anger, rage, passion.
• colérico, —a, provoked, angry, wrathful.
• colgar, to hang, suspend.
• colocar, to place, set, lay, locate.
• colorado, —a, red;
  ponerse ——, to blush.
• columbrar, to discern, perceive, espy.
• comadre, f., gossip, (godmother).
• comarca, f., neighborhood, region, district.
• comarcano, —a, near, neighboring.
• combinar, to combine, join.
• comedia, f., comedy, play, show.
• comendador, m., knight commander.
• comentar, to comment, criticise, judge.
• comentario, m., comment, remark, observation.
• comenzar (a), to commence, begin.
• comer, to eat.
• comerciante, m., merchant, trader.
• comerciar, to trade, traffic.
• comercio, m., commerce, trade, business.
• cometer, to commit.
• cómico, —a, comical, ludicrous, funny.
• cómico, m., comedian, actor.
• comiencen, etc., v. comenzar.
• comienzo, m., beginning, commencement.
• comisión, f., commission, order, charge.
• como, as, how, like, since, inasmuch as;
  ¿cómo? how? in what manner or way?
  ¡cómo! what! why!
  ¿a ——? (at) how much?
  —— que, as;
  —— si, as if.
• compacto, —a, solid, dense, close.
• compadecer, to pity, sympathize with.
• compaña, f., company, crew.
• compañero, —a, m. & f., companion, comrade, friend, fellow, chum; seaman.
• compañía, f., company, fellowship.
• comparación, f., comparison.
• compartir, to share, divide equally.
• compasión, f., pity, sympathy.
• compasivo, —a, compassionate, tender, pitying.
• complacer, to please, humor.
• completamente, entirely.
• completar, to complete, finish, make up.
• completo, —a, complete, full;
  por ——, entirely.
• complicado, —a, complicated, intricate, involved.
• componer, to compose, mend, repair.
• compra, f., purchase.
• comprar (pers. indir. obj.), to buy.
• comprender, to understand, comprehend, know; comprise, embrace, include, contain.
• comprometer, to compromise, expose, endanger.
• común, common, ordinary, usual, customary, frequent;
  por lo ——, commonly, usually, as a rule.
• común, m., average, majority, greater number.
• comúnmente, commonly, ordinarily, generally.
• comunicar, to communicate, impart; make known, inform.
• con, with, by, in, toward, against, about; on account of, because of;
  —— que, so;
  —— tal que, provided that.
• concavidad, f., concavity, hollow, hole, cavity.
• concebir, to conceive.
• conceder, to concede, bestow, grant, admit.
• concentrado, —a, concentrated.
• concepto, m., idea, conception, opinion.
• concertado, —a, harmonious, regular, correct.
• concertar, to arrange, agree.
• concesión, f., concession, consent.
• concibió, etc., v. concebir.
• conciliábulo, m., assembly, (unlawful) gathering.
• conciliar, to reconcile, win over, induce.
• concluir (de), to end, finish, close, complete;
  —se, to come to an end, to run out of (bread, etc.).
• concluya, etc., v. concluir.
• conde, m., count.
• condena, f., sentence, condemnation, penalty.
• condenar (a), to condemn, sentence.
• condescendencia, f., condescension, complaisance, courtesy, affability.
• condición, f., state, condition, disposition, temper.
• conducir, to conduct, guide, lead.
• conducta, f., behavior, deportment.
• confesar, to confess, acknowledge, own, grant; hear confessions; shrive.
• confianza, f., confidence, trust, faith; courage.
• confiar, to trust in, confide.
• confidencia, f., confidence, secret.
• confiese, etc., v. confesar.
• confín, m., confine, boundary, limit, border.
• confirmar, to confirm, verify, corroborate.
• confite, m., candy, comfit, sugar-plum.
• confitería, f., confectioner's (shop).
• confundirse, to mix, mingle.
• confuso, —a, confused, mixed; blurred, indistinct, obscure.
• congoja, f., anguish, agony, torture.
• congregar, to assemble, gather, meet.
• congrio, m., conger eel.
• conmigo, with me, with or to myself.
• conmoción, f., commotion, excitement, tumult.
• conmovedor, —a, moving, touching, pathetic, heart-rending.
• conmover, to move, disturb, affect.
• conocer, to know, recognize.
• conocimiento, m., knowledge, understanding, consciousness.
• conozco, etc., v. conocer.
• conque, so, well then, now, in short, finally.
• conquista, f., conquest.
• consagrar, to consecrate, devote.
• consecuencia, f., consequence, effect.
• conseguir, to obtain, get, gain, succeed in getting or doing, bring about.
• consejera, f., counsellor.
• consejo, m., advice, counsel, recommendation, admonition; opinion, decision.
• consentir (en), to consent, agree, acquiesce; permit, allow.
• conservación, f., self-preservation.
• conservar, to keep, hold.
• consideración, f., consideration, regard, esteem, respect.
• considerar, to consider, regard, think over; esteem, respect.
• consigo, with himself, herself, yourself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourselves.
• consigue, etc., v. conseguir.
• consintiese, etc., v. consentir.
• consistir, to consist, lie.
• consolar, to comfort, soothe, cheer.
• consonancia, f., harmony, accord, conformity.
• consorte, m., consort, spouse.
• constancia, f., constancy, steadiness, persistence.
• constante, constant, never-ending.
• constar, to be clear, plain, evident.
• consternado, —a, alarmed, terrified, panic-stricken, in consternation.
• constipado, m., cold.
• constituir, to constitute, make, produce.
• constituyen, etc., v. constituir.
• construir, to construct, build.
• construye, etc., v. construir.
• consuelo, m., consolation, comfort.
• consultar, to consult, ask advice.
• consumado, —a, consummate, accomplished, perfect.
• contar, to count; relate, tell;
  ——... años, to be... years old.
• contemplar, to contemplate, look at, gaze at, examine, study.
• contener, to contain, hold, enclose; restrain, repress, control, check; —se, to restrain oneself.
• contentar, to content, please, gratify.
• contento, —a, contented, satisfied, happy.
• contestación, f., reply, answer.
• contestar (a), to answer, respond, reply.
• contienda, f., quarrel, dispute, fray, fight.
• contigo, with thee, you.
• contiguo, —a, touching, adjoining, close, near by.
• continuado, —a, continued, constant, prolonged, steady, uninterrupted.
• continuamente, constantly, endlessly, steadily.
• continuar, to continue, pursue, proceed, go on.
• contorno, m., vicinity, environs.
• contra, against, across, counter, contrary or in opposition to.
• contraer, to contract;
  —— matrimonio, to marry.
• contrahecho, —a, bent, deformed.
• contraído, —a, contracted, tightened, diminished, shrunk.
• contrajeron, etc., v. contraer.
• contrapeso, m., counterpoise, counterbalance.
• contrario, —a, contrary, opposed, antagonistic.
• contrarrestar, to check, counteract, neutralize.
• contrastar, to contrast.
• contratiempo, m., accident, mishap, misfortune, calamity, disaster.
• convaleciente, convalescent.
• convecino, —a, m. & f., neighbor, companion, associate.
• convencer, to convince, assure.
• convencional, conventional.
• convenga, etc., v. convenir.
• convenido, —a, agreed, settled.
• convenir (a), to agree; (pers. indir. obj.) to suit, be suitable or compatible;
  —se, to be agreed.
• conversación, f., conversation, talk; company.
• convertir, to convert, change, transform;
  —se, to change.
• convidar (a), to invite, treat.
• convino, etc., v. convenir.
• convirtió, etc., v. convertir.
• convite, m., invitation.
• convocar, to convene, summon, call together.
• convulso, —a, convulsed, shaken.
• conyugal, conjugal.
• copa, f., glass.
• copiosamente, copiously, abundantly.
• copla, f., stanza, ballad, popular song.
• copo, m., bundle, flake.
• coraje, m., rage, passion.
• corazón, m., heart;
  de (todo) ——, truly, sincerely, heartily.
• corcovado, —a, hump-backed; n. m., hunchback.
• cordel, m., cord, rope.
• cordialmente, cordially, heartily.
• cordón, m., cord, girdle.
• cornisa, f., cornice.
• coronado, —a, crowned, surmounted.
• coronar, to crown, crowd.
• corporal, ——, bodily, physical;
  lo ——, the physical make-up, external appearance.
• corrección, f., correction, improvement; correctness.
• corredor, m., corridor.
• correr (a), to run, flow; pass by, go through; travel; draw aside (curtain); be current; undergo; pursue;
  echar a ——, to begin running.
• correría, f., excursion; pl., travels.
• correspondencia, f., return, interchange.
• corresponder, to correspond; belong to, be due to.
• corrido, —a, abashed, ashamed.
• corriente, current, ordinary, regular, common.
• corrillo, m., dim. corro.
• corro, m., group, circle.
• cortar, to cut, separate.
• cortejar, to court, woo.
• cortina, f., curtain.
• corto, —a, short, scanty, little, brief.
• cosa, f., thing, object; matter; something;
  otra ——, something else; fue —— hecha, the matter was settled.
• coscorrón, blow on the head, whack.
• coser, to sew.
• costa, f., coast, shore, beach; cost, expense, charge.
• costado, m., rib, side (of a ship).
• costanero, —a, on the coast; shore.
• costar, to cost, cause, occasion.
• costera, f., (fishing-)season.
• costumbre, f., custom, habit; pl., customs, manners;
  de ——, usual.
• cotidiano, —a, daily.
• crecer, to grow, become larger, increase; swell, rise.
• creer, to believe, credit;
  ¡ya lo creo! I should say so!
  creo que sí, I believe so.
• crepúsculo, m., twilight, dusk.
• criar, to nurse, rear.
• criatura, f., creature, child, baby.
• criaturita, f., little one, little child.
• cristal, crystal, glass.
• cristalino, —a, crystalline, clear, transparent, bright.
• Cristo, m., Christ.
• crítico, —a, critical, decisive.
• crueldad, f., cruelty, inhumanity; harshness.
• cruelmente, cruelly, mercilessly.
• crugido, m., scratching; rattling, cracking.
• crugir, to crunch, crackle, creak, rustle.
• cruzado, —a, clasped.
• cruzar (por), to cross, dart; to pass.
• cuaderno, m., memorandum-book, note-book.
• cuadra, f., stable; large hall.
• cuadrilla, f., band, troop, gang.
• cuadro, m., square; picture, scene; bed, plot (of vegetables).
• cual, —es;
  el, la ——;
  los, las —es, who, which; such as, like, same;
  cada ——, each one;
  lo ——, which;
  —— si, as if.
• cualidad, f., quality, characteristic.
• cuando, when, whenever;
  para ——, when;
  de vez en ——, v. p. 8, n. 10.
• cuantioso, —a, ample, rich.
• cuanto, —a, —os, —as, how much, how many; as much as, as many as; the more (when correlative of tanto); all, all that, whatever, a few;
  en ——, as soon as;
  en —— a, in regard to, as to;
  —— más (mejor), the more (the better);
  —— + poder, as much as possible;
  otras cuantas, several others;
  unos —os, several.
• cuarenta, forty.
• cuartillo, m., fourth of a real.
• cuarto, m., room; v. p. 13, n. 4.; quarter of an hour; pl., money, cash.
• cuatro, four.
• cubierto, —a, p.p. cubrir.
• cubrir, to cover, spread over.
• cuclillas, en ——, crouching.
• cuchara, f., spoon.
• cuchicheo, m., whispering.
• cuchillo, m., knife.
• cuelga, etc., v. colgar.
• cuenta, f., account, calculation, reckoning;
  a ——, on account, in part payment;
  dar —— (de), to tell (about), relate; answer (for), give account, know (of); account (for); v. p. 62, n. 2;
  hacer ——, settle an account.
• cuentan, etc., v. contar.
• cuerda, f., cord, rope, line.
• cuerdo, —a, prudent, sensible, judicious, discreet.
• cuerno, m., horn.
• cuero, m., leather.
• cuerpecillo, m., little, diminutive body.
• cuerpo, m., body;
  medio del ——, waist.
• cuestión, f., question; quarrel; dispute.
• cueva, f., cave.
• cuidado, m., care, solicitude; apprehension, fear;
  ¡——! take care!
  en ——, on guard.
• cuidadosamente, carefully.
• cuidar (de), to take care, be careful.
• culpa, f., fault, blame, guilt.
• cumplidamente, completely, entirely, fully, to the utmost.
• cumplido, full, complete, ample;
  bien ——, fully, quite.
• cumplimiento, m., fulfilment; accomplishment.
• cumplir, to fulfil, complete, accomplish; perform, carry out; keep a promise.
• cuna, f., cradle, family, lineage.
• cundir, to spread.
• cuñado, m., brother-in-law.
• cura, m., priest.
• curiosidad, f., curiosity.
• curioso, —a, m. & f., meddler, (curious) onlooker.
• CH
• chanza, f., fun, joke, jest.
• chaqueta, f., jacket, coat.
• charla, f., chatter, light talk.
• charlar, to chat, talk, gossip.
• chasco, m., trick, practical joke;
  dar un ——, to play a joke on.
• chico, —a, m. & f., youngster; little lad, chap; little girl, lass.
• chicuelo, m., urchin, youngster.
• chicharro, m., small tunny.
• chillido, m., scream, shriek.
• chimenea, f., chimney, hearth.
• chiquillo, m., youngster, child.
• chispa, f., spark.
• chisporrotear, to sputter.
• chisporroteo, m., hissing, crackling, sputtering.
• chiste, m., joke, witty saying.
• chistoso, —a, funny, witty, droll.
• chocar, to hit, strike, jostle.
• choque, m., shock, collision.
• chorrear, to drip, stream.
• choza, f., hut.
• chubasco, m., squall, shower.
• chupar, to suck.
• chupón, m., sucker.
• D
• D., Don.
• Dª., Doña.
• dama, f., dame, lady.
• danza, f., dance.
• dañar, to impair, weaken, lessen, diminish.
• daño, m., harm, damage, loss.
• dar, to give, present, hand; inspire, cause, excite; attribute; strike (the hour);
  —— a, to overlook, open into or (out) on;
  —— a entender, to manifest;
  —se a, to give oneself up wholly, devote oneself, begin;
  —— con, v. p. 2, n. 5;
  —— comienzo, to begin;
  —— cuenta, v. cuenta & p. 62, n. 2;
  —— un chasco, v. chasco;
  —— parte (de), v. p. 72, n. 2;
  —— un paso, to take a step;
  —se por entendido, —a, v. p. 17, n. 2;
  —se prisa (a), to hasten, hurry;
  —— la vuelta, v. p. 11, n. 1;
  —— vueltas a, v. p. 30, n. 6.
• dato, m., fact, piece of information.
• de, conj., than, as;
  —— lo que, than.
• de, prep., of, about, from (over), belonging to; by, for; in, on, upon; on account of, with.
• dé, etc., v. dar.
• debajo (de), under, underneath, below.
• deber, m., duty, obligation.
• deber, to owe; must, ought, have to;
  —— de, v. p. 3, n. 2.
• debido, —a (a), owing to.
• débil, weak, feeble.
• decencia, f., decency, cleanliness, tidiness.
• decente, decent, respectable.
• decidido, —a, determined, positive.
• decidir, to decide, conclude, resolve, determine, —se, to decide.
• decir, to say, tell, speak, affirm, assert, state;
  al —— de, according to, in the opinion of;
  por mejor ——, rather.
• decisión, f., firmness, resolution, determination.
• declaración, f., declaration, avowal.
• declarado, —a, declared, sworn.
• declarar, to declare, manifest.
• declinar, to decline, sink, descend.
• decretar, to decree, order.
• dedicar, to dedicate, devote;
  —se, to give oneself up to.
• dedo, m., finger.
• defecto, m., fault, defect, imperfection, failing.
• defender, to guard, defend, protect.
• defensa, f., defense, safeguard, protection.
• definitivamente, finally, definitely.
• defraudado, —a, defrauded, outwitted, cheated, tricked.
• degenerar, to degenerate.
• dejar, to let, allow, permit; leave, leave off, let go, cease, relinquish, abandon, quit; give, entrust, deliver;
  —se, to permit or allow oneself to; v. p. 30, n. 2; p. 52, n. 3.
• delantal, m., apron.
• delante, before, in front (of), ahead (of), in the presence of;
  por ——, in front.
• deleitable, delightful, delectable.
• deleite, pleasure, relish, satisfaction.
• deliberar, to deliberate, consider, consult.
• delicadamente, delicately, carefully, deftly.
• delicadeza, f., delicacy, refinement, good breeding.
• delicado, —a, delicate.
• delicia, f., delight, satisfaction, pleasure.
• delito, m., crime, guilt, transgression.
• demanda, f., demand, request.
• demandar, to demand, ask, petition; claim.
• demás, adj., el, la, lo, los, las ——, the remainder, the rest, the balance, the others; adv., besides, over, moreover.
• demasiado, —a, adj., excessive, too much, more than enough; adv., too, too much; more than enough; too well.
• demonio, m., devil.
• demostrar, to show, manifest, evince.
• demudado, —a, altered, agitated, excited.
• denominado, —a, named, called.
• dentro, within, in, inside;
  —— de, within, inside of.
• denuesto, m., insult, affront, injury.
• departir, to talk, chat.
• depositar, to deposit, place, sequester.
• depósito, m., sequestration.
• deprimido, —a, dejected, meek.
• derechamente, directly, straight, right.
• derecho, —a, right, straight, direct;
  -a, right (hand).
• derecho, m., privilege, right.
• derramar, to shed;
  -se, to overflow, spread, fill;
  —— por el cuerpo a, to take possession of.
• derribar, to tear down, demolish.
• derrotar, to defeat, rout, vanquish.
• derruido, —a, ruinous, dilapidated.
• desabrimiento, m., disagreement, misunderstanding, asperity.
• desagradable, unpleasant, disagreeable.
• desagraviar, to conciliate, make amends, give satisfaction.
• desahogado, —a, free, clear, unencumbered.
• desahogar, to relieve, ease, clear (one's head);
  -se, to unbosom, unburden oneself, express oneself fully.
• desaire, m., rebuff, slight.
• desalado, —a, eager, breathless, anxious, in haste.
• desaliento, m., dismay, discouragement, depression, alarm.
• desamarrar, to untie, detach, unfasten, let go.
• desaparecer, to vanish, disappear.
• desarrollado, —a, well developed.
• desasosiego, m., uneasiness, restlessness.
• desatar, to untie, loosen, undo;
  -se, to break forth or loose.
• desazón, m., uneasiness, restlessness, dissatisfaction, disappointment.
• desbaratado, —a, ruined, destroyed, in pieces.
• desbocado, —a, foul-mouthed, coarse, indecent.
• desbocarse, to use abusive or insulting language.
• descalzo, —a, barefooted.
• descansado, —a, restful, easy.
• descansar, to rest.
• descanso, m., repose, rest, peace; landing, resting-place.
• descargar, to discharge, unload.
• descascado, —a, broken down.
• descender, to descend, go or walk down, let (oneself) down, lower oneself.
• descolorido, —a, pale, white.
• descomponerse, to become altered or deranged, change for worse.
• descomunal, extraordinary, uncommon, unusual.
• desconcertar, to disconcert, confuse, ruffle, disturb.
• desconfianza, f., distrust, fear.
• desconfiar, to doubt, mistrust.
• desconocido, —a, unknown, unexplored.
• desconsolado, —a, disconsolate, downhearted, heart-sick.
• desconsuelo, m., grief, despair.
• descontento, —a, displeased, dissatisfied, uneasy.
• descosido, —a, torn, ripped.
• descubierto, —a, p.p. descubrir; bare, open, disclosed, uncovered;
  poner al ——, to uncover, expose.
• descubrimiento, m., discovery, disclosure.
• descubrir, to discover, ascertain, find out; disclose, uncover, reveal, expose to view.
• descuidado, —a, careless, listless, indifferent.
• descuido, m., carelessness, over-sight, negligence.
• desde, from, since;
  —— que, conj., since.
• desdén, m., disdain, scorn, contempt.
• desdeñoso, disdainful, scornful.
• desdicha, f., misfortune, misery, wretchedness.
• desdichado, —a, unlucky, unfortunate.
• desdoblar, to unfold.
• desear, to desire, wish, long for.
• desembocar, to empty, flow into, pour out.
• desempeñar, to perform, carry out, discharge, accomplish.
• desengaño, m., disillusion, disappointment.
• desenvolver, to unwrap, unfold, develop;
  —— con, to display, exhibit, parade (for person's benefit).
• deseo, m., desire, wish, longing.
• deseoso, —a, eager, desirous, longing.
• deserción, f., desertion, escape, loss.
• desesperación, f., despair, desperation.
• desfallecer, to faint, swoon.
• desfigurado, —a, disfigured; tanned, roughened.
• desgarrador, —a, heart-rending, piercing.
• desgarrar, to tear, rend.
• desgracia, f., misfortune, calamity, adversity; grief, sorrow, affliction;
  por ——, unfortunately.
• desgraciadamente, unluckily.
• desgraciado, —a, wretched; unhappy, miserable.
• desgreñado, —a, dishevelled; in disorder.
• deshabitado, —a, uninhabited, abandoned, empty, deserted.
• deshabitar, to leave, desert, quit.
• deshacer, to undo, efface, destroy; counteract;
  —se, v. p. 52, n. 5, to break forth, give vehement expression to;
  —se de, to sell, transfer, get rid of.
• deshecho, —a, p.p. deshacer, destroyed, in pieces.
• deshizo, etc., v. deshacer.
• deshonrado, —a, dishonored, disgraced.
• designar, to appoint, name.
• desigual, unequal, uneven; changeable, variable.
• deslenguado, —a, talkative, loquacious; free of speech, gossiping, slanderous.
• deslizar, to slip, glide.
• desmayado, —a, fainting; pale; faint.
• desmerecer, to be unworthy, undeserving.
• desmesuradamente, excessively; widely; wildly.
• desnudo, —a, naked, bare, uncovered.
• desobedecer, to disobey.
• despacio, slowly, deliberately;
  ¡——! gently!
• despacito, very quietly, slowly.
• despachar, to despatch, get through; send;
  —se, to make haste, finish quickly, get through with despatch.
• desparramado, —a, scattered, dispersed.
• despavorido, —a, aghast, terrified.
• despecho, m., spite;
  a ——, despite, notwithstanding.
• despedir, to give forth, emit, throw off;
  —se (de), to take leave, say good-bye.
• despegar, to detach, separate, withdraw; unfold;
  —— los labios, to speak.
• despejado, —a, clear, free, unobstructed; cloudless, serene.
• despertar, to awake.
• despide, etc., v. despedir.
• despierto, —a, wide-awake, bright, lively, clever; sharp, keen;
  tener —— el apetito, to be very hungry.
• despoblar, to depopulate, desert;
  —se, to become deserted.
• despojar, to despoil, deprive; cut out or off.
• despojo, m., spoliation, robbery, plunder.
• desposeído, —a, deprived, dispossessed.
• despótico, —a, arbitrary, tyrannical.
• despreciar, to despise, reject.
• despreciativo, —a, depreciative, scornful, disparaging.
• desprecio, m., contempt, scorn, disdain.
• desprenderse (de), to give up, dispossess oneself.
• despreocupado, —a, unprejudiced, broad-minded, liberal.
• después, adv., after, afterward, next, later, then;
  —— de, prep., after;
  —— que, conj., after.
• destacar, to detach.
• destello, m., sparkle, flash.
• destinado, —a, designed, destined.
• destino, m., destiny, fate.
• destornillar, to unscrew.
• destreza, f., dexterity, skill, adroitness.
• destruir, to destroy, efface, wear away.
• desvelado, —a, awake.
• desvergonzado, —a, impudent, shameless.
• desvergüenza, f., shamelessness, audacity, impudence.
• desviar, to turn aside, divert; excuse.
• detener, to detain, stop, hinder, check;
  —se (a), to tarry, stop, stand still.
• determinación, f., determination, resolution, decision.
• determinar (de), to determine, conclude, decide;
  —se (a), to resolve firmly, make up one's mind.
• detiene, etc., v. detener.
• detrás, adv., behind, back (of), in the rear; after;
  —— de, prep., behind;
  por —— de, behind.
• detuvo, etc., v. detener.
• deuda, f., debt.
• devastador, —a, destructive, ruinous, pernicious.
• devolver, to return, give or send back.
• devoto, —a, devout, pious, faithful.
• devuelto, p.p. devolver.
• di, imp. decir.
• día, m., day, daylight;
  al entrar el ——, at daybreak;
  de ——, by day;
  el —— menos pensado, p. 141, n. 1;
  en todo el ——, all day long;
  las horas del ——, day-time;
  medio ——, midday, noon;
  por el ——, in the day-time, by day;
  todos los —s, every day;
  un —— y otro ——, day after day.
• diablo, m., devil, deuce.
• diáfano, —a, clear, limpid, transparent, diaphanous.
• dibujar, to delineate;
  —se, to appear, flit (a smile).
• dice, etc., v. decir.
• diciembre, December.
• dicterio, m., sarcasm, taunt, insult.
• dicha, f., happiness, felicity, bliss.
• dicho, —a, p.p. decir;
  mejor ——, rather.
• dichoso, —a, happy.
• Diego, m., James.
• diente, m., tooth.
• dieran, etc., v. dar.
• diestro, —a, dexterous, expert, skilful.
• diez, ten;
  las ——, ten o'clock;
  —— y seis, sixteen;
  —— y nueve, nineteen.
• diferencia, f., difference.
• diferente, different, unlike.
• difícil, difficult, hard; unlikely, improbable.
• dificultad, f., difficulty, pain, labor.
• difunto, —a, deceased, late.
• difunto, —a, m. & f., corpse.
• diga, etc., v. decir.
• dignarse, to deign, condescend.
• dignidad, f., dignity, pride.
• digno, —a, worthy, suitable, appropriate.
• dijeron, etc., v. decir.
• dilatado, —a, large, wide, spacious, extensive, vast.
• dilatar, to postpone, defer, delay.
• diligente, diligent, active, ready, careful.
• diminutivo, m., diminutive.
• diminuto, —a, diminutive, tiny.
• dinero, m., money, wealth, fortune.
• Dios, m., God; god;
  —— mediante, God willing;
  por ——, for God's sake.
• diosa, f., goddess.
• diplomacia, f., astuteness, diplomacy.
• diplomático, m., diplomat.
• dirá, etc., v. decir.
• dirección, f., direction, route; management, control, command;
  en —— a, towards.
• directamente, directly, openly.
• directo, —a, straight, direct, open.
• dirigir, to direct;
  —se (a), to address, turn to, go toward, to go.
• disciplina, f., discipline, punishment, chastisement, whipping.
• discordia, f., discord, dissension, disagreement, strife.
• disculpa, f., excuse, justification.
• disculpar, to excuse; —se, to excuse, justify oneself; apologize.
• discurrir, to roam, ramble.
• discurso, m., discourse, speech, talk.
• disfrazar, to disguise, conceal.
• disfrutar (de), to enjoy, take advantage of.
• disgustar, to disgust, displease, vex;
  —se, to be displeased, put out, trouble oneself.
• disgusto, m., disgust, vexation, annoyance; grief, sorrow, disappointment.
• disimuladamente, slyly, furtively.
• disimular, to dissemble, hide, conceal, mask.
• disimulo, m., dissimulation;
  con ——, covertly.
• disiparse, to scatter, disperse.
• disminuir, to diminish, lessen, decrease.
• disminuya, etc., v. disminuir.
• dispensar, to grant, bestow, apply;
  —se (a), to use or assume towards...
• disponer, to dispose, arrange, prepare, resolve; use;
  —se, to get ready.
• disposición, f., arrangement, aptitude, inclination, tendency; condition, temper; order, manner, measure.
• dispuesto, —a, p.p. disponer; disposed, ready.
• disputa, f., dispute, argument.
• disputar, to dispute, argue, contest, quarrel.
• distancia, f., distance.
• distante, distant, far, remote; away.
• diste, etc., v. dar.
• distinguir, to distinguish, discern.
• distinto, —a, distinct, different; clear.
• distracción, f., carelessness, indifference, unconcern, coolness.
• distraídamente, absent-mindedly.
• distraído, —a, distracted, wandering, inattentive, heedless, preoccupied.
• disuadir, to dissuade, deter.
• diversamente, differently.
• divertido, —a, entertaining, amusing, funny.
• divertir, to divert, entertain;
  —se, to amuse oneself.
• divisar, to perceive, detect, discern, discover.
• doblar, to double, bow, bend, give way; to round;
  —se, to give way;
  —— la rodilla, to kneel.
• doce, twelve;
  las ——, twelve o'clock;
  las —— de la noche, midnight.
• docena, f., dozen.
• dócil, docile, yielding.
• dócilmente, quietly, meekly, mildly.
• doctrina, f., doctrine, belief, creed; principles.
• documento, m., document, paper.
• dogo, m., terrier.
• dolor, m., anguish, grief, sorrow, pain.
• dolorido, -a, grieved, sorrowful, hurt, pained, aching.
• dolorosamente, painfully, sorrowfully.
• doloroso, -a, sorrowful, pitiful.
• doméstico, -a, domestic.
• dominar, to control, master.
• domingo, m., Sunday.
• dominio, m., power, possession; pl., id.
• don, m., gift, present.
• Don, m., Mr. (only before Christian name).
• doncella, f., maiden, lass.
• donde, where, in which place;
  a ——, where, whither;
  de ——, whence; donde quiera (que), wherever, anywhere;
  por ——, where;
  ¿por dónde?, where, whereabouts, by what road? which way?
• Doña, Miss or Mrs. (v. Don).
• dorado, -a, gilded, gilt.
• dormido, -a, asleep, still.
• dormir, to sleep, slumber, rest.
• dormitar, to doze, nap.
• Dorotea, f., Dorothea, Dorothy.
• dos, two;
  las ——, two o'clock.
• doscientos, -as, two hundred.
• dote, f., dowry; pl., (natural) gifts, talents, blessings.
• doy, etc., v. dar.
• driza, f., halliard.
• duda, f., doubt;
  sin ——, doubtless.
• dudar (de), to doubt, discredit.
• dueño, m., master, owner, proprietor.
• duermen, etc., v. dormir.
• dulce, sweet, gentle, kind, amiable.
• dulcificar, to sweeten, soften, make more gentle.
• dulzura, f., sweetness, gentleness; pleasure.
• duque, m., duke.
• duramente, forcibly, roughly, violently.
• durante, during.
• durar, to last, continue.
• durmiendo, etc., v. dormir.
• duro, -a, hard, cruel, unjust; unbearable, vexatious.
• duro, m., dollar.
• E
• E., v. este.
• e, and (before i or hi).
• ¡ea! come! come now!
• eclipsar, to eclipse, outshine, surpass.
• echar, to throw, toss, fling, cast, dart, pitch, hurl; drive, turn; apply, put; give forth; of a season, begin;
  —— a, to begin, turn out;
  —— abajo, to raze, demolish;
  —— espuma, to froth;
  —— la culpa, to blame;
  —— los dientes, to eat;
  —— raíces, to take root; —se, to lie down, stretch oneself out, throw oneself down;
  —se a, to begin;
  —se encima, to fall upon.
• edad, f., age, epoch, time;
  de corta ——, young;
  de más ——, older;
  —— Media, Middle Ages.
• edificio, m., building, structure.
• educación, f., education, training, instruction.
• educado, -a, educated, brought up, bred.
• efectivamente, certainly, indeed, in truth, in fact.
• efecto, m., effect, consequence;
  en ——, indeed, in fact, actually.
• efectuar, to effect, accomplish, carry out.
• eficacia, f., efficacy, potency.
• efusión, f., effusion.
• egoísta, m. & adj., egoist; selfish.
• egregio, -a, distinguished, eminent, illustrious.
• ejecutar, to execute, perform, act, do.
• ejemplar, exemplary, model.
• ejemplaridad, f., example, warning.
• ejemplo, m., example.
• ejercer, to exercise, practice.
• ejército, m., army.
• elegir, to select, choose.
• elemental, elementary.
• elemento, m., element.
• elevado, -a, tall, erect.
• elevar, to raise, elevate, lift;
  —se, to rise, ascend, soar.
• eligen, etc., v. elegir.
• Elisa, f., Eliza, Elizabeth.
• Elisina, dim. Elisa.
• Elisita, id.
• elocuente, eloquent.
• eludir, to elude, avoid, escape.
• embarazar, to embarrass, hinder, perplex.
• embarazoso, -a, embarrassing, uncomfortable.
• embarcación, f., boat, ship, vessel.
• embarcarse, to embark, go on board.
• embargado, -a, seized, possessed; absorbed.
• embargar, to seize, attach; absorb, engross, overwhelm; hold fast, lie heavily on.
• embargo, m., embargo, seizure;
  sin ——, nevertheless, notwithstanding.
• embebido, -a, absorbed, intent, engrossed, engaged.
• embestida, f., attack, assault, onset.
• embestir, to strike, collide, attack, rush against.
• embravecido, -a, enraged, furious; swollen.
• embreado, -a, tarred.
• embriagar, to transport, enrapture;
  —se, to become intoxicated.
• embriaguez, f., intoxication, drunkenness.
• embromar, to annoy, tease, provoke, vex, taunt; joke, banter.
• embuste, m., fib, deception, trick.
• eminencia, f., hill, height.
• emoción, f., emotion, feeling.
• emolumento, m., emolument, fee, perquisite.
• empalidecer, to blanch, grow white, pale.
• empapado, -a, drenched, soaked; imbued.
• empaquetar, to pack.
• emparejado, -a, side by side, together.
• empeñado, -a (en), in debt for, mortgaged.
• empeñar, to pledge, gage;
  —se (en), to insist, persist.
• empeño, m., determination, firmness, earnest desire;
  con ——, eagerly, steadily, earnestly.
• empezar (a), to begin.
• empiece, etc., v. empezar.
• empinarse, to stand on tiptoe.
• emplear, to employ, engage. —se (en), to employ oneself, engage in; busy or devote oneself.
• emprendedor, —a, enterprising, venturesome; clever, capable.
• emprender, to undertake, engage in, venture on.
• empujar, to push, drive, shove.
• empujón, m., push, shove.
• empuñar, to grasp, seize, take hold of, clutch.
• en, in, into, inside of; on, upon; for; at.
• enaguas, f. pl., skirt, petticoat.
• enajenamiento, m., absorption, preoccupation, absence of mind.
• enajenar, to transfer, sell.
• enamorado, —a, in love, enamoured.
• enamorado, —a, m. & f., lover, love.
• encalmado, —a, becalmed.
• encaminado, —a, directed, addressed.
• encaminar, to guide, direct;
  —se, to direct one's steps to, make one's way, take the road, go toward.
• encanto, m., charm, spell.
• encapotado, —a, cloudy, overcast.
• encaramado, —a, perched, settled.
• encarar, to face, confront;
  —se (con), to face.
• encarecer, to exaggerate, praise, applaud.
• encargado, —a, employed, commissioned.
• encargar, to order;
  —se (con or de), to take charge, undertake.
• encarnado, —a, red, scarlet.
• encender, to light, kindle; burn;
  —se de rubor, to blush.
• encendido, —a, red; excited, violent, angry, heated, furious.
• enciende, etc., v. encender.
• encerrar, to enclose, surround, shut or lock up.
• encima, on, on top (of), upon; over, above;
  —— de, upon, over;
  por —— de, over.
• enclavado, —a, nailed, fastened, fixed, set.
• encogerse, to shrink, contract; shrug.
• encolerizado, —a, angry, irritated, provoked.
• encomio, m., praise, commendation, approval.
• encontrar, to meet, encounter, find;
  —se, to be;
  —se (con), to meet.
• encuentran, etc., v. encontrar.
• encuentro, m., encounter, meeting;
  salir, or ir al —— de, to go to meet or go in quest of, someone or something (noun maybe understood, e.g. p. 7, l. 3.)
• enderezar, to direct;
  —— los pasos, to go.
• endulzar, to sweeten, soften, tone down;
  —se, to soften.
• enemigo, —a, m. & f., enemy, foe.
• energía, f., energy, vigor, force.
• enérgico, —a, energetic, vigorous, lively, expressive.
• enero, m., January.
• enfadar, to provoke, vex, offend;
  —se, to become angry, be vexed or offended.
• énfasis, m., emphasis.
• enfático, —a, emphatic.
• enfermo, —a, sick, ill.
• enfurecido, —a, enraged, infuriated.
• enganchar, to hook, connect.
• engañar, to deceive, swindle, cheat, trick, impose upon.
• engatusar, to inveigle, entice, entrap.
• engendrar, to beget, produce.
• engrosar, to enlarge, grow, swell; broaden, expand.
• engullir, to devour, bolt.
• enigma, m., riddle.
• enjuagar, to rinse, wash out.
• enjugar, to dry, wipe.
• enjuto, —a, thin, lean; withered, wrinkled.
• enlazar, to join, clasp;
  —se (con), to become allied with, become related by marriage.
• ennegrecer, to darken, blacken.
• enojar, to anger, irritate;
  —se, to become angry, be offended, displeased.
• enorme, enormous, huge, mighty.
• enredado, —a, entangled, twisted, knotted, caught.
• enredar, to interfere;
  —se (sobre), to become concerned with, "turn" (upon).
• enrejado, —a, latticed, grated, barred.
• enriquecido, —a, enriched.
• enrojecer, to redden;
  —se, to grow red, burn red.
• enronquecido, —a, hoarse.
• ensanchar, to widen, enlarge, extend.
• ensenada, f., small bay, cove, harbor.
• enseres, m. pl., implements, household goods, chattels, utensils.
• ensordecer, to deafen.
• entablar, to begin, introduce, establish.
• entender, to understand, comprehend.
• entendimiento, m., understanding, discernment, intelligence, knowledge.
• enteramente, fully, completely, entirely; quite.
• enterarse (de), to find out, verify; inform or acquaint oneself.
• entero, —a, entire, complete, whole; strong, firm, steady;
  por ——, entirely, completely.
• entero, m., whole number.
• enterrar, to bury.
• entiende, etc., v. entender.
• entonces, then, at that time, por ——, id.
• entornar, to turn.
• entrada, f., entrance, door, gate; arrival, coming.
• entrambos, —as, both.
• entrañablemente, tenderly, sincerely.
• entrar (en), to enter, go in or through; take or bring in; begin, commence;
  —se, to enter, make one's way into;
  al —— el día, at dawn; —— en materia, to broach the subject.
• entre, between, among, in, in the midst of, amid.
• entregado, —a, in care of, in charge of.
• entregar, to give up, hand over, deliver; put in charge of;
  —se (a), to devote oneself, surrender.
• entretener, to delay, linger, stop.
• entretuvo, etc., v. entretener.
• entrevista, f., interview, meeting.
• enviar, to send, despatch.
• envidiar, to envy, covet, grudge.
• envidioso, —a, m. & f., covetous, envious person.
• envoltura, f., wrapping, covering.
• envolver, to envelop, wrap up, surround.
• envuelto, —a, p.p. envolver.
• epigrama, m., epigram, witticism.
• época, f., epoch, time, age.
• equivocación, f., mistake, blunder, misunderstanding.
• erguido, —a, erect; dauntless.
• erguirse, to draw oneself up, stand erect.
• erizado, —a, bristling.
• erizar, to set or make stand on end.
• erizo, m., sea-urchin.
• erudición, f., erudition, learning, knowledge.
• es, v. ser;
  —— que, the fact is.
• esbelto, —a, graceful, willowy, lithe, tall, well-shaped.
• escabeche, pickled fish.
• escalar, to scale, clamber on or up, mount;
  —— a pico, to climb straight up, outright.
• escalera, f., stair, steps.
• escalofrío, m., chill, shiver.
• escandalizar, to scandalize, raise a scandal, disturbance.
• escándalo, m., scandal, disturbance.
• escandaloso, —a, scandalous, disgraceful, shameful.
• escapar, to escape, get or run away;
  —se, to flee, make one's escape.
• escaramuzar, to skirmish, quarrel.
• escarpado, —a, rough, rugged, steep.
• escaso, —a, scanty, limited, scarce; defective.
• escena, f., scene; sight, incident.
• esclarecido, —a, illustrious, honorable, eminent.
• escoba, f., broom.
• escoger, to select, choose, pick out.
• escogitar, to meditate, find out, invent, devise.
• escoltado, —a, escorted, accompanied.
• escondido, —a, concealed, lurking.
• esconderse, to hide.
• escondite, m., hiding-place.
• escota, f., sheet, sheet-rope.
• escribano, m., clerk, notary.
• escrupulosamente, minutely, carefully.
• escrutador, —a, scrutinizing, searching, inquiring.
• escrutar, to scrutinize, scan, examine closely, search.
• escuadra, f., squadron; fleet.
• escuadrón, m., squadron, troop.
• escuchar, to listen (to), hear, hearken.
• escudo, m., escutcheon, shield, coat of arms.
• escuela, f., school.
• esforzadamente, strenuously, valiantly.
• esforzarse (en), to make an effort, exert oneself, endeavor.
• esfuerzo, m., effort, attempt, endeavor; spirit, courage.
• eso, neut., that;
  por ——, on that account.
• espacio, m., space, room, place; time, interval;
  en largo ——, for a long time.
• espalda, f., back, shoulders;
  a —s, p. 32, n. 2.
• espanto, m., terror, dismay, consternation, horror.
• espantoso, -a, frightful, horrible, dreadful.
• esparcir, to scatter, spread around; give forth.
• espasmo, spasm, thrill.
• especie, f., news, report, story.
• espectáculo, m., spectacle, show.
• espectador, —a, m. & f., spectator, onlooker, observer, witness.
• espejillo, m., little looking-glass, mirror.
• esperanza, f., hope, expectation.
• esperar, to hope, wait for, await, look for, expect;
  era de ——, was to be expected.
• espesar, to grow thick or close, become dense, deepen.
• espeso, —a, thick.
• espíritu, m., spirit, mind, heart.
• espiritualismo, m., spirituality, piety.
• esposa, f., wife.
• esposo, m., husband.
• espuma, f., foam, froth.
• estación, f., season; condition, situation.
• estado, m., state, stage, condition.
• estallar, to burst, explode, crack, break out into fury.
• estamento, m., estate;
  tercer ——, commons.
• estampa, f., print, cut, engraving.
• estancia, f., room.
• estante, shelf, stand, set of shelves.
• este, m., east, orient, levant.
• Esteban, m., Stephen.
• estimación, f., esteem, regard.
• estimar, to value, regard, esteem.
• estío, m., summer.
• estipendio, m., stipend, wages, pay, fee.
• estirón, m., pull, jerk, haul.
• estirpe, m., race, origin.
• estómago, m., stomach.
• estorbar, to disturb, annoy, hinder, be in the way.
• estorbo, m., hindrance, impediment.
• estrago, m., damage, ravage, havoc.
• estrechar, to press, clasp.
• estrecho, —a, narrow; tight, close.
• estrella, f., star.
• estrellado, —a, starry; clear.
• estremecerse, to tremble, shudder, shiver, quiver.
• estremecimiento, m., tremor, shiver, thrill.
• estrépito, m., noise, din, disturbance; crash.
• estriado, —a, striped, streaked.
• estridente, shrill, harsh, grating.
• estropeado, —a, ragged, tattered.
• estruendo, m., booming, thundering, roar, turmoil.
• estruendoso, —a, roaring, thundering, crashing.
• etc., etcétera, y así sigue, ——.
• Eugenio, m., Eugene.
• evento, m., event, occurrence; accident.
• evitar, to avoid, escape; spare save.
• exacto, —a, exact, faithful.
• exaltación, f., exaltation, excitement.
• exaltado, —a, hot, vehement, precipitate.
• exánime, weak, breathless, lifeless, spiritless.
• exasperado, —a, exasperated, enraged, offended.
• exceptuar, to except, exclude.
• exceso, m., excess, indulgence, luxury;
  con ——, excessively extremely.
• excitar, to excite, stir (up), arouse.
• exclamación, f., exclamation, remark.
• exclamar, to exclaim, cry out, burst forth.
• exclusivamente, exclusively, entirely, wholly.
• excomulgar, to excommunicate.
• excomunión, f., excommunication.
• excursión, f., ——, trip, journey.
• exento, —a, exempt, free.
• exhalar, to exhale, breathe or give forth, emit.
• exigir, (pers. indir. obj.), to urge, compel, exact, demand.
• exiguo, —a, spare, thin, small.
• existencia, f., existence, life.
• existir, to exist.
• éxito, m., result, issue.
• expansión, f., ——, relaxation, fellowship, intercourse.
• expeditamente, promptly, speedily.
• experiencia, f., experience, practice.
• experimentado, —a, experienced, expert.
• experimentar, to experience; prove, try, test.
• explicación, f., explanation.
• explicar, to explain.
• explorar, to explore, search, scrutinize.
• exponer, to exhibit, expose, disclose, bring forward.
• expósito, —a, exposed, abandoned, deserted;
  niño ——, foundling.
• expresión, f., expression, declaration, statement.
• exprofeso, on purpose.
• expuesto, —a (a), p.p. exponer, liable, exposed; in danger.
• exquisito, —a, exquisite, delightful, delicious.
• extático, —a, ecstatic, blissful.
• extender, to extend, prolong, put forth, stretch, spread.
• extendido, —a, spacious, extensive.
• extensión, f., expanse, extent, space.
• extraer, to extract, draw out.
• extrañar, to wonder, marvel;
  —se, to be surprised, astonished.
• extraño, —a, strange;
  lo ——, strangeness.
• extraordinario, —a, extraordinary, remarkable, strange.
• extraviado, —a, out-of-the-way, unfrequented, remote.
• extravío, m., extravagance, exaggeration, aberration.
• extrayendo, etc., v. extraer.
• extremadamente, exceedingly, extremely.
• extremado, —a, extreme, intense.
• extremamente, extremely.
• F
• fábrica, f., factory.
• fabricante, m., manufacturer.
• facción, f., feature.
• fácil, easy, light; likely, probable.
• fácilmente, easily.
• facultad, f., power, right, authority; capacity, ability, knack.
• faena, f., work, task, toil.
• faja, f., belt, sash, girdle; band, border.
• falsete, m., falsetto.
• falso, —a, false, insincere, deceitful, hypocritical; insecure.
• falta, f., fault, shortcoming, offense, lack, absence, want;
  sin ——, without fail;
  hacer —— (pers. indir. obj.), to need, lack.
• faltar (a), to need, lack, be in want of; fail, fall short of, be wanting in; be absent, missing or lacking, (obj. in Eng. becomes subj. in Sp.; subj. in Eng. becomes indir. obj.).
• fama, f., fame, reputation, name.
• familia, f., family.
• fanega, f., measure of grain (1.60 bu.); v. p. 25, n. 3.
• fantasía, f., fancy, imagination.
• fantasma, m., phantom, spectre.
• fantástico, —a, fantastic, fanciful, whimsical.
• faramalla, f., trick.
• fardo, m., load, burden.
• farol, m., lantern, light.
• farolillo, m., dim. farol.
• fatal, ——, ominous.
• fatigoso, —a, tiresome, fatiguing, wearisome, troublesome, painful, exhausting.
• fauces, f. pl., gullet.
• favor, m., ——, kindness, aid.
• favorable, ——, propitious, pleasant.
• favorecer, to favor, help, befriend, protect.
• faz, f., face.
• fe, f., faith, belief.
• febrero, m., February.
• Federico, m., Frederic.
• felicidad, f., felicity, happiness.
• feliz, happy, prosperous, fortunate, successful.
• femenino, —a, feminine.
• fenecer, to die away, come to an end; finish, conclude.
• feo, —a, ugly, homely, hideous; grim, threatening.
• feraz, fertile, fruitful.
• Fernando, m., Ferdinand.
• ferocidad, f., fierceness, fury, savageness.
• feroz, cruel, fierce, pitiless, remorseless.
• festivo, —a, festive, gay, jolly.
• feudal, ——, lordly, aristocratic.
• feudatario, —a, m. & f., vassal.
• fiar (de or en), to trust, confide in, give credit.
• ficticio, —a, fictitious, artificial, false, unnatural.
• fiel, faithful, devoted, loyal; accurate, exact.
• fielmente, honestly; exactly, accurately.
• fiera, f., wild beast; fury.
• fiero, —a, fierce, terrible.
• fiesta, f., feast, celebration, commemoration.
• figura, f., figure, form, shape; face.
• figurar, to figure;
  —se, to fancy, imagine.
• figurilla, f., insignificant little figure.
• fijamente, fixedly, steadfastly, intently.
• fijar, to fasten, fix;
  —se (en), to observe, notice.
• fijo, —a, fixed, certain, settled;
  a punto ——, exactly.
• filtrar, to filter.
• fin, m. & f., end, conclusion; object, purpose;
  a —— de (que), so as to, so that, in order to;
  al ——, at last;
  con el —— de que, to the end that, with the purpose that;
  en ——, in short, finally;
  por ——, at last, finally.
• finalmente, finally, at last.
• fingir, to feign, pretend, sham.
• fino, —a, fine, thin, delicate; good, nice, refined.
• firma, f., signature.
• firmamento, m., firmament, sky, heavens.
• firmar, to sign.
• firme, firm, steady, resolute;
  de ——, hard.
• firmeza, f., firmness, fixedness, certainty.
• flaco, —a, thin, lean, meagre; frail, feeble.
• flaqueza, f., weakness, frailty.
• flor, f., flower, blossom, bloom.
• florentino, —a, Florentine.
• florido, —a, flowery, elegant.
• flotar, to float.
• flote, a ——, afloat.
• flujo, m., flow;
  —— de risa, burst or fit of laughter.
• fogoso, —a, fiery, hot, impetuous.
• folio, m., leaf.
• follaje, m., foliage, leafage.
• fomentar, to encourage, promote, excite.
• fondo, m., bottom, depth; background; pl., funds;
  necesitado de ——, "hard up."
• forastero, m., stranger.
• forjar, to form, invent, fabricate.
• forma, f., form, figure, shape;
  —— verbal, utterance.
• formalmente, formally, seriously.
• formar, to form, make up;
  —— intención de, to resolve.
• formidable, ——, dreadful, very great, very difficult.
• fortaleza, f., force, strength, vigor; fortitude, endurance.
• fortúito, —a, fortuitous, accidental.
• fortuna, f., fortune, fate; luck, success;
  por ——, luckily, fortunately.
• forzoso, —a, necessary, indispensable, requisite.
• fotografía, f., picture, photograph.
• fragata, f., frigate.
• fragor, m., noise, clamor, uproar, crash.
• Francisco, m., Francis.
• franja, f., fringe, border.
• franqueza, f., frankness, freedom, sincerity;
  con ——, candidly.
• frase, f., phrase, sentence, remark.
• frecuentar, to frequent.
• frecuente, frequent, usual, common.
• freír, to fry.
• frenéticamente, wildly, frantically, madly.
• frente, f., forehead, brow; m., countenance, face, front.
• frente, adv., opposite, in front;
  —— a, in front of, facing, before;
  —— a ——, face to face.
• fresco, —a, fresh, cool, refreshing; ruddy, rosy.
• fresco, m., coolness, refreshing air.
• frescura, f., freshness, coolness.
• frío, —a, cold, chill; heartless, unsympathetic.
• frío, m., cold.
• frondoso, —a, leafy, luxuriant.
• fruncido, —a, ruffled, furrowed, wrinkled; frowning, cross.
• fruncirse, to curl, be ruffled.
• fruta, f., fruit.
• fuego, m., fire, blaze;
  dar ——, to light, set fire to.
• fuente, f., spring, fountain.
• fuera, out, outside.
• fuerte, strong, stout, vigorous; healthy, hale.
• fuertemente, forcibly, fast, firmly; violently, intensely, excessively.
• fuerza, f., firmness, strength, force, resolution, courage, energy;
  a —— de, by dint of;
  con ——, forcibly.
• Fulano, —a, So-and-So.
• fulgor, m., light, radiance, splendor, effulgence.
• función, f., entertainment, play.
• funcionar, to operate, work, toil.
• funcionario, m., functionary, public official.
• fundar, to found, erect, establish; base, ground.
• fundado, —a, reasonable, well-founded.
• furia, f., rage, fury.
• furioso, —a, furious, mad, frantic, violent.
• furor, m., fury, frenzy, rage, anger.
• furtivamente, stealthily, furtively.
• G
• gafas, f. pl., spectacles.
• galante, courtly, attentive.
• galantería, f., gallantry, courtesy, elegance.
• galeote, m., galley-slave.
• gallardo, —a, gallant, brave; dashing, elegant.
• gallina, f., hen.
• gallinero, m., poultry-yard, hen-house.
• gamo, m., buck.
• gana, f., desire, inclination, willingness, mind; hunger, appetite;
  de buena —— or con —s, willingly;
  tener —s de, to have a mind to.
• ganancia, f., earning, profit.
• ganar, to gain, earn, make.
• garganta, f., throat, gorge.
• gasa, f., gauze, netting.
• Gaspar, m., Jasper.
• gastar, to spend; use, wear, wear out;
  —se, to spend.
• gato, m., cat.
• gaviota, f., sea-gull.
• gemido, m., sigh, moan, groan.
• general, m., ——, usual, common.
• generalmente, generally.
• genérico, —a, generic, comprehensive.
• generoso, —a, generous, liberal, open-handed; unselfish.
• genio, m., temperament, disposition, nature.
• gente, f., people.
• gentil, pretty, nice, refined, charming.
• gesto, m., gesture.
• girar, to turn.
• globo, m., globe, earth.
• glorioso, —a, glorious, exalted, honorable.
• glosa, f., comment, explanation.
• gobernar, to steer.
• gobierno, m., government.
• goce, m., joy, pleasure; diversion, entertainment.
• golosina, f., dainty; pl., sweetmeats, bonbons.
• golpe, m., blow, shock; slam (of a door); group, crowd;
  —— de mar, surge, heavy sea;
  de ——, all at once, at a blow.
• gordo, —a, fat, stout, plump.
• gorra, f., cap.
• gorrón, m., parasite, hanger-on.
• gota, f., drop.
• goterón, m., big, heavy (rain)drop.
• gozar (con or de), to enjoy;
  —se (en), to rejoice (in).
• gozo, m., pleasure, joy, satisfaction.
• gozoso, —a, cheerful, joyous, blissful.
• gracias, f. pl., thanks.
• gracioso, —a, graceful, attractive; gracious, kind; funny, comical.
• grado, m., will, willingness;
  de buen ——, willingly.
• grado, m., grade, degree;
  en —— sumo, exceedingly, excessively.
• gran, grande, large, big; great, grand, eminent.
• grandemente, greatly, extremely.
• granizada, f., hailstorm, hail.
• grasa, f., grease.
• grasiento, —a, greasy, soiled.
• grato, —a, pleasant, agreeable.
• grave, ——, serious, solemn.
• gravedad, f., gravity, seriousness, soberness.
• gravemente, gravely, soberly.
• gremio, m., guild, corporation.
• griego, —a, Greek.
• grieta, f., groove, crevice, cranny.
• gris, gray.
• grita, f., shouting, clamor, outcry, uproar.
• gritar, to shout, shriek, call, cry.
• grito, m., shout, scream, cry;
  a —s, loudly, noisily, clamorously.
• grosería, f., discourtesy, rudeness, impertinence.
• grosero, —a, rude, rough; coarse, indelicate.
• grotesco, —a, grotesque, ridiculous, absurd.
• grueso, —a, great, big, rough, heavy.
• gruñendo, etc., v. gruñir.
• gruñir, to grumble, growl.
• grupo, m., group.
• guapo, —a, handsome, good-looking, comely.
• guardar, to guard, keep, put away; protect, watch over, take care of; maintain; retain;
  —— semejanza con, to resemble;
  —— silencio, to be silent.
• guardia, f., guard, soldier; policeman; watch.
• guerra, f., war.
• guerrero, m., warrior, soldier.
• guiar, to guide, lead, direct.
• guijo, m., small pebble, gravel.
• guiñar, to wink.
• guiño, m., wink.
• guisa, f., guise, manner;
  a —— de, by way of, like.
• guisar, to cook, prepare.
• gules, m. pl., gules, red (in heraldry).
• gustar (pers. indir. obj.), to please, be agreeable or pleasing to;
  —— (de), to like, enjoy, be fond of.
• gusto, m., taste, liking, pleasure, gratification.
• gustoso, —a, willing(ly), readi(ly), cheerful(ly), contented(ly).
• H
• Habana (la), Havana.
• haber, as aux., to have; impers., (there) to be;
  hay, there is, there are;
  había, there was, there were;
  hubo, id., etc.;
  —— + de + inf., to have to, expressive of futurity or mild obligation;
  lo que has de hacer, what you are to do;
  hay que, it is necessary, one must;
  lo que hay es, the fact is;
  no había más que, one had only...
• hábil, handy, apt, clever.
• habilidad, f., skill, dexterity, cleverness, expertness, cunning.
• habitación, f., room, apartment.
• habitante, m., inhabitant, resident, dweller.
• habitar (en), to inhabit, live or dwell in.
• habituado, —a, (a), accustomed.
• hablar, to talk, speak.
• hacendoso, —a, industrious, diligent.
• hacer, to make, do, cause; form, compose; take (a trip, journey, an oath);
  —se, to become; impers. (of weather), be;
  ——... años, years ago;
  ——... tiempo, time ago or since;
  —— rato, a while ago;
  no hacía poco tiempo, for a long time, long since;
  —— + Inf., have something done;
  —— caso, to mind, notice;
  —se cargo (de), to realize;
  —— falta, v. falta;
  —— el favor de (in dir. address), please;
  —— la guardia, to be on duty, watch;
  —— las paces, to make peace.
• hacia, towards, in the direction of, near;
  —— adelante, forward.
• hacienda, f., property.
• haga, etc., v. hacer.
• halagar, to flatter, cajole, allure.
• halagüeño, —a, flattering, attractive, alluring, endearing.
• hallar, to find, come across, meet; discover;
  —se, to be; v. p. 59, n. 2.
• hambre, f., hunger, appetite; scarcity, famine, want.
• hambriento, —a, hungry, ravening, starved.
• harás, etc., v. hacer.
• harto, sufficiently, quite, enough.
• hasta, up to, as far as, till, until, to the point of;
  —— que, until;
  —— ahora, until now, hitherto; adv., even.
• haz, f., face, surface.
• haz, imper. hacer.
• he aquí, behold! lo!
• hechicería, f., enchantment, witchcraft.
• hecho, —a, p.p. hacer.
• hecho, m., act, fact, event.
• hembra, f., woman, lady.
• heráldica, f., heraldry.
• heraldo, m., herald, harbinger.
• heredar, to inherit.
• herencia, f., inheritance.
• herida, f., wound, injury, affliction.
• herir, to wound, stab, hurt, touch.
• hermana, f., sister.
• hermanita, f., dim., hermana.
• hermano, m., brother.
• Hermenegildo, m., Hermenegild.
• hermosa, f., beauty, belle.
• hermoso, —a, handsome, beautiful, comely.
• heroísmo, m., heroism;
  con ——, heroically, bravely.
• hice, etc., v. hacer.
• hidalgo, m., nobleman; adj., noble, illustrious.
• hierba, f., grass, weed.
• hierbecita, dim. hierba.
• hierro, m., iron; poker.
• higo, m., fig.
• hija, f., child, daughter.
• hijo, m., son; pl., children.
• hilo, m., thread, line.
• hinchado, —a, swollen, puffed up, puffy, fluffy.
• hinchar, to swell, fill, puff up;
  —se, to grow arrogant, over-bearing, be puffed up with pride.
• hipocresía, hypocrisy, falseness.
• hipótesis, f., hypothesis, supposition.
• hirió, etc., v. herir.
• hirviente, boiling, seething, raging.
• historia, f., history, story, tale.
• histórico, —a, historical.
• hizo, etc., v. hacer.
• hogar, m., hearth, fire-place.
• hogaza, f., large loaf.
• hoguera, f., blaze, bonfire; stake.
• hoja, f., leaf.
• ¡hola! hallo!
• holganza, f., laziness, idleness; inactivity, leisure, ease.
• hombre, m., man.
• hombro, m., shoulder.
• homenaje, m., homage, respect.
• hondamente, profoundly, deeply.
• hondo, —a, deep, profound.
• hora, f., hour, time, season;
  ——de cenar, supper-time;
  —— de comer, dinner-time;
  a la media ——, within half an hour; v. p. 42, n. 2.
• horca, f., gallows.
• horizonte, m., horizon.
• horno, m., oven, furnace.
• horrorizar, to horrify, terrify.
• hosco, —a, sullen, sulky, gloomy.
• hospedaje, m., lodging.
• hospitalario, —a, hospitable.
• hostigado, —a, driven, harassed, galled.
• hoy, to-day, now, at present;
  ——mismo, this very day.
• hoz, f., sickle, reaping-hook.
• hueco, —a, hollow, muffled, empty.
• hueco, m., hollow, hole, gap.
• huela, etc., v. oler.
• huérfano, —a, m. & f., orphan.
• huerta, f., (large) orchard, vegetable garden.
• huerto, m., (small) orchard, kitchen-garden.
• hueso, m., bone.
• huevo, m., egg.
• huir, to flee, escape; avoid.
• humilde, humble, meek, modest, unassuming.
• humildemente, humbly, meekly, submissively.
• humillación, f., humiliation.
• humillante, humiliating, mortifying.
• humillarse, to humble or lower oneself.
• humo, m., smoke.
• humor, m., disposition, mood;
  seguir el ——, to indulge or respect (one's) mood.
• humorado, —a, humored, disposed;
  mal ——, in a bad humor, ill-disposed, peevish.
• hundido, —a, sunken, deep-set.
• hundir, to sink, bury;
  —se, to sink.
• huracán, m., hurricane, gale.
• huracanado, —a, in a hurricane, tempestuous(ly), furious(ly).
• huyen, etc., v. huir.
• huyendo, etc., v. huir.
• I
• iba, etc., v. ir.
• ida, f., going, departure.
• ídolo, m., idol.
• iglesia, f., church.
• ignorante, unlearned, stupid.
• igual, equal, same, alike.
• igualmente, equally; alike, likewise, also.
• ijar, m., side.
• ileso, —a, unharmed, free, safe and sound.
• iluminar, to illuminate;
  —se, to light up, color.
• ilustre, illustrious, noble, glorious.
• imagen, f., image, figure, statue.
• imaginación, f., imagination, fancy, mind.
• imaginar, to imagine, fancy; conceive, scheme.
• imán, m., magnet; attraction, charm.
• impaciencia, f., impatience, restlessness, eagerness.
• impaciente, impatient, restless.
• impasible, quiet(ly), impassive(ly), indifferent(ly).
• impedir, to hinder, prevent.
• imperativo, —a, imperative, imperious, authoritative, commanding.
• imperio, m., imperiousness, authority.
• impertinente, meddlesome, impertinent, intrusive; peevish, querulous.
• ímpetu, m., force, violence, impetuosity.
• impetuoso, —a, impetuous, impulsive, violent, passionate.
• impide, etc., v. impedir.
• imponente, imposing, impressive.
• imponer, to impose, enjoin.
• importancia, f., importance, weight, significance.
• importante, important, famous, celebrated.
• importar, to be important, matter.
• imposibilidad, f., impossibility, impracticability.
• imposible, impossible, unfeasible, very difficult.
• impotente, powerless, helpless, unable.
• impresión, f., impression, effect.
• impresionable, impressionable, sensitive.
• impresionar, to impress, affect.
• imprevisión, f., improvidence, lack of foresight, negligence.
• improviso, de ——, suddenly, unexpectedly.
• imprudente, imprudent, indiscreet.
• impulsar, to move, impel, drive.
• inadvertencia, f., accident, carelessness, inattention, over-sight.
• incesante, incessant, constant, unceasing.
• incidente, m., incident, occurrence, circumstance.
• inclemencia, f., harshness, severity, rigor.
• inclinación, f., inclination, bent; preference, liking, fondness.
• inclinado, —a, inclined, disposed, minded.
• inclinar, to incline, bow;
  —se (de), to bend over, lean over.
• incomodar, to incommode, put out, inconvenience.
• incomparablemente, incomparably.
• incompleto, —a, incomplete, imperfect, defective.
• increíble, incredible, astonishing.
• increpar, to scold, chide, reproach.
• indagación, f., inquiry, investigation.
• indagar, to investigate, search out, trace.
• indecible, inexpressible, unspeakable, indescribable.
• indeciso, —a, undecided, unsettled, variable, changeable.
• indecoroso, —a, unbecoming, improper.
• independencia, f., independence, freedom.
• indescriptible, indescribable.
• indicado, —a, indicated, fixed, set.
• indicar, to indicate, show, suggest, point out.
• indiferencia, f., unconcern.
• indiferente, indifferent, unconcerned.
• indignación, f., indignation, resentment, rage.
• indignado, —a, indignant, wrathful.
• indignarse, to become angry, indignant.
• indigno, —a, mean, unworthy, despicable, unbecoming.
• indispensable, ——, necessary, usual.
• inducir, to influence, persuade, lead.
• indujo, etc., v. inducir.
• inesperadamente, suddenly, unexpectedly.
• infame, despicable, infamous, wicked, vile.
• infancia, f., infancy.
• infantería, f., infantry.
• infantil, infantile, childish.
• infeliz, unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy, wretched.
• infierno, m., hell.
• infinito, —a, infinite, boundless, immense; numberless.
• infinito, m., infinity, boundless tract or waste, immensity.
• inflexión, f., inflection, modulation.
• infligir, to inflict, impose.
• influjo, m., influence, power.
• infortunio, m., misfortune, ill-luck, calamity.
• infructuoso, —a, fruitless, vain, unsuccessful.
• infundir, (pers. indir. obj.), to imbue, infuse; inspire with.
• ingenio, m., mental faculties, temperament, mind.
• ingreso, m., entrance, entry.
• inhabitable, uninhabitable.
• iniciar(se), to begin, commence.
• injuria, f., injury, insult.
• injuriar, to injure, offend, insult.
• injurioso, —a, insulting, offensive, abusive.
• injusticia, f., injustice, unfairness, wrong.
• injustificado, —a, unjustifiable, unjust.
• inmediatamente, immediately, forthwith.
• inmediato, —a, immediate, near, adjoining.
• inmenso, —a, immense, unbounded, infinite.
• inminente, impending, near.
• inmóvil, immovable, motionless, quiet.
• inmundicia, f., filth, dirt, garbage.
• inmutable, unchangeable, immutable.
• inmutarse, to change countenance.
• inocencia, f., innocence, simplicity.
• inocente, innocent, simple, guileless.
• inocente, m. & f., fool, dunce simpleton.
• inofensivo, —a, inoffensive, mild.
• inopinadamente, unexpectedly.
• inquietar, to disturb, trouble, worry, molest, harass, fret.
• inquieto, —a, restless, uneasy, anxious.
• inquietud, f., restlessness, uneasiness, agitation.
• Inquisición, f., Inquisition.
• inquisitorial, inquisitive, questioning, prying.
• inseguro, —a, uncertain, insecure, unsteady;
  lo ——, the uncertainty, tremor (of the voice).
• insensible, ——, unconscious; unimpressed, indifferent.
• insinuar, (pers. indir. obj.), to insinuate, suggest, hint.
• insistir, to insist, persist.
• insolente, insolent, impertinent, bold.
• inspiración, f., inspiration.
• inspirar, to inspire, affect (with), cause, rouse, excite.
• instancia, f., urgency, earnestness;
  con ——, earnestly, insistently.
• instante, m., moment, instant;
  al ——, instantly, immediately;
  a los pocos —s, in a few moments.
• instar, to urge, press.
• instinto, m., instinct.
• instrumento, m., instrument, implement, tool, utensil;
  —s de pesca, fishing-tackle.
• insultar, to insult.
• insulto, m., insult, insolence, affront.
• integral, integral, necessary.
• integridad, f., integrity, wholeness, safety.
• inteligencia, f., intelligence, understanding, sense.
• intemperie, f., bad, rough weather; exposure.
• intención, f., intention, purpose, plan;
  formar ——, to resolve.
• intencional, designed, intentional.
• intentar, to attempt, try, undertake.
• interés, m., interest, profit, concern; pl., money affairs, business matters.
• interesado, —a, interested, concerned, solicitous; n., interested person.
• interjección, f., exclamation.
• interlocutor, m., ——, speaker.
• interrogar, to question, inquire of.
• interrumpido, —a, interrupted, intermittent, broken.
• interrumpir, to interrupt, cut off, discontinue.
• intervalo, m., interval.
• intervenir, to come in, take part in, share.
• intrigante, intriguing, cunning, crafty, underhanded; n., intriguer, schemer.
• introducir, to introduce, usher;
  —se, to get or go into.
• introdujo, etc., v. introducir.
• inundar, to flood, fill.
• inusitado, —a, unusual, unseasonable, extraordinary.
• inútil, useless, idle, fruitless.
• inutilizar, to make or render useless, disable.
• inútilmente, uselessly, in vain.
• invadido, —a, encroached upon, invaded, covered.
• invencible, invincible, unconquerable, insuperable.
• invertir, to invest, employ, lay out, spend.
• investigar, to investigate, examine.
• invierno, m., winter.
• invitar, to invite, bid, ask.
• ir, to go, walk; continue, proceed, be;
  —se, to go away, go off, depart; —— + gerund, to keep on, continue, grow, become, begin to;
  —(se) a pique, to go down, founder.
• ira, f., anger, fury, rage, wrath, indignation.
• iracundo, —a, wrathful, furious.
• irguió, etc., v. erguir.
• irónico, —a, ironical.
• irracional, irrational, unreasonable.
• irradiar, to irradiate, shed.
• irritado, —a, irritated, irate, angry, vexed.
• Isabel, Isabel(la), Elizabeth.
• izar, to hoist, haul up.
• izquierdo, —a, left.
• J
• jabón, m., soap.
• jadeante, breathless, panting.
• jamás, never; ever.
• jamón, m., ham.
• Joaquín, m., Joachim.
• jocoso, —a, jocose, facetious, comical.
• jolgorio, m., festivity, merry-making.
• José, m., Joseph.
• joven, young, youthful.
• joven, m. & f., young man, youth; young woman, girl.
• Juan, m., John.
• jueves, m., Thursday.
• juez, m., judge, justice.
• jugar, to play, frolic, romp;
  —— a, to play (game);
  —— papel principal, to play a principal or leading rôle.
• juicio, m., judgment; sense, mind;
  —— cabal, right senses.
• julio, m., July.
• junio, m., June.
• juntar, to join, connect;
  —se (con), to join, assemble, gather together (with).
• junto, —a, together.
• juramento, m., vow, oath, curse, imprecation.
• jurar, to swear, declare.
• justicia, f., justice, equity, right.
• justificado, —a, justifiable, right; upright, just.
• justificar, to justify, vindicate.
• justipreciar, to calculate, estimate.
• justo, —a, just, fair, right; honorable, upright.
• juzgado, m., court of justice, tribunal.
• juzgar, to judge, hold, consider.
• L
• labio, m., lip.
• labrado, —a, worked, cultivated; worn, roughened; carved, formed; produced, wrought.
• labrador, m., farmer, peasant.
• labrar, to devise, construct, work, till; inform, instruct, mould, develop; seam, furrow.
• ladearse, to lean, tip, sway, turn on the side.
• lado, m., side, margin, edge;
  al —— de, beside.
• ladrón, —a, m. & f., thief, robber.
• lagartija, f., newt, lizard.
• lago, m., lake.
• lágrima, f., tear.
• lamentarse, to lament, mourn, wail, cry.
• lamento, m., lament, cry, wail.
• lámpara, f., lamp.
• lana, f., wool.
• lance, m., occurrence, accident; crisis, emergency; contingency.
• lancha, f., launch, fishing-smack.
• lanzar, to hurl, fling, let loose; dart; give forth, burst into;
  —se, to rush.
• lapa, f., shell-fish, barnacle.
• largar, to let out, loosen, let go, set free, ease.
• largo, —a, long, lengthy, extended, continuous;
  a lo —— de, along.
• lástima, f., pity, sympathy, compassion.
• lastimero, —a, sad, mournful; commiserating, pitying.
• lastimoso, —a, pitiful, pathetic.
• lastre, m., ballast, weight.
• latigazo, m., lashing.
• latinidad, f., Latinity, Latin.
• lavar, to wash, scrub.
• lazo, m., bond, knot; snare, trap.
• lealtad, f., loyalty, honor.
• lección, f., lesson.
• lector, m., reader.
• lectura, f., reading.
• leche, f., milk;
  mamar la misma ——, to have the same rearing, be bred alike.
• lechoso, —a, milky.
• leer, to read, proclaim.
• legión, f., ——, multitude.
• legítimo, —a, legitimate, lawful.
• legua, f., league.
• legumbre, f., vegetable.
• lejano, —a, distant, far off, remote.
• lejos, far, far away;
  a lo ——, in the distance;
  de ——, from a distance, far off.
• lengua, f., tongue.
• lenguaje, m., language, speech.
• lengüeta, f., fluke.
• lenitivo, —a, & n. m., lenitive; relief, alleviation.
• lentamente, slowly.
• lentitud, f., slowness, deliberation.
• lento, —a, slow, lingering.
• leña, f., wood.
• letargo, m., lethargy, drowsiness.
• letra, f., letter; v. p. 18, n. 7.
• levantado, —a, raised up.
• levantar, to raise, lift; erect; make (money); remove (pers. indir. obj.);
  —se, to get up, rise, stand up.
• Levante, m., east;
  parte de ——, id.
• leve, slight, light, faint, soft.
• levemente, slightly, lightly, gently, a little.
• levita, f., frock-coat.
• ley, f., law.
• leyese, etc., v. leer.
• libertado, —a, liberated, delivered, rescued.
• libra, f., pound.
• libre, free, open; independent; clear, unobstructed.
• libremente, freely, boldly, unhindered.
• libro, m., book.
• ligero, —a, light, slight; gay.
• limosna, f., alms, charity.
• limpiar, to clean, wipe.
• linaje, m., lineage, race, house.
• lince, m., lynx.
• lindo, —a, pretty, lovely.
• línea, f., line, boundary.
• linfático, —a, lymphatic, phlegmatic; flabby.
• lingote, m., ingot.
• liso, —a, even, smooth, flat.
• lisonjear, to flatter, please, delight, compliment.
• lisonjero, —a, flattering, complimentary.
• listo, —a, ready, active, clever.
• liviano, —a, slight, trifling.
• liza, f., lists, field.
• lóbrego, —a, gloomy, dismal, dreary.
• loco, —a, crazy, insane;
  volverse ——, go mad.
• loco, —a, m. & f., lunatic.
• locura, f., madness; folly, absurdity.
• lógica, f., logic.
• lograr, to gain, obtain, succeed.
• lona, f., canvas, sail.
• lucidez, f., lucidity, intelligence.
• lúcido, —a, lucid, clear; quick, keen, bright, brilliant.
• luciente, shining, gleaming, luminous.
• lucrarse, to profit, gain.
• lucha, f., struggle, contest, fight.
• luchar, to struggle, wrestle, battle.
• luego, soon, presently, later, immediately; then, therefore.
• luengo, —a, long.
• lugar, m., place, spot; small town, village; opportunity, chance, room;
  en —— de, instead of.
• lúgubre, mournful, gloomy, melancholy.
• luna, f., moon;
  de ——, moonlit.
• lunes, m., Monday.
• luz, f., light;
  a la —— del sol, by daylight.
• LL
• llamamiento, m., call.
• llamar, to call, summon, knock, rap;
  —se, to be named.
• llameante, flaming, blazing.
• llamear, to blaze, flame, flash.
• llano, —a, flat, level, even, plain.
• llanto, m., crying, weeping.
• llanura, f., level, plain; expanse, surface.
• llegada, f., arrival, coming.
• llegar (a), to arrive, reach, come, get to; amount or come to; approach, bring near to;
  —— a tocarse, to meet;
  al ——, at the arrival of, when... arrived;
  antes de —— con mucho, v. p. 13, n. 2;
  —se, to come on, up.
• llenar, to fill, stuff.
• lleno, —a, full, complete;
  de ——, fully.
• llevar, to carry, take, bear; conduct, manage; wear; experience (disappointment, annoyance), suffer; (w. pers. indir. obj.), take away from.
• llorar, to cry, weep; lament, mourn.
• lloroso, —a, tear-stained, mournful.
• lluvia, f., rain.
• lluvioso, —a, rainy, wet.
• M
• macizo, —a, firm, solid.
• madera, f., wood.
• madre, f., mother;
  ¡—— del Alma! Mary! Holy Mother!
• madrina, f., godmother.
• madrugada, f., early morning, dawn, break of day.
• madrugar, to rise very early.
• maestro, m., teacher, school-master.
• magisterio, m., school-teaching.
• magistral, masterly, consummate.
• magnético, —a, magnetic.
• magnitud, f., magnitude, size.
• majestad, f., majesty, dignity, stateliness.
• majestuosamente, grandly, magnificently, splendidly.
• majestuoso, —a, majestic, stately, lofty; solemn, impressive.
• mal, m., evil, misfortune; harm; adv., badly, sick, ill; dishonestly.
• maldad, f., mischief, evil, wickedness.
• maldecir, to curse.
• maldición, f., curse, imprecation.
• maldijo, etc., v. maldecir.
• maldito, —a, p.p. maldecir, cursed, confounded; wicked; damned.
• maledicencia, f., gossip, slander.
• malestar, uneasiness, discomfort.
• malevolencia, f., malevolence, ill-will, spite.
• maleza, f., underbrush, bramble.
• maliciosamente, maliciously, mischievously.
• maligno, —a, mischievous, malicious, spiteful.
• malo, —a, bad, evil, wicked; hard, difficult;
  ¡——! too bad! oh dear!
• malquerencia, f., animosity, malevolence, enmity, ill-will.
• maltratado, —a, abused, maltreated.
• maltrecho, —a, battered, in sorry plight.
• malvado, —a, wicked, fiendish.
• mamar, to suck;
  —— la misma leche, to have the same rearing or bringing up.
• manantial, m., spring, source, fountain.
• mancha, f., blot, spot, stain.
• mandar, to command, order; send.
• mando, m., command, control, charge.
• manejar, to manage, control, direct.
• manejo, m., management, direction; intrigue.
• manera, f., manner, method, way; form, style;
  a —— de, like, by way of.
• manga, f., sleeve.
• manguito, m., over-sleeve.
• manifestar, to manifest, declare, state, say; show, make evident; reveal, evince.
• maniobra, f., manœuvre.
• manjar, m., food, provisions.
• mano, f., hand;
  a —s, into the possession of;
  andar la ——, to have a hand in;
  de —s, from;
  tener entre —s, to have in hand.
• manoseado, —a, handled, worn, thumbed.
• manotear, to gesticulate.
• mantener, to maintain, support, sustain, wage; keep, nourish;
  —se, to keep oneself, be, live;
  —se firme, to stand one's ground.
• mantenga, etc., v. mantener.
• manto, m., mantle, cloak, robe; cover.
• mantuvo, etc., v. mantener.
• Manuel, m., Emmanuel.
• manzana, f., apple.
• mañana, f., morning, forenoon;
  adv., tomorrow;
  hasta ——, until tomorrow;
  por la ——, in the morning.
• maquinación, f., scheme, plot.
• mar, m. or f., sea;
  —— de fondo, deep swell.
• maragato, m., v. p. 15, n. 2.
• maravilla, f., wonder, marvel.
• marco, m., frame.
• marcha, f., march, progress, course.
• marchar, to march, go, go off, walk, run, proceed.
• marea, f., tide; catch.
• mareante, m., sailor, able seaman.
• marear, to nauseate, make seasick.
• marejada, f., swell, surf, surge.
• marfil, f., ivory.
• marido, m., husband.
• marinería, f., seamen, ships' crews.
• marinero, m., mariner, sailor, seaman.
• marino, m., seaman, sailor; pl., sea-faring folk.
• marítimo, —a, maritime, marine.
• marqués, m., marquis.
• mártir, m. & f., martyr, victim.
• mas, conj., but, yet.
• más, adv., more, besides, plus, further; most;
  —— allá, further on;
  —— bien, rather;
  —— de, more than (before numerals);
  —— que, but, except, rather than;
  no... más, no other; v. p. 19, n. 1; p. 24, n. 4;
  no... más que, no other... than; nothing or none but, only.
• masa, f., mass, crowd.
• mástil, m., mast.
• matar, to kill, slay.
• materia, f., matter, subject, topic;
  entrar en ——, to open, lead up to, a subject.
• material, ——, rude, matter-of-fact.
• matizado, —a, shaded, tinted, blended.
• matraca, f., ridicule, derision, scorn, sarcasm.
• matrimonio, m., matrimony, marriage.
• máxime, especially.
• máximo, —a, highest, extreme, intensest.
• mayor, larger, greater; older; main, principal; particular, especial; m. pl., ancestors, forefathers, superiors.
• mayorazgo, m., family estate (devolving on firstborn son by right of primogeniture).
• mayoría, f., majority, greater number.
• mecer, to rock, sway.
• mecido, —a, soothed, lulled.
• media, f., stocking.
• mediante, by means of; interceding;
  Dios ——, God willing.
• medicina, f., medicine, remedy.
• Médicis, Medici.
• médico, m., physician, doctor.
• medida, f., measure, proportion;
  a —— que, at the same time that, according as, in proportion as.
• medio, —a, half, middle;
  —— noche, midnight.
• medio, m., middle, a half; expedient, method, way, means;
  en —— de, in the midst of, midway between.
• medir, to measure, weigh, gage, judge.
• meditación, f., meditation, musing, reflection.
• meditar (en), to meditate, muse, wonder.
• medroso, —a, terrifying, fearful; afraid, terrified; faint-hearted, cowardly, timid.
• Méjico, Mexico.
• mejilla, f., cheek.
• mejor, better;
  por —— decir, rather.
• mejorar (de), to make better, improve.
• mejoría, f., betterment, improvement.
• melancolía, f., melancholy, sadness.
• melancólico, —a, melancholy, mournful, sad.
• melena, f., mane.
• melífluo, —a, honeyed.
• mención, f., mention, reference.
• menester, m., need, necessity;
  ser ——, to be necessary.
• mengano, m., So-and-So, Such-a-One.
• menos, less, not quite, least;
  por lo ——, at least; v. p. 64, n. 2.
• ménos, except.
• menoscabar, to lessen, diminish, impair.
• mentar, to mention, name.
• mente, f., mind.
• mentecato, —a, foolish, silly, crack-brained.
• mentir, to lie.
• mentira, f., falsehood, story, lie.
• menudear, to be repeated; grow (more) frequent, occur often(-er).
• menudo, —a, little, small, slender, slight;
  a ——, often, frequently, again and again.
• mercado, m., market.
• merced, f., thanks.
• Mercurio, m., Mercury.
• merecer, to merit, deserve.
• meridional, southern.
• mérito, m., merit, virtue, excellence.
• merluza, f., cod, hake.
• mermar, to diminish, reduce, consume, waste.
• mes, m., month.
• mesar, to tear (hair).
• meseta, f., plateau, table-land.
• metafísica, f., metaphysics.
• metamorfosear, to transform.
• meter, to put, place, thrust, stick, put in, bring in, inclose, shut in;
  —se, to put in, get in, put into (port); put on (clothes); shut oneself up; meddle.
• mezclar, to mix, mingle, unite;
  —se, to mix.
• miedo, m., fear, terror, fright, dread, apprehension;
  tener —— a, to be afraid of.
• miedoso, —a, fearful, timid, apprehensive.
• miembro, m., member.
• mientes, etc., v. mentir.
• mientras, while, whilst, when;
  —— que, while; v. p. 8, n. 9.
• miércoles, m., Wednesday.
• migaja, f., crumb, bit, fragment.
• mil, (one) thousand.
• milagro, m., miracle, wonder.
• milagroso, —a, miraculous, wonder-working.
• milla, f., mile.
• millón, m., million.
• mina, f., mine.
• mínimo, —a, slightest, least, smallest.
• ministro, m., minister, officer.
• mintiendo, etc., v. mentir.
• minuto, m., minute, moment;
  a los pocos —s, v. p. 36, n. 2.
• mirada, f., look, glance, gaze.
• mirar, mirar a, to look, look at, watch, observe.
• misa, f., mass.
• miserablemente, miserably, wretchedly.
• miseria, f., misery, wretchedness, want, poverty.
• misericordia, f., mercy, pity, compassion.
• mismo, —a, —os, —as, himself, herself, itself, yourself, etc.; same, self, very, own;
  lo ——, the same;
  lo —— que, just like, the same as, as well as, both... and.
• misterio, m., mystery, secret, secrecy.
• misterioso, —a, mysterious, dark, secret.
• mitigar, to mitigate, alleviate, soften, soothe.
• mixto, m., mixed number.
• mobiliario, m., furnishing, furniture.
• modesto, —a, modest, unassuming, unpretentious.
• modificar, to modify, alter, change.
• modo, m., manner, means, way, method, style;
  a —— de, like, by way of;
  de mal ——, inconveniently, irregularly;
  de ningún ——, under no circumstances;
  de todos —s, anyway, in any case.
• mofarse (de), to mock, make fun of, ridicule.
• mohino, —a, sulky, peevish, cross.
• mojar, to moisten, wet, drench;
  —se, to get wet.
• mojicón, m., blow, slap, box on the ear.
• molestar, to trouble, bother, disturb, inconvenience;
  —se (en), to trouble oneself (about).
• momentáneo, —a, momentary, brief.
• momento, m., moment, instant;
  por —s, every moment;
  por el ——, at the time.
• moneda, f., money, coin.
• monosílabo, m., monosyllable.
• monótono, —a, monotonous, dull, wearisome.
• montaña, f., mountain, mountains.
• montar, to mount, climb, get on top of.
• monte, m., mountain, mount.
• montón, m., pile, heap, mass.
• morir, to die, perish; —se, to die, be dying.
• mortal, m., ——, human being, person.
• mortificar, to mortify, humiliate, vex.
• mosca, f., fly.
• mostrador, m., counter.
• mostrar, to show, exhibit, display; prove;
  —se, to appear, show or prove oneself, seem, be.
• motivo, m., motive, cause, reason.
• mover (a), to move, impel, induce, inspire.
• movilidad, f., mobility, sensitiveness.
• movimiento, m., movement, motion, action; gesture; impulse.
• mozo, —a, young, youthful.
• mozo, m., youth, lad.
• muchacha, f., girl.
• muchacho, m., boy, lad.
• muchedumbre, f., multitude, crowd, mob.
• mucho, —a, —os, —as, much, plenty, great; an abundance, many;
  antes... con mucho, v. p. 13, n. 2;
  lo ——, how much;
  ni —— menos, v. p. 64, n. 2;
  por —— que, however much, no matter how much, v. p. 24, n. 4.
• mudar, to change, vary, alter.
• mudo, —a, mute, dumb, silent.
• mueble, m., piece of furniture; pl. furniture.
• mueca, f., face, grimace.
• muelle, m., wharf, quay, pier.
• muere, etc., v. morir.
• muerte, f., death;
  dar ——, to kill.
• muerto, —a, p.p. morir.
• muestre, etc., v. mostrar.
• mueve, etc., v. mover.
• muil, m., mullet.
• mujer, f., woman, wife.
• mujeruca, f., v. p. 14, n. 1.
• múltiple, numerous, manifold.
• mundo, m., world, earth, globe;
  todo el ——, everybody.
• muralla, f., wall, rampart.
• murciélago, m., bat.
• murió, etc., v. morir.
• murmullo, m., murmur, whisper, ripple.
• murmuración, f., dissatisfaction, complaint, discontent; talk, gossip, slander.
• murmurar (de), to murmur, whisper; mutter, grumble, complain; ripple, rustle.
• mutuamente, mutually.
• mutuo, —a, reciprocal, mutual.
• muy, very, greatly, most;
  —— más, much more.
• N
• N, norte, v. nordeste.
• nácar, m., mother of pearl.
• nacer, to be born, spring.
• nada, nothing, anything; adv., not, not at all, by no means.
• naranja, f., orange.
• nariz, f., nose, nostril.
• narrar, to narrate, relate, tell.
• natal, native.
• nativo, —a, native, natural.
• natural, ——, usual, ordinary.
• natural, m., native; nature, disposition, temper.
• naturaleza, f., nature.
• náufrago, —a, m. & f., shipwrecked person.
• nauseabundo, —a, nauseating, sickening, disgusting.
• navaja, f., razor, knife.
• navegar, to navigate, sail.
• necesario, —a, necessary, needful.
• necesidad, f., necessity, want, need.
• necesitado, —a, poor, needy, in need; obliged, compelled;
  —— de fondos, "hard up."
• necesitar (de), to need, lack, want; constrain, compel; be obliged to, must.
• negación, f., denial.
• negar, to deny;
  —se (a), to decline, refuse.
• negocio, m., business, affair.
• negro, —a, black, dark; gloomy, dismal.
• negrura, f., blackness.
• nervioso, —a, nervous, strong, vigorous.
• ni, nor, neither; not, even, not even;
  ni... ni, neither... nor.
• Nicolás, m., Nicholas.
• niegues, etc., v. negar.
• nieto, m., grandchild, grandson.
• ningún, —o, —a, —os, —as, none, not any, not one; nobody;
  de —— modo, under no circumstances.
• niña, f., (little) girl;
  desde —s, from childhood.
• niñez, f., infancy, childhood.
• niño, m., child, boy, youngster, lad; pl. m., children.
• no, ——, not.
• nobiliario, —a, nobiliary, aristocratic.
• noble, ——, generous.
• noblemente, nobly, magnanimously.
• nobleza, f., nobility, gentility.
• noción, f., notion, idea, conception.
• noche, f., night;
  al cerrar la ——, at nightfall;
  buenas —s, good-night, good-evening;
  de ——, at night;
  media ——, midnight;
  por la ——, at night.
• nodriza, f., nurse.
• nombre, f., name.
• nordeste, N. E., m., northeast.
• noroeste, m., northwest.
• notable, noticeable, conspicuous, important.
• notablemente, remarkably, exceedingly, noticeably.
• notar, to notice, note, observe, mark.
• noticia, f., news, tidings; notice, information, knowledge;
  tener ——, to hear about.
• noticiar, to inform, notify, communicate.
• noticioso, —a, informed, made aware.
• notificar, to notify, announce, inform.
• novela, f., novel, romance, story, tale.
• novia, f., sweetheart, betrothed.
• noviembre, November.
• novio, m., sweetheart, (affianced) lover, suitor;
  de ——, as a lover, courting, wooing.
• nubarrón, m., heavy, threatening cloud.
• nube, f., cloud.
• nueva, f., tidings, news.
• nuevamente, again, once more, afresh, newly, recently.
• nueve, nine.
• nuevo, —a, new, fresh;
  de ——, anew, once more, afresh;
  ¿Qué hay de ——? What news?
• número, m., number;
  sin ——, numberless, innumerable.
• nunca, never, at no time; ever;
  como ——, as never before.
• O
• O, or;
  O... O, either... or.
• obedecer (a), to obey.
• obediencia, f., obedience, submission.
• obispo, m., bishop.
• objetar, to object, oppose.
• objeto, m., object, purpose, design, aim.
• obligación, f., obligation, duty.
• obligar (a), to oblige, compel, constrain.
• obra, f., work, toil; volume; v. p. 11, n. 5.
• obrar, to work, act; perform.
• observación, f., observation, remark.
• observar, to observe, notice, watch, examine, scrutinize; follow, lead (a life).
• obstáculo, m., obstacle, impediment, difficulty.
• obstante, no ——, notwithstanding.
• obtener, to obtain, procure.
• obtienen, etc., v. obtener.
• ocasión, f., occasion, opportunity, chance.
• ocasionar, to occasion, cause, produce.
• océano, m., ocean.
• octubre, m., October.
• ocultar, to hide, conceal, secrete.
• oculto, —a, hidden, concealed.
• ocupación, f., occupation, employment, business.
• ocupar, to occupy, fill;
  —se (en), to busy or employ oneself in; engage in, attend to.
• ocurrir, to occur, take place, happen; strike;
  —se, to occur.
• ochenta, eighty.
• ocho, eight;
  —— días, a week.
• odiar, to hate, detest.
• odio, m., hatred, ill-will, animosity.
• oeste, m., west.
• ofender, to offend, hurt, insult, annoy;
  —se, to be provoked, take offense.
• ofendido, —a, displeased, angry; injured.
• oferta, f., offer, promise.
• oficiar, to officiate, celebrate (mass).
• oficio, m., employment, work, occupation, trade; service, office, mass.
• ofrecer, to offer, promise, present, exhibit, show;
  —se, to offer, occur, present itself.
• ofrenda, f., offering, gift.
• ofuscar, to darken, obscure, confuse.
• oído, m.; hearing, ear;
  al ——, in the ear of.
• oiga, etc. v. oír;
  ¡——! see here!
• oír, to hear, listen.
• ojalá, may God grant! would that!
• ojeada, f., glance, look.
• ojeriza, f., grudge, spite, aversion.
• ojo, m., eye;
  con buenos —s, favorably, with interest;
  —s de lince, sharp, keen, observant eyes.
• ola, f., wave, breaker, billow.
• oleada, f., great wave, surge.
• oler, to smell, scent.
• olímpico, —a, Olympic.
• olor, m., odor, smell, scent, stench.
• olvidarse (de), to forget.
• olvido, m., oblivion, forgetfulness.
• ominoso, —a, ominous, unfortunate.
• omnipotente, omnipotent, almighty.
• once, eleven.
• operación, f., operation, process, act.
• operarse, to operate; be occasioned, ensue.
• opinión, f., ——, judgment, idea; reputation.
• oponer, to oppose;
  —se (a), to make objection, set oneself against.
• oportunamente, opportunely, conveniently, seasonably.
• oportunidad, f., opportunity;
  con ——, opportunely, readily.
• oportuno, —a, timely, convenient.
• oposición, f., opposition, resistance, antagonism.
• oprimir, to oppress, weigh down, crush.
• optar, to choose; determine.
• oración, f., prayer.
• orador, m., orator.
• orden, m., order, kind, class; f., order, command.
• ordenar, to order, command.
• ordinariamente, customarily, usually, as a rule.
• ordinario, —a, ordinary, usual, common;
  de ——, usual.
• oreja, f., (outer) ear.
• orgullo, m., pride, haughtiness, conceit.
• orgullosamente, proudly.
• origen, m., origin, family, extraction.
• originarse, to originate, arise, spring.
• orilla, f., shore, edge, border;
  a —s, on the shore.
• oro, m., gold, money.
• orzar, to luff.
• osar, to dare, venture.
• oscuramente, indistinctly, confusedly, unintelligibly.
• oscurecer, to grow dark, dim or obscure; darken;
  —se, to cloud over.
• oscurezca, etc., v. oscurecer.
• oscuridad, f., darkness, gloom.
• oscuro, —a, dark, sombre;
  a —as, in darkness.
• ostra, f., oyster.
• otear, to observe, view; command (a view).
• otoño, m., autumn.
• otorgar, to grant, give, consent or agree to.
• oye, etc., v. oír.
• ¡oyes! see here! I say!
• P
• paciencia, f., patience.
• pacientemente, patiently, perseveringly.
• pacífico, —a, pacific, mild, gentle, peaceful, peaceable.
• pacotilla, f., venture.
• padecer, to suffer, grieve.
• padrastro, m., step-father.
• padre, m., father; pl., parents.
• padrenuestro, m., Our Father, Lord's Prayer.
• pagar, to pay, repay, reward, requite.
• país, m., country, land, region.
• palabra, f., word; promise, offer;
  de ——, by word of mouth.
• palabrita, f., dim. palabra.
• palestra, f., wrestling-court, arena.
• palacio, m., palace, castle.
• pálido, —a, pale, white.
• palmadita, f., little pat, slap.
• palmeta, f., blow with ferule; caning.
• palmetazo, m., aug. palmeta; great blow, whack.
• palo, m., stick, club; pole, mast.
• palomita, f., little dove; bird; darling.
• pan, m., bread, food, living.
• panadera, f., baker, baker's wife.
• pandilla, f., party, group, crowd.
• pánico, m., fright, panic.
• pantalla, f., shade, screen.
• panza, f., belly, paunch.
• paño, m., cloth, stuff, material.
• pañuelo, m., handkerchief, kerchief.
• papel, m., paper; rôle, figure;
  jugar ——, to play a part.
• paquete, m., package, parcel.
• paquetito, m., dim. paquete.
• par, m., pair, couple.
• para, for, to, in order to, until, toward;
  —— que ( + subj.), in order that, so that;
  —— qué?, why? for what reason, purpose?
• paradero, m., whereabouts.
• parado, —a, idle, unused; suspended, at a standstill, discontinued.
• paraje, m., spot, place.
• paralelo, —a, parallel.
• paralizar, to paralyze, benumb.
• parangón, m., comparison.
• parar, to stop; lodge; come to the possession of, devolve;
  —se (a), to stop, pause.
• parecer, m., opinion, view, notion, idea.
• parecer, to appear, seem, turn up;
  al ——, apparently.
• parecido, —a, resembling, like, similar.
• pared, f., wall.
• pareja, f., match, mate.
• parezca, etc., v. parecer.
• parias, f., tribute;
  rendir ——, pay homage.
• pariente, m. & f., relative, kinsman.
• parroquia, f., parish; parish church.
• parte, f., part, portion, number, measure, share; place, spot; cause, reason;
  —— de Levante, east;
  la mayor ——, the majority, most;
  por ninguna ——, anywhere, nowhere;
  por otra ——, on the other hand;
  por —— de, on the part of, from;
  de la —— de fuera, outside.
• participar, to participate, share.
• particular, peculiar, special, odd;
  m., particular individual, private gentleman;
  en ——, specially.
• particularmente, particularly, especially.
• partida, f., departure.
• partido, m., match, mate;
  tomar el ——, to decide.
• partir, to depart, leave, start; part, cut, divide;
  —— (en), to share, do with;
  a —— de, from.
• pasar, to pass (by), go by or through, pass away; happen, turn out, befall;
  —se, to pass, be passing;
  —— por, to be considered as, have reputation of;
  —le (a uno) el susto, recover from fright.
• pasear, to turn or give (a look);
  —se, to walk, promenade;
  salir paseando, go for a walk.
• paseo, m., walk, ramble;
  de ——, out walking.
• pasión, f., passion, love.
• pasmado, —a, amazed, astonished, stupefied.
• paso, m., step, pace; way, passage, pass; passing; plight;
  mal ——, difficult situation;
  dar —s, take steps;
  dirigir los —s, to walk (towards).
• patata, f., potato.
• paterno, —a, paternal, fatherly.
• patio, m., yard, court.
• patrón, m., skipper, captain, master.
• pausa, f., pause, stop, rest; deliberation, care.
• pavimiento, m., floor, pavement.
• pavor, m., fear, terror, panic.
• pavoroso, —a, terrible, frightful.
• paz, f., peace, rest, quiet;
  ¡——!, hush!
• pebetero, m., censer.
• pecado, m., sin, guilt.
• pecho, m., bosom, breast, chest;
  clavado al ——, in a close embrace.
• pedagogo, m., pedagogue, teacher.
• pedazo, m., piece, bit, fragment.
• pedestal, m., ——, support.
• pedir (pers. indir. obj.), to beg, ask, demand, request.
• Pedro, m., Peter.
• pedrusco, m., piece of rough stone.
• pegado, —a, attached, stuck, clinging.
• pegajoso, —a, sticky, close, clammy.
• pegar, to hit, strike, slap, whip, beat; give (a blow); stick.
• pegote, m., parasite, toady.
• peldaño, m., step.
• pelea, f., fight, quarrel, dispute, struggle.
• peligro, m., peril, danger, risk.
• peligroso, —a, perilous, dangerous.
• pelo, m., hair.
• pellejo, m., skin.
• pena, f., pain, anxiety, sorrow; penalty, punishment; trouble, difficulty; hardship, toil;
  a duras —s, with great difficulty, hardly, scarcely.
• penado, m., culprit, convict.
• pendejo, —a, m. & f., coward, poltroon; wretch.
• pendencia, f., quarrel, dispute.
• pendenciero, —a, quarrelsome.
• pender, to depend, hang.
• pendiente, hanging, clinging; steep.
• pendiente, m., ear-ring.
• penetrante, penetrating, insistent, piercing.
• penetrar, to penetrate, pierce.
• penitencia, f., repentance, penance.
• penosamente, painfully.
• penoso, —a, painful, arduous, laborious.
• pensamiento, m., thought, idea, mind.
• pensar (en), to think (of or about), consider, intend.
• pensativo, —a, pensive, thoughtful.
• peña, f., rock, cliff.
• peñasco, m., large rock.
• peonza, f., top.
• peor, worse, worst;
  lo ——, the worst.
• Pepa, f., Josie.
• Pepe, m., Joe.
• pequeño, —a, small, little.
• pequeñuelo, —a, m. & f., little one.
• percibir, to perceive, detect, feel; receive, collect.
• perder, to lose; ruin;
  —— de vista, lose sight of;
  —se, to be lost, go astray.
• pérdida, f., loss.
• perdido, m., dissolute, profligate person; rake.
• perdón, m., pardon, forgiveness.
• perdonar, to pardon, forgive, excuse, exempt.
• perecer, to perish, die, be destroyed.
• perentorio, —a, peremptory, positive, authoritative.
• perezosamente, idly, lazily.
• perfectamente, perfectly; all right, very well, exactly.
• perilla, f., goatee, imperial.
• período, m., period, epoch, age, time.
• peripecia, f., incident, event, adventure, vicissitude.
• permanecer, etc., to remain, stay.
• permanezca, etc., v. permanecer.
• permiso, m., permission, leave.
• permitir, to permit, let, allow, enable.
• pernada, v. p. 96, n. 4.
• pero, but, yet.
• perplejo, —a, perplexed, uncertain, puzzled.
• perra, f., bitch; slut.
• perro, m., dog.
• perseguir, to pursue; persecute, harass, dun.
• persigue, etc., v. perseguir.
• persistir, to persist, persevere.
• persona, f., person, individual; pl., people, folk.
• personaje, m., personage, person of eminence.
• personarse, to appear, present oneself, come in person.
• perspectiva, f., prospect, vista.
• persuadirse (a), to be persuaded, convinced.
• pertenecer, to belong to, concern.
• perteneciente, belonging.
• perverso, —a, perverse, wicked.
• pesadamente, heavily, weightily.
• pesado, —a, weighty, heavy, cumbersome.
• pesadumbre, f., heaviness, weightiness; sorrow, grief, trouble.
• pesar, m., sorrow, trouble;
  a —— de, in spite of, notwithstanding;
  a su ——, in spite of himself, etc.
• pesar, to weigh; consider, ponder; grieve, cause regret or concern.
• pesaroso, —a, chagrined; dejected, disconsolate, sorry.
• pesca, f., fishing, catch.
• pescado, m., fish.
• pescador, —a, fishing (-).
• pescador, m., fisherman.
• pescar, to fish (for), to catch.
• pescuezo, m., neck; nape of neck.
• pesimista, m., pessimist.
• peso, m., weight, burden.
• pestañear, to wink;
  sin ——, fixedly, steadily.
• pestes, f. pl., insults.
• petición, f., petition, claim, demand.
• petrificado, —a, petrified.
• pez, m., fish (uncaptured).
• picado, —a, aroused, rough, boisterous.
• picardía, f., rascality, trick.
• pícaro, —a, knave, rascal.
• pico, m., peak, summit, top, sharp point.
• pida, etc., v. pedir.
• pie, m., foot;
  en ——, standing.
• piedad, f., piety; mercy, pity, compassion.
• piedra, f., rock, stone.
• piensas, etc., v. pensar.
• pierda, etc., v. perder.
• pierna, f., leg.
• pieza, f., room; v. p. 13, n. 5.
• piloto, m., pilot, sailing-master.
• pimentón, m., red pepper (ground).
• pinchar, to pierce, prick.
• pingüe, fat, rich, plentiful.
• pino, m., pine.
• pintar, to picture, paint; represent, show.
• pintoresco, —a, picturesque.
• pipa, f., cask, hogshead.
• pique, ir a ——, to founder, sink.
• pisado, —a, trodden upon, stepped on, trampled.
• piso, m., floor, story.
• placer, m., pleasure, joy, satisfaction.
• placer, to please, gratify, content.
• plácido, —a, placid, peaceful, calm.
• plan, m., ——, scheme, design.
• planchado, —a, ironed, pressed.
• planicie, f., surface, expanse, level.
• planta, f., sole of the foot, foot.
• plantar, to plant, place.
• plata, f., silver, money.
• plática, f., conversation, talk, chat.
• playa, f., beach, shore; bank, shoal.
• plazo, m., time, date.
• plebe, f., common people.
• plebeyo, —a, plebeian.
• plegar, to fold.
• plegaria, f., prayer.
• pleno, —a, full, complete.
• pliegue, m., fold.
• plomo, m., lead.
• pluma, f., pen;
  —— de ave, quill pen.
• población, f., population; town.
• pobre, poor, needy; unhappy, wretched, miserable, pitiable.
• pobrecilla, f., poor, miserable thing; poor little thing, poor child.
• pobrecito, —a, m. & f., poor child.
• pobrete, m., poor, unfortunate fellow.
• pobretón, —a, m. & f., beggar, pauper.
• pobreza, f., poverty, need, indigence.
• poco, —a, little, scanty, limited; few, some;
  —— a ——, little by little, gradually; v. p. 19, n. 1.
• poder, m., power, possession, control; force, intensity; authority, command.
• poder, to be able, can, may; have force, strength, power (to act);
  no —— menos de, v. p. 132, n. 2.
• poderío, m., power, authority.
• poderoso, —a (a), powerful, potent; active, able.
• podrá, etc., v. poder.
• podrido, —a, decaying, rotting, rotten.
• poeta, m., poet.
• polvo, m., powder.
• pollino, m., ass, donkey.
• pomar, m., apple-tree.
• pomposo, —a, pompous, ostentatious, high-sounding.
• pondría, etc., v. poner.
• poner, to put, place, set; dispose, arrange; contribute, offer;
  ——al descubierto, to uncover, lay bare;
  —— cuidado en, to take care;
  —se, to become, get, turn, grow; put on;
  —se a, to begin;
  —se colorado, to blush;
  —— en pie, to get up, rise; v. p. 8, n. 5; p. 52, n. 4.
• ponga, etc., v. poner.
• popa, f., poop, stern.
• poquito, —a, very little;
  un —o, a bit.
• por, by; through, along, across; as, in, on, at, per, about, during; for, on account of, in behalf of, instead of, by means of; in order to ( + inf. implying uncertain result);
  —— detrás, behind;
  —— dónde, v. donde;
  ——... que, however;
  —— más que, v. p. 24, n. 4;
  —— si, v. p. 120, n. 2;
  —— ventura, perchance.
• porción, f., portion, number, lot.
• pormenor, m., detail, particular.
• porque, because; so that, in order that;
  —— sí, "because," because I will.
• por qué, why? what... for?
• porquería, f., meanness, trick.
• portal, m., entrance, vestibule, porch.
• portentoso, —a, astonishing, amazing.
• pórtico, m., porch, veranda, gallery.
• porvenir, lo ——, the future, time to come.
• pos, en ——, behind, after.
• posada, inn, lodging(s).
• poseer, to possess.
• posible, feasible, practicable, possible.
• posición, f., position, standing.
• postre, last, end;
  a la ——, finally, in the end, at last; in turn.
• postrero, —a, last.
• potencia, f., power, influence.
• potentado, m., potentate, prince, magnate.
• práctico, m., expert, experienced person; pilot.
• pradera, f., meadow, field.
• precario, —a, precarious, uncertain; straitened.
• precaución, f., precaution, care.
• preceder (a), to precede.
• precio, m., price, cost.
• precipitación, f., haste, hurry, precipitation.
• precipitadamente, hastily, precipitately.
• precipitarse (a), to hurry, rush forward.
• precisamente, exactly, just then.
• precisado, —a, (a), obliged, compelled.
• precisión, f., distinctness, exactness.
• preciso, needful, necessary, requisite.
• precursor, —a, preceding; m., forerunner, herald, harbinger.
• preferencia, f., choice, preference.
• preferente, preferred, preferable, taking precedence.
• preferible, preferable.
• pregón, m., proclamation.
• pregunta, f., question, inquiry.
• preguntar (a) (pers. indir. obj.), to ask, demand, inquire.
• preliminar, preliminary.
• prenda, f., badge, sign, mark (of respectability).
• prender, to seize, take hold of, catch; take root; take fire, kindle.
• preocupar, to prepossess, engage; worry.
• preparar, to prepare, arrange, make ready.
• preparativo, m., preparation.
• presa, f., prize, prey, booty, spoils.
• presencia, f., presence; bearing.
• presenciar, to witness, be present at, attend.
• presentar, to present, give, offer;
  —se, to appear, present oneself.
• presente, present; m. pl., los —s, those present, the company.
• presentimiento, m., presentiment, foreboding, misgiving.
• presentir, to forebode, have a presentiment of.
• preservar, to preserve, keep, guard.
• presidente, m., president.
• presintiendo, etc., v. presentir.
• préstamo, m., loan.
• prestar, to lend;
  —se, to lend oneself, offer.
• presteza, f., speed, promptness, quickness, deftness.
• prestigio, m., prestige, distinction.
• presto, -a, quick, prompt, ready; adv., quickly, soon, speedily.
• presumir, to presume, suppose, suspect.
• presuroso, —a, quick, swift, prompt; hurried(ly).
• pretender, to pretend; try, attempt.
• pretestar, to pretend, feign.
• pretexto, m., pretext, pretense, cover;
  con —— de, under pretense of.
• prevenido, —a, forewarned, ready, prepared.
• prevenir, to prearrange, provide.
• prever, to foresee.
• previno, etc., v. prevenir.
• prima, f., cousin.
• primavera, f., spring.
• primero, —a, first; early;
  —— que, before.
• primo, m., cousin.
• primorosamente, charmingly, delightfully, exquisitely.
• primoroso, —a, charming, exquisite, graceful, neat.
• principiar (a), to begin, start, commence.
• principio, m., beginning, start;
  al ——, at first.
• prisa, f., haste, hurry, speed, promptness;
  a toda ——, in the greatest hurry;
  darse ——, to make haste, hurry;
  de or con ——, hurriedly, quickly.
• privado, —a, deprived, despoiled, dispossessed.
• privativo, —a, individual, peculiar, exclusive.
• privilegio, m., privilege, prerogative, liberty.
• proa, f., prow, bow.
• probar, to taste, prove, experience.
• problema, m., problem.
• procacidad, f., impudence, insolence.
• proceder, to proceed.
• prócer, m., nobleman, grandee, peer.
• procesar, to prosecute, accuse; sue.
• procurar, to try, endeavor; procure, get, obtain.
• prodigar, to lavish, regale.
• prodigiosamente, prodigiously, wonderfully.
• producir, to produce, cause, occasion.
• produjo, etc., v. producir.
• proeza, f., prowess, feat (of courage).
• proferir, to express, utter, pronounce.
• profiriendo, etc., v. proferir.
• profundamente, deeply, intensely, profoundly.
• profundidad, f., depth.
• profundo, —a, profound, deep.
• progreso, m., progress, growth, advance.
• prolongado, —a, prolonged, extending to.
• promesa, f., promise.
• prometer, to promise, bid fair, give indication of.
• prometida, f., betrothed, sweetheart.
• prontamente, soon, quickly, promptly.
• pronto, —a, (a), quick, prompt, ready, hasty; adv., soon, quickly, promptly; v. p. 11, n. 3.
• pronunciar, to pronounce, say.
• propalar, to spread, publish.
• propicio, —a, propitious, favorable.
• propiedad, f., property.
• propinar, to prescribe.
• propio, —a, -os, —as, own, same, self; himself, herself, etc.; proper, peculiar, characteristic, natural, worthy.
• propio, m., messenger.
• proponer, to propose;
  —se, to plan, resolve, determine.
• proporcionar, to supply, furnish, provide; yield, render.
• propósito, m., purpose, plan, design, intention.
• prorrumpir, to break forth, burst out.
• propuso, v. proponer.
• proseguir, to proceed, continue, pursue, follow.
• prosiguió, v. proseguir.
• prosternarse, to prostrate oneself.
• protección, f., protection.
• protector, —a, protecting.
• proteger, to protect, guard, defend, cover.
• proveer, to provide, furnish.
• providencia, f., providence.
• provincia, f., province.
• próximamente, approximately, nearly.
• próximo, —a, next, near, neighboring, close by.
• proyecto, m., project, design.
• prudencia, f., prudence.
• prudente, prudent, discreet.
• prueba, f., proof, evidence, sign.
• pudiendo, etc., v. poder.
• pueblecillo, m., little town, village.
• pueblo, m., town, village; people.
• pueda, etc., v. poder.
• puerco, —a, dirty, nasty, filthy.
• puerco, —a, m. & f., pig; sow.
• puerta, f., door.
• puertecilla, f., dim. puerta.
• puerto, m., port, harbor, haven.
• pues, because, then, for, since; well, inasmuch as;
  —— bien, very well;
  —— qué, why not?
• puesto, p.p. poner; placed, put, set;
  —— que, since, although.
• pulido, —a, shining, polished; neat, nice, fine.
• pulpo, m., cuttle-fish.
• pundonoroso, —a, honorable, punctilious.
• punta, f., point, end, extremity, tip; cape, headland, promontory.
• puntiagudo, —a, sharp-pointed.
• puntito, m., dim. punto.
• punto, m., point, dot; instant, moment; opportunity; matter, subject;
  a —— de, on the point of, about to;
  a —— fijo, exactly;
  al ——, at once, immediately;
  de todo ——, quite, wholly, completely;
  en —— a, in point of, as regards.
• puntual, punctual, prompt, exact.
• puñado, m., handful, a few.
• puño, m., fist; head, knob (of staff).
• puramente, purely, entirely.
• pureza, f., purity, clearness.
• pusiera, etc., v. poner.
• Q
• que, who, (whom), which, that;
  el, la, lo, los, las ——, he, she, they, those who, the one who, that which;
  interrog. what? how? which? exclam. how! what! what a! conj. that, for; compar. than, as;
  de lo ——, than;
  a ——, until;
  de ——, that;
  ¿y ——? and what of it? es ——, the fact is.
• quebrado, m., fraction.
• quebrar, to break, burst, snap.
• quedar, to stop, stay, remain, continue; have left;
  —se, to remain, be.
• quedo, —a, quiet, calm.
• quehacer, m., duty, occupation, business, v. p. 45, n. 4.
• queja, f., complaint.
• quejarse, to complain, grumble, resent, regret, dispute.
• quemar, to burn, scorch, scald.
• querer, to wish, want, desire, will;
  —— a, to love, care for, like; —— decir, to mean.
• querido, —a, dear, beloved.
• querrás, etc., v. querer.
• queso, m., cheese.
• quicio, m., side-post, jamb (of a door).
• quiera, etc., v. querer.
• quieto, —a, silent, still, quiet.
• quilla, f., keel.
• quimera, f., chimera, foolish, wild fancy.
• quince, fifteen;
  —— días, a fortnight.
• quinta, f., country place, country house, villa.
• quiñón, m., share (of profit).
• quisiera, etc., v. querer.
• quisto, —a, p.p. querer;
  bien ——, well liked.
• quitar (pers. indir. obj.), to take away, rob; forbid;
  —se, to remove, take off;
  nos quita la vista, prevents our seeing.
• quizá, quizás, perhaps, possibly.
• R
• raba, f., codfish-roe.
• rabia, f., rage, fury.
• rabillo, m., v. p. 42, n. 3.
• rabioso, —a, mad, frantic, furious.
• Rafael, m., Raphael.
• ráfaga, f., gust.
• raído, —a, ragged, worn, threadbare, frayed.
• raíz, f., root;
  echar raíces, to take root.
• rajar, to split, rend, tear.
• rama, f., branch, limb, bough.
• ramalazo, m., gust, lash, crack.
• ramillete, m., bouquet, nosegay.
• Ramón, m., Raymond.
• rango, m., rank, dignity.
• rapaz, rapacious, hungry, ravenous, greedy, voracious.
• rapaz, m., ship's boy, cabin-boy.
• rápidamente, rapidly, quickly.
• rápido, —a, quick, swift.
• raro, —a, rare, unusual, uncommon; queer, odd, strange;
  —a vez, rarely.
• rasado, —a, filled, overflowing, brimmed (w. tears).
• rasgado, —a, v. p. 4, n. 6.
• rastro, m., trace, vestige.
• ratificarse (en), to ratify, confirm.
• rato, m., time, while, moment;
  a —s, at times, occasionally;
  al poco ——, within a short while;
  hace ——, a while ago.
• ratón, m., mouse.
• raya, f., line, bar, stripe.
• rayar (en), to verge, border upon.
• rayo, m., ray, beam.
• razón, f., reason, cause, motive; right;
  tener ——, to be right.
• razonamiento, m., reasoning, discussion, argument.
• real, royal;
  camino ——, highway, high road.
• realidad, f., reality, truth, fact.
• realizar, to realize, accomplish, perform.
• realmente, really, truly.
• reanimado, —a, reanimated, revived, enlivened, stirred up.
• rebaja, f., rebate, reduction.
• rebelarse, to rebel.
• rebelde, rebellious, unmanageable.
• rebeldía, f., rebellion, disobedience.
• rebelión, f., rebellion, resistance.
• rebosar, to overflow, run or bubble over.
• recado, m., message.
• recaer, to go back to, fall back upon.
• recelo, m., suspicion, apprehension, dread.
• receloso, —a, suspicious, distrustful, fearful, jealous.
• reciamente, stoutly, strongly, forcibly; violently.
• recibir, to receive, accept, take; welcome.
• reciente, recent, modern.
• recinto, m., place, room, precinct.
• recio, —a, strong, vigorous, severe, swift, violent.
• reclamación, f., objection, complaint, remonstrance.
• reclamar (pers. indir. obj.), to claim, demand, reclaim.
• recobrar, to recover, regain.
• recoger, to pick up, gather, get, collect; take in, shelter.
• recomendar, to charge, recommend.
• recomienden, etc., v. recomendar.
• recondenado, —a, confounded, cursed.
• reconocer, to recognize; acknowledge, own; examine, reconnoitre.
• recordar, to remind, recall;
  —se de, to remember, recall.
• recorrer, to run or read over, examine; traverse, cross, go through; scour, range.
• recriminación, f., blame, accusation.
• recriminar, to reprove, accuse.
• recto, —a, right, straight.
• recuerdo, m., memory, remembrance.
• recurso, m., recourse, resort; pl., resources, means.
• rechazar, to reject, refuse.
• rechinar, to creak, grate.
• red, f., net.
• redimir, to redeem, rescue, relieve.
• redoblar, to redouble.
• redondo, —a, round;
  en ——, all around, round and round.
• reducir, to reduce, lessen, convert.
• referente, relating, regarding.
• referir, to refer; relate, tell;
  —se, to have reference to.
• refinado, —a, refined, perfect.
• refinamiento, m., refinement, nicety, elegance.
• reflejar, to reflect;
  —se, to be reflected.
• reflexión, f., thought, consideration.
• reflexivamente, thoughtfully, meditatively.
• reflexivo, —a, thoughtful, reserved.
• refrenar, to restrain, control, check.
• refrescar, to freshen, grow cool.
• refugiarse, to take refuge, shelter oneself.
• regalar, to make a present of; regale, treat; feast.
• regalo, m., present, gift.
• región, f., region, quarter, space.
• registrar, to inspect, examine, investigate.
• regla, f., rule, law;
  en ——, in order.
• regocijo, m., joy, delight, exultation.
• regresar, to return, go back.
• reinar, to reign, rule; prevail.
• reír(se), to laugh, smile;
  —se (de), to laugh at, make fun of.
• reja, f., bar, grating.
• relación, f., relation, narrative, account; pl., relations, intercourse.
• relámpago, m., lightning flash.
• religión, f., ——; faith.
• religioso, —a, religious, pious, devout, spiritual.
• relingar, to rope (a sail), clew.
• reloj, m., watch.
• reluciente, shining, luminous, brilliant.
• remangar, to roll up, tuck up, pick up; bare the arms (by rolling up sleeves).
• rematado, —a, crazy;
  loco ——, stark mad.
• remedar, to imitate, follow the example of.
• remediar, to remedy, help, avoid.
• remedio, m., remedy, help, resource, recourse.
• remendar, to mend, patch, darn.
• remitir, to remit, send.
• remo, m., oar.
• remolino, m., whirlwind.
• remordimiento, m., remorse, regret.
• remoto, —a, remote, far away, distant.
• renacer, to spring up or be born again.
• rencor, m., ill-will, animosity.
• rendido, —a, weary, worn out, overcome (with fatigue).
• rendir, to render;
  —se, to yield, submit, surrender.
• renovar, to renew, change, replace.
• renta, f., rent, income, revenue.
• reñido, —a, at enmity, put out, angry.
• reñidor, —a, m. & f., scold, wrangler.
• reñir, to quarrel, dispute, wrangle.
• reo, m., criminal, offender, wrongdoer.
• reparar, to observe, notice, consider, reflect, give heed.
• repartir, to divide, share, distribute.
• reparto, m., division, apportionment.
• repentinamente, suddenly.
• repentino, —a, sudden, abrupt, unexpected.
• repetido, —a, repeated, renewed.
• repetir, to repeat, reiterate.
• repitieron, etc., v. repetir.
• réplica, f., reply, answer.
• replicar, to answer.
• reponer, to reply; replace, restore.
• reposar, to rest, repose.
• reposo, m., repose, rest, peace.
• reprender (pers. indir. obj.), to reprove, scold, chide.
• representante, m., representative.
• representar, to represent, show, make clear.
• reprimir, to repress, restrain, control.
• reprobar, to reprove, reproach, blame.
• repuesto, —a, p.p. reponer, restored, recovered.
• repugnante, repulsive, offensive.
• repugnar, to repel, disgust.
• repuso, etc., v. reponer.
• reputado, —a, (por), reputed, well-known (as).
• requemado, —a, tanned, sun-burned.
• requisito, m., requisite, requirement, condition.
• resaca, f., surf, undertow.
• resarcir, to compensate, refund, make good.
• resbalar, to slip.
• resentirse, to give way, fall ill, suffer harm.
• reserva, f., reserve, secrecy, discretion;
  de ——, extra, spare.
• reservadamente, privately.
• residuo, m., remains, remainder.
• resignación, f., resignation, patience.
• resignar, to resign, give up;
  —se, to submit.
• resistencia, f., opposition.
• resistir (a), resist, endure.
• resolución, f., determination, boldness, assurance, decision; solution, conclusion, ending.
• resolver, to resolve, determine, make up one's mind.
• respaldado, —a, leaning back.
• respecto, m., regard, relation;
  —— a, concerning, with regard to.
• respetable, considerable.
• respetar, to respect, regard.
• respeto, m., respect, consideration, esteem.
• respiración, f., breath, breathing.
• respirar, to take breath, "breathe freely."
• respiro, m., respite, breathing space.
• resplandecer, to shine, gleam, burn, glow.
• resplandor, m., splendor, radiance, brightness.
• responder, to respond, reply, answer.
• responsable, answerable, accountable.
• respuesta, f., reply, answer.
• restañar, to staunch, stop flow of blood.
• restar, to remain.
• resto, m., rest, remainder.
• restregar, to rub.
• resueltamente, resolutely, firmly.
• resuelto, —a, p.p. resolver; resolved, determined, decided;
  —— a todo, ready for anything, everything.
• resultado, m., result;
  en último ——, v. p. 41, n. 3.
• resultar, to result, follow, turn out.
• retama, f., broom, furze.
• retirado, —a, retired, pensioned.
• retirar, to reject, abandon;
  —se, to withdraw, retire, retreat.
• retorcer, to twist, wring, distort, roll.
• retórica, f., rhetoric.
• retrato, m., portrait, picture.
• retroceder, to retreat, go back.
• retuerzo, etc., v. retorcer.
• retumbar, to resound, re-echo, reverberate.
• reunido, —a, assembled, united, gathered together.
• reunir, to join, foregather;
  —se, to gather, assemble.
• revelación, f., revelation, disclosure.
• revés, m., reverse.
• revestido, vested, in full vestments.
• revolución, f., revolution, disturbance, commotion, change.
• revolver, to revolve, upturn, turn over; stir, shake, stir up; disturb; return;
  —se, to move to and fro, dash, whirl.
• revuelta, f., winding.
• revuelto, —a, p.p. revolver; irregular, winding.
• reyerta, f., quarrel, fight, dispute.
• rezar, to pray.
• ribera, f., beach, shore.
• rico, —a, rich, wealthy; delicate, delicious.
• ridículo, —a, ridiculous, comical, absurd; queer.
• ríe, etc., v. reír.
• riente, smiling, radiant.
• riesgo, m., risk, danger, peril.
• rigidez, f., inflexibility, sternness, severity.
• rigor, m., ——, severity, sternness.
• rincón, m., corner, nook, remote, out-of-the-way place.
• riña, f., squabble, quarrel, dispute.
• riñe, etc., v. reñir.
• riqueza, f., wealth, riches.
• risa, f., laugh, laughter.
• risotada, f., loud laugh, horse-laugh.
• risueño, —a, cheerful, smiling, laughing, pleased.
• rivalidad, f., rivalry, competition.
• rizar, to ruffle, ripple;
  —se, to curl.
• robaliza, f., sea-perch.
• robar (pers. indir. obj.), to steal.
• robo, m., theft, robbery.
• robusto, —a, robust, strong.
• rociar, to sprinkle, bathe, bedew.
• rodar, to turn, roll.
• rodear, to surround, enclose, encircle.
• rodilla, f., knee;
  de —s, kneeling.
• Rodrigo, m., Roderick.
• roer, to gnaw, eat away.
• rogar, to pray, beg, implore.
• rojizo, —a, reddish, crimson.
• rojo, —a, red, scarlet.
• rollo, m., roll.
• romano, —a, Roman.
• romería, f., v. p. 40, n. 4.
• romper, to break, destroy;
  —— a, to begin, start, break out, burst forth.
• ronco, —a, hoarse, discordant.
• ropa, f., clothes.
• rosa, f., rose; pink, rosy.
• rostro, m., face, countenance.
• roto, —a, p.p. romper; broken, torn, ragged; destroyed, at an end, broken off.
• rozar, to brush, graze, rub against.
• rubio, —a, fair, blond.
• rubor, m., blush, shame.
• ruborizado, —a, blushing, flushed.
• rudeza, f., roughness, rudeness; simplicity.
• rudo, —a, rude, rough, coarse; severe, hard.
• ruego, m., prayer, supplication, entreaty.
• Rufo, m., Rufus.
• ruido, m., noise, stir, uproar.
• ruidoso, —a, loud, tumultuous, noisy.
• ruina, f., ruin, destruction.
• ruinmente, maliciously, basely.
• ruinoso, —a, ruinous, decayed, dilapidated.
• rumbo, m., direction, course, route.
• rumor, m., noise, sound, murmur.
• S
• saber, to know, understand, comprehend; know how to, manage, can; find out, learn.
• sabrá, etc., v. saber.
• sabroso, —a, savory, delicious, delightful.
• sacar, to draw; take, pull, bring out; free, extricate; remove; discover;
  —— de apuros, to help out of difficulties, trouble.
• sacerdote, m., priest.
• sacrificio, m., sacrifice, offering.
• sacristán, m., —, sexton.
• sacristana, f., wife of sacristan.
• sacrosanto, —a, sacred, hallowed, divine.
• sacudida, f., shock, jerk, impact, shake.
• sacudir, to shake, shake out; beat, flap.
• sagaz, wary, shrewd, artful.
• sala, f., parlor, hall, drawing-room.
• salar, to salt, cure.
• saldo, m., settlement, balance.
• saldremos, etc., v. salir.
• salida, f., departure, removal; exit, outlet, environs, outskirts; excursion, expedition, trip, journey.
• salido, —a, prominent, projecting, bulging.
• saliente, salient, prominent.
• salir (a), to go out, leave, depart, set out; come out or forth, issue from; result;
  —— al (name of fish), to go out — fishing;
  —— de, to recover from, get over;
  —se, v. p. 13, n. 4.
• salita, f., dim. sala.
• salmonete, m., red mullet.
• salón, m., —, hall, drawing-room.
• salpicar, to spatter, splash.
• salsa, f., spray.
• saltar, to jump, spring, leap, frisk, skip; burst forth;
  —— en tierra, to land, leap ashore.
• salto, m., leap, hop, bound;
  a —s, in jumps or leaps.
• salud, m., health, welfare, prosperity; soundness, safety.
• saludable, salutary, wholesome, healthful.
• saludar, to greet, bow, speak to.
• saludo, m., greeting.
• salvaje, savage, fierce.
• salvar, to save; go, pass or jump over; cross;
  —se, to escape.
• salvo, a or en ——, in safety, safe.
• sandio, —a, nonsensical, absurd, foolish.
• sangrar, to bleed.
• sangre, f., blood.
• sangría, f., bleeding; cheating.
• sangriento, —a, bloody, cruel.
• sano, —a, healthy, sound, sane;
  —— de la cabeza, in one's right mind.
• Santa Cruz, prop. name, Holy Cross.
• santo, —a, holy, blessed.
• santo, m., saint.
• sarcástico, —a, sarcastic, scornful, satirical.
• sardina, f., sardine.
• sarta, f., string, row.
• sartén, f., frying-pan.
• satírico, —a, satirical.
• satisfacción, f., satisfaction, pleasure, contentment.
• satisfecho, —a, p.p. satisfacer, satisfied, content.
• sazón, f., time.
• sé, v. saber.
• secar, to dry, wipe; grow dry.
• seco, —a, dry, withered;
  en ——, high and dry.
• secretario, m., secretary, clerk, registrar.
• secreto, —a, secret, hidden, private.
• secreto, m., secret, secrecy.
• secundar, to second, favor.
• sedujo, etc., v. seducir.
• seducir, to seduce, persuade, tempt, deceive, entice.
• seductor, m., deceiver.
• seguida, f., sequence;
  en ——, directly, soon, at once;
  venir en ——, to follow.
• seguido, —a, continued, prolonged.
• seguir, to follow, proceed, continue, go or keep on;
  —— el humor, sympathize w. (one's) mood.
• según, according to, as.
• segundo, —a, second.
• seguramente, surely, certainly.
• seguro, —a, secure, safe, firm, steady;
  a ——, in safety.
• seis, six.
• semblante, m., face; appearance or signs of the weather; v. p. 7, n. 1, and p. 52, n. 4.
• semejante (a), resembling, like, similar, such.
• semejanza, f., resemblance, likeness;
  a —— de, like.
• semejar, to be like, resemble.
• sencillo, —a, simple, natural, plain; guileless.
• sendero, m., path.
• seno, m., bosom.
• sensible, sensitive, susceptible, impressionable.
• sentarse, to sit down.
• sentenciar, to condemn, sentence.
• sentenciosamente, significantly, meaningly, pointedly.
• sentido, m., sense, feeling;
  sin ——, unconscious.
• sentimiento, m., feeling, emotion; sorrow, grief.
• sentir, to feel; feel sorry for, regret; hear, see;
  —se, to feel oneself.
• seña, f., sign, mark, emotion.
• señá, f., "Dame," v. p. 14, n. 5.
• señal, f., sign, token, signal;
  en —— de, in token of.
• señalado, —a, celebrated, renowned; marked.
• señalar, to mark or point out, point to; show, designate, fix, appoint.
• señor, m., sir, gentleman, lord.
• señora, f., madam, mistress.
• señorear, to command, overlook.
• señorial, seignorial, lordly.
• sepa, etc., v. saber.
• separado, —a, separate, distant, apart.
• separar, to separate, part, lay aside;
  —se, to separate;
  —se de, to part company, leave.
• sepultar, to bury.
• sér, m., being.
• serenamente, quietly, calmly, dispassionately.
• serenar, to calm, compose, tranquillize.
• serenidad, f., serenity; peacefulness, clearness.
• sereno, —a, undisturbed, unruffled, composed, placid.
• seriedad, f., seriousness, gravity, soberness.
• serio, —a, serious, earnest; vexed;
  en ——, seriously.
• serpear, to wind, meander.
• servir, to serve, be useful or do duty for;
  —— de, to serve as or for;
  —— para, to be good for;
  —se (de), to make use of, employ.
• sesenta, sixty.
• setecientos, —as, seven hundred.
• setiembre, September.
• severamente, severely, sternly.
• severidad, f., severity, harshness.
• Sevilla, Seville.
• sexo, m., sex.
• sí, yes, certainly; so.
• si, if, whether; why! v. p. 126, n. 3.
• siempre, always, forever;
  —— que, whenever; provided that.
• sien, f., temple.
• siento, etc., v. sentar, sentir.
• sierra, f., mountain (range).
• siete, seven.
• sigas, etc., v. seguir.
• sigilo, m., secrecy, concealment;
  con ——, secretly.
• siglo, m., century.
• significar, to signify, mean.
• signo, m., sign, gesture, motion, nod.
• siguiente, following, next, successive.
• sílaba, f., syllable.
• silbar, to whistle, whiz.
• silbido, m., whistle.
• silencio, m., silence, stillness, hush.
• silenciosamente, softly, quietly.
• silencioso, —a, silent, still.
• silueta, f., silhouette, outline.
• silla, f., chair, seat.
• sillón, m., arm-chair.
• simular, to pretend.
• simultáneo, —a, simultaneous, all together.
• sin, without;
  —— embargo, notwithstanding, however, nevertheless;
  —— que, without.
• sinceramente, sincerely, heartily, honestly.
• síncope, f., fainting-fit, swoon.
• siniestro, —a, vicious, evil; odious.
• sino, but, except; besides, only;
  —— que, but on the contrary.
• sinsabor, m., disgust, unpleasantness, trouble.
• sintiendo, etc., v. sentir.
• siquiera, even, ever, scarcely, although, otherwise;
  ni ——, not even.
• sirva, etc., v. servir.
• sistema, m., system.
• sitio, m., place, spot.
• situación, f., situation, condition, position.
• so, under;
  —— pena de, under penalty of.
• soberbia, f., pride, arrogance.
• soberbio, —a, proud, haughty.
• sobrado, —a, extreme, excessive; rich, well off;
  —— de dinero, affluent.
• sobrar, to be left over, remain; have over and above one's needs.
• sobre, on, upon, on the top of, over; about, concerning; beyond, off; in addition to.
• sobrecogido, —a, surprised, overcome, apprehensive, afraid.
• sobrenatural, supernatural.
• sobresaltado, —a, fearful, terrified.
• sobresaltar, to surprise, startle; strike.
• sobrio, —a, sober, temperate, abstemious.
• sociedad, f., association, partnership.
• socorrer, to help, assist, succor.
• socorro, m., help, aid.
• sofocante, suffocating, stifling, oppressive.
• sol, m., sun, day.
• solamente, only, solely.
• solariego, —a, manorial, ancestral.
• solazarse, to amuse, entertain, enjoy oneself.
• soldada, f., wages, pay.
• soledad, f., solitude, loneliness, seclusion.
• solemne, solemn, impressive.
• solemnemente, solemnly, seriously.
• solemnidad, f., solemnity, gravity.
• soler, to be wont, accustomed to; use to, be apt to.
• solicitar, to solicit, petition, apply.
• solícito, —a, solicitous, ready, anxious.
• solitario, —a, solitary, lonely, deserted.
• solo, —a, alone, solitary, lonely;
  a —as, alone, in private.
• sólo, only, solely.
• soltar, to loosen, let go, unfasten; throw, discharge, emit; burst forth (into laughter); give out (bad news).
• sollo, m., sturgeon.
• sollozar, to sob.
• sollozo, m., sob.
• sombra, f., shadow, shade.
• sombrero, m., hat.
• sombrío, —a, sombre, gloomy, dark.
• sometido, —a, subject, subjected, exposed.
• sonar, to sound, ring.
• sonido, m., sound, noise.
• sonreír, to smile.
• sonríen, etc., v. sonreír.
• sonriente, smiling.
• sonrisa, f., smile.
• sonrosado, —a, rosy, blushing, red.
• soñar, to dream.
• soplar, to blow.
• sordamente, dully, thickly.
• sordo, —a, deaf; dull, monotonous, muffled; quiet, faint, far off.
• sorprender, to surprise, astonish, take unaware.
• sorpresa, f., surprise, amazement.
• sosegado, —a, calm, peaceful, quiet.
• sosegar, to calm, pacify, lull; grow quiet, die down; rest.
• sosiego, m., calmness, composure, serenity; peace, quiet.
• sosiegue, etc., v. sosegar.
• sospecha, f., suspicion, conjecture.
• sospechar, to suspect.
• sospechoso, —a, suspicious.
• sostienen, etc., v. sostener.
• sostener, to hold (out); support, help, maintain; endure, suffer.
• sostenga, etc., v. sostener.
• sostenido, —a, sustained, prolonged.
• sostenimiento, m., support, maintenance.
• sotavento, m., lee, leeward.
• Sr., v. señor.
• suave, gentle, mild.
• suavemente, gently, pleasantly, kindly.
• subir (a), to go up, rise, climb; raise, draw up; go upstairs.
• súbitamente, suddenly, instantly.
• súbito, sudden, quick, hasty;
  de ——, unexpectedly, suddenly.
• suceder, to happen, occur, take place, come about;
  —— (a), to follow, succeed.
• sucesivamente, in succession.
• sucesivo, lo ——, the future.
• suceso, m., occurrence, event; result, success.
• sucio, —a, soiled, dirty, filthy.
• sudar, to sweat, perspire; toil.
• sudor, m., perspiration, sweat; labor.
• sueldo, m., wages, stipend.
• suele, etc., v. soler.
• suelo, m., floor; ground, soil; surface.
• suelta, etc., v. soltar.
• suelto, —a, loose, streaming; light, swift, easy, free.
• suenan, etc., v. sonar.
• sueno, m., sleep, slumber; dream.
• suerte, f., luck, fortune, fate, chance; lot; manner, mode, way;
  de —— que, so that, in such a way that;
  de otra ——, otherwise.
• suficiencia, f., sufficiency, confidence, self-reliance, boldness.
• suficiente, sufficient, enough.
• sufrido, —a, patient, long-suffering.
• sufrir, to suffer, bear, endure; support, sustain; meet with (loss).
• sugerir, to suggest, insinuate.
• sugestión, f., suggestion, hint.
• sugirió, etc., v. sugerir.
• sujetar, to subdue, fasten, hold fast; control.
• sujeto, —a, caught, bound, grasped; exposed, subject, liable.
• sumamente, highly, exceedingly.
• sumar, to sum up, add.
• sumido, —a, sunk, submerged; absorbed, overwhelmed.
• sumir, to sink.
• sumisión, f., submission, obedience, acquiescence.
• sumo, —a, highest, greatest, perfect.
• supeditado, —a, subjected, controlled, subservient.
• superficie, f., surface.
• supersticioso, —a, superstitious.
• supiese, etc., v. saber.
• supino, —a, impotent, helpless; thoughtless, heedless.
• suplicar, to implore, beseech, beg, entreat.
• suplicio, m., torture, punishment.
• suplir, to supply, provide, furnish, substitute.
• suponer, to suppose, surmise, imagine.
• supongo, etc., v. suponer.
• supremo, —a, supreme, final.
• supuesto, —a, p.p. suponer.
• supuesto, m., supposition, assumption.
• surcar, to plough, furrow.
• surgir, to rise, appear, surge.
• susceptibilidad, f., susceptibility, sensitiveness.
• susceptible, sensitive.
• suspender, to suspend, hang; stop, delay.
• suspenso, —a, uncertain, undecided; surprised, amazed;
  en ——, in suspense.
• suspiro, m., sigh.
• sustentar, to sustain, support; assert, maintain.
• sustento, m., support, maintenance, living.
• sustituir (a), to replace.
• susto, m., fright, terror, shock.
• susurro, m., murmur, ripple.
• sutilmente, artfully, cunningly, craftily.
• T
• taberna, f., tavern, wine-shop.
• tabernera, f., bar-maid; wife of tavern-keeper.
• tabla, f., board, plank, panel.
• taburete, m., stool.
• taciturno, —a, taciturn, grim, silent, reserved, melancholy.
• tal, such, so, as; thus, in such manner, similar;
  con —— que, provided that.
• talante, countenance, disposition;
  de malísimo ——, in a very bad humor.
• también, also, likewise, too; moreover.
• tampoco, neither, not... either, nor... either.
• tan, as, so, as much, as well;
  —— ...como, as ... as.
• tanto, —a, —os, —as, adj., as or so much; as such, so many; very much, very great; adv., so, so much, in such a manner;
  ——como, as well as;
  —— ... cuanto, as much ... as, as well ... as;
  —— que, so much, so ... that;
  tantísimo, —a, so very much, such very great;
  mientras ——, meanwhile;
  otros —os, (—as), as many other, as many more;
  al —— de, aware of.
• tapar, to cover, conceal, hide, veil.
• tapia, f., mud-wall, fence.
• tapizar, to hang on sides, drape.
• tarantán, tan ——, tra, la, la, la!
• tardar, to delay, take long;
  a más ——, at the latest.
• tarde, f., afternoon, evening; adv., late, too late; tardily, irregularly (p. 22, l. 31);
  a la ——, in the afternoon;
  por la(s) —(s), in the afternoon(s).
• tardo, —a, slow, sluggish.
• tarea, f., task, toil, drudgery.
• teatral, theatrical; affected, false.
• teatro, m., theatre.
• techo, m., roof, ceiling.
• tejado, m., roof.
• tejer, to weave, knit.
• tema, m., theme, subject.
• temblar, to tremble, shake, be afraid.
• temblor, m., shudder, tremor.
• tembloroso, —a, tremulous, quivering, shaking.
• temer, to fear, dread; be afraid.
• temerario, —a, bold, rash.
• temeridad, f., rashness, fool-hardiness.
• temible, terrible, awful; feared, dreaded.
• temperamento, m., temperament, constitution.
• templado, —a, temperate, moderate, mild.
• templo, m., church.
• temporada, f., period, season.
• temporal, temporary, provisional.
• temporal, m., storm, tempest.
• temporalmente, temporarily.
• temprano, early, soon.
• ten, impv. tener.
• tenacidad, f., tenacity, firmness, resolution; steadfastness, constancy.
• tenaz, tenacious, hard, stubborn, stout; strong, resolute.
• tenaza, f., tongs, pincers.
• tenazmente, steadily, fixedly.
• tender, to stretch, spread, extend; hand; give (a hand);
  —se, to stretch out at full length.
• tendero, m., shop-keeper.
• tendrá, etc., v. tener.
• tenebroso, —a, dark, mysterious.
• tener, to have, own, possess; hold, grasp, take; keep; employ; contain;
  —— años, to be ... years old;
  —— en, to value, esteem;
  —— entre manos, to have on hand;
  —— hambre, to be hungry;
  —— miedo (a), to be afraid;
  —— noticia de, to be aware of, know about;
  —— por, to hold, consider;
  —— por costumbre, to be in the habit (of doing);
  —— que, to have to, be obliged to;
  —— que hacer juntos, to have business together;
  —— razón, to be right;
  —se en pie, to stand;
  aquí me tienes, here I am.
• tengamos, etc., v. tener
• tenor, m., tenor, drift, condition, v. p. 29, n. 5.
• tentar, to tempt.
• tenue, thin, soft, delicate, tenuous, rare.
• teñir, to dye, stain, tinge.
• tercero, —a, third.
• terciopelo, m., velvet.
• Teresa, f., Theresa.
• terminante, determined, decided, unmistakable.
• terminar, to terminate, end, complete, finish, close; end in;
  al ——, at the end of.
• término, m., term; conduct;
  ——medio, intermediate course or line of conduct.
• terreno, m., land, ground, lot.
• terriblemente, frightfully.
• terso, —a, terse, smooth, polished, glossy.
• tertulia, f., gathering, circle, assembly, party.
• tertuliano, —a, guest, frequenter.
• tertulio, —a, m. & f., guest, visitor.
• testerazo, m., bump.
• testigo, m., witness.
• testimonio, m., testimony, evidence, proof.
• tétrico, —a, gloomy, dark.
• tibio, —a, mild, warm.
• tiempo, m., time; while; weather;
  a ——, in time;
  al poco ——, in a short while;
  a su ——, in due time, in (its) turn or time;
  a un ——, all together, at the same time;
  hacer... ——, ... time ago;
  hace largo ——, long since; for a long time;
  más ——, longer;
  en otro ——, in former times;
  por este ——, about this time.
• tienda, f., shop, store.
• tiene, etc., v. tener.
• tierno, —a, tender, gentle, affectionate, loving, fond,
  lo ——, tenderness.
• tierra, f., earth, land; ground, soil, mould; country; lot;
  a or en ——, ashore.
• tigre, m., tiger, fury.
• tijeras, f. pl., scissors, shears.
• tímidamente, timidly, fearfully.
• timidez, timidity, bashfulness.
• tímido, —a, timid, bashful, shy.
• timón, m., helm, rudder.
• timonel, m., helmsman, steersman.
• tinieblas, f. pl., gloom, darkness.
• tintero, m., inkstand.
• tío, m., uncle.
• tirar, to throw, cast, fling, pitch;
  —— (a), to verge on, tend to;
  —— (de), to draw (away), pull (in or away), withdraw;
  —— de, to pull at.
• tiritar, to shiver, shake.
• tiro, m., throw, shot.
• Tirol, Tyrol.
• tirón, m., jerk, pull, tug.
• titubear, to stammer, hesitate, vacillate, waver.
• titular, to entitle, name.
• tocar, to touch, hit; handle, lay hands on; ring, toll; belong, be one's turn, fall to one's lot or share; be related;
  —— (a), to concern;
  —— (en), to lay hands on; strike against.
• tocino, m., bacon, salt pork.
• todavía, yet, still, nevertheless, even.
• todo, —a, —os, —as, adj., each, every, all, whole, entire;
  —— el mundo, everybody;
  —s los anos, every year;
  de —s modos, anyway, at any rate.
• todo, m., whole, entirety, everything; pl., all, everyone, everybody;
  del ——, wholly, entirely, quite.
• tojo, m., furze, gorse.
• toldo, m., awning.
• tomar, to take, take up, catch; get, gather; choose; (w. pers. indir. obj.), take (from); take possession of;
  —— en chanza, to take as a joke;
  —— en serio, to take seriously.
• Tomás, m., Thomas.
• tono, m., tone, manner.
• tonto, —a, silly, stupid, dull, foolish.
• tonto, —a, m. & f., fool, idiot, dunce.
• topar (con), to run or strike against, come upon, find, meet with.
• torcer, to twist, wring; turn (to right or left).
• torcido, —a, twisted, crooked, bent.
• tormenta, f., storm, tempest, hurricane.
• tornar, to return, turn;
  —— a, v. p. 7; n. 5;
  —se, to turn, become.
• torno, m., turn;
  en —— (de), around, round about.
• torre, f., tower.
• torrente, m., torrent.
• toscamente, roughly, rudely.
• tostadora, f., toaster.
• tostar, to toast, roast, parch.
• totalmente, wholly, completely.
• trabajador, —a, industrious, diligent, painstaking.
• trabajar, to work, labor, toil; endeavor.
• trabajo, m., work, labor, toil, occupation; task, drudgery; trouble, hardship;
  con ——, laboriously, with difficulty.
• trabar, to begin, enter upon, take up.
• traer, to bring, carry; draw or pull (towards oneself);
  ——arrastrando, to drag.
• traficar (con), to trade, deal in.
• tragar, to swallow, devour, engulf.
• trágico, —a, tragic, disastrous.
• traición, f., treachery, perfidy, faithlessness.
• traidoramente, treacherously, uncertainly.
• traigas, etc., v. traer.
• traje, m., dress, costume, attire.
• trajera, etc., v. traer.
• tramposo, —a, tricky, underhanded, deceitful; m. & f., cheat, swindler.
• tranquilamente, quietly, calmly, peacefully.
• tranquilizar, to calm, pacify, reassure;
  —se, to quiet down, be reassured.
• tranquilo, —a, quiet, calm, easy.
• transido, —a, exhausted, worn out.
• trapo, m., rag; sails, canvas.
• tras, behind, after, beyond.
• trascurrir, to elapse, pass by or away.
• trasformar, to change, transform, alter, transfigure;
  —se, to be transformed or changed into.
• trasladar, to move, transfer.
• traslucir, to shine through, appear;
  —se, to be inferred.
• trasluzca, etc., v. traslucir.
• trasparente, transparent, clear.
• trasportar, to carry, convey, remove.
• trastienda, f., back shop.
• tratar, to treat, discuss;
  —— de, to try, endeavor, attempt;
  —se de, to be a matter of.
• trato, m., treatment, usage.
• través, al —— de, across, through.
• trayendo, etc., v. traer.
• traza, f., plan, scheme.
• trazar, to trace, draw, mark.
• trecho, m., space, distance;
  de —— en ——, at intervals.
• tregua, f., truce, respite, intermission.
• treinta, thirty.
• tremendo, —a, fearful, terrible, dreadful.
• tremolar, to wave, flutter.
• trémulo, —a, trembling, tremulous, quivering, shaking.
• trepar, to climb, clamber, mount.
• tres, three.
• trescientos, —as, three hundred.
• tributo, m., tribute, contribution, offering, meed.
• trinquete, m., foresail.
• tripa, f., entrails.
• tripulación, f., crew.
• tripulante, sailor, member of crew.
• tripular, to man.
• triste, sad, sorrowful; mournful, dismal, dull; gloomy, sombre, heavy.
• tristemente, sadly, mournfully.
• tristeza, f., sadness, melancholy, gloom.
• triunfal, triumphant.
• triunfante, triumphant, exultant.
• triunfo, m., triumph, victory, exultation.
• trocar, to change, exchange.
• trocha, f., cross-path, short cut.
• tropezar, to stumble, strike against;
  —— (con), to meet with, find, come upon.
• trotar, to trot.
• trozo, m., piece, block, section.
• trueno, m., thunder, thunder-clap.
• tumba, f., grave, sepulchre.
• tuno, m., rogue, rascal, wretch.
• turbación, f., confusion, disturbance, perturbation.
• turbar, to disturb, upset, trouble, disquiet, alarm; confuse, obscure; —se, to be uneasy, confused;
  hacer —se, to trouble, alarm;
  ir turbándose, to grow troubled.
• turbio, —a, turbid, muddy.
• tutelar, guardian, protecting.
• tuvieron, etc., v. tener.
• U
• u, or (before o or ho).
• ufano, —a, proud, conceited, arrogant; cheerful.
• últimamente, finally, at last.
• último, —a, last, final, hindmost;
  por ——, finally, at last.
• unánime, unanimous, general, universal.
• unción, f., extreme unction.
• únicamente, only, solely, singly.
• único, —a, only, sole;
  lo único, the only thing.
• unido, —a, attached; uniform.
• unir, to join, unite, couple, combine.
• universalmente, universally, generally.
• uno, —a, m. & f., one, someone, anyone; num., one; pl., some, several, a few; some people;
  — a otro, one another, each other;
  —— y otro, both;
  —os y (or tras) otros, one after another;
  la una, one o'clock;
  —os cuantos, several.
• unto, m., salve, ointment.
• uña, f., (finger-)nail; claw; clutch.
• urbanidad, f., courtesy, politeness, good breeding.
• urgente, urgent, pressing, important.
• usar, to use, wear.
• uso, m., use; exercise; wearing.
• útil, useful, usable; serviceable, profitable.
• utilizar, to utilize, make use of.
• V
• va, etc., v. ir.
• vaciar, to empty, pour out, discharge.
• vacilante, vacillating, uncertain, hesitating.
• vacilar, to vacillate, hesitate, waver.
• vacío, —a, empty.
• vaivén, m., commotion, fluctuation, undulation.
• valer, to be worth, amount to; avail, serve as a protection; (w. pers. indir. obj.), yield, bring;
  —se (de), to employ, make use of, have recourse to, avail oneself of.
• valor, m., courage, bravery, manliness, fortitude; value, price;
  dar ——, to encourage.
• ¡vamos! come! come now!
• vanidad, f., vanity, conceit.
• vano, —a, ineffectual, fruitless, futile;
  en ——, in vain.
• vapor, m., mist.
• vapuleado, —a, whipped, flogged, chastised, chastened.
• variante, f., variation, difference.
• vario, —a, varied, different; pl., various, a few, some, several.
• vasallo, —a, m. & f., vassal, dependant.
• vaso, m., glass, tumbler.
• vastago, m., descendant, heir, scion.
• vasto, —a, extensive, spacious, widespreading; huge, immense.
• vaya, etc., v. ir.
• ¡vaya! come! indeed! well! come, come! get along! what a!
• ve, imper. ir.
• vecindad, f., vicinity, neighborhood.
• vecindario, m., neighborhood.
• vecino, —a, neighboring, near, adjoining, next.
• vecino, —a, m. & f., neighbor; resident, inhabitant.
• vegetar, to vegetate.
• vehemencia, f., vehemence, violence, impetuosity.
• veía, etc., v. ver.
• veinte, twenty.
• veinticuatro, twenty-four.
• veintidós, twenty-two.
• vejar, to tease, vex, annoy, plague, torment, harass, agitate.
• vela, f., sail, ship; awning; watch; watchman;
  de ——, on guard.
• velar, to cover, hide, veil; watch, be attentive, vigilant.
• velocidad, f., velocity, swiftness, rapidity.
• velón, m., lamp.
• veloz, quick, fast, swift.
• velozmente, rapidly, swiftly, speedily, hastily.
• ven, imper. venir.
• vencer, to overcome; conquer, vanquish, master, subdue; triumph over, prevail upon.
• vendaval, m., strong south-west wind, wind storm.
• vender, to sell, dispose of;
  —se, to betray oneself.
• vendrá, etc., v. venir.
• veneno, m., poison, venom.
• veneración, f., veneration, respect, honor.
• venerando, —a, venerable, sacred.
• venga, etc., v. venir.
• venganza, f., vengeance, revenge.
• venida, f., coming, arrival.
• venir, (a), to come, draw near, approach, advance; move forward or toward;
  —se, to come on;
  —se abajo, to fall, collapse.
• ventana, f., window; nostril.
• ventar, to blow.
• ventilar, to air; discuss (business).
• ventura, f., luck, chance, fortune;
  por ——, perchance, perhaps.
• ver, to see, glance at; scrutinize, scan; look into, examine;
  —se, to be seen; find oneself, be;
  a ——, v. p. 53, n. 1.
• verano, m., summer.
• veras, f. pl., truth, reality;
  de ——, really, truly, certainly, sincerely; indeed.
• verdad, f., truth, reality, fact;
  a la ——, indeed, in truth.
• verdadero, —a, veritable, genuine, actual, real.
• verde, green.
• verdugo, m., hangman, executioner.
• vereda, f., foot-path.
• vergonzoso, —a, bashful, shy, shamefaced.
• vergüenza, f., shame, disgrace;
  sin ——, m. or f., v. p. 45, n. 1.
• verter, to shed.
• vertiginoso, —a, giddy, dizzying, bewildering.
• vestir, to clothe, dress.
• vetusto, —a, ancient, old.
• vez, f., time, turn, occasion;
  a la ——, at once, at the same time, together;
  a su ——, in his (her, etc.) turn;
  a veces, at times, occasionally;
  cada —— más, more and more;
  de —— en cuando, from time to time;
  en —— de, instead of;
  otra ——, again, once more;
  pocas veces, seldom;
  por dos ——, twice over;
  rara ——, rarely, seldom;
  repetidas ——, repeatedly;
  tal ——, perhaps, perchance;
  una ——, once, on one occasion;
  unas ——, sometimes, at times.
• vía, f., road, way.
• viaje, m., journey, trip.
• vianda, f., food, provisions, viands.
• víbora, f., viper.
• vibrante, vibrating, quivering.
• vicio, m., vice.
• vicioso, —a, vicious, corrupt, depraved.
• víctima, f., victim.
• victoria, f., victory, conquest, triumph.
• victorioso, —a, victorious, triumphant.
• vida, f., life, existence; living, livelihood.
• vieja, f., old woman.
• viejo, —a, old, aged; antiquated, old-fashioned.
• viene, etc., v. venir.
• viernes, m., Friday.
• viento, m., wind, breeze.
• vigilar, to watch over, superintend.
• vigorosamente, vigorously, energetically, hard.
• villa, f., villa, country-house; town.
• villanía, f., villainy, baseness, crime.
• villano, —a, m. & f., villein, peasant, vassal.
• vinagre, m., vinegar.
• viniendo, etc., v. venir.
• vino, m., wine.
• violencia, f., violence, intensity, fierceness, fury, rage.
• violento, —a, violent, vehement, furious.
• violeta, f., violet; lavender, purple.
• Virgen, f., the Virgin (Mary).
• virtud, f., virtue, force, strength; uprightness, integrity, rectitude; force, efficacy.
• virtuoso, —a, virtuous, upright, honorable.
• visible, ——, evident, manifest.
• visita, f., visit, call.
• visitar, to visit, see, call on; inspect.
• vislumbrar, to catch a glimpse, see faintly; glimpse;
  —se, to glimmer, shine faintly.
• víspera, f., eve;
  en —s de, on the point of, about to.
• vista, f., ——, view, outlook, prospect; gaze, sight, eyes;
  a la ——, in view, near;
  en —— de, with reference to;
  quitar la ——, to obstruct the view;
  hasta la ——, au revoir.
• visto, —a, p.p. ver.
• viuda, f., widow.
• vivamente, quickly, rapidly, excitedly.
• vivienda, f., dwelling, lodging, shelter.
• vivir, to live, be, exist; dwell, inhabit.
• vivo, —a, alive, living; alight, kindled; quick, active, bright, spirited; loud, lively, emphatic; deep; vehement, intense; hasty, impulsive;
  en lo más ——, to the very quick.
• vizcaíno, —a, Biscayan, of Biscay, Vizcaya.
• vociferar, to shout, exclaim, bawl, clamor.
• volar, to fly (around), flutter, hover.
• voltear, to swoop, fly around, whirl.
• voluntad, f., will, consent, wish, desire, choice.
• voluntariamente, voluntarily, willingly.
• voluptuoso, —a, voluptuous, pleasurable, agreeable.
• volver, to turn, return, come back; direct;
  —— a + inf., v. p. 7, n. 5;
  —— en sí, to regain consciousness;
  —— sobre los pasos, to retrace one's steps;
  —se, to turn;
  —se loco, to go mad;
  —se (a), to turn, become; turn towards, turn about.
• vomitar (pers. indir. obj.), to discharge, shower, pour out, spit out.
• voto, m., vow, tribute.
• voy, v. ir.
• voz, f., voice, cry, call, clamor; report, rumor, public opinion;
  a una ——, all together;
  en alta ——, aloud;
  a voces, loudly, noisily.
• vuelo, m., flight.
• vuelta, f., turn, return; v. p. 11, n. 1; p. 30, n. 6; p. 82, n. 1; p. 107, n. 1; p. 145, n. 3; p. 153, n. 1.
• vuelto, —a, p.p. volver.
• vuelva, etc., v. volver.
• Y
• y, and.
• ya, already, now, immediately; then, presently; later; well!;
  —— no, no longer;
  —— sé, I know! ya que, even if.
• yacer, to lie.
• yerto, —a, motionless, stiff; numb, rigid; petrified, paralyzed (w. fear).
• yugo, m., yoke, power, irksome authority.
• Z
• zagala, f., lass, maid.
• zaguán, m., entrance, vestibule, hall.
• zalamero, —a, flattering, wheedling, coaxing, fawning.
• zambombo, m., fool, clown, lubber, cur.
• zángano, m., idler, drone.
• zapato, m., shoe.
• zarco, —a, pale blue.
• zarza, f., bramble.
• ¡zas! bang! slap!
• zoquete, m., morsel, bit, crumb, bite, mouthful.
• zorra, f., fox.
• zozobra, f., anxiety, worry.
• zozobrar, to founder, sink, capsize.
• zumba, f., joke;
  con ——, jestingly, jocularly, facetiously.
• zumbar, to joke, tease; resound, hum, buzz, ring, roar.
• zumbido, m., buzzing, humming, murmur.
• zutano, —a, m. & f., so-and-so, such-a-one.