As she was unfortunate in life, so she has been unfortunate in death; for a people whose historical judgments were stereotyped by the revolution of 1688 has remembered her failings and forgotten her charms. It is only within recent years that the justice of history, working on the materials which are slowly unfolding the secrets of time, has been able to redress the balance and to reveal the personality of the woman who, amid all her misfortunes and all her faults, never lacked while living the devotion of love and friendship.
[421]Lettres de Henriette Marie à sa soeur Christine, p. 121.
[422]This fine old house is still standing in the Rue François Mirron.
[423]Loret: La Muse Historique, t. 3, p. 252.
[424]This friar seems to have been more highly esteemed than, to judge by his memoirs, he quite deserved. La Muse Historique has a long panegyric of him beginning—
[425]Archives of See of Westminster.
[426]Pepys: Diary, November 22nd, 1660.
[427]Mme de Motteville: Mémoires (1783), VI, pp. 307, 308.
[428]Hist. MSS. Com. MSS. of Duke of Buccleuch at Montagu House. Vol. I, p. 438.
[429]There are several accounts of Henrietta's death differing considerably in detail, especially as to the time when the opiate was given. Vallot was much blamed for the advice he had given.
[430]Hist. MSS. Com. MSS. of Duke of Buccleuch at Montagu House. Vol. I, p. 440.
[431]"A nos chers et bien aimez le grand Prieur et Religieux de l'Abbaye Royalle de S. Denis en France" (September 12th, 1669).—Arch. Nat., K. 119, No. 7.
[432]The official account of the Queen's death and of the three funeral services is contained in MS. Cinqants de Colbert, p. 142.
[433]"Oraison funèbre de Henriette Marie de France Reyne de la Grande Bretagne prononcée dans l'Eglise de Saint Denys en France par Monseigneur l'Evesque d'Amiens" (1670).
[434]Her confessor at the time of her death was Father Lambert, who succeeded Father Viette.
[435]MS. Cinq cents de Colbert, p. 142.
[436]Cinq cents de Colbert, p. 142.
[437]On the first day of the year 1670 Walter Montagu "Voulant temoyner sa reconnaissance envers la Reine d'Angleterre ... indiqua dans son église [S. Martin's, Pontoise] un service solemnel par le repos de son àme."—Histoire de l'Abbaye de S. Martin de Pontoise, 1769. Bibliothèque Mazarine, MS. 3368.
[438]Arch. Nat., K. 1303, No. 6. The portion sold realized £4143.
[439]It is necessary to say a few words as to the alleged marriage between Henrietta Maria and Jermyn. It was believed by some contemporaries (e.g. Pepys and Reresby) that they were married, but it is very unlikely that this was the case. In a note to Smeaton's reprint (1820) to The Life and Death of that matchless mirror of Magnanimity and Heroick Vertue Henrietta Maria de Bourbon, it is asserted that a document was in existence in which Jermyn settled property on Henrietta Maria at the time of his marriage with her. This statement is absolutely unsupported, and even if the document ever existed it may have been a forgery. Henrietta as a Catholic could not have married Jermyn, a Protestant, without a dispensation from the Pope, which it would have been very difficult to obtain without the transaction becoming known. No trace of a dispensation has ever been found. The Queen's closest friends, Mme de Motteville and the Chaillot nuns, give no hint of such marriage, of which, had it existed, they must have been aware.
[440]Now the Hôpital Laënnec in the Rue de Sèvres.
[441]William Clifford, whom Henrietta Maria recommended to the Pope in 1656 as a suitable bishop for England. P.R.O. Roman Transcripts.
[442]Bib. Mazarin, MS. 3368.
[443]Hist. MSS. Com. MSS. of Duke of Buccleuch at Montagu House. Vol. I, p. 423.
[444]It is usually said that he was buried at the Incurables, but both the contemporary Gazette and Abbess Neville's Annals (of the English Benedictines at Pontoise) say that he was buried at S. Martin's, and the latter authority, which gives many details of his later life, adds that the interment took place in the chapel of S. Walter, and there is no doubt that their statement is correct. How the mistake arose is seen from a document preserved in the Archives de l'Assistance Publique, fonds des Incurables, carton 22, which speaks of a monument "posée, sur les entrailles de M. de Montagu en la nef de l'èglise dud" hospital [des Incurables].
[445]William Browne.
APPENDIX
I
ARCHIVES OF THE SEE OF WESTMINSTER
The answer given by the Commissioners of the Counsell to the French Embassadour Mareshall Bassompiere
The French were sent away as delinquents, having by their ill-carriage troubled the affaires of the kingdome, the domesticall government of his Ma:ties house, and the sacred union betwixt his Ma:tie and the Queene. The French Bishop and Blainvill endeavoured to make factione betwyeen the subiectes and the King stirring up men of ill affections in the Parliament against that which was for the service of the King and the tranquillity of the State. Some French officers suffered others to take houses in their names, where priestes might retire and there they brought up young weemen and children to be sent to the Spanish seminaries. They made the Queene's house a Rande-vous for Jesuits and fugitives. They subtly discovered what passed in privat betweene the K. and the Queene. They obliged her to take their opinion and allowance upon everything wh. the K. propounded and required of her. They endeavoured to frame a repugnance in the Queene to all wh. the King desired and ordained and they professed to foment discord betweene their Ma:ties as a thing importing the good of the Churche. They endeavoured to imprint in our Queene contempt of our nation, customes, and language. They had wrought the Qu.'s person, as it were to a kinde of rule of monasticall obedience, so farr as to make her doe things base and servil. They led her a foote a long waye to make her goe in devotion to the place where they are wont to execute infamous malefactours; which acte did turne not only to the shame of the Queene, but to the infamie of the K's predecessours for having put innocent persons to death, whom these fellows count martyrs, whereas not one was executed for Religion, but for crime of treason in the highest degree....
II
P.R.O. ROMAN TRANSCRIPTS
(To Cardinal Barberini)
Le grand zele qui a tourjours paru en sa Saintete pour procurer ladvantage de la religion catolique en ce peis et la passion que jay par tout les moyens possibles de contribuer, moblige a communi que a sa saintete a quoy la conjonction presante menase de la reduire; et de proposer a Sa Satete les melieurs expedients que je puis trouuer pour y remidier a fin de voir sette descharge de mestre aquitee de tout ce qui despandoit de moy tout le monde a ases de congnoisance de v[~re] piete et moy ases de preuues de v[~re] affection pour massurer que vous contribures de bon cœur a se deseing: en quoy le secret est sy important que je nay pas trouue apropos de vous envoyer une personne expres de peur de donner ombrage ysy qui pouroit fort nuir aux affaires du Roy Monseigneur et des catoliques: la Violence avec quoy le parlement a commance contre les catoliques a oblige le Roy Monseigneur a leur accorder la demande quils ont faite de banir les catoliques a dix milles de Londre, ils commansent a faire une riguoreuse recherche contre touts les prestres et menasent de mestre toute les loix les plus severes en execution contre eux qui vont jusques au sang, et moy mesme suis menacee de avoir mon contract de marriage rompu: et particulierement en se qui est des prestres; et la misere est que les affaires du Roy Monseigneur ne luy permette pas de soposer a toute sette violance a quoy il a bien paru depuis son avenemant a la couronne que son naturel ne a pas estte porte car au contaire il soufre maintenant pour sa bonte envers seux de [~nr]e religion; jay songe a un moyen et le seull que se tamps sy permet pour prevenir une grande partie de ses violances qui est pour employer de largent pour gagner les principaux de sette faction puritaine, et je croye avoir tellemant dispoise mon deseing quil ne me manquera que argent pour en venir about: les desordres de se peis sy randent impossible de trouuer ysy une telle somme dargent quil faudroit a cause de lesclat que sela feroit, se qui pouroit aussy frustrer le sucses: sest pour quoy jay cru en premier lieu estre obligee davoir recours a sa Saintete pour luy demander son assistance en une occasion sy presante et le danger sy ineuitable sans se remede a fin quil voye quil nia rien que je ne desire exposer en sette cause je mofre a donner telle caution qui sera valable pour la somme de cinc cent mil escus; car les catoliques estant une fois eschapes de se parlement present il ne oroit que a esperer et rien a craindre dhors en avant et le seul moyent est seluy que je propose: sest pourquoy je vous prie de communiquer sesy a Sa Saintete, a qui je suplie tres humblement de ne le consulter quavec vous car sy sela venoit a estre seu je serois perduee; et de me faire responce la plus prompte que sera possible, et selon v[~re] resolution, vous pouues envoyer les lettres de change a Paris pour me les faire tenir ysy et le plus secretement que faire se peut. Je ne doute pas que si il plaist a sa Stete de masister en ce deseing de remestre les catoliques en repos et de porter le Roy Monseigneur a leur faire plus de grases que jamais. En tout cas joray le temognage de sa Stete et le v[~re] davoir fait de mon coste tout mon possible pour faire reusir se deseing sy bon et utille a la religion; je nay que faire a vous presser de contribuer a sesy v[~re] piete vous porte ases a le faire seullemant une prompte responce la queue jatans par le mesme porteur le quel jay envoye a Paris pour vous faire tenir selle sy par Mr. le nonce la faire demandant rien plus que la diligence et le secret je me remest a la prudence de Sa Stete. et a la vostre et demeureray.
III
THOMASOM TRACTS
The Queene's Proceedings in Holland. Being the copie of a letter from the Staple at Middleborough to Mr. Vanrode a Dutch Marchant in London. (19 Dec. 1642.).... Colonel Goring is travelled into Ortoys and Flanders to raise forces of Men and Armour, he having a Commission from the King of France to take a certaine number from each Garrison, for the Queene and present supply for England. Colonel Gage who is Colonell over the English in Flanders, gave Colonel Goring a Challenge for presuming to beat up his Drums to flock away his Officers and Souldiers, nevertheless the souldiers being poore and long behind of their contribution mony agreed, and five or 600 English followed Colonel Goring to Dunkirke, Newport, Ostend, and Graveling, where they now remaine till they be Shipt for England, there hath bin great meanes to the States that these Souldiers might bee permitted to passe through their Country and so take shipping for England, but the Queene nor the Ambassador can prevaile with the States for their consents therein. I have also here set you downe the summes of money raised amongst the Priests, Jesuites, Seminaries, Friers, Nuns, and holy Sisters through the land, and paid in to the Jesuites of St. Omers his Colledge towards the maintenance of his Majesties warres. And first as in order the English Cloyster at St. Omers,[446] the Jesuits have raised 3000 pounds, besides the Taxes they have imposed upon every Scholler 5l. a man being about 400, and that if any shall refuse the payment thereof to lose their Degrees in the House, and be for ever discharged for having any future benefit therein: in which Colledge the sum collected amounts about 3500l, Secondly at Ayres, the summe collected amounts unto 500l, Thirdly, at Beteone, the summe collected amounts unto 500l, Fourthly at Arras, the some of 2000l, Fifthly at the University of Doway 1000l, Sixtly at Gaunt, betweene the Colledge of English and Irish Priests, and the Matron of the Nunnes there, was Collected 500l, Seventhly at Durmount, 50l, eightly at Bruzels, from the Countesse of Westmoreland, and the Lady Babthorpe, Matrons of the holy Nuns, and the three Cloysters English, Irish, and Walloons, 3000l, Ninthly at Lovain, 1000l, Tenthly at Bridges, 300l, Eleventhly at Casteele, 200l, Twelfely at Newport 200l, Thirteenth at Ostend 100l, Fourteenth at Graveling, 100l, Fifteenth at Dunkerke, 500l, all which summes amounteth about 15000l, have bin Collected and in the hands of Father Browne the Head of St. Omers Colledges, besides 5000l more gathered from the Governours of every Towne Village or petty Dorpe, which makes the sum of 20 thousand pounds, all which is intended to be transported to his Majesty from Dunkirke, besides the weekely allowance the Colledges will disburse towards the maintenance of the five hundred Souldiers under the command of Colonell Goring during his Majesties warres with the Parliament....
IV
AFFAIRES ETRANGèRES ANG., T. 49
Walter Montague to Cardinal Mazarin (apparently)
La Haye 9 February 1642 [O.S.].
Les mesmes tempestes qu'ont rejette la Reyne en Hollande m'ont retenu icy car d'abord quelle fut partye le mauvais temps ne nous pouvoit rien promestre de meilleur sur son renvoy icy ce qua este le 9 iour apres son embarquement ayant endure le peril sept iours de tempeste continuelle n'ayant ramene que trois de ses vaisslaux en ayant perdu un avec tout son equipage descuyrie et les autres encore sont demeures en doute de leur salut: le peril ou elle a este, a este si grand quelle eut bien pu iustifier sa mort de peur mais Dieu luy a donne un soutien par sa grace: ... elle na iamais tesmoigne aprehension dans les preparatifs de la mort que pour les affaires de Dieu et du Roy son mary: les relations que les peres en font sont si extraordinaires quelle ont besoin dune telle authorité pour les faire croyables. Le iour apres quelle debarqua (ce quelle fit dans un petit bateau de pescheur trouve a la mer) elle receut nouvelle dune trahison decouverte dans son armee pour la livrer entre les mains des rebelles mais aussi beaucoup des instances de la part du Roy et du pays pour sa venue avec grand apparence de surete pour sa persone et grande aprehension de confusion dans les affaires sans l'assistance de sa presence tellement quelle se resoult contre tous les sentiments de son sexe et de sa sante mesme de se rambarquer au plus tost ... elle a fait grande perte dans ce naufrage mais elle a gagne dans l'opinion de tous les temoins ce quelle ne scauroit iamais perdre....
V
P.R.O. ROMAN TRANSCRIPTS
(To Cardinal Barberini)
Mon cousin,
Les bons effets que vous m'aues rendu de v[~re] amitie et particulierement en les vingt et cinque mille escus, que vous m'auez fourny par le Baron Herbert filtz du Marquis Wostre ont bien fait voyr le sentiment que vous auez des nos souffrances et de l'estat de nos affayres icy. Je vous supplye de croyre que comme j'embrasse auec une singuliere affection cette v[~re] bonne volonte envers nous, aussy vous fairray je paroystre la gratitude que j'en ay en toute occasion qui se presentera a ce fayre estant.
D'Oxford ce 20me de Septembre 1643.
(The transcriber notes that the hand is like that of the King and that the signature is "Vostre affectionnee cousine," instead of the Queen's usual "Vostre tres affectionnee cousine"; he also notes the use of the pronoun "nous.")
VI
ARCHIVES OF THE SEE OF WESTMINSTER
Endorsed Securitus in jurando. 1645.
Si ex una parte dignabitur regia Maiestus liberare Catholicus suos subditos à timore legum poenalium edictarum contra Recusantes ob causam Reliquiis eis qué certo et constanter concedere liberum usum Catholicae Religionis intra privatos parietes.
Dicti Subditi ex altera parte exhibent se parotos ex hac hora ad fidem et obedientiam suae maiestati perpetuò ac firmiter servandam sub solemni juramento; quantum libet augeatur Catholicorum numerus in posterum vel conspirent ullo tempore inter se quincunque Principes esterii ad restituendum, sen stabiliendum vi et armis publicum usum Catholicae religionis in hoc Regno.
Ad maius robur (si expedire videbitur) addi potest Breve pontificum, quod sine dubio sua Stas facile concedet, pro ratificatione seu confirmatione dicti juramenti.
VII
P.R.O. ROMAN TRANSCRIPTS
(To Innocent X)
Tressaint Pere,
Le sieur Crashau ayant esté Ministre en Angleterre et nourri dans les Universités de ce pais parmy des gens tres esloignes des sentiments de nostre Sainte Religion sest toutes fois par sa lecture et son estude rendu Catholique et pour en jouïr plus paisiblement l'exercise, s'est transporté en decà et vescu prés d'un an aupres de moy, ou par le bon example de sa vie il a beaucoup edifié tous ceux qui ont, conversé avec luy. Ce qui m'a convié s'en allant presentem à Rome d'escrire ce mot à vostre Ste pour la prier de le considerer comme une personne de qui les Catholique Anglois ont conceu de grandes esperances, et que j'estime beaucoup, et de luy departir ses graces, et faveurs aux occasions qui se presenteront. Ce que j'estim[~ea]y parmy les autres obligations particulieres que jay a V.S. Et sur ce je prie Dieu Tressaint Père quil conserve V.S. longues années pour le bien et utilité de son Esglise.
VIII
ARCHIVES OF THE SEE OF WESTMINSTER
Upon the Ground given in the 12th Proposall, printed August the first 1647, by authoritie from his Excellence Sir Thomas Fayrfax, that All the Penall statutes in force against Roman Catholickes shall be repealed.
And further that they shall enjoy the liberty of theyr consciencés, by Grant from the Parliament; It may bee enacted that it shall not be lawfull for any person or persons beeinge subiects to the Crowne of England to professe or acknowledge for truth, or perswade others to beeleive these ensuinge Propositions.
1
That the Pope or church, hath powre to absolve any person or persons whatsoeuer, from his or theyr obedience to the Civill Government established in this Nation.
2
That it is lawfull in it selfe or by the Popes dispensation to break eyther word or oath with any Heretickes.
3
That it is lawfull by the Pope, or churches command or dispensation to kill, destroy, or otherwise to iniure or offende any person or persons whatsoever because hee or they are accused, or condemned, censured, or exco[~m]unicated for Error, Schisme or Heresy.
The premises considered wee on the other side sett our hands that every one of these three propositions may bee lawfully answered unto in the Negative.
[446]The inaccuracies with regard to St. Omers are probably typical of those with regard to the other places. St. Omers was at this time very poor. The pupils numbered 60, not 400; the Superior's name was Port, not Browne.
There is no trace of such a collection in the records of Les Dames Anglaises at Bruges.
INDEX
Abercorn, James Hamilton, Earl of, 121
Aiguillon, Duchess of, 268
Alexander, Sir William, Earl of Stirling, 116
Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester, 109
Angus, William Douglas, Earl of, 114
Anne of Austria, Queen of France—
Wife of Louis XIII, 3;
disliked by Richelieu, 15;
relations with Buckingham, 15, 16, 22-4, 66-8;
intrigues against France, 131;
falls under Mazarin's influence, 207;
receives Henrietta in Paris, 219;
death of, 309, 310;
mentioned, 12, 34, 49, 208, 220, 225, 252, 260, 266, 273, 280, 283,
284, 286, 289, 293, 314
Ashburnham, John, 131
Aubert, Maurice, 56 n.
Ayton, Sir Robert, 69, 160
Banbury, Elizabeth, Countess of, 222
Barberini, Cardinal Francesco—
His interest in England, 110, 118;
Henrietta's letters to, 175-7;
policy with regard to Ireland, 231;
men., 121, 122, 124, 125, 136, 160, 163, 164, 178, 231, 243
Bassompierre, Marshal de—
His mission to England, 57-60;
men., 286, 287
Bellièvre, M. de, 143
Berkeley, Sir John, 240, 241
Bernini, 111
Berthaud, Eugénie Madeline, 290
Bérulle, Cardinal—
Sent to Rome to procure dispensation, 6;
friend of Mary de' Medici, 169;
Henrietta's confessor, 23;
character of, 21-2;
death of, 81;
men., 11, 23, 34, 38, 40, 45, 60, 76, 95, 96, 98, 103, 109, 110, 112, 169, 277
Blainville, Marquis de, 39-46
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne—
Preaches Henrietta's funeral sermon at Chaillot, 316;
men., 31, 202
Bouillon, Duke of, 232
Bristol, John Digby, 1st Earl of, 212
Bristol, George Digby, 2nd Earl of, 190, 196, 212, 224, 251
Brook, Sir Basil, 173
Browne, Sir Richard, 266, 292
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of—
Relations with Anne of Austria, 15, 16, 22, 23, 66-8;
his conduct to Henrietta and her household, 35 sqq.;
death of, 62;
men., 5, 7, 67, 130, 135, 137, 221, 310
Buckingham, Mary, Countess of, 25, 42, 79
Buckingham, Katherine, Duchess of, 139
Cary, Patrick, 249
Carlisle, James Hay, Earl of—
Ambassador at Henrietta's marriage, 5 sqq.;
men., 46, 50, 51, 57, 66
Carlisle, Lucy, Countess of, 66-8, 152, 157, 186, 191
Carter, Master, 205
Casimir, King of Poland, 314
Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II, 307-9
Caussin, Father, 282, 283
Chantal, Jeanne, Mother, 279, 285
Charles I, King of England—
His marriage, 4 sqq.;
harshness of, to his wife, 28 sqq.;
subserviency of, to Buckingham, 5, 38 sqq.;
gentleness of, to Catholics, 107 sqq.;
signs Strafford's death-warrant, 185;
final parting of, from his wife, 213;
takes refuge with Scotch, 238;
sold to English, 239;
in hands of Independents, 240;
execution of, 254;
men., passim
Charles II, King of England—
Birth of, 64, 65;
men., 147, 180, 219, 257, 261, 264, 265, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 316, 317
Chateauneuf, Marquis of—
His mission to England, 78 sqq.;
enemy of Richelieu, 80;
men., 84, 85, 89, 99, 221, 225
Chaulnes, Duchess of, 22
Chaulnes, Duke of, 19
Chevreuse, Mme de, 5, 16, 18, 21, 22, 30, 36, 49, 66, 80, 82, 85, 146, 147, 152, 158-60, 218, 219, 224, 225, 319
Chevreuse, Duke of—
Proxy for Charles at his marriage, 8 sqq.;
men., 159
Christine, of France, Duchess of Savoy, 2, 3, 135, 188, 267, 280, 303
Cholmondley, Sir Hugh, 205
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of, 235, 261, 265, 305
Clifford, William, 318
Con, George—
Arrives at Court, 122;
death of, 125;
men., 114-16, 123, 124, 129, 136-8, 149, 150, 160, 161, 164, 173
Cosin, John, Bishop of Durham, 137, 266
Cowley, Abraham, 221, 222
Crashaw, Richard, 221, 222, 249
Cromwell, Oliver, 239, 273-5
Culpepper, John Culpepper, Lord, 240, 241, 261
Cyprien de Gamache, Father, 100, 107, 254, 255, 306, 308
D'Avenant, Sir William, 154, 222, 238
Denbigh, Susan, Countess of, 68, 137, 181, 194, 200, 220, 222
Denbigh, William Fielding, Earl of, 181, 220
Denham, Sir John, 240
Des Anges, Mother, 133
D'Ewes, Sir Simonds, 74
Digby, Sir Kenelm—
Goes to Rome as Henrietta's ambassador, 231;
his conduct there, 233 sqq.;
men., 144, 145, 150, 164, 172, 173, 178, 180, 250 n.
Dorset, Frances, Countess of, 65
Douglas, Sir Robert, 114-17
Du Perron, Jacques Nowell—
Arrives in England, 100;
death of, 259;
men., 101, 128, 136, 197, 226-8, 266
Elizabeth of England, daughter of Charles I, 267
Elizabeth of England, Queen of Bohemia, 195, 212
Elizabeth of France, Queen of Spain, 2, 3, 230
Estrades, Count of, 143
Evelyn, John, 132, 266, 287
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 245
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, 132, 249
Faure, Francis, Bishop of Amiens, 314
Fayette, Louise de la—
Relations with Louis XIII, 280-5;
Superior of Chaillot, 295, 296;
friendship with Henrietta, 297;
death of, 299;
men., 286, 290, 293, 294, 298, 303
Fayette, Mme de la, 293
Felton, John, 62
FitzWilliams, Colonel, 229
Fontenay-Mareuil, Marquis of, 83, 84, 102
Ford, Sir Edward, 240
Gaston of France, Duke of Orleans, 8, 12, 17, 24-6, 49, 51, 81, 82, 219, 309
Goffe, Stephen, 223
Gondi, Jean François de, Archbishop of Paris, 9, 10, 286, 289, 295
Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, 109, 171
Goring, George Goring, Lord, 181-3
Grebner, Paul, 192
Gressy, M. de, 208, 223
Habington, William, 63
Hamilton, James Hamilton, Duke of, 64
Hamilton, Anne, Marchioness of, 137
Hamilton, Mary, 290
Hamilton, Sir William, 121, 163, 164
Hatton, of Kirby—
Christopher Hatton, Baron, 263, 271
Harcourt, Count of, 208, 209
Hobbes, Thomas, 222, 267
Holden, Henry, 248
Holland, Henry Rich, Earl of, 5, 6, 9 sqq., 61, 73, 83, 85-7, 117, 147, 162, 186, 212
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England—
Birth and early years, 1 sqq.;
her personal appearance, 4, 5, 74;
betrothal, 8;
marriage, 9 sqq;
departure for England, 17;
at Amiens, 19-23;
at Boulogne, 23-5;
sails for England, 26;
early relations with her husband, 28 sqq.;
her household, 30-3;
conduct of Buckingham to, 35 sqq.;
Charles' unkindness to, 41-5;
goes to Tyburn, 47;
her household expelled, 51-5;
her letter to Bishop of Mende, 53, 54;
her married happiness, 60-2, 91;
her children, 63, 65;
her friendships, 65, 66, 73;
her theatricals, 69-72;
her wardrobe, 74-6;
intrigues with Jars and Chateauneuf against Richelieu and Portland, 88;
development of her character, 88, 89;
her relations with English Catholics, 95 sqq.;
receives Capuchins, 99;
builds chapel at Somerset House, 101-3;
pleads with Charles for Catholics, 105;
sends Douglas to Rome, 114-17;
receives Panzani, 118;
sends Hamilton to Rome, 121;
her affection for Con, 123;
writes to Christine on Montagu's behalf, 135;
scene in her chapel, 140;
procures Jars' release, 144, 145;
writes urging Catholics to contribute to expenses of Scotch war, 150;
further development of her character, 152;
acts in Salmacida Spolia: relations with her mother, 158;
attempts to gain Cardinal's hat for Montagu, 160;
counsels calling of Parliament, 165;
relations with Richelieu, 169;
submits to Parliament, 174;
her letter to Barberini, 175-7;
efforts to keep open communications with Rome, 178;
refused a refuge in France, 180;
efforts to save Strafford, 181;
her share in army plot, 182;
last interview with Rosetti, 187;
accused of complicity in Irish rebellion, 190;
urges Charles to arrest five members, 191;
change in her character, 193;
goes to Holland, 194;
her activity there, 196;
letters to Charles, 198, 199;
shipwrecked, 200, 201;
reception at Burlington Bay, 203;
her military career, 204;
at Oxford, 205-13;
at Exeter, 214;
escapes to France, 215;
reception of, in Paris, 219;
asks for money from French clergy, 226;
intrigues with Confederate Catholics, 229 sqq.;
sends Digby to Rome, 231;
refuses to receive Rinuccini, 236;
weakness of her policy, 251;
grief on Charles' death, 255-7;
counsels Anne of Austria, 260;
head of "Louvre party," 261, 262;
attempts to convert Gloucester, 267-72;
claims her dowry, 273;
goes to convent in Rue S. Antoine, 279;
founds Chaillot, 286 sqq.;
her life there, 292, 296, 297;
her letter to nuns on death of Mother de la Fayette, 299;
her joy at the Restoration, 303;
returns to England, 305;
returns again to France, 306;
her last visit to England, 307;
last journey to France, 309;
her last years, 309;
death of, 311;
funeral of, 313-16;
her estate, 316, 317;
supposed marriage with Jermyn, 317 n.
Henrietta of England, Duchess of Orleans—
Birth of, 214;
marriage of, 307;
death of, 317;
men., 215, 253, 268, 272, 293, 296, 304, 309, 312, 315, 316
Henry IV, King of France, 1-3, 65, 92, 96, 105, 126, 128, 142, 174, 180, 194, 204, 211, 216, 253, 257, 272, 273, 280, 285, 308, 309, 312, 315
Henry of England, Duke of Gloucester—
Henrietta's attempt to convert him, 267-72;
death of, 304;
men., 169