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Hertfordshire

Chapter 3: MAPS
By Richard Lydekker
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About This Book

A detailed topographical and historical survey of an English county, describing its size, shape, boundaries, surface features, rivers, and watershed. It examines geology, soils, natural history, climate and rainfall, and their effects on agriculture, woodlands, and special cultivations. Chapters cover population, dialect, settlements, industries, manufactures, and formerly exploited minerals. Historical and antiquarian material traces prehistoric, Roman, and Saxon remains and outlines political and administrative development. Architectural chapters survey abbeys, churches, castles, manor houses and notable domestic buildings, illustrated with maps, diagrams and photographs. The work concludes with communications, transport routes, descriptions of chief towns and villages, and plates that clarify local topography.

Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

CONTENTS

  PAGE
1. County and Shire. The Name Hertfordshire. Its Origin and Meaning 1
2. General Characteristics of the County 4
3. Size. Shape. Boundaries 8
4. Surface and General Features 10
5. Watershed. Rivers 16
6. Geology and Soil 25
7. Natural History 38
8. Climate and Rainfall 50
9. People—Race, Dialect, Settlements, Population 57
10. Agriculture—Main Cultivations, Woodlands, Stock 62
11. Special Cultivations 67
12. Industries and Manufactures 70
13. Minerals—An Exhausted Industry 74
14. History of Hertfordshire 76
15. Antiquities—Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon 87
16. Architecture. (a) Ecclesiastical—Abbeys and Churches 97
17. Architecture. (b) Military—Castles 109
18. Architecture. (c) Domestic—Famous Seats, Manor Houses, Cottages 114
19. Communications—Past and Present. Roads, Railways, Canals 125
20. Administration and Divisions—Ancient and Modern 135
21. The Roll of Honour of the County 141
22. The Chief Towns and Villages of Hertfordshire 151

ILLUSTRATIONS

  PAGE
Modern Hertfordshire: Station Road, Letchworth 4
Ancient Hertfordshire: Thatched Cottages, Harpenden 5
An Old Farm-House near Wheathampstead 7
A Typical Hertfordshire Village: Much Hadham 12
Bancroft, Hitchin 15
Netting the Gade, Cassiobury Park 21
Bishop’s Stortford 24
View on the Downs looking towards Wallington from the Icknield Way 32
Six Hills, Stevenage (Danish Barrows) 39
Tring Park 46
French Row, St Albans 60
Ancient House at Welwyn, now the Police Station 62
A Hertfordshire Farm near Rickmansworth 64
A Lavender Field, Hitchin 69
Moor Park, near Rickmansworth 72
Canal and Lock, Rickmansworth 73
Monastery Gateway, St Albans 77
The Staircase, Hatfield House 83
Cassiobury 84
The Rye House: Portions of the Servants’ Quarters 86
Palaeolithic Flint Implement 89
Neolithic Celt of Greenstone 89
The Devil’s Dyke, Marford 92
Ancient Causeway, Verulam (St Albans) 93
Roman Wall in St Germans’ Meadow, Verulam 94
St Albans’ Abbey from the south side 95
St Peter’s, Tewin 99
St Mary’s, Cheshunt 100
St Helen’s, Wheathampstead 101
St Mary’s, Hemel Hempstead 102
St Albans’ Abbey 103
Ruins of Sopwell Nunnery, St Albans 106
The Priory, Hitchin 107
Courtyard in the Biggin Almshouses, Hitchin 108
The Priory, King’s Langley 109
Hatfield House, South Front 116
Knebworth House 117
Water End Farm near Wheathampstead 118
Christ’s Hospital School, Hertford 119
The Grammar School, Hitchin 120
An Old Malting House, Baldock 121
Chequer’s Yard, Watford 122
The “Fighting Cocks,” St Albans 123
Waltham Cross 124
The Ermine Street at Hertford Heath 126
The Icknield Way, showing a Ford between Ickleford and Wilbury Hill 127
High Street, Stevenage 129
View on the Great North Road, Codicote Village 130
Watford 131
The Grand Junction Canal near Hemel Hempstead 133
Haileybury College 134
The Shire Hall, Hertford 139
The Salisbury Statue, Hatfield 143
Cecil Rhodes’s Birth-place, Bishop’s Stortford 144
Ruins of Verulam House, the Residence of Francis, Viscount St Albans 145
Francis Bacon, Viscount St Albans 146
Charles Lamb 148
William Cowper 149
Bishop’s Stortford and the River Stort 155
The College Chapel, Haileybury 157
Letchworth, Open Air School 162
Shrine of St Amphibalus, St Albans’ Abbey 165
Diagrams 170

MAPS

Hertfordshire, Topographical Front Cover
” Geological Back Cover
England and Wales, showing Annual Rainfall 55

CREDITS

The illustrations on pp. 7, 32, 60, 62, 64, 83, 86, 92, 93, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102, 106, 108, 109, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 130, 133, 139, and 143 are reproduced from photographs by The Homeland Association, Ltd.; and those on pp. 4, 12, 15, 24, 39, 46, 69, 72, 73, 77, 99, 103, 107, 117, 120, 129, 144, 145, 155, 161, and 165 are from photographs by Messrs F. Frith & Co., Ltd., Reigate. Messrs H. W. Taunt & Co., of Oxford, supplied the views on pp. 21, 84 and 131; Mr A. Elsden, of Hertford, those on pp. 134 and 157; and Mr H. Valentine, of Harpenden, the one on p. 5.