Historical Record of the Forty-sixth or South Devonshire Regiment of Foot / Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in 1741 and of Its Subsequent Services to 1851

In July 1816, Serjeant Broadfoot, and sixteen rank and file were detached from the head-quarters of the corps at Sydney into the interior of the country, to protect the inhabitants from the natives, and were employed on this service until December of the same year, during which period their conduct was such as to call forth the thanks of Major-General Macquarie, from whom Serjeant Broadfoot received a certificate approving of his "zeal and activity during his services against the natives."

After chasing the bushrangers for six months, Corporal McCarthy and his party, in July, came up with the main body, consisting of eleven desperate characters, and headed by a deserter from the seventy-third regiment, named Geary. They were all armed, each with a musket and a brace of pistols, and well supplied with ammunition. The corporal and his men, now reduced to five, engaged them for an hour and a half, when the leader of the bushrangers being mortally wounded, his followers endeavoured to escape; two, however, were taken, tried, and executed. The corporal and his men received one hundred pounds for Geary, and twenty-five pounds for each of the other two, and were highly recommended by Lieut.-Governor Sorrell for their zeal, courage, and perseverance.

On the 10th of August following, this small party again came up with the remainder of the banditti. Their leader was shot during the action, and another of his followers was wounded, and made prisoner.

On the 8th of September, 1817, the regiment embarked in three divisions at Sydney Cove on board the "Matilda," "Lloyd," and "Dick" transports, and arrived at Madras on the 16th of December following. On the 29th of that month the regiment marched for Vellore.

The regiment arrived at Vellore on the 8th of January, 1818, and on the 26th of September following proceeded from thence en route to the Presidency of Madras, and arrived at Fort Saint George on the 12th of October.

Previously to the FORTY-SIXTH quitting Vellore an Order was issued by Colonel Hall, commanding the troops at that garrison, in which he stated "that during the period the regiment had been in the garrison, he had not had occasion to confine or pass a censure on any rank," and then added, "that a stronger proof cannot be offered of the excellent interior arrangement and discipline of the corps."

On the 1st of July, 1820, the regiment commenced its march from Fort Saint George for Bellary, in the Ceded Districts, and arrived at that station on the 10th of August following.

A detachment of the regiment, consisting of two captains, five lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, twenty serjeants, four drummers, and four hundred rank and file, marched from Bellary, for Belgaum, on field service in the Doab, on the 1st of October, 1820, and arrived at its destination on the 23rd of that month.

During the years 1821, 1822, and 1823, the head-quarters of the regiment continued to be stationed at Bellary.

On the 31st of October, 1824, a detachment of the regiment, consisting of one captain, four lieutenants, eight serjeants, nine corporals, two drummers, and a hundred and forty-four privates, under the command of Captain Charles Dawe, proceeded from Bellary towards the southern Mahratta country, and was joined on the 10th of November by a second detachment of the FORTY-SIXTH from Belgaum, under the command of Captain William Nairn, consisting of one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, five serjeants and one hundred rank and file.

The remainder of the detachment from Belgaum, under the command of Major (Brevet-Lieut. Colonel) Thomas Willshire, joined the above, on the 2nd of December, before the Fort of Kittoor, which place was in a state of insurrection. The fort being reduced, the detachment from Belgaum returned to that station on the 15th of December, leaving the detachment under Captain Dawe before Kittoor.

On the 16th of December, 1824, the following Division Order was issued by Major-General Hall, commanding the ceded districts, on his inspecting the regiment:—

On the 7th of February 1825, the grenadier company, and head-quarters of the regiment, marched from Bellary for Cannanore, under the command of Major James Wallis, leaving two companies at Bellary. The detachment under Captain Dawe marched on the same day from Kittoor to Belgaum, where it was joined by two other companies, and proceeded from Belgaum to Vengoolah on the 16th of February, the whole under the command of Captain Alexander Campbell, and embarked at that port for Cannanore, where they arrived on the 28th of that month. The head-quarters of the regiment arrived at Cannanore on the 17th of March, under the command of Major Wallis, Lieut.-Colonel Archibald Campbell (the senior Lieut.-Colonel), having been appointed to the command of the provinces of Malabar and Canara.

The remainder of the regiment marched from Belgaum under the command of Major (Brevet Lieut.-Colonel) Willshire, for Bellary, and arrived at that station on the 18th of March, 1825.

The following Provincial Order was issued by Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, commanding the provinces of Malabar and Canara, on the inspection and review of the regiment at Cannanore on the 31st of May, 1826:—

The detached wing of the regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Willshire, marched from Bellary on the 22nd of July, 1826, and arrived at Secunderabad on the 21st of August following.

The head-quarters, under the command of Captain William Mallet, marched from Cannanore on the 2nd of November, 1826, and arrived at Secunderabad on the 12th of January, 1827.

The regiment remained at Secunderabad during 1827, and the five following years.

On the 24th of June 1829, instructions were received for reducing the establishment of the regiment, from the 25th of the previous December, to the following numbers; namely, forty-five serjeants, fourteen drummers, and seven hundred and forty rank and file.

Arrangements having been made for the relief of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, a General Order was issued permitting the soldiers to volunteer to other corps serving in India. The volunteering was opened at Secunderabad on the 9th of November, and was finally closed on the 17th of December, 1832, when two hundred and thirty-seven men had volunteered their services to other regiments of His Majesty's service stationed in the Madras Presidency.

The regiment afterwards proceeded to Masulipatam, where it arrived on the 17th of January 1833, and while on the march the following General Order by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council was received:

Four companies of the regiment, consisting of one captain, two lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, thirteen serjeants, four drummers, and one hundred and sixty-seven rank and file, under the command of Captain Donald Stuart, embarked at Madras, on board the "Red Rover" on the 4th of March 1833, disembarked at Gravesend on the 25th of August 1833, and marched to Canterbury barracks, where they arrived on the 28th of August, and were consolidated with the depôt company.

The head-quarters of the regiment, consisting of two captains, four lieutenants, one paymaster, one quartermaster, one assistant surgeon, twenty-three serjeants, seven drummers, and two hundred and sixteen rank and file, under the command of Captain Robert Martin, embarked at Masulipatam on the 5th of March 1833, disembarked at Margate and Whitstable on the 6th and 7th of September, from whence they marched to Canterbury.

Colonel Archibald Campbell, C.B., being in command of the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, was not relieved from that duty in time to proceed with the regiment, but embarked at Madras on the 18th of March 1833, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 18th of August following.

One company of the regiment, consisting of two lieutenants, four serjeants, two drummers, and sixty-eight rank and file, under the command of Lieutenant James Taylor, embarked at Madras on the 27th of May 1833, disembarked at Gravesend on the 28th of September, and marched from thence to join the head-quarters of the regiment at Canterbury.

On the 12th of November the following letter was addressed by the Adjutant-General to Colonel Campbell, in reference to the distinction of Red Feathers, conferred upon the light company for its share in the attack upon General Wayne on the 20th of September 1777, as narrated at page 24.

On the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd of April 1834, the regiment proceeded from Canterbury to Weedon, where it arrived in the beginning of May.

In September following, the regiment marched from Weedon to Liverpool for embarkation for Ireland, and arrived at Dublin on the 3rd of October. The regiment subsequently proceeded to Newry.

The head-quarters marched on the 30th of January 1835, from Newry for Belfast, where they arrived on the 2nd of February. While stationed at Belfast, the regiment furnished several detachments to aid the civil power.

The regiment, under the command of Colonel Archibald Campbell, C.B., marched from Belfast for Enniskillen on the 16th of May 1836, and was again ordered to furnish detachments in aid of the civil power. In October following, the regiment marched from Enniskillen for Dublin.

Orders having been received to hold the FORTY-SIXTH regiment in readiness for foreign service, it was formed into six service and four depôt companies. The service companies, under the command of Colonel Archibald Campbell, C.B., proceeded to Cork in September 1837, and the head-quarters embarked at the Cove of Cork, on the 26th of that month, on board the "Prince Regent" transport. The remaining three companies, under the command of Major Robert Garrett, embarked on the 5th of October on board the "Arab" transport; the former arrived at Gibraltar on the 18th of October, and the latter in November.

On the 6th of April 1838, Lieut.-General Sir John Keane, K.C.B., was removed from the sixty-eighth to the Colonelcy of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, in succession to General Henry Wynyard, deceased.

In June 1838, the depôt companies embarked at Kinsale for England, and arrived at Plymouth on the 27th of that month.

On the 1st of August 1839, Lieut.-General John Ross was appointed, from the ninety-eighth, to be Colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, in succession to Lieut.-General Sir John Keane, who was removed to the forty-third regiment.

The depôt companies embarked at Plymouth for Jersey on the 5th of August 1839; and in June 1841 proceeded to Ireland.

On the 20th of January 1842, the service companies embarked at Gibraltar for Barbadoes, in the "Java" transport, and arrived at their destination on the 25th of February. They were afterwards encamped on the Savannah until the 18th of April. Upon the embarkation of the fifty-second regiment, the FORTY-SIXTH moved into the Stone Barracks, but, on the fever breaking out, encamped on the 2nd of December at the Naval Hospital.

On the 15th of January, 1843, the head-quarters, under the command of Captain Child, embarked on board the "Dee" steamer for St. Vincent, where they arrived on the 16th of that month, and marched to Fort Charlotte. The other companies were stationed at St. Lucia, Dominica, and Berbice.

The grenadier company at Berbice suffered severely from yellow fever, and also the head-quarters, which were compelled to leave Fort Charlotte, and encamp at Townan's-pasture, about three miles distant.

Her Majesty was pleased to appoint General the Earl of Stair, from the ninety-second, to be Colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, on the 31st of May, 1843, in succession to Lieut.-General John Ross, C.B., deceased.

On the 15th of October, 1844, the head-quarters sailed from St. Vincent for Barbadoes, where the grenadier company had also arrived. The companies from Dominica and St. Lucia arrived at Barbadoes in December.

The regiment embarked on the 3rd of February, 1845, on board the "Resistance" for Nova Scotia, and disembarked at Halifax on the 25th of that month, when it was quartered in the South Barracks.

On the 7th of July, 1845, the regiment embarked, on board the troop ship "Apollo," for Canada East, and anchored at Quebec on the 20th, when it was transhipped into the "Canada" steamer on the 22nd, and arrived at Montreal on the 23rd of July; the regiment then proceeded in the "Prince Albert" steamer for La Prairie, about nine miles from Montreal.

The regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H., proceeded on the 9th of October, 1846, to Kingston, in Canada West, and occupied the Tête-de-Pont Barracks.

On the 25th of September, 1847, the head-quarters of the regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H., proceeded from Kingston in the "Highlander" steamer, and was followed on the next day by the second division, under the command of Major Robert Campbell, in the "Passport" steamer, for Montreal, on passage for Quebec, where, on arrival, the regiment was immediately transhipped to the "Belle-Isle," and proceeded to Nova Scotia, where it arrived on the 16th of October.

The service companies of the regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H., embarked on board the ship "Herefordshire," for England, on the 8th of April, 1848, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 8th of May. The service companies proceeded to Dover, where they were joined by the depôt companies from Guernsey, under Major John Maclean.

In July, 1848, the regiment proceeded to Liverpool, and afterwards marched into camp at Everton. On the 29th of September the head-quarters were removed to Chester, and in December proceeded to Liverpool.

On the 16th of April, 1850, the head-quarters and four companies proceeded from Liverpool to Hull, where the regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Robert Garrett, K.H., was stationed on the 1st of April, 1851, the date to which the present record has been continued.

CONCLUSION.

The scene of the principal active services of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, from its formation in 1741, until the present period, has been limited to North America and the West India Islands.

After the unsuccessful attach on Fort Ticonderago in July, 1758, the regiment shared in the capture of Fort Niagara on the 25th of July, 1759, and of other forts in Canada, which led to the surrender of Montreal on the 8th of September, 1760; and thus completed the conquest of that country,—Quebec having been acquired, in September of the preceding year, by the troops detached under Major-General Wolfe.

In February, 1762, the regiment shared in the capture of Martinique, which was followed by the reduction of Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent; and in August following was present at the conquest of the Havannah, which last acquisition was restored to Spain at the Peace of 1763.

The regiment embarked in 1776, for North America, and shared in several actions of the war with the United States until November, 1778, when it proceeded to the West Indies, and participated in the capture of St. Lucia in December following.

During the years 1795 and 1796, the regiment was employed in the campaign against the Caribs in St. Vincent, a severe and harassing service.

While other regiments had the opportunity of encountering the French legions in other parts of the world, the FORTY-SIXTH was employed in protecting the colonial possessions of Great Britain; how efficiently this duty was performed is testified by the word "Dominica," conferred by Royal authority, for the gallant defence made by the regiment against a very superior French force on the 22nd of February, 1805. The language of Lieut.-General Sir John Hope, when reporting the battle of Corunna, is alike applicable to the conduct of the troops at Dominica, for there, as at the former place,—

The flank companies of the FORTY-SIXTH formed part of the troops which reduced Martinique in February, 1809, and thus the services of the regiment were a second time connected with the conquest of that island.

In 1810, the flank companies of the regiment shared in the reduction of Guadaloupe, and were honorably mentioned in the despatches.

In 1811, the regiment arrived in England from the West Indies, and in 1813 embarked for New South Wales, from which country it proceeded, in 1817, to the East Indies, and returned to Great Britain in 1833.

The regiment embarked for Gibraltar in 1837; proceeded to the West Indies in 1842, and to North Americain 1845, whence it returned, in 1848, to England.

Services of the foregoing description, combined with excellent conduct in quarters at home and abroad, during a period of upwards of a century, have deservedly acquired for the regiment the approbation of the Sovereign, and the confidence of the Nation.

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 1851
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SUCCESSION OF COLONELS

OF

THE FORTY-SIXTH,

OR

THE SOUTH DEVONSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT,

ORIGINALLY NUMBERED

THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.

John Price.

Appointed 13th January, 1741.

Mr. John Price obtained a commission of ensign in a regiment of foot in 1706; and subsequently rose to the rank of Captain and Lieut.-Colonel in the First Foot Guards. In January, 1741, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SEVENTH (now FORTY-SIXTH) regiment, which was then being raised. In June, 1743, Colonel Price was removed to the fourteenth regiment of foot, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General on the 6th of June, 1745. During the campaign of 1747, he commanded a brigade of infantry in the Netherlands, under His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, and highly distinguished himself at the battle of Val, or Laffeld, near Maestricht, on the 2nd of July of that year. His brigade was posted in the village of Val, and his gallantry during the action was commended by the Duke of Cumberland in his public despatch. He died in November following at Breda, in Holland.

The Honorable Thomas Murray.

Appointed 23rd June, 1743.

This Officer was promoted by His Majesty King George II. from the Third Foot Guards to be colonel of the FIFTY-SEVENTH (now FORTY-SIXTH) regiment, upon Colonel Price being removed to the fourteenth foot in June, 1743. Colonel the Honorable Thomas Murray was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 1st of April, 1754, and to that of lieut.-general on the 19th of January, 1758. His decease occurred in November, 1764.

William Viscount Howe, K.B.

Appointed 21st November, 1764.

This distinguished officer was the fifth son of Emanuel Scrope Viscount Howe, and commenced his military career as a cornet in the Duke of Cumberland's regiment of light dragoons, in which he was promoted to a lieutenancy on the 21st of September, 1747. The regiment was disbanded in 1749, shortly after the conclusion of the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which was signed in October of the preceding year. He was promoted to the rank of captain in the twentieth regiment on the 1st of June, 1750, and to that of major in the sixtieth (afterwards fifty-eighth) regiment on the 4th of January, 1756. On the 17th of December, 1757, he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the fifty-eighth regiment. During the "Seven Years' War," he served in America under Major-General Wolfe with great reputation, and was advanced to the brevet rank of colonel on the 19th of February 1762. Colonel the Honorable William Howe was appointed by King George III. to the colonelcy of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment on the 21st of November 1764. His Majesty also advanced him to the rank of major-general on the 25th of May, 1772. Major-general the Honorable William Howe was appointed to succeed General Gage in the chief command of the British Forces in America shortly after the commencement of the War of Independence, and arrived at Boston with Major-Generals Clinton and Burgoyne in May, 1775. Major-General the Honorable Sir William Howe, K.B., was appointed by His Majesty, colonel of the twenty-third Royal Welsh Fusiliers, from the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, on the 11th of May, 1775. He commanded at the attack on Bunker's Hill on the 17th of June following, was besieged in Boston during the winter, evacuated that town in the spring of 1776, and retired to Halifax, in Nova Scotia. On the 1st of January, 1776, he received the local rank of General in North America. In June he arrived at Staten Island, where he was joined by his brother Admiral Richard Lord Howe. The brothers here informed the American Congress, that they had received full power to grant pardon to such as should return to their obedience; but the Commissioners appointed by that body declined the proposition as unworthy of attention. In August, he defeated the Americans at Long Island, and took possession of New York in September, 1776. After the campaign in the Jerseys, in 1777, Sir William Howe sailed from Sandy Hook and entered Chesapeake Bay. Having previously secured the command of the Schuylkill, he crossed it with his army, and defeated the Americans at Brandywine on the 11th of September, and at Germantown on the 4th of October, 1777. On the 29th of August, 1777, His Majesty advanced him to the rank of lieut.-general. In the spring of 1778, he returned to England, having resigned the command of the army to General Sir Henry Clinton. On the 21st of April, 1786, Sir William Howe was removed to the colonelcy of the nineteenth (late twenty-third) Light Dragoons, which he retained until his decease. On the 12th of October, 1793, Sir William Howe was promoted to the rank of general. In 1799, he succeeded to the Irish peerage held by his brother Richard Earl Howe, the celebrated Admiral; and in 1805 he was appointed Governor of Plymouth. General William Viscount Howe died on the 12th of July, 1814, in the eighty-fifth year of his age.

The Honorable Sir John Vaughan, K.B.

Appointed 11th May, 1775.

Lieut.-Colonel Commandant the Honorable John Vaughan, who distinguished himself at the capture of Martinique in February, 1762, was appointed from the ninety-fourth, Royal Welsh Volunteers (since disbanded) to be lieut.-colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment on the 25th of November, 1762, in succession to Lieut.-Colonel John Young, who retired. Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable John Vaughan was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army on the 25th of May, 1772, and His Majesty King George III. appointed him to the colonelcy of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment on the 11th of May, 1775, upon Major-General the Honorable Sir William Howe, K.B., being removed to the twenty-third, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Colonel Vaughan embarked with his regiment for North America in the beginning of the year 1776, and, for his services during the American war, was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 29th of August, 1777, and was advanced to that of lieut.-general on the 20th of November, 1782. In 1792 His Majesty conferred upon him the dignity of a Knight of the Order of the Bath. Lieut.-General the Honorable Sir John Vaughan died on the 30th of June, 1795, at which period he was Commander in Chief of the troops stationed in the Leeward Islands.

Sir James Henry Craig, K.B.

Appointed 1st August, 1795.

James Henry Craig was appointed ensign in the thirtieth foot, in 1763, and served with his regiment at Gibraltar: in 1771 he was promoted to captain in the forty-seventh regiment, with which corps he served several campaigns in America; and in 1777 he was promoted to the majority, and in 1781 to the lieut.-colonelcy, of the eighty-second regiment, from which he was removed, in 1783, to the sixteenth. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1790, and to that of major-general in 1794; in August, 1795, he was nominated to the colonelcy of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment; he was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general in 1801, and removed to the eighty-sixth in 1804. He commanded an expedition to the Mediterranean, in 1805, with the local rank of general, and the dignity of a Knight of the Bath; the troops under his orders landed at Naples, and subsequently took possession of the island of Sicily. In 1806 he was removed to the twenty-second regiment; and in 1807 he was appointed Governor of Upper and Lower Canada, with the local rank of General in America; in 1809 he was removed to the seventy-eighth Highlanders. He was also appointed Governor of Blackness Castle. He died on the 12th of January, 1812.

John Whyte.

Appointed 5th January, 1804.

This officer commenced his military career, in 1761, as an ensign in the Thirty-eighth regiment, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the fifty-sixth regiment on the 9th of February, 1762, and to that of captain on the 25th of March, 1771. He was promoted from the fifty-sixth to be major in the eighty-third regiment (afterwards disbanded) on the 23rd of December, 1777. Major Whyte was promoted to the rank of lieut.-colonel in the sixth regiment of foot on the 3rd of April, 1782, and received the brevet rank of colonel on the 12th of October, 1793. On the 26th of February, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and on the 24th of April following, His Majesty King George III. appointed him to the colonelcy of the First West India regiment. Major-General Whyte was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general on the 29th of April, 1802, and on the 5th of January, 1804, he was appointed colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment. On the 1st of January, 1812, he was advanced to the rank of general. The decease of General John Whyte occurred on the 30th of March, 1816.

Henry Wynyard.

Appointed 1st April, 1816.

The early services of this officer are connected with the first regiment of foot guards, in which he was appointed ensign on the 6th of June, 1778, and in which he rose to the rank of captain on the 4th of June, 1781. In February, 1793, he embarked with the brigade of guards for Holland, and advanced with the army through Flanders. In May following he returned to England, having been promoted to a company with the rank of lieut.-colonel in the preceding month. In November, 1794, he rejoined the British army in the neighbourhood of Arnheim, and after the retreat of that winter, he embarked for England. On the 3rd of May, 1796, he received the brevet rank of colonel; and early in 1798 was appointed to the command of a flank battalion, formed from the grenadiers of the brigade of guards, and in August, 1799, landed at the Helder under General Sir Ralph Abercromby. Colonel Wynyard was present in every action during that expedition except the last; in that of the 19th of September near Bergen he was wounded. On the 29th of April, 1802, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in May, 1803, was placed upon the staff of Great Britain, being appointed to the command of a brigade of guards in the Southern District. In September, 1806, Major-General Wynyard embarked with a brigade of guards and other troops destined for Sicily, in which Island he was placed in command upon the southern coast. In January, 1808, he arrived in England, and was again placed upon the staff in the Southern District. On the 25th of April, 1808, he was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general, and in June was appointed to the staff of Ireland, which he held until the 24th of January, 1812. On the 15th of September, 1808, His Majesty King George III. conferred upon him the colonelcy of the sixty-fourth regiment, from which he was appointed colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment on the 1st of April, 1816. Lieut.-General Wynyard commanded the forces in North Britain from the 28th of July, 1812, to the 24th of April, 1816, and on the 12th of August, 1819, was advanced to the rank of general. General Wynyard was also a member of the Consolidated Board of General Officers, and a Groom of the Bedchamber to His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, now King of Hanover. General Wynyard died on the 3rd of April, 1838, after a lengthened service of sixty years.

Sir John (afterwards Lord) Keane, G.C.B., & G.C.H.

Appointed 6th April, 1838.

This officer entered the army at an early age, and on the 12th of November 1794, was promoted to the rank of captain in the hundred-and-twenty-fourth regiment, afterwards disbanded. Captain Keane was placed on the half-pay of the seventy-third regiment on the 11th of March 1795, and on the 7th of November 1799 he was removed to the forty-fourth regiment, which he joined at Gibraltar. During the campaign in Egypt, Captain Keane served as aide-de-camp to Major-General Lord Cavan, and was present in the actions near Alexandria, on the 13th and 21st of March 1801. On the 27th of May 1802, he was promoted to the rank of major in the sixtieth regiment; he remained in the Mediterranean on the staff until March 1803, when he returned to England. Major Keane was promoted to the rank of lieut.-colonel in the thirteenth foot on the 20th of August 1803, which regiment he joined at Gibraltar early in 1804. Lieut.-Colonel Keane afterwards served under Lieut.-General George Beckwith, in the expedition against Martinique in 1809, and was present at the siege of Fort Desaix, which surrendered on the 24th of February, of that year, and completed the capture of the island. In January 1812, he received the brevet rank of colonel, and on the 25th of June following, he was removed to the sixtieth regiment. His reputation was then such that immediately on his arrival at Madrid, he was appointed to command a brigade in the third division of the army under the Marquis of Wellington, in which he served until the end of the war with France, in 1814, and was present at the battles of Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle and Orthes; the action at Vic Bigorre, battle of Toulouse, besides other minor actions. For his services he was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 4th of June 1814, and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Bath. The honors which Major-General Keane had now acquired were the Egyptian Medal, and a cross and two clasps for Martinique, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, and Toulouse. In August 1814, he was appointed to a command ordered for particular service, and on his arrival at Jamaica, being senior officer, he assumed the command of the military force destined to co-operate with Vice-Admiral the Honorable Sir Alexander Cochrane for the attack on New Orleans and the province of Louisiana. On the morning of the 23rd of December, Major-General Keane effected a landing within nine miles of New Orleans, and the same night, with only eighteen hundred bayonets on shore, repulsed a serious attack of five thousand of the enemy, assisted by three large armed vessels on their flank. He held the command until the 25th of December, when Major-General Sir Edward Pakenham arrived, and assumed the command of the entire army. Major-General Keane was then appointed to the third brigade, and was present in the affairs of the 28th of December and 1st of January, as also at the assault made in the enemy's fortified lines on the morning of the 8th of January 1815, when he was severely wounded in two places. Sir John Keane afterwards passed eight years in Jamaica (from 1823 to 1831), as major-general commanding the forces in that island; and, during a year and a half of the time, he administered the civil government likewise. The colonelcy of the ninety-fourth regiment was conferred upon him on the 18th of April 1829, and on the 22nd of July 1830, he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general; on the 13th of April, 1831, he was appointed colonel of the sixty-eighth regiment; and in the year 1833, he succeeded Lieut.-General Sir Colin Halkett in the command of the army at Bombay: on the 6th of April 1838, Lieut.-General Sir John Keane was appointed colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment. After nearly six years' service in the Bombay presidency, on the 29th of October 1838, he received authority from the government of India to organise and lead into Scinde a force intended to co-operate with the army then on the north-west frontier of India, under the command of General Sir Henry Fane. In December following Sir Henry Fane forwarded his resignation to head-quarters, and the command of the combined forces devolved upon Sir John Keane, who was now called upon to lead a considerable army, and to conduct operations requiring much discretion, delicacy, and tact in dealing with those half-friendly powers, whose existence is one of the greatest difficulties in the government of a semi-civilized land. After penetrating the Bolan Pass, the troops arrived on the 27th of April 1839 at Candahar, from whence they proceeded to Ghuznee, which was captured by their gallant exertions on the 23rd of July following. This completed the conquest of Affghanistan; and Shah Shoojah-ool-Moolk, after an exile of many years, was restored to the throne of his ancestors. Lieut.-General Sir John Keane, K.C.B., was removed from the FORTY-SIXTH to the forty-third regiment on the 1st of August 1839. For his services during the expedition to Cabool, Lieut.-General Sir John Keane was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honorable Military Order of the Bath, and on the 11th of December, was raised to the peerage as Baron Keane, of Ghuznee in Affghanistan, and of Cappoquin, county of Waterford, and obtained a pension of two thousand pounds a-year for his own life and that of his two immediate successors in the peerage, added to which he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, and other marks of public approbation. These honors were not long enjoyed by Lieut.-General Lord Keane, who died in the sixty-fourth year of his age, at Burton Lodge, Hampshire, on the 26th of August 1844.

John Ross, C.B.

Appointed 1st of August, 1839.

Lieut.-General Ross commenced his military career as an ensign in the thirty-sixth regiment, his commission being dated 2nd of June 1793; was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the fifty-second regiment on the 8th of May 1796, and to that of captain on the 11th of January 1800. Captain Ross served with the expedition against Ferrol under Lieut.-General Sir James Pulteney in August following, and was engaged with the enemy. On the 15th of August 1804, he was promoted to the rank of major in the fifty-second regiment, and obtained the rank of lieut.-colonel in the army on the 28th of January 1808, and was promoted lieut.-colonel in the fifty-second regiment on the 18th of February following. Lieut.-Colonel Ross commanded the second battalion of the fifty-second regiment at the battle of Vimiera, on the 21st of August 1808, for which he received a medal; and also during the campaign in Spain under Lieut.-General Sir John Moore, which ended by the battle of Corunna on the 16th of January 1809. Lieut.-Colonel Ross in July following commanded five companies of the fifty-second regiment, which formed part of the force under Lieut.-General the Earl of Chatham, employed in the expedition to the Scheldt. Lieut.-Colonel Ross subsequently proceeded to the Peninsula, and commanded the first battalion of the fifty-second at the actions of Pombal, Redinha, Miranda de Corvo, Foz d'Arronce and Sabugal, and at the battle of Fuentes d'Onor. On the 18th of July 1811, he was removed to the sixty-sixth regiment, and in August following he was appointed Deputy Adjutant-General to the forces in Ceylon, from whence he returned to Europe in June 1814 for the benefit of his health; was promoted to the brevet rank of colonel on the 4th of that month; and was subsequently appointed Deputy Adjutant-General in Ireland. In June 1815, he was nominated a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and on the 12th of August 1819, Colonel Ross was appointed Commandant of the Depôt at the Isle of Wight. On the 27th of May 1825, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and on the 14th of August 1828, was appointed Lieut.-Governor of Guernsey, which he held until the 31st of March 1837. His Majesty King William IV. appointed Major-General Ross to be colonel of the ninety-eighth regiment on the 30th of May 1836; on the 28th of June 1838, he was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general. In August 1839, Lieut.-General Ross was removed to the FORTY-SIXTH regiment. The decease of Lieut.-General Ross, C.B., occurred at Southampton on the 17th of May 1843.

John Earl of Stair, K.T.

Appointed from the Ninety-second regiment
on the 31st of May, 1843.

London: Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street,
For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

APPENDIX

BRITISH AND HANOVERIAN ARMY AT WATERLOO,

as formed in Divisions and Brigades on the 18th of June, 1815.