INDEX
- Ægospotami, slaughter of Athenian prisoners at, 194
- Æschylus, 191
- Ahriman, 124
- Ahura Mazda, 124
- Almsgiving, 281, 368
- Altruism, Greek and Roman, 175, 215;
- Christian, 279
- Amélineau, 44
- Amos, 145
- Amphictyonic League, 194
- Amusements, humanizing of, 369
- Ancestor worship, as a moral force, 13;
- in China, 54;
- in Japan, 78
- Angell, Norman, 376 n. 5
- Animal ethics, Brahmanic, 103;
- Buddhist, 119;
- Zoroastrian, 129;
- Mohammedan, 292;
- Christian, 357;
- influence of evolutionary science upon, 358
- Aphrodite, 171
- Aquinas, Thomas, 318, 325
- Arbitration among the Greeks, 195
- Arhat, the, 113
- Aristotle, views of, on war against non-Greeks, 180;
- ethical system of, 202–204;
- views of, on slavery, 203
- Asceticism, general fostering causes of, 267;
- Christian fostering causes of, 268
- Assur-natsir-pal, 51
- Athleticism, Greek moral elements in, 177
- Aurelius, Marcus, Meditations of, 239, 247
- Autolycus, 185
- Bagehot, 287
- Beccaria, 345, 370
- Benevolence, Roman, 236
- Blood feud, 20
- Brahma, the impersonal, 96;
- the personal, 96
- Brahmans, the, 97, 101, 102
- Breasted, Professor, 31, 39 n. 3
- Buckle, Henry T., 1, 2
- Buddha, 111;
- ethical content of his message, 116
- Buddhism, in Japan, 79;
- the four truths of, 106;
- the eightfold path of, 110;
- influence of, on the military spirit, 120
- Bury, J. B., 174
- Bushido, ideal of, 79, 80–82;
- influence of, 87;
- in action, 88, 89
- Cannibalism, 26;
- celestial, 26 n. 3
- Castes, Hindu, 97
- Charity, Christian, 279–282;
- Moslem, 296
- Chinese cashiers in Japan, 90 n. 2
- Christianity, doctrinal, ethical ideal of, 261;
- limitations of the ideal of, 264
- Chrysostom, Dion, 243
- Cicero, 215;
- contempt of, for manual labor and merchandizing, 224
- City state, as the mold of Greek morality, 169;
- Roman, 213;
- effect of decay of, on Greek and Roman morals, 204, 221
- Class morality, 344
- Clemency, Roman virtue, 249
- Clovis, Frankish chieftain, 303
- Cluny, 313
- Collective responsibility, 18–20;
- doctrine of, repudiated by Hebrew prophets, 159;
- principle of, as embodied in Church code rejected by the modern conscience, 364;
- a survival of, in modern war code, 378 n. 1
- Competition, in primitive society, 14
- Confucianism, 53
- Confucius, 60
- Conscience, new social, nurtured in the medieval towns, 330, 331;
- purification in modern times, 364–371;
- new international, 371–382
- Constantine the Great, 302
- Continuance theory, 35–37;
- in the Greek moral evolution, 187
- Corn, moral effects of free distribution of, at Rome, 224
- Cosmopolitanism, growth of, in Hellenistic Age, 209;
- in the Roman Empire, 236–240
- Courage, altruistic element in, 22, 175
- Courtier, ideal of the, 328–330
- Criticism, higher, 335
- Crusades, as ideal of knighthood in action, 309
- Cuba, our dealings with, 373
- Customary morality, 18
- Cynics, 210
- Darius I, inscriptions of, 134
- Davids, Rhys, 109, 114, 120
- Delphi, relation of, to Greek morality, 172
- Democracy, effect of its incoming upon moral evolution, 340;
- ethics of, 344–347
- Demonax, 208
- Demonism, Babylonian, 46;
- Chinese, 55
- De Officiis of Cicero, 238
- Deuteronomy, dual morality of, 151
- Dionysus, 171
- Double standard in morality, 22–24
- Dualism, religious, Egyptian, 32;
- Persian, 123
- Duel, international, 332;
- judicial, see Wager of battle
- Education, in Japan, 91–93;
- its relation to morality, 345;
- transferred from Church to State, 346
- Election, race, 174
- Elijah, 143
- Elis, consecrated to peace, 197
- Elisha, 143
- Elysian Fields, 187, 188
- Envy of the gods, doctrine of, 189
- Epictetus, 247, 248, 250
- Epicureanism, 207
- Evolution, disturbing effects of doctrine upon morals, 341;
- egoistic tendencies of the doctrine, 354;
- altruistic factor in, 350
- Fabiola, 281
- Fall of man, dogma of, 259
- Family ethics, Greek, 181;
- Roman, 212, 214;
- Mohammedan, 291
- Festivals, Hebrew, moralization of, 149
- Figgis, J. Neville, 378, 380
- Filial piety, Chinese virtue, 61
- Filipinos, American treatment of, 373–375
- Gambling, prohibited by the Koran, 291
- Geneva Convention of 1864, 376
- George, Henry, 350 n. 1
- Gesta Romanorum, 310
- Gladiatorial combats, demoralizing effects of, 225;
- suppression of, 277;
- the last in Colosseum, 381
- Gladstone, William E., 360
- Golden Rule, as stated by Confucius, 67
- Green, T. H., 11
- Gresham’s Law in morals, 378
- Grotius, Hugo, 375
- Group, kinship, 12
- Guatama, see Buddha
- Hades, gradual moralizing of, 187–189
- Hammurabi, code of, 49
- Hearn, Lafcadio, 84
- Heresy, viewed as a contagion, 325
- Higher criticism, 335
- Hillel, 168
- Holy Grail, 311
- Holy Virgin, moral influence of veneration of, 311
- Homeric Age, morals of, 185
- Hopkins, Edward W., 114
- Hosea, 146
- Hospital, first Christian, 281
- Hospitalers, the, 308
- Hospitality, 24
- Howard, John, 370
- Howe, Julia Ward, 324
- Humanitarianism, growth of, in Hellenistic Age, 208;
- in pre-Christian, of Roman Empire, 234–236;
- advance of, in modern times, 369–371
- Ideal, moral, defined, 5;
- causes which determine, 7–10
- Ilus, prince of Ephyra, 172
- Immortality, emergence of doctrine of, in Israel, 164–166;
- its ethical value, 257
- India, Government of India Act, 373
- Industrial virtues, Persian, 128;
- disesteemed by the Greeks and Romans, 182, 223;
- cradled in the medieval towns, 330;
- effects upon, of the dissolution of the monasteries, 337
- Industrialism, modern, relation to morals, 341;
- ethics of, 347–353;
- modern, alliance of industry and science, 347;
- divorce of industry and ethics, 348
- Infanticide, in China, 73;
- condemned by Christian teaching, 278;
- in Greece, 181
- Inheritance, limitation of, 351
- Inquisition, 324–326
- Insanity, regarded as demon possession, 282
- Intellectual progress, relation of, to moral progress, 342
- International law, relation of, to municipal law, 372
- Intertribal morality, beginnings of, 22–29
- Intolerance, Jewish, 163;
- Christian, 265, 324;
- Mohammedan, 294
- Intoxicating liquors, use of, prohibited by Koran, 292, 296
- Inventions, relation of, to moral progress, 341
- Iona, 280
- Iron virgin of Nuremberg, 381
- Isaiah, 147;
- the Second, 157, 161
- Isis, worship of, in Roman Empire, 252
- Ixion, 187
- Jeremiah, 151
- Jesus of Nazareth, relation of, to moral history of West, 260
- Judgment of Dead, Egyptian, 36;
- Persian, 130
- Justice, Greek virtue of, 176
- Juvenal, 235
- Karma, 108
- Ka-statues, 34
- Kidd, Benjamin, 2
- Knighthood, ideal of, 306–309;
- contribution of, to moral heritage of Christendom, 311
- Koran, ethics of, 289–292
- Labarum, 302
- Land values, property in, 349
- Legge, James, 68, 69
- Leonidas, 176
- Lex talionis, 21
- Lindisfarne, 280
- Machiavelli, 326–328
- Machiavellism in politics, 326–328;
- in economics, 348
- Malta, Knights of, 310
- Mandarin morality, 69
- Melians, 192
- Mencius, 60
- Mendicant Orders, 316–318
- Micah, 148
- Milvian Bridge, battle of, 302
- Mithra, 125
- Mithraism, propaganda of, in Roman Empire, 253
- Mohammed, 288, 290
- Mohammedanism, moral code of, 289–292
- Monasteries, cradle of modern social conscience, 276;
- dissolution of, 336
- Monastic ideal, 270;
- discredited by Protestant Reformation, 336
- Monasticism, Buddhist, 118;
- Christian, 267–287
- Monopoly in land, 350
- Monotheism, ethical, emergence of, in Israel, 158, 159
- Morley, Lord, 377
- Nature, Law of, 240
- Negative Confession, 37
- Nemesis, doctrine of, 190–192
- Nietzsche, 355, 356
- Nirvana, 109
- Nonresistance, Christian teaching of, 301, 302
- Occupation, influence of, on morals, 9
- Oisin, 272 n.
- Opium trade with China, 373
- Ordeals, 304
- Orphic doctrines, 174
- Orthodoxy, regarded as saving virtue, 261
- Osiris, myth of, 32
- Pachomius, 44
- Patria potestas, 212
- Paulsen, Friedrich, 5 n. 1
- Peace of God, 312
- Peace, universal, an ideal of Hebrew prophets, 146, 147
- Peloponnesian War, effects of, on Greek morality, 194, 195 n. 1
- Penitential psalms, Babylonian, 47
- Penitentiary system, 371
- Persecution of Christians by pagan Roman emperors, 245
- Pessimism, in Brahmanic system, 99;
- in Buddhist, 107
- Petrie, Flinders, 39
- Philipson, David, 168 n. 1
- Philo, 168
- Pindar, 179, 186, 188
- Plato, 200–202
- Plutarch, 210, 249
- Poisoned arrows, disuse of, 27, 172
- Polygamy, accepted as ethical by Mohammed, 291
- Private war, restrictions on, 312–314
- Prophetism, Hebrew, different elements of, 142
- Psychical research, import of, for morals, 359
- Ptah-hotep, 40
- Purgatory, effect of abolition of, upon morals, 337, 362
- Pythagoras, 186
- Pythagoreanism, 115
- Ra, son-god, 31
- Ransom of war captives, 315
- Red Cross Society, 376
- Reformation, Protestant, 333–339
- Refuge, cities of, 154
- Religion, relation of, to morals, 9, 14
- Renaissance, influence of, on the moral evolution, 320, 322–324
- Retribution theory, 35–37;
- in Greek moral evolution, 188
- Revenge, duty of, 20;
- a Greek virtue, 183;
- how regarded by Roman moralists, 249
- Right belief regarded as a virtue, 334
- Ritual morality, in India, 106;
- in Israel, 151–154, 162
- Ruth, the Moabitess, 156
- Sabbath, 150, 260
- Sacrifice, in Brahmanic system, 100;
- in Israel, 138
- St. Ambrose, 303
- St. Augustine, 284, 303
- St. Boniface, 280
- St. Columba, 280
- St. Dominic, 316, 317
- St. Francis, 316, 317
- St. Gall, 280
- St. Patrick, 272
- St. Wilfred, 280
- Saints, Lives of the, 309
- Samurai, 80, 82, 87–91
- Sappho, 178
- Schmidt, Nathaniel, 154 n. 2, 260 n. 1
- Scholasticism, ethics of, 318
- Science, ethics of, 353–360
- Scott, James Brown, 372 n. 1
- Self-redress, a survival of, in international law, 378 n. 1
- Seneca, 239, 243, 247, 249, 250
- Set, Egyptian god, 32
- Shammai, 168
- Sheol, 139
- Shinto cult, 78
- Single tax, 350 n. 1
- Slave trade, suppression of, 364–366
- Slavery, in ancient Egypt, 41;
- among the Hebrews, 156;
- in Greece, 180, 203;
- Roman, 223;
- ameliorations of, under pagan Roman emperors, 243;
- influence of Christianity upon, 282;
- under Islam, 290, 295;
- prisoners of war sold as slaves, 314;
- origin of word “slave,” 315;
- abolition of African, 366
- Smith, W. Robertson, 12
- Social ethics, 364–371
- Socialism, 352
- Socrates, 197–200
- Stoicism, 206, 209;
- influence of, upon Roman government and law, 241–243;
- as a moral force, 241;
- teachings of, Christian in tone, 246–248;
- insufficiency of, as guide to the masses, 251;
- contrasted with Machiavellism, 328
- Stoics, views of, on slavery, 203
- Suicide, among the Japanese, 85;
- among the Romans, 250;
- condemned by Christianity, 279
- Synagogue, 163, 164
- Tantalus, 187
- Taoism, 56
- Telemachus, Christian monk, 381 n. 1
- Temperance, Greek virtue of, 176
- Templars, the, 308
- Terence, 238
- Theology, moralization of, 360, 361
- Thirty Years’ War, 375
- Thucydides, 192
- Toleration, under Buddhism, 112, 120;
- influence of doctrinal Christianity upon virtue of, 285;
- how affected by the Protestant Reformation, 338
- Towns, medieval, as molders of morals, 321, 330
- Transmigration, 98
- Truce of God, 312–314
- Truthfulness, virtue of, Japanese lack of reverence for, 85;
- highly esteemed by the Persians, 128, 132–134;
- low estimation of, among Greeks, 184
- Tyrannicide, among Japanese, 86;
- views of Roman moralist on, 249
- Ulfilas, bishop, 304
- Unearned increment, 349
- Universalism, ethical, pre-Christian, 236
- Urban II, Pope, 305
- Usury, 155
- Veracity, fostered by science, 353
- Vergil, 235
- Vicarious suffering, doctrine of, 160
- Wager of battle, 304;
- disuse of, 331, 332
- War, abolition of, a moral issue, 376;
- abrogation of the ordinary moral code by, 377;
- obsolescence of, as school of morals, 380
- War ethics, as group morality, 20;
- as survival from barbarism, 20;
- beginning of rules of, 25–29;
- Egyptian, 42;
- Assyrian, 51;
- Chinese, 65;
- Brahmanic, 104;
- Greek, 193–195;
- Roman, 245 n. 1;
- Mohammedan, 290, 294;
- syncretism of pagan war ethics and Christian peace ethics, 300–306;
- influence of martial ethics of Islam upon Christian ethics, 305;
- progress in, in Middle Ages, 314–316;
- progress in, in modern times, 375, 376;
- atavistic character of war code, 378;
- unfavorable reaction of, upon peace code, 378–380
- Wealth, moral effects of unequal distribution of, 228
- Wedgwood, Julia, 9
- Wellhausen, 3
- Wisdom, Greek virtue of, 176
- World state, ethical basis of, 220
- Wundt, Wilhelm, 5
- Zarathustra, 126
- Zeno, 206
- Zoroaster, see Zarathustra