This history surveys the development of botanical knowledge from early herbals through the gradual consolidation of morphology, phytotomy (plant anatomy), and vegetable physiology, showing how classification based on form, internal structure, and life processes developed largely independently before becoming more integrated. The author relies on critical readings of original works to separate enduring contributions from transient reputation, privileging thinkers who converted empirical observation into theoretical insight. By tracing shifting questions, methods, and priorities, the narrative follows the transformation of botany from descriptive compilation toward a more explanatory, theory-driven science.