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History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2) / From 1850 to 1910 cover

History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2) / From 1850 to 1910

Chapter 16: INDEX
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About This Book

The volume surveys chemical advances from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth, tracing discovery of many new elements and inert gases and the emergence of radioactivity and radium; it examines refinement of atomic and molecular theory, methods for determining atomic weights, and the kinetic and thermodynamic treatment of gases and liquefaction. It presents the Periodic Law, concepts of valency and structural formulas, developments in aromatic chemistry, stereochemistry and optical activity, and expanding techniques of organic synthesis, with discussion of experimental methods, industrial applications, and portraits and bibliographies of principal investigators.

INDEX

  • Abel, 184
  • Abney, 185
  • Absolute zero, 97
  • Acetanilide, 159
  • Aceto-acetic ester, 148
  • Actinium, 59
  • Adrenaline, 160
  • Agurin, 158
  • Alizarin, 162
  • Alkaloids, 132
  • Allyl alcohol, 4
  • Alyhine, 160
  • Ammonium chloride, dissociation of, 66
  • Ampère, 62
  • Anderson, 133
  • Andrews, 70, 95, 183
  • Aniline blue, 4
  • Aniline purple, 4
  • Antimony, origin of name, 28
  • Antipyrin, 159
  • Argon, 43, 45, 46
  • Argyrodite, 37
  • Armstrong, E. F., 151
  • Armstrong, H. E., 183
  • Aromatic compounds, 121, 123
  • Arrhenius, 179, 180
  • Arsine-dimethyl, 20
  • Artiads, 116
  • Asymmetry, 141
  • Atmolysis, 84
  • Atomic value, 114
  • Atomic weight, determination of, 75
  • Atomicity, 114
  • Atropine, 135, 162
  • its synthesis 135
  • Australene, 130
  • Autoracemisation, 144
  • Avogadro, 62
  • his hypothesis, 63
  • Baeyer, 125, 129, 161, 163
  • Balard, 139
  • Baly, 129, 151
  • Bamberger, 147
  • Barbier, 154
  • Barlow, 184
  • Basarow, 157
  • Basicity, 16
  • Becquerel, Henri, 52
  • Behrend, 157
  • Benzene, 123
  • its constitution, 123 et seq., 128
  • Benzidam, 3
  • Berberine, 136
  • Bernoulli, Daniel, 82
  • Berthelot, Daniel, 82, 183, 184
  • Berthollet, 183
  • Berzelius, 63
  • Biot, 138
  • Bitter almond oil, 7
  • Blagden, Sir Charles, 72
  • Boisbaudran, Lecoq de, 36, 38, 39
  • Boltzmann, 83
  • Bone oil, 133
  • Boron, specific heat of, 71
  • Boyle’s law, 84–87
  • Brauner, 33
  • Bredt, 129, 130
  • Brieger, 161
  • Brühl, 149, 151
  • Bunsen, Robert W., 18, 34, 43, 185
  • Bunsen burner, 22
  • Cacodyl, 20
  • Cadaverine, 161
  • Cæsium, 21, 34
  • Caffeine, 157
  • Cahours, 4, 132
  • Cailletet, 96
  • Camphene, 131
  • Camphor, 130, 131, 162
  • Cannizzaro, Stanislao, 64, 79
  • Carbon, atomic weight of, 75
  • specific heat of, 71
  • tetravalency of, 115
  • Carbon carbonyl, 155
  • Carbon suboxide, 155
  • Carnelley, 108
  • Carnolite, 58
  • Cavendish, 43, 45
  • Cayley, 120
  • de Chancourtois, 102
  • Chloral hydrate, 159
  • Choline, 161
  • Cinchonine, 137
  • Clausius, 83, 179
  • Cleve, 38, 47
  • Cleveite, 47
  • Cocaïne, 136, 162
  • Codeine, 137
  • Coindet, 8
  • Collie, 49, 128
  • Condensation, 152
  • Conine, 162
  • Conservation of mass, law of, 78
  • Coumarin, 132, 162
  • Critical point, 94
  • Critical pressure, 95
  • Crookes, Sir William, 35, 40, 75
  • Curie, Marie, 55
  • Cyanic acid, 7
  • Cyanuric acid, 7
  • Debierne, 59
  • Decipium, 40
  • Delafontaine, 49
  • Demarçay, 30
  • Desch, 151
  • Deville, 184
  • Dewar, 71, 96, 127
  • Dexter, 157
  • Didymium, 40
  • Digitalis, 10
  • Disintegration theory, 54
  • Dixon, 184
  • Dobbie, 151
  • Doebner, 134
  • Dumas, Jean B. A., 8, 9, 30, 31, 63, 75, 102, 130
  • Duppa, 148
  • Dysprosium, 38
  • Edestin, 169
  • Electrolysis, 179
  • Elements, nomenclature of, 27
  • Emanation from Radium, 58
  • Emanium, 60
  • Enantiomorphism, 140
  • Enzymes, 144
  • Ether, discovery of its constitution, 12, 17
  • Etherin theory, 10
  • Europium, 39
  • Favre, 183
  • Fenton’s reagent, 154
  • Findlay, 151
  • Fischer, Emil, 158, 165, et seq.
  • Fittig, 153
  • Fluorine, 33, 34
  • Formulæ, chemical, significance of, 68
  • Frankland, 114, 116, 148
  • Fuchsine, 4
  • Fumaric acid, 146
  • Gadolinium, 39
  • Gallium, 36, 107
  • Gases, kinetic theory of, 83
  • law of diffusion of, 84, 89
  • liquefaction of, 94
  • molecular theory of, 79
  • Gas-mantles, 40
  • Gay Lussac, 63, 80
  • Geometrical isomerism, 146, 147
  • Gerhardt, 79, 113
  • Germanium, 37, 107
  • Geuther, 148
  • Gibbs, Willard, 184
  • Giesel, 60
  • Gladstone, 30, 102, 184
  • Gmelin, 7, 63, 102
  • Gore, 33
  • Graebe, 162
  • Graham, Thomas, 2, 14, 23, 29, 83
  • Grignard’s reagent, 154
  • Groth, 184
  • Guldberg, 183
  • Guye, 81
  • Haarmann, 132
  • Hæmoglobin, 168
  • Hantzsch, 147
  • Hartley, 151
  • Haüy, 139
  • Heliotropin, 132
  • Helium, 43, 47, 49
  • Helmholtz, 117
  • Henry’s law, 173
  • Hermann, 26
  • Herschel, 140
  • Hess, 181, 183
  • Heumann, 163
  • Heymann, 163
  • Hillebrand, 47
  • Hittorf, 179
  • Hofmann, August W., 3, 67, 133, 161
  • Holmium, 38
  • Hoogewerff, 133
  • Horbaczewski, 157
  • Hübner, 127
  • Hydrogenium, 16
  • Hyoscyamine, 135
  • Ilmenium, 26
  • Indigo, 162, 164
  • Indigo blue, 163
  • Indium, 36
  • Ingenhousz, 185
  • Ionisation, 178
  • Ionium, 58
  • Ionone, 132
  • Irone, 132
  • Isoborneol, 131
  • Isoconine, 134
  • Isoquinoline, 133
  • Isotonic solutions, 178
  • Jones, H. C., 183
  • Jones, H. O., 147
  • Kahlenberg, 183
  • Kammerlingh Onnes, 49, 97
  • Kekulé, Friedrich August, 23, 113, 114, 121, 123, 125, 153
  • Kiliani, 165
  • Kipping, 147
  • Kirchhoff, 21
  • Knorr, 128, 151, 159
  • Koenigs, 133
  • Kohlrausch, 182, 183
  • Komppa, 129
  • Kopp, 172
  • Körner, 127
  • Krüss, 40
  • Krypton, 43, 50
  • Krystallin, 3
  • Kundt, 46
  • Laar, 149
  • Lactic acid, spatial representation of, 141
  • Ladenburg, 127, 134, 147, 161
  • Lamy, 35
  • Landolt, 78, 184
  • Langlet, 49
  • Larmor, Sir J., 184
  • Lauder, 151
  • Laurent, 79
  • Le Bel, 143, 147, 148
  • Leduc, 80, 81
  • Le Royer, 8
  • Leucol, 133
  • Liebermann, 162
  • Liebig, Justus von, 5
  • Linnemann, 127
  • Liquid diffusion, 16
  • Liquids, molecular volumes of, 172
  • Lossen, 172
  • Lowry, 151, 183
  • Low temperature research, 97, 39
  • Lutecium, 89
  • Magenta, 4
  • Magnus, 79
  • Maleic acid, 146
  • Mansfield, 3
  • Marignac, 39, 75
  • Mauve, 4
  • Maxwell, 83
  • Medlock, 3
  • Mellitic acid, 7
  • Membranes, semi-permeable, 176
  • Mendeléeff, 30, 102, 109, 183
  • Mercury forms a monatomic gas, 71, 92
  • Metaphosphoric acid, 14
  • Meyer Lothar, 103
  • Meyer, Victor, 67, 147
  • Mitscherlich, 63, 138
  • Moissan, 33
  • Molecule, integral, 62
  • Molecules, their number, 93
  • their size, 93
  • Monium, 40
  • Morley, 80
  • Morphine, 137
  • Mosander, 39
  • Multirotation, 145
  • Muscarine, 161
  • Muspratt, 4
  • Mutarotation, 145
  • Naphthalene, 163
  • Narceïne, 136
  • Narcotine, 136
  • Nasini, 184
  • Natanson, 157
  • Neodymium, 39
  • Neon, 43, 50
  • Neoytterbium, 38
  • Neurine, 161
  • Newlands, 102
  • Nicotine, 135, 162
  • Nilson, 37, 40, 107
  • Nirvanine, 160
  • Nitrogen compounds, stereo-isomerism of, 147
  • Novocaïne, 160
  • Odling, 30, 114
  • Oil of wintergreen, 162
  • Olszewki, 96
  • Opianic acid, 136
  • Organic synthesis, 152
  • Orthoforms, 160
  • Osmotic pressure, 176
  • Ostwald, 182
  • Oxyhæmoglobin, 167
  • Ozone, 70
  • its symbol, 70
  • Papaverine, 136
  • Partial pressure, law of, 173
  • Pasteur, 139
  • Peachey, 148
  • Pelopium, 26
  • Penny, 75
  • Periodic law, 101
  • Perissads, 116
  • Perkin, Sir William, 3, 129, 131, 132, 162
  • Pettenkofer, 30
  • Pfeffer, 176, 185
  • Phenacetin, 159
  • Phenylglycin, 163
  • Phosphorous oxide, molecular weight of, 73
  • Phosphorus pentachloride, 66
  • Phosphorus pentafluoride, 67
  • Phthalic acid, 163
  • Pickering, 183
  • Pictet, 96, 135
  • Pinene, 130, 131
  • Pinner, 135
  • Piperine, 134, 162
  • Plattner, 35
  • Playfair, 20
  • Pollucite, 35
  • Pope, 147, 184
  • Posselt, 135
  • Praseodymium, 38
  • Pringsheim, 185
  • Protamines, 168
  • Proteins, 165
  • Prout’s law, an illusion, 76
  • Ptomaines, 161
  • Pyridine, 133
  • Quinine, 137
  • Quinoline, 133
  • Racemic acid, 140
  • Racemism, 143
  • Radio-thorium, 60
  • Radium, atomic weight of, 58
  • discovery of, 55
  • disintegration of, 58
  • emanation, 58
  • extraction of, 55
  • Radium chloride, 57
  • Ramsay, Sir William, 44, 47, 173
  • Raoult, 72, 178
  • Rayleigh, Lord, 44, 81
  • Regnault, 43, 79, 88, 157
  • Reich, 36
  • Reimann, 135
  • Richards, Theodore, 77
  • Richter, 36
  • Rodger, 184
  • Roosen, 157
  • Roozeboom, 184
  • Rosaniline, 4
  • Roscoe, 21, 30, 117, 185
  • Rose, 26
  • Rotatory power, 144
  • Rubidium, 21, 34
  • Runge, 133
  • Rutherford, 59
  • Salicylic acid, 162
  • Salmine, 168
  • Samarium, 40
  • Sarcine, 157
  • Sarcolactic acid, 140
  • Saturated solutions, 174
  • Saussure, 43
  • Scandium, 37, 107
  • Scheele, 33, 140, 185
  • Schiff, 172
  • Schischkoff, 21
  • Schmidt, 83
  • Schmiedeberg, 161
  • Scott, 80
  • Selmi, 161
  • Senebier, 185
  • Sesquiterpenes, 129
  • Silbermann, 183
  • Silicon, specific heat of, 71
  • Skraup, 133
  • Solute, 175
  • influence of, on boiling-point, 71
  • on freezing-point, 71
  • on vapour pressure, 73
  • Sonstadt, 153
  • Soret, 70
  • Spectrum analysis, 21
  • Stas, 75
  • Steric hindrance, 151
  • Stovaïne, 160
  • Strecker, 102, 158, 161
  • Sugars, 165
  • Sulphonal, 159
  • Supersaturated solutions, 174
  • Tait, 70
  • Tautomerism, 149
  • Terebenthene, 130
  • Terpenes, 129
  • Tetanine, 161
  • Tetronal, 159
  • Thallium, 35
  • Thebaine, 137
  • Thénard, 43
  • Theobromine, 157
  • Thioacetic acid, 127
  • Thomsen, Julius, 51, 108, 183
  • Thomson, Sir J. J., 184
  • Thomson, Thomas, 3
  • Thorium, 60
  • Thorpe, 172, 184
  • Thulium, 38
  • Thyreoglobulin, 169
  • Tiemann, 129, 132
  • Traube, 176
  • Travers, 50
  • Trional, 159
  • Triphenylrosaniline, 4
  • Troost, 184
  • Turner, Edward, 2, 14, 75
  • Turpentine, oil of, 129
  • Tutton, 184
  • Type theory, 18
  • Typhotoxine, 161
  • Unverdorben, 3
  • Uranium, 54
  • Uranium X, 54
  • Urbain, 40
  • Urea, synthesis of, 157, 158
  • Uric acid, 158
  • Valency, 112
  • Vanadium, 30
  • Van der Waals, 95, 184
  • Van Dorp, 133
  • Vanillin, 132, 162
  • Van ’t Hoff, 117, 141, 145, 147, 173, 177
  • Veronal, 159
  • Verquin, 4
  • Victorium, 40
  • “Vital force” doctrine, 169
  • Vogel, 185
  • Von Miller, 134
  • Waage, 183
  • Wallach, 129
  • Warburg, 46
  • Waterston, 83
  • Weber, 71
  • Weisbach, 37
  • Welsbach, Auer von, 38
  • Werner, 147
  • Williamson, Alexander W., 14, 16, 113
  • Winkler, 107
  • Wintergreen, oil of, 132
  • Wislicenus, 140
  • Wöhler, Friedrich, 5, 7
  • Wollaston, 63
  • Wroblewski, 96
  • Wurtz, 153
  • Xanthine, 157
  • Xenon, 43, 51
  • Zein, 169
  • Zinin, 3