History of Geography

INDEX

• Abruzzi, Duke of, 114, 126
• Abu Zaid, 40
• Abyssinia, 44, 54, 108, 110, 111
• Adam of Bremen, 36
• Adams, William, 71
• Adare, Cape, 131
• Adélie Land, 130, 133
• Ægean civilisation, 4
• Æschylus, 10
• Afghanistan, 115
• Africa, 5, 7, 13, 27, 31, 39, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 99, 113,107–14
• African Association, 108, 146
• Agartharchides of Cnidus, 23
• Agassiz, Alexander, 144
• Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, 25
• Alaska, 78
• Albert Edward, Lake, 113
• —— Nyanza, 111, 113
• Alexander Island, 128
• —— the Great, 20
• Alfred the Great, 37
• Alleghany Mts., 67
• Almagro, Diego, 66
• Al-Mamun, Caliph, 39
• Alonzo, Martin, 59
• Amazon, River, 62, 66, 67
• America. See North America, South America
• Amundsen, Capt Roald, 127, 133
• Amur, River, 72
• Anaximander, 9
• Anaximenes, 9
• Andrada, Antonio, 72
• Andree, 137
• Angelus, Jacobus, 54
• Angola, 53
• Antarctic regions, 81, 128–134
• Antilles, 61
• Antillia, 56, 58
• Antipodes, 23, 36
• Antœci, 23
• Antonine Itinerary, 26
• Apianus, Peter, 97, 99, 104
• Arabia, 13, 73, 117
• Arabs, 39
• Arctic regions, 44, 74, 122
• Aristagoras, 9
• Aristotle, 19
• Arkansas, 69
• Arrowsmith, Aaron, 104
• Asia, 9, 13, 20, 27, 39, 42, 71, 72
• Asia Minor, 7, 8, 71
• Astrolabe, 90
• Atlantis, 18, 56
• Australia, 69, 83, 85, 87, 89, 117–21
• Avila, Gil Gonçalez de, 64
• Azores, 50, 52
• Azov, Sea of, 14, 30
• Babbage, 120
• Babylonia, 3
• Bäcklund, O., 138
• Bacon, Roger, 43
• Baeyer, 77, 136
• Baffin Bay, 123
• —— Land, 77
• ——, William, 77, 123
• Bahr-el-Ghazal, 114
• Baker, Samuel, 111
• Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, 64
• Balleny, John, 129
• Baltic Sea, 21, 30, 41
• Baluchistan, 115
• Barents, William, 79
• Barlæus, Kaspar, 84
• Barrow, Pt., 123
• ——, Sir John, 122
• Barth, H., 109
• Bartholomew, John, 138
• Bass, George, 117
• —— Strait, 117
• Batavia, 87
• Beatus, 39
• Beaufort Sea, 128
• Beaumont, Elie de, 139
• Bede, the Venerable, 36
• Behaim, Martin, 57
• Behm, 137
• Bellingshausen, Fabian von, 89, 128
• Bengal, 104
• Benin, Bight of, 6
• Bent, J. T., 117
• Berghaus, H., 137
• Bering Strait, 80, 122
• ——, Vitus, 80
• Berlinghieri, Francesco, 55
• Bertrand, M., 139
• Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 136
• Best, Capt., 71
• Bianco, Andrea, 56
• Bienewitz, Philip, 102
• Biogeography, 140
• Biscoe Is., 129
• ——, John, 129
• Blache, Vidal de la, 138
• Black Sea, 14, 30, 49
• Blue Nile, 103
• Blunt, Wilfrid, 117
• Bonvalot, 116
• Borchgrevink, C. E., 131
• Bornu, 109
• Borough, Stephen, 79
• Borysthenes, River, 14
• Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, 85
• Bouguer, Pierre, 96
• Bouvet Is., 86, 131
• ——, Lozier, 86
• Bower, Hamilton, 116
• Boyle, George, 73
• Brahmaputra, River, 115
• Brazil, 56, 60, 62, 66, 82
• Britain, 5, 6, 21, 30, 37, 118
• Brooke, J. M., 142
• Bruce, James, 108
• ——, W. S., 132
• Brunel, Olivier, 79
• Buache, P., 101
• Buchanan, T. Y., 143
• Burckhardt, J. L., 117
• Burke, Robert, 121
• Burroughs, Christopher, 71
• Burrus, 101
• Burton, R. F., 110, 117
• Button, Sir Thomas, 77
• Byron, John, 85
• Cabot, John, 61, 75
• ——, Sebastian, 79
• Cabral, 62
• Cadamosto, Aloise, 52
• Cæsar, Julius, 24
• Caillié, R., 109
• California, Gulf of, 65
• Cameron, Lovett, 113
• Canada, 67
• Canary Islands, 18, 27, 52
• Cano, Sebastian del, 65
• Canton, 69
• Cão, Diogo, 53
• Cape of Good Hope, 5, 53, 68
• Cape Verde Islands, 52
• Carpentaria, Gulf of, 70, 118
• Carpenter, Nathanael, 105
• Carpini, Joannes de Plano, 42
• Carteret, Philip, 85
• Carthage, 5
• Cartier, Jacques, 66
• Cartography. See Map-making
• Caspian Sea, 30, 39, 49, 71
• Cassini, J. and D., 95, 104
• Catalan map, 50
• Catalonians, 49
• Cavendish, Sir Thomas, 67
• Ceylon, 31, 50, 57
• Chad, Lake, 109
• Challenger, 130, 143
• Champlain, Samuel, 67
• Chancellor, Richard, 79
• Charcot, J. B., 132
• Chelyuskin, Lieut. T., 80
• Chile, 66
• China, 3, 30, 34, 43, 44, 71, 117
• Chorography, 104
• Chronometer, 97
• Chrysoloras, Emanuel, 54
• Cintra, Pedro de, 52
• Clapperton, H., 109
• Clarke, Capt., 122
• Cluverius, Philip, 105
• Coats Land, 132, 133
• Cochin-China, 72
• Columbus, Christopher, 56, 59
• Compass, 48
• Condamine, Charles de la, 96
• Congo Free State, 113
• —— River, 53, 103, 113, 114
• Cook Archipelago, 88
• Cook, Captain James, 78, 87, 103, 122
• Coppermine River, 78
• Cordova, Hernandez de, 64
• Cortereal, Gaspar, 75
• Cortez, 65
• Covilhão, Pedro de, 53
• Crates of Mallus, 23
• Crete, 4, 18
• Cross-staff, 91
• Crozet Is., 86
• Cruquius, M. S., 101
• Crusades, 42, 48
• Cuba, 61
• Cunningham, 119
• Cyrus, 17
• Dahna, 117
• d’Ailly, Cardinal, 56
• Dampier, William, 85
• Danes, 125, 127
• Danfrie, 93
• D’Anville, J. B. B., 103, 108
• Darling, River, 119
• Darwin, Charles, 146
• ——, Sir George, 139
• David, T. W, E., 132
• Davis, Edward, 84
• ——, John, 70, 77
• —— Strait, 77
• Deasy, Capt. H. H. P., 116
• Debes, 137
• Delisle, 9, 103
• De Long, 127
• Democritus of Abdera, 17
• d’Entrecasteaux, 89
• Desbarres, J. F. W., 103
• Desideri, Fra, 72
• Dezhnev, Simon, 80
• Diaz, Bartolomeu, 53, 82
• Dicæarchus of Messana, 20
• Dicuil, 36
• Digges, Leonard, 93
• Diopler, 90
• Dominica, 61
• Donis. See Germanus
• Doughty, Charles, 117
• Drake, Sir Francis, 66, 84
• Drygalski, E. von, 132
• Dufour, Gen. H., 135
• Dupain-Triel, 101
• Duperrey, Louis, 89
• D’Urville, Dumont, 89, 129
• Dutch East India Co., 69
• Earth, figure of, 19, 22, 34, 36, 43, 81, 90, 94, 104
• Easter Island, 84
• East India Co., 70, 115
• —— Indies, 68
• Egypt, 3, 7
• Elephantine, 16
• Emin Pasha, 113
• Enderby Bros., 129
• —— Land, 129
• Ephemerides, 97
• Ephorus of Cyme, 18
• Equator, 21, 62
• Eratosthenes, 22
• Erebus, Mt., 130, 131
• Eric the Red, 75
• Erichsen, L. Mylius, 127
• Ericsson, Leif, 75
• Eskimo, 2
• Eudoxus of Cnidus, 19
• —— of Cyzicus, 24
• Europe, 9, 13, 14, 27, 39
• Europus, 10
• Everest, Sir George, 135
• Eyre, 120
• Faeröe Islands, 37
• Fernandez, John, 52
• Fernel, Jean, 93
• Filchner, Lieut., 133
• Firmianus, Lactantius, 34
• Flinders, Matthew, 117
• Florida, 64, 66
• Forbes, Edward, 143
• Forel, F. A., 141
• Forrest, Sir J., 121
• Fortunate Isles, 27
• Franklin, J., 122, 123
• Franz Josef Land, 125, 127
• Freycinet, J. C. D. de, 89
• Freyre, Fra, 72
• Frisius, Gemma, 97, 104
• Frisland, 76
• Frobisher, Martin, 76
• —— Strait, 77
• Gaetano, 88
• Gama, Vasco da, 68
• Gambia, River, 108
• Ganges, River, 115
• Gastaldi, 103
• Geodesy, 138
• Geomorphology, 139
• Germanus, Nicolaus, 55
• Gerrits, Dirk, 84
• Giles, Ernest, 121
• Gill, Sir David, 138
• Glaser, E., 117
• Gnomon, 9, 90
• Gold Coast, 52
• Gomez, Diego, 52
• Goyder, 120
• Graham Land, 129
• Grant, T. A., 111
• —— Land, 128
• Graphometer, 93
• Great Australian Bight, 118
• —— Ice Barrier, 130, 131
• Greeks, 8
• Greeley, Lieut. A. W., 126
• Green, Lowthian, 139
• Greenland, 37, 75, 76, 80, 124, 126, 127, 128
• Gregory, 121
• ——, A. C., 120
• ——, J. W., 139
• Grenard, F., 116
• Griesbach, L., 116
• Grinnell Land, 124, 126
• Grisalva, Juan de, 64
• Haiti, 61
• Halévy, J., 117
• Hall, Charles, 124
• Halley, E., 101
• Hanno, 6
• Harrison, John, 97
• Hausaland, 109
• Hawaii, 88
• Hawkins, Captain, 70
• Hayton, 43
• Hearne, Samuel, 78
• Hecatæus of Miletus, 11
• Hedin, Sven, 116
• Henry the Navigator, 51
• Herodotus, 5, 11, 23, 30
• Himilco, 6
• Hiort, Dr. Johan, 144
• Hipparchus, 22, 25
• Hispaniola. See Haiti
• Hollar, 102
• Homann, 101
• Homer, 7
• Honduras, 61
• Hooker, Sir Joseph, 146
• Horn, Cape, 67, 82, 84
• Houtman, Cornelis, 69
• Howell, 119
• Huber, C., 117
• Hudson Bay, 67, 76, 80
• —— Bay Co., 78, 123
• ——, Henry, 76, 80
• Humboldt, Alexander von, 67, 144
• Hume, Hamilton, 119
• Huygens, Christiaan, 94
• Ibn Batuta, 46
• Ibn Haukal, 40
• Iceland, 37, 75
• Idrisi, 40
• India, 3, 13, 20, 31, 44, 45, 50, 54, 57, 68, 69, 71, 115
• Indicopleustes, Cosmas, 35
• Inglefield, Captain, 124
• International Council for the Study of the Sea, 144
• —— Geographical Congress, 138
• Ireland, 30, 37, 75, 102
• Irtish, River, 72
• Istakhri, 40
• Ister, River, 14
• Jackman, Charles, 79
• Jackson, Frederick, 126
• Jäderin, E., 137
• Jamaica, 61
• Jan Mayen Island, 80
• Japan, 69, 70
• Jefferys, Thomas, 104
• Jenkinson, Anthony, 71
• Jerusalem, 39, 49
• Jesuits, 72
• John of Montecorvino, 45
• Johnston, W. and A. K., 138
• Jones Sound, 127
• Junker, W., 114
• Justinian, Emperor, 34
• Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, 132
• Kalahari Desert, 112
• Kamchatka, 72, 89
• Kane, Elisha Kent, 124
• Kant, Immanuel, 144
• Kara Sea, 79
• Karlsefne, Thorfinn, 75
• Kaulbars, Baron H., 116
• Kemp, John, 129
• Kennedy, 120, 123
• Kenya, Mt., 110, 113
• Kepler, 97
• Kerguelen Is., 86
• Kerguelen-Trémarec, Yves de, 86
• Kiepert, H., 137
• Kilimanjaro, Mt., 110, 113
• Kimberley, 121
• King, Capt. P. P., 118
• King Edward Land, 130, 131
• King George Sound, 117
• Kircher, A., 101
• Kola Peninsula, 79
• Koldewey, 126
• Kotzebue, Otto von, 89
• Kozlov, P. K., 116
• Krapf, L., 110
• Kremer, Gerhard. See Mercator
• Krishna, 115
• Krusenstern, Adam, 89
• Kublai Khan, 43
• Labrador, 75
• Lacerda, Francisco de, 109
• Lachlan, River, 118, 119
• Laing, A., 9, 109
• Lambton, Col. W., 135
• Lancaster, James, 70
• —— Sound, 123
• Langhans, 137
• Lapparent, A. de, 139
• Lapworth, C., 139
• Latitude, 21, 97
• Lauder, Richard, 109
• Leachman, 117
• Lefroy, H. M., 121
• Lehmann, J. G., 101
• Leichhardt, 120
• Lemaire, Jacob, 84
• Leon, Juan Ponce de, 63
• Le Testu, Guillaume, 69
• Lhasa, 72, 115
• Limnology, 141
• Littledale, St. George, 116
• Liverpool Plains, 119
• Livingstone, David, 112
• Longitude, 97
• Loubet Land, 132
• Louisiana, 67
• Louis Philippe Land, 129
• Love, A. E. H., 139
• Lualaba, River, 112
• Luque, Hernando de, 66
• McClintock, 124
• McClure, 124
• Mackenzie, Alexander, 78
• —— River, 78
• McKinlay, T., 121
• McMurdo Sound, 132
• Macquarie, River, 118, 119
• Madagascar, 44, 57
• Madeira, 50, 52
• Magalhães, Fernao de, 64, 82
• Magellan. See Magalhães
• Magnetic Pole, 123, 127
• Magnus, Albertus, 43
• Mahomed Ali, 110
• Malacca, 68
• Malay Archipelago, 44, 57, 68, 69, 70
• —— Peninsula, 5
• Mam, Island of, 56
• Manchuria, 89
• Mandeville, Sir John, 45
• Maoris, 2
• Map-making, 2, 9, 12, 37, 41, 46, 54, 98, 137, 145
• Marianne Islands, 65
• Marinus of Tyre, 26, 40
• Marion-Dufresne, 86
• Marion Is., 86
• Markham, 126
• ——, Albert, 124
• Marquesas Is., 83
• Martianus Capella, 34
• Masailand, 113
• Masudi, 40
• Maupertuis, P. L. M. de, 96
• Mauro, Fra, 50, 55
• Maury, Matthew F., 14, 20
• Mawson, Dr. D., 132, 133
• Mediterranean, the, 3, 5, 37, 39, 48, 58, 143
• Melville Island, 123
• Mendana, 83
• Mercator, 98, 102, 103
• Meridian, 22, 41
• Meroe, 16
• Mexico, 64, 65
• Middleton, Christopher, 78
• Mill, H. R., 106
• Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 120
• Moeris, Lake, 3
• Moluccas, 60, 69
• Monaco, Prince of, 144
• Mongolia, 115
• Moseley, H. N., 143
• Mota, Antonio de, 69
• Mountains of the Moon, 31
• Muhammad ben Musa, 90
• Münster, Sebastian, 105
• Murray, River, 119
• ——, Sir John, 141, 143
• Murrumbidgee, River, 119
• Muscovy Company, 79, 80
• Musil, 117
• Nachtigal, G., 114
• Nain Singh, 115
• Nansen, Fridtjof, 126
• Nares, Sir George, 124, 143
• Nasamonian youths, the, 16
• Natal, 68
• Nathorst, 127
• Nearchus, 20
• Necho, 5
• Neckam, Alexander, 48
• New Caledonia, 88
• Newfoundland, 75
• New Granada, 66
• New Guinea, 69, 83, 87
• New Hebrides, 83, 85, 88
• New Pomerania, 84
• New Siberian Is., 127
• New South Wales, 117
• Newton, Sir Isaac, 94, 105, 144
• New Zealand, 70, 83, 87
• Nicaragua, 64
• Niebuhr, Carsten, 73
• Niger, River, 16, 108, 109
• Nile, River, 16, 31, 37, 49, 108, 110, 111
• Nordenskiöld, A. E., 125, 126
• Norfolk Is., 88
• Norsemen, 37
• North America, 2, 61, 67, 75
• North American Indians, 2
• North Cape, 75
• North-East Passage, 78
• North-West Passage, 76, 127
• Norwood, Richard, 93
• Nova Scotia, 75
• Novaya Zemlya, 72, 75, 80
• Ob, River, 80
• Oceanography, 141
• Odoric, 45, 71
• Œcumene, 22, 23
• Ohio, River, 66
• Okhotsk, Sea of, 72
• Orellana, Francisco de, 66
• Orinoco, River, 61, 145
• Orkney Islands, 37
• Orléans, Prince Henry of, 116
• Orontius, 82
• Ortelius, 65, 102
• Oudney, W., 109
• Oxley, Lieut., 118
• Pacific Ocean, 64, 65, 82, 83, 87
• Palestine, 48
• Palgrave, W. G., 117
• Pamirs, 115
• Paradise, 39
• Paris, Matthew, 48
• Park, Mungo, 108
• Parmenides, 9
• Parry (Arctic), 122, 126
• —— (Australia), 120
• Pascal, 93
• Paulmyer, Sieur de Gonneville, 69
• Paumotu Is., 84, 85
• Pausanias, 32
• Payer, Lieut. Julius, 125
• Payva, Alphonso, 53
• Peary, Robert E., 126, 127
• Peking, 69
• Penna, Orazio della, 72
• Periodos (circuit of the earth), 12
• Periœci, 23
• Periplus, 12, 18
• —— of the Erythræan Sea, 3
• Pérouse, J. F. D. de la, 89
• Persia, 71
• Persian Gulf, 20
• Perthes, Justus, 137
• Peru, 3, 66
• Peschel, Oscar, 145
• Pet, Arthur, 79
• Peter Is., 128
• Petermann, A., 137
• Peutinger Table, 26
• Pevtsov, 116
• Phasis, River, 11
• Philip, George, 138
• Philippine Islands, 65
• Phipps, Captain, 122, 142
• Phœnicians, 4
• Picard, Jean, 94, 101
• Pigafetta, F., 99
• Pines, Isle of, 88
• Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, 59, 62
• Pizarro, Francisco, 66
• Plane-table, 93
• Plato, 18
• Pliny the Elder, 26
• Polo, Marco, 43, 69
• Polybius of Megalopolis, 23
• Polyhistor, Julius Solinus, 35
• Pomponius Mela, 26
• Pont, Timothy, 102
• Portolano maps, 48, 50, 55
• Portuguese, 51, 55, 60, 68, 79, 108
• Posidonius the Stoic, 23, 72
• Potamology, 141
• Potanin, 116
• Prester John, 53
• Pretorius, Jean, 93
• Prjevalsky, Nicolai, 116
• Procopius, 34
• Ptolemy, 26, 39, 54, 72
• Putte, Samuel van der, 72
• Pygmies, 7, 17
• Pythagoras, 8
• Pytheas of Massilia, 21
• Quadrant, 91, 94
• Queensland, 119, 120
• Quiros, Pedro Fernandez de, 83
• Rae, Dr. John, 124
• Ramsden, 97
• Ratzel, Friedrich, 145
• Ravenstein, A., 137
• Rawling, Capt. G. C., 116
• Rebmann, T., 110
• Red Sea, 5, 35
• Regiomontanus, 97
• Rennell, Maj. James, 104
• Retes, Inigo Ortes de, 83
• Retreat of the Ten Thousand, 17
• Rhins, Dutreuil de, 116
• Rhodesia, 5
• Richard of Haldingham, 48
• Richardson, Sir John, 124
• Richer, Jean, 94
• Richthofen, Ferdinand, Baron von, 117, 145
• Rio de la Plata, 62
• Ripon Falls, 111
• Ritter, Karl, 145
• Roborovsky, 116
• Rockhill, W. W., 116
• Roe, J. S., 121
• Roggeveen, Jacob, 85
• Rohlfs, G., 114
• Romans, 24
• Rome, 19
• Rosen, P. G., 138
• Ross, Capt., 122, 123, 142
• ——, James Clark, 123, 142
• ——, Sir James, 130
• Roy, General, 103, 104
• Royal Geographical Soc., 146
• Russians, 72, 78, 80, 116
• Rusticiano of Pisa, 44
• Ruwenzori Mts., 113
• Sadlier, Capt. G. F., 117
• Sahara Desert, 52, 109, 114
• St. Basil the Great, 34
• St. Brandon, Island of, 58
• St. Francis Xavier, 69
• St. Lawrence River, 66
• St. Martin, Vivien de, 138
• Samoa, 85
• San Salvador, 60
• Sanson, Nicolas, 99
• Saxton, Christopher, 102
• Scandinavia, 7, 21, 30, 37, 49, 58, 75
• Scaph, 90
• Schouten, Willem Cornelis, 84
• Schrader, F., 138
• Schweinfürth, Georg, 114
• Scoresby, William, 81, 126, 142
• Scotland, survey, 103
• Scott, Capt. R. F., 131, 133
• Scroggs, John, 78
• Scylax of Caryanda, 12
• Semliki River, 113
• Senegal, 109
• Shackleton, Sir E., 131, 132
• Shetland Islands, 37
• Shirley, Sir Anthony and Robert, 71
• Siberia, 44, 72, 80
• Sicily, 7
• Sidon, 7
• Sierra Leone, 52
• Sission, Jonathan, 97
• Smith, William, 128
• ——, Leigh, 125
• —— Sound, 78, 124, 128
• Snell, Willibrord, 93
• Society Is., 85, 87
• Sokoto, 109
• Solis, Juan Diaz de, 62
• Somaliland, 110
• Soto, Hernandez de, 66
• South America, 56, 62, 66, 67, 82
• Southern Continent, 81, 83
• South Orkney Is., 128
• South Shetland Is., 84, 128
• Spaniards, 60, 63
• Speed, John, 102
• Speke, T. H., 110
• Spitsbergen, 75, 79, 124, 127
• Spruner, K. von, 137
• Stanford, Edward, 138
• Stanley, H. M., 112, 113
• Stefansson, 128
• Stein, Sir M. A., 116
• Stieler, A., 137
• Stony Desert, 120
• Strabo, 18, 24, 141
• Stuart, J. M., 121
• Sturt, Charles, 119, 120
• Submarine cable, 142
• Sudan, 114
• Suess, E., 139
• Suleiman, 40
• Supan, A., 137, 139
• Surveying, 93, 102, 135
• Sverdrup, 127
• Swartha, Claudius Clavus, 55
• Sydney, 117
• Syene, 22
• Syria, 71
• Tachard, P., 72
• Tahiti, 87
• Tanais, River, 14, 21, 37
• Tanganyika, Lake, 111, 112
• Tasman, Abel Janszoon, 70, 83
• Tasmania, 70, 117
• Terror, Mt., 130, 131
• Texeira, Pedro, 67
• Thales of Miletus, 8
• Theodolite, 97
• Theophanes of Mytilene, 24
• Theophrastus of Lesbos, 20
• Thompson, Sir C. Wyville, 143
• Thomson, Joseph, 113
• Thule, 21
• Thury, Cassini de, 104
• Tibet, 44, 71, 73
• Tierra del Fuego, 67, 84
• Timbuktu, 109
• Toll, Baron, 127
• Tongan Archipelago, 84, 88
• Torrens, Lake, 120
• Torres, 70, 83
• —— Strait, 83
• Torricelli, 93
• Toscanelli, Paolo del Pozzi, 56
• Traverse Is., 128
• Trinidad, 61
• Triquetum, 90
• Turkestan, 115
• Turnagain, Cape, 123
• Turner, Capt., 73
• Tyre, 4
• Uganda, 111
• Ugyen Gyatso, 115
• Unyamwezi, 111
• Varenius, Bernhard, 105
• Vernier, François, 93
• Vesconte, Petrus, 49
• Vespucci, Amerigo, 62
• Victoria, 119
• —— Falls, 112
• —— Land, 130, 133
• —— Nile, 111
• —— Nyanza, 111, 113
• Vinci, Leonardo da, 82
• Vineland, 37, 75
• Virgilius, Bishop of Salzburg, 36
• Vlamingh, William de, 70
• Volga, River, 30
• Wagner, Hermann, 145
• Waldseemüller, Martin, 63, 103
• Wallace, Sir Alfred Russel, 146
• Wallis, Samuel, 85
• Warburton, 121
• Watling Island, 60
• Weddell, James, 129
• Wellby, Capt. W. S., 116
• Welle, River, 114
• Werner, 99
• Western Australia, 121
• West Indies, 60
• Weyprecht, Lieut., 125
• Whale fisheries, 80
• White Nile, 108
• —— Sea, 75, 79
• Wiggins, Capt. Joseph, 125
• Wilkes, Charles, 89, 130
• William of Rubruquis, 42
• Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 79
• Wills, William, 121
• Wilson, 131
• Wissmann, 113
• Wright, Edward, 99
• Xenophon, 17
• Yenisei, River, 80, 125
• Yucatan, 64
• Zambezi, River, 5, 109, 112
• Zanzibar, 44, 57, 110
• Zeno, Nicolo, 76
• Zoogeography, 140