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History of Modern Philosophy

Chapter 14: INDEX
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About This Book

It traces the development of Western philosophy from the Renaissance through the nineteenth century, charting the move from scholasticism toward renewed natural inquiry and systematic reflection. The work surveys major movements—rationalism, empiricism, German idealism, and positivism—and summarizes the central doctrines and methods advocated by key thinkers such as Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Comte, and Spencer. Chapters are organized around the philosophical renaissance, metaphysicians, theorists of knowledge, German idealists, and nineteenth-century humanists, and are accompanied by bibliography and index. The focus is on conceptual development, methodological disputes, and the shifting aims of modern philosophical thought.

INDEX

Abbott, E. A., quoted, 14

Agnosticism, 67, 70, 141, 143, 144

Anaximander, 12

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 4

Aristotle, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 25, 49, 52, 129, 139, 142

Arnold, Matthew, 55

Athens, 1 f.

Atomism, revival of, 10, 21

Averroes, 4

Bacon, Roger, 4

Bacon, Francis, 12 ff., 24, 29, 32, 61

Baur, F. C., 142

Bayle, Pierre, 71

Beneke, F. E., 123

Bergson, Henri, 147

Berkeley, Bishop, 43, 72 ff.;

Theory of Vision, 73;

Idealism, 73 ff., 89

Boyle, Robert, 21

Bradley, F. H., 57, 143

Brahe, Tycho, 17

Brown, Dr. Thomas, 134

Bruno, Giordano, 7 ff., 22, 45, 51, 107

Byron, 119

Caird, Edward, 143

Caird, John, ib.

Calvinism, 28

Catholicism and philosophy, 2 ff.

Causation. See Hume, Kant, Hegel, Mill

Christianity. See Catholicism

Christina, Queen, 32 f.

Church, Dean, quoted, 15

Collier, Arthur, 75

Collins, Anthony, 71

Columbus, 6

Comte, Auguste, 127 ff.;

classification of the sciences, 130;

Politique Positive, ib.;

philosophy of history, 131, 133

Condillac, 125

Copernicanism, 6 f.

Cousin, Victor, 90

Dante, 6 f.

Darwin, Charles, 140

Democritus, 10

Descartes, 30, 31 ff.;

on belief, 41, 49, 61, 65, 87

Duns Scotus, 4

Eclectics, French, 125 f.;

German, 144

Ego, the Absolute, 105

Elizabeth, Princess, 32

Empedocles, 65

Epicurus, 9, 22, 29

Epistemology, 65

Eriugena, John Scotus, 3, 4

Ethica, Spinoza's, 48

Fichte, J. G., 101 ff.;

his definition of God, 102;

as German patriot, 102 f.;

his idealism, 103 ff.;

ethical standpoint, 106;

later teaching, 110

Ficino, Marsilio, 5

Final causes in modern philosophy, 61;

in Plato, ib.

Form and Matter, 10, 18, 24

Galileo, 17, 24

Gassendi, 50

Geulincx, 42, 44, 51

Gilbert, 17, 21

Godwin, William, 139

Goethe, 102, 105

Green, T. H., 143

Haeckel, Ernst, 146

Haldane, Lord, 143

Haldane, Miss E. S.,

quoted, 32

Hamilton, Sir William, 126 f., 132

Hartmann, Ed. von, 144 f.

Harvey, 17

Hegel, G. F. W., 24;

on Spinoza, 53, 103, 107, 110 ff.;

Phenomenology of Mind, 112;

Science of Logic, ib.;

Encyclopædia, ib.;

Philosophy of Law, ib.;

Æsthetics, 113;

Philosophy of History, ib.;

his didactic method, 113 ff.;

negation of supernatural religion, 116, 118, 124, 126

Hegelians, the English, 142 ff.

Heine, 103, 116

Heracleitus, 11, 147

Herbart, J. F., 122, 144

Hobbes, Thomas, 22 ff., 50, 56, 68

Hooker, Richard, and the Social Contract, 29

Humanism in the nineteenth century, 124

Hume, David, 77 ff.;

character as a historian, 77;

theory of causation, 81 ff.;

attitude towards theism, 84, 89;

a precursor of Comte, 129;

and of Mill, 133 ff.

Huxley, T. H., 127

Huyghens on Descartes, 41

Induction, Baconian, 20

Innate ideas, 68, 95

John of Salisbury, 4

Justinian, 1

Kant, Immanuel, 85 ff.;

his nebular hypothesis, 87;

on synthetic and analytic judgments, 87 ff.;

on space and time, 90 ff.;

Critique of Pure Reason, 93 ff.;

on causation, 95 f.;

moral and religious philosophy, 97 ff., 118, 119, 132, 133, 134, 147

Kepler, 10, 17, 21

Klopstock, 101

Lamarck, 139, 140

Laplace, 87

Leibniz, G. W., 57 ff.;

optimism, 59 ff.;

monadology, 62;

determinism, 63;

pre-established harmony, ib., 144

Lewes, G. H., 103, 107

Locke, John, 29, 65 ff.;

on toleration, 67;

his proof of theism, 69;

moral inconsistency, 69 f., 72, 87, 89

Lotze, R. H., 144

Lucretius, 9, 20, 22

Luther, 6

Lyell, Sir Charles, 139

Macaulay on Bacon, 16;

on Hobbes, 28, 71

McTaggart, Dr. J. E., 144

Maine de Biran, 125

Malebranche, 42 ff., 51, 74, 89

Malthus, 137

Mansel, H. L., 127

Materialists, German, 146

Mill, J. S., 132 ff.;

System of Logic, 133;

metaphysics, 135;

theology, ib.;

ethics, 135 f.;

politics, 136;

character, 137

Milne-Edwards, 140

Monadism, 11, 70

Napier, 17

Neo-Kantianism, 146

Neo-Platonism, 2 f.

Newton, Isaac, 58, 59

Nicolas of Cusa, 11

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 145 f.

Norris, John, 75

Occam, 5

Occasionalism, 42

Ostwald, 146

Pantheism, 45,50

Parmenides, 9

Pascal, 42

Plotinus, 2, 5, 12, 44

Positivism. See Comte

Power, idea of, in Spinoza, 52;

how connected with causation, 83

Pragmatism, 147

Proclus, 3

Pythagoreans, 9

Reality, degrees of, 57

Reid, Thomas, 85, 125

Renaissance, scientific activity of the, 17

Rousseau, 29, 119

St. Simon, 127

Schelling, F. W. J., 106 ff.;

natural philosophy, 108;

Transcendental Idealism, 108 f.;

romanticism, 109;

Absolutism, 110, 126

Schiller, F. C. S., quoted, 18

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 103, 118 ff.;

pessimism, 119;

metaphysics, 119 ff.;

ethics, 121 f., 145

Sextus Empiricus, 67

Shaftesbury, Lord, author of the Characteristics, 71

Shelley, 139

Sidgwick, Henry, 135

Smith, Adam, 140

Social Contract, 26

Spencer, Herbert, 127, 137 ff.;

Social Statics, 137;

Psychology, 140;

Synthetic Philosophy, 141;

on religion, ib.;

formula of evolution, 142, 144

Spencer, Rev. Thomas, 137

Spinoza, 30, 45 ff.;

Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 48;

not a mystic, 55;

ethics, 56 f.;

return to Stoicism, 56, 59, 61, 69, 87, 106, 110

Staël, Madame de, 125

Stirling, Dr. Hutchison, 143

Strauss, David, 112, 142

Taylor, Mrs., and J. S. Mill, 132

Temple, Archbishop, 102

Theism. See Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Fichte, Mill

Timæus, Plato's, 41

Toland, 71

Turgot, 129

Vaux, Clotilde de, and Comte, 132

Voltaire and optimism, 59

Vries, Simon de and Spinoza, 46

Wallace, A. R., 140

Wallace, Prof. William, 143

Whewell, William, 133

Wordsworth, 57

Wycliffe, 5