History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol. 2. / To the Sources of the Missouri, Thence Across the Rocky Mountains and Down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Performed During the Years 1804-5-6.

The present rapacity of the Indians, owing to this cause, aided also by the system of giving credits to the Indians, which caused contentions among the traders, which terminated by giving the Indians a contempt for the character of whites.

The permission to persons to hunt on Indian lands, productive of many evils, the most frequent causes of war, hostile to the views of civilizing, and of governing the Indians.

The first principle of governing the Indians is to govern the whites—the impossibility of doing this without establishments, and some guards at the posts.

The Sisitons may be made a check on the Tetons by withholding their trade on the Mississippi.

Having stated the several evils which flowed from the Spanish system, I now state the Indian character, the evils which still exist, and what they will probably terminate in, if not redressed—the plan recommended to be pursued and the benefits which may be expected to result therefrom, conclude thus, it may be pretty confidently believed that it is not competent to produce the wished-for reform among the Indians.

Hunters permitted in the Indian country pernicious—frequent cause of war between us.

Some of the stipulations of the licenses granted the traders, in application to the state of the Indians on the Missouri, of course not attended to. The incompetence of the Indian agents to see that any of the stipulations are complied with. Whiskey, or ardent spirits may, therefore, be introduced, and other corruptions practised without our knowledge. There is not at present allowed by law to the superintendant of Indian affairs, any discretionary powers, by which he can prohibit our newly acquired citizens of Louisiana, who may be disaffected to our government, from trading with the Indians: the law says, that any citizen of the United States, who can give sufficient security for the sum of five hundred dollars, for the faithful compliance with the stipulation of his license, shall be permitted to trade. An instance has happened in Mr. Robideau, &c.

The preceding observations of captain Lewis, although left in an unfinished state, are too important to be omitted. The premature death of the author has prevented his filling up the able outline that he has drawn.

A summary statement of the rivers, creeks, and most remarkable places, their distances from each other, &c. their distances from the Mississippi, ascending the Missouri, across the Rocky mountains, and down the Columbia to the Pacific ocean, as was explored in the years 1804, 5, and 6, by captains Lewis and Clarke.

Names of remarkable places.	The width of rivers and creeks in yards.	Side on which they are situated.	Distances from one place to another.	Distances up the Missouri from the Mississippi.
	Yards		Miles	Miles
To the village of St. Charles		N.E.	21	21
Osage-woman’s river	30	N.E.	20	41
Charrette’s village and creek	20	N.E.	27	68
Shepherd’s creek		S.W.	15	83
Gasconade river	157	S.W.	17	100
Muddy river	50	N.E.	15	115
Grand Osage river	397	S.W.	18	133
Murrow creek	20	S.W.	5	138
Cedar island and creek	20	N.E.	7	145
Leadmine hill		S.W.	9	154
Manitou creek	20	S.E.	8	162
Splitrock creek	20	N.E.	8	170
Saline, or Salt river	30	S.E.	3	173
Manitou river	30	N.E.	9	182
Goodwoman’s river	35	N.E.	9	191
Mine river	70	S.W.	9	200
Arrow prairie		S.W.	6	206
Two Charleton rivers	30/70	N.E.	14	220
Ancient village of the Missouri nation, near which place Fort Orleans stood		N.E.	16	236
Grand river	90	N.E.	4	240
Snake creek	18	N.E.	6	246
Ancient village of the Little Osages		S.W.	10	256
Tigers’ island and creek	25	N.E.	20	276
Hubert’s island and creek		S.W.	12	388
Fire-prairie creek		S.W.	12	300
Fort Point		S.W.	6	306
Haycabin creek	20	S.W.	6	312
Coalbank		S.W.	9	321
Bluewater river	30	S.W.	10	331
Kanzas river	230	S.W.	9	340
Little river Platte	60	N.E.	9	349
To the First old Kanzas village		S.W.	28	377
Independence creek, a mile below the second old Kanzas village		S.W.	28	405
St. Michael’s prairie		N.E.	25	430
Nodawa river	70	N.E.	20	450
Wolf, or Loup river	60	S.W.	14	464
Big Nemaha river	80	S.W.	16	480
Tarkio creek	23	N.E.	3	483
Neeshnabatona river	50	N.E.	25	508
Little Nemaha river	48	S.W.	8	516
Baldpated prairie, the Neeshnabatona within 150 yards of the Missouri		N.E.	23	539
Weepingwater creek	25	S.W.	29	568
River Platt, or Shoal river	600	S.W.	32	600
Butterfly, or Papillon creek	18	S.W.	3
Musquetoe creek	22	N.E.	7	610
Ancient village of the Ottoes		S.W.	11
Ancient Ayaways village, below a bluff, on the northeast side		N.E.	6
Bowyer’s river	25	N.E.	11
Council bluffs (establishment)		S.W.	12	650
Soldier’s river	40	N.E.	39	689
Eaneahwaudepon, (Little Sioux river)	80	N.E.	44	733
Waucarde, or Badspirit creek		S.W.	55	788
Around a bend of the river to the northeast, the gorge of which is only 974 yards			21	809
To an island, 3 miles northeast of the Maha village			27	836
Floyd’s bluff and river	35	N.E.	14	850
To the Big Sioux river	110	N.E.	3	858
Commencement of the copperas, cobalt, pirites, and alum bluffs		S.W.	27	880
Hot, or Burning bluffs		S.W.	30	910
Whitestone river	30	N.E.	8	918
Petit-arc, an old Maha village, at the mouth of Littlebow creek	15	S.W.	20	938
River Jacques, or James’ river	90	N.E.	12	950
Calumet bluff (mineral)		S.W.	10	960
Ancient fortification, Goodman’s island		S.W.	16	976
To Plum creek	12	N.E.	10	986
Whitepoint creek	28	S.W.	8	994
Quicourre	152	S.W.	6	1000
To the Poncar river and village	30	S.W.	10	1010
To the dome and village of the burrowing squirrels		S.W.	20	1030
Island of cedars			45	1075
To White river	300	S.W.	55	1130
To the Three rivers of the Sioux pass	35	N.E.	22	1152
An island in the commencement of the Big bend		N.E.	20	1172
The upper part of the Big bend, the gorge of which is 1¼ miles		S.W.	30	1202
To Tylor’s river	35	S.W.	6	1208
Loisel’s fort on Cedar island		S.W.	18	1226
Teton river	70	S.W.	37	1263
The upper of five old Ricara villages, reduced by the Sioux, and abandoned		S.W.	42	1305
To Chayenne river	400	S.W.	5	1310
An old Ricara village on Lahoocat’s island			47	1357
Sarwarkarna river	90	S.W.	40	1397
Wetarhoo river	120	S.W.	25	1422
The first Ricaras villages on an island		S.W.	4
Second Ricaras three villages		S.W.	4	1430
Stone-idol creek	18	N.E.	18
Warreconne river	35	N.E.	40	1488
Cannonball river	140	S.W.	12	1500
Chesschetar river, near six old Mandan villages	38	S.W.	40	1540
Old Ricara and Mandan villages		S.W.	40	1580
To Fort Mandan (wintering post of 1804)		N.E.	20	1600
The Mandan villages on each side			4	1604
To Knife river, on which the two Minnetaree and Maha villages are situated near the mouth	80	S.W.	2	1606
The Island			11
Miry river	10	N.E.	16	1633
Island in the Little basin			28
Little Missouri river	134	S.W.	29	1690
Wild-onion creek	16	N.E.	12
Goose-egg lake	300	N.E.	9
Chaboneau’s creek	20	S.W.	16	1727
Goatpen creek, Mouse river, waters of lake Winnipec near the Missouri	20	N.E.	16	1743
To Hall’s, strand, lake, and creek		N.E.	47	1790
White-earth river	60	N.E.	40	1840
Rochejaune, or Yellowstone river	858	S.W.	40	1880
To Martha’s river	50	N.E.	60	1940
Porcupine river	112	N.E.	50	1990
To the Littledry creek	25	S.W.	40	2030
Bigdry creek	100	S.W.	9
Littledry river	200	S.W.	6	2045
Gulf in the Island bend			32
To Milk river	150	N.E.	13	2090
Bigdry river	400	S.W.	25
Werner’s run	10	N.E.	9
Pine creek	20	N.E.	36	2160
Gibson’s river	35	N.E.	17	2177
Brownbear-defeated creek	40	S.W.	12
Bratton’s river	100	N.E.	24	2213
Burntlodge creek	50	S.W.	6
Wiser’s creek	40	N.E.	14	2233
Muscleshell river	110	S.W.	37	2270
Grouse creek	20	N.E.	30
North-mountain creek	30	N.E.	36	2336
South-mountain creek	30	S.W.	18	2354
Ibex island			15
Goodrich’s island			9	2378
Windsor’s creek	30	N.E.	7	2385
Elk rapid (swift water)			15	2400
Thomson’s creek	28	N.E.	27½	2427½
Judith’s river	100	S.W.	11½	2439
Ash rapid (swift water)			4
Slaughter river	40	S.W.	11	2454
Stonewall creek, above the natural walls	30	N.E.	26	2480
Maria’s river	186	N.E.	41	2521
Snow river	50	S.W.	19
Shields’s river	35	S.W.	28	2568
The foot of the entrance of Portage river, five miles below the Great falls	45	S.W.	7	2575

Leaving the Missouri below the falls, and passing by land to the navigable waters of the Columbia river.

Names of remarkable places.	Width of the rivers and creeks.	Distance from one place to another.	Distance from the falls of the Missouri.	Distance from the Mississippi.
	Yards.	Miles.	Miles.	Miles.
To the entrance of Medicine river	137	18	18	2593
Fort Mountain, passing through the plain between Medicine river and the Missouri, near the Missouri		15	33	2603
Rocky mountains, to a gap on the ridge, which divides the waters of the Missouri from those of the Columbia passing the north part of a mountain and crossing Dearborn’s river		35	68	2643
Fork of Cohahlarishkit river from the north, passed four creeks from the north	45	40	108	2683
To Seaman’s creek from the north	20	7	115
Werner’s creek from the north	35	10	125	2700
The east fork of Clarke’s river, at the entrance of Cohahlarishkit	120	30	155	3730
To Clarke’s river, below the forks	150	12	167	2742
Traveller’s-rest creek, on the west side of Clarke’s river, about the forks	25	5	172	2747
The Forks of Traveller’s-rest creek, at a right hand road		18	190
Hot springs on the creek		13	203	2778
Quamash glades, passing the head of the creek to a branch of Kooskooskee river		7	210
North branch of Kooskooskee river, a left-hand road leads off at five miles		7	217
Junction of the roads on the top of a snowy mountain, the left-hand road, passing by a fishery		10	227	2802
Hungry creek from the right, passing on a dividing mountain, covered with deep snow, except on two places, which are open, with a southern exposure at 8 and 36 miles		54	281	2856
To a Glade upon Hungry creek		6	287
Glade upon a small branch of do.		8	295
Glade upon Fish creek	10	9	304
To Collins’s creek	25	13	317
Quamash flats		11	328	2903
Kooskooskee, or Flathead’s river, in a pine country	120	12	340	2915

Note. In passing from the falls of the Missouri, across the Rocky mountains to the navigable waters of the Columbia, you have two hundred miles of good road, one hundred and forty miles of high, steep, rugged mountains, sixty miles of which is covered from two to eight feet deep with snow in the last of June.

Remarkable places descending the Columbia.	Width of the rivers and creeks.	The side on which they are situated.	Distance from one place to another.	Distance descending the Columbia.	Distance from the Mississippi.
	Yards.	Side.	Miles.	Miles.	Miles.
To the entrance of Rockdam creek	20	N.	8	8	2923
Chopunnish river	120	N.	5	13	2928
Colter’s creek	35	N.	37	50	2978
Lewis’s river, at the entrance of the Kooskooskee river	200	S.	23	73	2988
The Sweathouse village and run		S.	7	80
Pilot’s village		N.	11	91	3005
Kemooenim creek	20	S.	48	139
Drewyer’s river, below the narrows of Lewis’s river	30	N.	5	144	3059
Cave rapid			28	172
Basin rapid (bad)			34	206	3121
Discharge rapid (bad)			14	220	3135
The Columbia at the mouth of Lewis’s river, from the east		S.E.	7	227	3142
Wollawollah river, passed eleven large mat lodges of that nation	40	S.E.	16	243	3158
Muscleshell rapid (bad)
passed thirty-three mat lodges of the Wollawollahs			25	268	3183
Pelican rapid, passed forty-eight lodges of the Pishquitpahs nation		N.	22	290	3205
Twenty-one lodges of the Wahowpum nation, residing on three islands, at the commencement of the high country		N.	18	308	3223
To eight lodges of the Wahowpums at Short rapid		N.	27	335	3250
The Rocky rapid, nine lodges of the same nation		N.	13	348	3263
The river La Page (bad rapid)	40	S.	9	357	3272
Twenty seven lodges of the Eneshure nation, at Fishstack rapid		N.	10	367	3282
Towahnahiooks river	180	S.	8	375	3290
The Great falls of the Columbia river of 57 feet 8 inches, near which there are forty mat lodges of the Eneshure nation		N.	4	379	3294
The Short narrows, 45 yards wide			2	381	3296
Skilloot village of twenty-one large wood houses, at the long narrows, from 50 to 100 yards wide		N.	4	385	3300
Chilluckittequaw village of eight large wood houses		N.	14	390	3314
Cataract river, a few miles below a village of seven houses, and immediately above one of eleven houses of the Chilluckittequaw nation	60	N.	10	409	3324
Sepulchre rock, opposite to a village of houses of Chilluckittequaws		N.	4	413	3328
River Labiche, opposite to twenty-six houses of the Smackshop nation, houses scattered on the north side	46	S.	9	422	3337
Little Lake creek, three houses of the Smackshop nation	28	N.	10	432	3347
Cruzatte’s river	60	N.	12	444	3359
The Grand rapid, just below the village of the Yehah tribe of the Shahala nation of fourteen wood houses		N.	6	450	3365
Clahelellah village of the Shahala nation, near the foot of the rapids; seven houses		N.	6	456	3371
Wabetellah village of the Shahala nation, twenty-three houses, just below the entrance of the Beacon-rock creek		N.	6	162	3377
Tide water.
Phoca rock in the river, sixty-feet above water			11	473	3388
To Quicksand river	120	S.	9	482	3397
Seal river	80	N.	3	485
Neechaokee village, opposite to the Diamond island		S.	4	489
Shahala village of twenty-five temporary houses		S.	12	501	3416
Multnomah river	500	S.	14	515	3430
Multnomah village		S.	6	521
Quathlahpotle village		N.	8	529
Tahwahnahiooks river	200	N.	1	530	3445
Cathlahaws creek and village	18	N.	10	540	3455
Lower extremity of Elallah or Deer island		S.	6	546
Coweliskee river, about the entrance, and up this river the Skilloot nation reside	150	N.	13	559	3474
Fanny’s island		S.	16	577	3490
The Sea-otter island			12	587	3502
The upper village of the Wahkiacum nation		N.	6	593	3508
The Cathlamahs village of nine large wood houses, S. of Seal islands		S.	14	607	3522
Point William, opposite Shallow bay		S.	10	617	3532
Point Meriwether, above Meriwether’s bay		S.	9	626	3541
Clatsop village, below Meriwether’s bay, and seven miles northwest of Fort Clatsop		S.	8	634	3549
Point Adams, at the entrance of the Columbia into the Pacific ocean, or Great South Sea, in latitude 46° 15´ north, and longitude 124° 57´ west from Greenwich		S.	6	640	3555

History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol. 2. / To the Sources of the Missouri, Thence Across the Rocky Mountains and Down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Performed During the Years 1804-5-6.

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