The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of the Reign of Philip the Second King of Spain, Vol. 3
Title: History of the Reign of Philip the Second King of Spain, Vol. 3
Author: William Hickling Prescott
Release date: November 3, 2010 [eBook #34203]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Paul Murray, Chuck Greif and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
DON JOHN OF AUSTRIA
FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE ROYAL MUSEUM AT MADRID.
London: George Routledge & Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill.
HISTORY OF THE REIGN
OF
PHILIP THE SECOND
KING OF SPAIN
VOLUME THE THIRD
AND
BIOGRAPHICAL & CRITICAL MISCELLANIES
BY
WILLIAM H. PRESCOTT
LONDON
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS
BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL
NEW YORK: 416, BROOME STREET
| PRESCOTT'S WORKS. |
|---|
| One-Volume Edition. |
| ——— |
| FERDINAND AND ISABELLA, 5s. |
| CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 5s. |
| CONQUEST OF PERU. 5s. |
| PHILIP THE SECOND. Vols. I. and II. in One Vol., 5s. |
| PHILIP THE SECOND. Vol. III., and ESSAYS, in One Vol., 5s. |
| CHARLES THE FIFTH. 5s. |
CONTENTS
OF
THE THIRD VOLUME.
| BOOK V. | ||
| CHAPTER I. | ||
| PAGE | ||
| The Moors of Spain | 1 | |
| Conquest of Spain by the Arabs | 1 | |
| Hostility between the Two Races | 2 | |
| The Country recovered by the Spaniards | 2 | |
| Effect of the Struggle on the National Character | 2 | |
| Religious Intolerance of the Spaniards | 3 | |
| Attempts to convert the Moslems | 3 | |
| Policy of Ximenes | 3 | |
| Suppression of the Mahometan Worship | 4 | |
| Outward Conformity to Christianity | 4 | |
| Moors abandon their National Habits | 4 | |
| Their Condition under Philip the Second | 5 | |
| Their Industry and Commerce | 5 | |
| Treatment by the Government | 6 | |
| Ordinance of 1563 | 8 | |
| Stringent Measures called for by the Clergy | 9 | |
| Prepared by the Government | 9 | |
| Severity of the Enactments | 10 | |
| Approval of them by Philip | 11 | |
| Proclamation at Granada | 12 | |
| Indignation of the Moriscoes | 12 | |
| Representations to Deza | 12 | |
| Appeal to the Throne | 13 | |
| Rejection of their Prayers | 14 | |
| CHAPTER II. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 14 | |
| The Edict enforced | 14 | |
| Plans for Resistance by the Moriscoes | 15 | |
| Their Descent on Granada | 16 | |
| Failure of the Attempt | 16 | |
| General Insurrection | 17 | |
| Election of a King | 17 | |
| Character of Aben-Humeya | 18 | |
| His Coronation | 18 | |
| His Preparations for Defence | 19 | |
| The Christian Population | 19 | |
| Unsuspicious of their Danger | 19 | |
| Attacked by the Moors—Panic | 20 | |
| General Massacre | 21 | |
| Horrible Cruelties | 21 | |
| Fate of the Women and Children | 22 | |
| Fierceness of Aben-Farax | 23 | |
| Deposed from his Command | 23 | |
| CHAPTER III. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 24 | |
| Consternation in the Capital | 24 | |
| Mutual Fears of the Two Races | 24 | |
| Garrison of the Alhambra strengthened | 25 | |
| Troops mustered by Mondejar | 25 | |
| Civic Militia—Feudal Levies | 25 | |
| Warlike Ecclesiastics | 26 | |
| March of the Army | 26 | |
| Pass of Tablate | 27 | |
| Bridge crossed by a Friar | 27 | |
| The Army follows | 28 | |
| The Moriscoes withdraw | 28 | |
| Entrance into the Alpujarras | 28 | |
| Night Encampment at Lanjaron | 29 | |
| Relief of Orgiba | 29 | |
| Mondejar pursues his March | 30 | |
| Gloom of the Mountain Scenery | 30 | |
| Defile of Alfajarali | 30 | |
| Sudden Attack | 30 | |
| Bravery of the Andalusian Knights | 31 | |
| Precipitate Retreat of the Moriscoes | 31 | |
| Capture of Bubion | 31 | |
| Humanity of Mondejar | 31 | |
| Sufferings of the Army | 32 | |
| Capture of Jubíles | 33 | |
| Prisoners protected by Mondejar | 33 | |
| Massacred by the Soldiers | 33 | |
| Christian Women sent to Granada | 34 | |
| Welcomed by the Inhabitants | 34 | |
| CHAPTER IV. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 35 | |
| Mondejar's Policy | 35 | |
| Aben-Humeya at Paterna | 35 | |
| Offers to Surrender | 36 | |
| Flight to the Sierra Nevada | 36 | |
| Disposition of the Moorish Prisoners | 37 | |
| Attack on Las Guájaras | 38 | |
| Evacuated by the Garrison | 38 | |
| Massacre ordered by Mondejar | 38 | |
| Cruelty of the Count of Tendilla | 39 | |
| Attempt to capture Aben-Humeya | 39 | |
| His Escape | 40 | |
| Heroism of Aben-Aboo | 40 | |
| The Marquis of Los Velez | 40 | |
| His Campaign in the Alpujarras | 41 | |
| Cruelties committed by the Troops | 41 | |
| Celebration of a religious Fête | 42 | |
| Licentiousness of the Soldiery | 42 | |
| Contrast between Mondejar and Los Velez | 43 | |
| Accusations against the former | 44 | |
| Decision arrived at in Madrid | 44 | |
| Effect on the Army | 45 | |
| Moorish Prisoners in Granada | 45 | |
| Rumours circulated in the Capital | 45 | |
| Night Attack on the Prisoners | 46 | |
| Fearful Struggle and Massacre | 46 | |
| Apathy of the Government | 47 | |
| Renewal of the Insurrection | 47 | |
| CHAPTER V. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 48 | |
| Don John of Austria | 48 | |
| Birth and Early History | 49 | |
| Placed under the Care of Quixada | 49 | |
| Secresy in regard to his Origin | 50 | |
| The young Geronimo at Yuste | 50 | |
| Testamentary Depositions of the Emperor | 51 | |
| The Boy presented to the Regent | 51 | |
| Curious Scene | 52 | |
| Meeting appointed with the King | 53 | |
| Philip acknowledges his Brother | 53 | |
| Assigns him an Establishment | 54 | |
| Royal Triumvirate at Alcalá | 54 | |
| Chivalrous Character of Don John | 55 | |
| His adventurous Disposition | 55 | |
| He is entrusted with the Command of a Fleet | 56 | |
| His Cruise in the Mediterranean | 56 | |
| He is selected for the Command in Granada | 57 | |
| Restrictions on his Authority | 57 | |
| His Reception at Granada | 57 | |
| Answers to Petitioners | 58 | |
| Discussions in the Council of War | 59 | |
| New Levies summoned | 59 | |
| Increased Power of Aben-Humeya | 60 | |
| Forays into the Christian Territory | 60 | |
| Movements of Los Velez | 61 | |
| Extension of the Rebellion | 61 | |
| Successful Expedition of Requesens | 61 | |
| Moriscoes lay Siege to Seron | 62 | |
| Surrender and Massacre of the Garrison | 62 | |
| Decree for removing the Moriscoes from Granada | 63 | |
| Their Consternation and Grief | 63 | |
| Expulsion from the City | 64 | |
| Farewell to their ancient Home | 64 | |
| Distribution through the Country | 64 | |
| Ruinous Effects on Granada | 65 | |
| Character of the Transaction | 66 | |
| CHAPTER VI. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 66 | |
| State of the Troops under Los Velez | 66 | |
| Encounter with Aben-Humeya | 67 | |
| Flight of the Morisco Prince | 67 | |
| Desertions from the Spanish Camp | 68 | |
| Mondejar recalled to Court | 68 | |
| His Character | 68 | |
| Exterminating Policy of the Government | 69 | |
| Sensual Tyranny of Aben-Humeya | 69 | |
| Treachery towards Diego Alguazil | 70 | |
| Plan of Revenge formed by Alguazil | 71 | |
| Conspiracy against Aben-Humeya | 71 | |
| His Assassination | 72 | |
| He is succeeded by Aben-Aboo | 72 | |
| Energy of the new Chief | 73 | |
| Repulse at Orgiba | 73 | |
| The Place evacuated by the Garrison | 74 | |
| Continual Forays | 74 | |
| Conflicts in the Vega | 75 | |
| Don John's desire for Action | 75 | |
| Philip yields to his Entreaties | 76 | |
| Preparations for the Campaign | 76 | |
| Surprise of Guejar | 76 | |
| Mortification of Don John | 77 | |
| Mendoza the Historian | 77 | |
| CHAPTER VII. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 79 | |
| Philip's Instructions to his Brother | 80 | |
| Don John takes the Field | 80 | |
| Discontent of Los Velez | 80 | |
| His Meeting with Don John | 81 | |
| He retires from the War | 81 | |
| Investment of Galera | 82 | |
| Description of the Place | 82 | |
| Munitions and Garrison | 83 | |
| Establishment of Batteries | 84 | |
| The Siege opened | 84 | |
| First Assault | 84 | |
| Spaniards repulsed | 85 | |
| Mines opened in the Rock | 86 | |
| Second Assault | 86 | |
| Explosion of the Mine | 87 | |
| Troops rash to the Attack | 87 | |
| Struggle at the Ravelin | 87 | |
| Bravery of the Morisco Women | 87 | |
| Ill Success of Padilla | 87 | |
| Failure of the Attack | 88 | |
| Insubordination of the Troops | 88 | |
| Severe Loss of the Spaniards | 88 | |
| Bloody Determination of Don John | 89 | |
| Prudent Advice of Philip | 89 | |
| Condition of the Besieged | 89 | |
| Preparations for a last Attack | 90 | |
| Cannonade and Explosions | 91 | |
| Third Assault | 91 | |
| Irresistible Fury of the Spaniards | 91 | |
| Struggle in the Streets and Houses | 92 | |
| Desperation of the Inhabitants | 92 | |
| Inhumanity of the Conqueror | 92 | |
| Wholesale Massacre | 92 | |
| The Town demolished | 94 | |
| Tidings communicated to Philip | 94 | |
| Reputation gained by Don John | 94 | |
| CHAPTER VIII. | ||
| Rebellion of the Moriscoes | 95 | |
| Seron reconnoitred | 95 | |
| Sudden Attack by the Moriscoes | 95 | |
| Army thrown into Confusion | 96 | |
| Indignation of Don John | 96 | |
| Death of Quixada | 97 | |
| His Character | 98 | |
| Doña Magdalena de Ulloa | 98 | |
| Rapid Successes of Don John | 98 | |
| Negotiations opened with El Habaqui | 99 | |
| Merciless Pursuit of the Rebels | 99 | |
| Guerilla Warfare | 99 | |
| Conferences at Fondon | 100 | |
| Aben-Aboo consents to treat | 100 | |
| Arrangement concluded | 100 | |
| Submission tendered by El Habaqui | 101 | |
| Dissatisfaction with the Treaty | 102 | |
| Vacillation of Aben-Aboo | 102 | |
| El Habaqui engages to arrest him | 103 | |
| Fate of El Habaqui | 103 | |
| Mission of Palacios | 104 | |
| His Interview with Aben-Aboo | 104 | |
| Spirited Declaration of that Chief | 104 | |
| Stern Resolve of the Government | 104 | |
| War of Extermination | 105 | |
| Expedition of the Duke of Arcos | 105 | |
| March across the Plain of Calaluz | 106 | |
| Engagement with the Moriscoes | 106 | |
| The Rebellion crushed | 106 | |
| Edict of Expulsion | 106 | |
| Removal of the Moriscoes | 107 | |
| Don John's Impatience to Resign | 108 | |
| His Final Dispositions | 108 | |
| Hiding-place of Aben-Aboo | 109 | |
| Plot formed for his Capture | 109 | |
| His Interview with El Senix | 109 | |
| His Murder | 110 | |
| His Body brought to Granada | 110 | |
| His Head placed in a Cage | 110 | |
| Remarks on his Career | 111 | |
| Wasted Condition of the Country | 112 | |
| The scattered Moriscoes | 112 | |
| Cruelly treated by the Government | 112 | |
| Their Industry and Cheerfulness | 113 | |
| Increase of their Numbers | 113 | |
| They preserve their National Feeling | 114 | |
| Mutual Hatred of the Two Races | 114 | |
| Expulsion of the Moriscoes from Spain | 114 | |
| Works of Marmol and Circourt | 114 | |
| CHAPTER IX. | ||
| War with the Turks | 116 | |
| Sultan Selim the Second | 116 | |
| Determines on the Conquest of Cyprus | 116 | |
| Spirit of Pius the Fifth | 117 | |
| His Appeal to Philip | 117 | |
| King's Entrance into Seville | 117 | |
| Determines to join the League | 118 | |
| Capture of Nicosia | 118 | |
| Vacillating Conduct of Venice | 118 | |
| Meeting of Deputies at Rome | 119 | |
| Treaty of Confederation | 119 | |
| Ratified and proclaimed | 120 | |
| Turkish Fleet in the Adriatic | 120 | |
| Papal Legate at Madrid | 120 | |
| Concessions to the Crown | 121 | |
| Fleets of Venice and Rome | 121 | |
| Preparations in Spain | 121 | |
| Enthusiasm of the Nation | 122 | |
| Don John's Departure | 122 | |
| His Reception at Naples | 128 | |
| His noble Appearance | 123 | |
| Accomplishments and Popularity | 123 | |
| Presentation of the Consecrated Standard | 124 | |
| Arrival at Messina | 124 | |
| Grand Naval Spectacle | 124 | |
| Strength and Condition of the Fleets | 125 | |
| Discretion of the Generalissimo | 125 | |
| Communications from the Pope | 126 | |
| Departure from Messina | 126 | |
| CHAPTER X. | ||
| War with the Turks | 126 | |
| Arrival at Corfu | 127 | |
| Council of War | 127 | |
| Resolution to give Battle | 127 | |
| Arbitrary Conduct of Veniero | 128 | |
| Passage across the Sea of Iona | 128 | |
| Fall of Famagosta | 128 | |
| The Enemy in Sight | 129 | |
| Preparations for Combat | 129 | |
| Final Instructions of Don John | 129 | |
| Approach of the Turkish Fleet | 130 | |
| Its Form and Disposition | 130 | |
| Change in the order of Battle | 131 | |
| Last Preparation of the Christians | 131 | |
| Battle of Lepanto | 132 | |
| Left Wing of the Allies turned | 132 | |
| Right Wing, under Doria, broken | 132 | |
| Don John and Ali Pasha engaged | 133 | |
| Superior Fire of the Spaniards | 133 | |
| Bird's-eye View of the Scene | 134 | |
| Venetians victorious on the Left | 134 | |
| Continued Struggle in the Centre | 135 | |
| Turkish Admiral boarded | 135 | |
| Death of Ali Pasha | 135 | |
| Victory of the Christians | 136 | |
| Flight of Uluch Ali | 137 | |
| Chase and Escape | 137 | |
| Allies take Shelter in Petala | 137 | |
| CHAPTER XI. | ||
| War with the Turks | 137 | |
| Losses of the Combatants | 137 | |
| Turkish Armada annihilated | 138 | |
| Roll of Slaughter and Fame | 138 | |
| Exploits of Farnese | 138 | |
| Noble Spirit of Cervantes | 139 | |
| Sons of Ali Pasha Prisoners | 139 | |
| Generously treated by Don John | 139 | |
| His Conduct towards Veniero | 140 | |
| Operations suspended | 141 | |
| Triumphant Return to Messina | 141 | |
| Celebrations in Honour of the Victory | 141 | |
| Tidings despatched to Spain | 142 | |
| Philip's reception of them | 142 | |
| Acknowledgments to his Brother | 143 | |
| Don John's Conduct criticised | 144 | |
| Real Fruits of the Victory | 145 | |
| Delay in resuming Operations | 145 | |
| Death of Pius the Fifth | 145 | |
| Philip's Distrust | 146 | |
| Permits his Brother to Sail | 146 | |
| Turks decline to accept Battle | 147 | |
| Anniversary of Lepanto | 147 | |
| Allies disband their Forces | 147 | |
| Perfidy of Venice | 147 | |
| The League dissolved | 148 | |
| Tunis taken by Don John | 148 | |
| He provides for its Security | 149 | |
| Returns to Naples | 149 | |
| His Mode of Life there | 150 | |
| His Schemes of Dominion | 150 | |
| Tunis retaken by the Moslems | 150 | |
| Don John's Mission to Genoa | 151 | |
| He prepares a fresh Armament | 151 | |
| His Disappointment and Return to Madrid | 151 | |
| BOOK VI. | ||
| CHAPTER I. | ||
| Domestic Affairs of Spain | 153 | |
| Internal Administration | 153 | |
| Revolutions under Isabella and Charles V. | 153 | |
| Absolute Power of the Crown | 154 | |
| Contrast between Charles and Philip | 154 | |
| The latter wholly a Spaniard | 154 | |
| The Royal Councils | 155 | |
| Principal Advisers of the Crown | 155 | |
| Character of Ruy Gomez de Silva | 155 | |
| Figueroa, Count of Feria | 157 | |
| Cardinal Espinosa | 157 | |
| Two Parties in the Council | 159 | |
| Balance held by Philip | 159 | |
| His Manner of transacting Business | 159 | |
| His Assiduity | 160 | |
| His Mode of dividing the Day | 161 | |
| His Love of Solitude | 161 | |
| Extent of his Information | 161 | |
| Partial Confidence in his Ministers | 162 | |
| His Frugality | 162 | |
| His magnificent Establishment | 162 | |
| His fatal Habit of Procrastination | 163 | |
| Remonstrances of his Almoner | 164 | |
| Habits of the great Nobles | 164 | |
| Manners of the Court | 165 | |
| Degeneracy of the Nobles | 165 | |
| Splendour of their Households | 165 | |
| Loss of Political Power | 166 | |
| Depressed Condition of the Commons | 166 | |
| Petitions of the Cortes | 166 | |
| Their Remonstrance against Arbitrary Government | 167 | |
| Their Regard for the National Interests | 167 | |
| Erroneous Notions respecting Commerce | 168 | |
| Sumptuary Laws | 168 | |
| Encouragement of Bull-Fights | 169 | |
| Various Subjects of Legislation | 169 | |
| Schools and Universities | 170 | |
| Royal Pragmatics | 170 | |
| Philip's Replies to the Cortes | 170 | |
| Freedom of Discussion | 171 | |
| Standing Army | 171 | |
| Guards of Castile | 171 | |
| CHAPTER II. | ||
| Domestic Affairs of Spain | 172 | |
| Philip the Champion of the Faith | 172 | |
| Endowments of the Church | 172 | |
| Alienations in Mortmain | 172 | |
| Disputed Prerogatives | 173 | |
| Appointments to Benefices | 173 | |
| The Clergy dependent on the Crown | 174 | |
| The Escorial | 174 | |
| Motives for its Erection | 174 | |
| Site selected | 175 | |
| Convent founded | 175 | |
| Royal Humility | 176 | |
| Building commenced | 176 | |
| Philip's Interest in it | 177 | |
| His Architectural Taste | 177 | |
| His Oversight of the Work | 177 | |
| He governs the World from the Escorial | 178 | |
| The Edifice endangered by Fire | 178 | |
| Materials used in its Construction | 179 | |
| Artists employed | 179 | |
| Philip's Fondness for Art | 180 | |
| Completion of the Escorial | 180 | |
| The Architects | 180 | |
| Character of the Structure | 181 | |
| Its Whimsical Design | 181 | |
| Its Magnitude | 181 | |
| Interior Decorations | 182 | |
| Ravages it has undergone | 182 | |
| Its present Condition | 182 | |
| Anne of Austria | 183 | |
| Her Reception in Spain | 183 | |
| Her Marriage with Philip | 184 | |
| Her Residence at the Escorial | 185 | |
| Her Character and Habits | 185 | |
| Her Death | 185 | |