WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
History of the Thirty-Ninth Congress of the United States cover

History of the Thirty-Ninth Congress of the United States

Chapter 58: THE END.
Open in WeRead

About This Book

A chronological, debate-centered account of the Thirty-Ninth United States Congress that reviews its organization, committee structures, and key legislative battles during Reconstruction. It summarizes debates, roll calls, and committee actions on measures including suffrage for the District of Columbia, provisions for freedmen and the Freedmen's Bureau, the President's veto and congressional responses, and the Civil Rights bill, illustrating procedural maneuvers, amendments, and partisan divisions. Portraits of notable legislators, abridged excerpts from speeches, and descriptions of floor practice convey how lawmaking unfolded amid questions of citizenship, suffrage, and federal authority, while acknowledging omissions and the limits of a condensed narrative.

PRESIDENCY, negroes allowed to compete for, 222, 229.

PRESIDENT Johnson, duty of Congress to sustain, 41; Congress not to be bound by his opinion, 42; reluctance of Congress to break with, 94; described as whitewashing, 99; not a "summer soldier," 100; his character as a witness vindicated, 101; restores the habeas corpus, 123; views on good faith to freedmen, 131; policy of restoring lands to rebel owners, 143; veto of Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 164; answered by Mr. Trumbull, 171; veto of the Civil Rights Bill, 245; his controversy with Congress, 262; harmony desirable, 269; his dictation to Congress opposed, 276; defended by Mr. Lane, of Kansas, 280; wearing his collar, 181; as Moses of the negroes, 282; not infallible, 283; his defection and its effect, 294; his invitation to Congress, 314; the Constitutional Amendment construed as an attack upon, 343; speaks through an "unusual conduit," 366; effect of his dictation, 372; effect of his speech, 419; description of, 423; effect of his opposition to reconstruction, 451; his patriotic duty, 459; eulogy on, 460; charged with responsibility for the state of the country, 463; taking "ministerial steps," 464; his influence in Tennessee, 473; his protest against a preamble, 477; veto of the Suffrage Bill, 500; his usurpations, 508; how long he governed the South, 519; his greatness, 520; hope for harmony with, 524; hope only in the removal of, 526; his course rendering military reconstruction necessary, 527; how he executed the law for two years, 536; his terms towards Congress, 561; his 22d February speech, 563; before the people, 564; his vetoes, impeachment proposed, 566; resolution complimentary to, 571.

PRESIDENT of the Senate, the office vacated and assumed, 576.

PRIVILEGES and immunities of a Member of Congress, 575.

PROGRESS, in six years,—a scene in the Senate, 389.

PROGRESS, the tide of, cannot be stayed, 400.

PROPERTY qualification may be restored in South Carolina, 332.

PROSPECTS, brilliant, before the country, 394.

PUBLIC justice slow, but sure, 287.

PUBLIC Lands, Committee on, 30.

PUNISHMENT and reward, Mr. Hendricks and Mr. Sumner, 413.

PUNISHMENT of the Southern States, 395.

QUALIFICATION of Members decided upon by each House separately, 39.

RACES, differences in, cannot be obliterated, 56; diversity of opinion concerning, 360.

RADICAL bull taken by the horns, 314.

RADICAL and Conservative policy contrasted, 320; different in details, not in essence, 322.

RADICALISM, no danger of shipwreck from, 462.

RADICAL majority, its ranks strengthened, 294.

RADICAL principles indestructible, 428.

RADICALS, their purpose to be rational, 489.

RAIL-SPLITTER and tailor-boy, 400.

READING and writing as a qualification for voting, 487; Mr. Dixon's proposition, 495; lost, 499.

REAM, Miss Minnie, her commission to make a statue of Lincoln, 470.

REBELLION, its surviving strength, 527.

    REBELS, their hatred of the negro, 76;
      retributive justice to, 77;
      what is expected of them, 133;
      authority should not be restored to, 122;
      should be trusted, 223, 386;
      their confidence to be won, 228;
      not to be conciliated by the sacrifice of the freedmen, 231;
      not to be deprived of citizenship, 233;
      called "the nation's dead," 364;
      reply, 370;
      sufficiently punished, should be reädmitted, 429;
      instructions to, 426;
      proposition to disfranchise, 436;
      opposed, 438;
      the number who would be disfranchised, 440;
      their disfranchisement passes the House, 450;
      rejected in the Senate, 455;
      the most guilty, 448;
      in Congress, six years ago, 449;
      generosity towards, illustrated, 461;
      their conduct gives justice to the negro, 516.

    REBEL States, their status, 37, 41, 45;
      facts respecting, 46;
      cannot destroy the Union, 145;
      their treatment of the negro, 153;
      their lack of representation no obstacle to legislation, 185;
      should not deprive loyal States of the power to legislate, 254;
      laws of, oppressive to freedmen, 261;
      how their absence affects legislation, 268;
      dead, 308;
      how restored, 309;
      how they lost their existence, 321;
      never out of the Union, 314;
      how should be treated, 318;
      bill to restore to political rights introduced, 502;
      Mr. Stevens' labor upon it, 528.

REBEL war, novel theory of, 509.

RECONSTRUCTION, as begun by President Johnson, 14; resolution to appoint a committee on, 34, 48; committee on, 49; their appointment, how regarded, 307; first report of committee on, 324; committee on, denounced, 441; its consummation eloquently portrayed, 448; Report on, 466; three modes of, 503; character of the committee on, 513; styled "Maelstrom Committee," 519.

RECONSTRUCTION Amendment proposed, 435; denounced as revolutionary, 437; passage in the House, 450; influence of the Democrats in passing, 451; length of debate on, in the Senate, 453; amendments and substitutes proposed, 454, 455; "stupendous mercy," 461; passage, 462, 463; its form, 463; transmitted to the States, 465.

REEL in the bottle, 415.

REFUGEES, their stories, 523.

RELIGION, appealed to, 458.

REMARKABLE combination of Senators, 415.

REPRESENTATION, Constitutional Amendment concerning, proposed, 324.

REPRESENTATION, modes of, considered, 330; the old rule of, arbitrary, 344; of Southern States, resolution concerning, 417; passage, 433; "straw in a storm," 422; "useless, yet mischievous," 432.

REPRESENTATIVES, seats of, 25.

REPRIMAND of Mr. Rosseau, 574.

REPUBLIC, American idea of, historical summary, 375; its overthrow lamented, 507.

REPUBLICANISM, its meaning, 477.

REPUBLICAN Government denied to the District of Columbia, 90; how guaranteed, 311; what constitutes, 356; inconsistent with denial of right of suffrage, 340; opinion of the fathers concerning, 385.

REPUBLICAN Party, its success or failure, 88; Rousseau's remark upon, 151; its responsibility, 306; declared by Mr. Stevens not responsible for his opinions, 308; its demands, 323; its negro capital, 361; alone benefited by change in Basis of Representation, 362; how it may retain power, 395; history and triumph of, 429; its "scheme," 442; its position defined, 443; its desire, 510.

REVOLUTION, a Constitutional and peaceful, 206; produced by Civil Rights Bill, 287, 288.

"RICH man's war, and poor man's fight," 446.

RIGHTS, danger of denying, 88; of voting essential to the enjoyment of other rights, 92; as affected by emancipation, 328.

ROUSSEAU and Grinnell, affair of, 151, 572.

ROME, her treatment of conquered Latium, 314; her noble "bloods" lost, 338; she rebukes America, 392.

    RUSSIA, an example of, 99;
      Czar of, his example cited, 155.

SAVIOUR of the world found his followers among the poor, 88.

SARSAPARILLA and the ballot, 163.

SCHOOLS for freedmen should be provided by Government, 130; of colored people in the District of Columbia, 59.

SCHURZ, General, evidence of his report, 76, 563.

SCOTT, General, his death, 459; funeral and statue, 570.

SECESSION, Ordinance of, a nullity, 314.

SELF government, a right, 61.

SELF preservation, a right of the nation, 522.

SEATS, selection of, 23, 24.

SENATE, opening scenes in, 14; supposed division of, 431; its proper business and mischievous business, 460.

SENATOR, the Greek, and the Sparrow, 93.

SENATORS not legislators for their own States alone, 186; republican, as they appeared after a caucus, 456.

SERAPIS, destruction of the statue of, 145.

SEWARD, Secretary, his despatch to Minister Adams, 71; and the nobleman's dog, 509; defended, 512.

SHERMAN, General, his order assigning lands to freedmen, 114, 128.

SHERMAN'S Amendment to the Military Reconstruction Bill, 534.

SLAVE, the, under American law, 197.

SLAVEHOLDER, the last in America, 127.

SLAVES have supported themselves and their masters, 70.

    SLAVERY, its evil influence, 87;
      dead, 102;
      its destruction, 145;
      abolition of, duty consequent upon, 188;
      voted perpetual by Congress, 230;
      right of U. S. to prohibit, 319;
      not confined to the African race, 348, 349.

SMALL, the negro pilot, 71.

SOUTH, what constitutes the, 57.

SOUTH CAROLINA attempts to keep the slave in bondage, 96; her laws against the negro, 146; her representation to be reduced, 331; and Wisconsin, inequality in representation, 334; her numbers of whites and negroes, 334; how she may evade the Constitutional Amendment, 341; President Johnson's advice to, 562.

SOUTHERN people, their kind feeling towards negroes, 227; a majority opposed to secession, 446; their disposition, 470; advised to strike for liberty, 494.

SOUTHERN States, number of illiterate persons in, 146; in a better condition than to be expected, 109; their representatives should be admitted, 355; the numbers disfranchised by them, 365; an appeal to their love of power, 369; anti-republican, 376; punishment of, 395; not kept out by New England jealousy, 403; their losses in the war, 408; revolution relating to, 417; their relation to the Union unchanged, 427.

SOVEREIGNTIES, divided, essential to the existence of the nation, 267.

SPEAKER of the House, his influence upon legislation, 576.

SPECIE payments, when to be reached, 556.

STARS of heaven and the constellation of the States, 144.

STATE of the country, unparalleled, 178.

STATESMANSHIP the rule of, 539; what constitutes, 532.

STATESMEN of the North and South, 384.

STATE sovereignty, the doctrine destroyed, 319.

    STATES rights defined, 228;
      Civil Rights Bill endangers, 222, 236;
      answered, 240.

    STATES reserved the right to confer citizenship, 265;
      the number recognized by the President, 335;
      South and North, their ratio of representation compared, 344.

STATISTICS of Freedmen's Bureau, 154, 182.

STATUTES declaring what the law is, common, 254.

STEWART'S proposition for universal suffrage, 435.

ST. DOMINGO, insurrection in, without a parallel, 68.

STOCKBRIDGE Indians naturalized, 233.

STORY, Justice, as quoted by President Johnson, 500.

SUBJECTS, who are, how made citizens, 232.

SUFFRAGE in the District of Columbia, bill extending, 51; the first act in a political drama, 54; not prematurely proposed, 91.

SUFFRAGE limited by the influence of slavery, 52; negro to be effected by Constitutional Amendment, 327; the proper basis of representation, 335; the right of, Congress may regulate, 364; negro or rebel? 383; impartial, advocated by Mr. Yates, 398; by Mr. Pomeroy, 404; female, advocated and opposed, 488; advocated by Mr. Wade, 490; rejected, 495; its true base, 495.

SUN obscured by Congressional acts, 337.

SUPPLEMENTARY Reconstruction Bill, 550.

SYMPATHIZERS, Northern, with rebellion, 78.

TACTICS, Parliamentary, 418.

TARIFF, subject of the, 554; bill, 555.

TAXATION without representation opposed, 326, 333; proposed exemption of unrepresented negroes from, 386; the principle of, announced, 555.

TEARS for the slave, 192.

TEMPTATION to be friends of the President, 564.

TENNESSEE, efforts of members to gain admission, 17; effect of veto of Freedmen's Bureau on the admission of, 418; right of Congress to inquire into the loyalty of, 424; her reädmission anticipated, 448; first to ratify the Constitutional Amendment, 473; resolution for restoring representation to, 474; its passage, 476.

TENURE of office, bill to regulate, 559.

TERMS of surrender to be fixed by the President, 319.

TERRITORIAL Government proper for rebel States, 312.

TERRITORIES, democratic doctrine on, fruits of, 442.

TEST Oath, 21; should be modified, 47; resolution to modify the, 480; opposed by Mr. Stokes, 480; by Mr. Conkling; laid on the table, 481.

TEXAS, citizenship conferred on the people by legislation, 198; negroes in, unaware of their freedom, 393.

TIME proper for amending the Constitution, 345, 352, 355.

TOOMBS and his gang make a "hell of legislation," 449.

TOWNSEND'S Sarsaparilla, and suffrage, 530.

TRANQUILLITY impossible while rights are denied a portion of the people, 486.

TREASON, charge, of resented, 284.

TRIBUNES of Borne, their "veto," 278.

TROUBLE with the negro, how ended, 390.

TRUMBULL, Senator, his visit to the President, 262, 283.

UNION Party of 1861, its policy on slavery, 342; its position defined, 443.

UNION to be dissolved by act of Congress, 40; under the Constitution and old confederation, 316; means of having a prosperous, 461.

UNIVERSAL suffrage, its sure triumph, 400.

"VENOMOUS fight," a, 419.

VERBAL details, criticism on, deprecated, 520.

VETO, of the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 165; bill fails to pass over, in the Senate, 187; Mr. Raymond desirous of avoiding, 235; of Civil Rights Bill, 246; efforts of Congress to avoid, 262; appeal of Senator Andrew Johnson against, 264; power of the Executive, 278; of the second Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 302; of the District of Columbia Suffrage Bill, 500; of Military Reconstruction Bill, 542; of Tenure of Office Bill, 560

VETOES, summary of, 565.

VIRGINIA, her legislation concerning citizenship, 349.

VIRGINIANS, probable effect of negro suffrage upon, 498.

VOTE on appointment of Reconstruction Committee, 35, 48; on Negro Suffrage, 93; on Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 136, 157, 187; on Civil Rights Bill, 219, 243; on veto of Civil Rights Bill, 288, 289; on Reconstruction Amendment, 450; on Basis of Representation, 371, 416; on Military Reconstruction Bill, 535.

VOTES of disfranchised persons in the Electoral College, 329.

VOTERS, objections to, as basis of representation, 351.

VOTERS, qualifications of, under the Military Reconstruction Bill, 550.

VOTING, the mode of in Joint Committees, 39.

VOTING, the right of, not correlative with the duty to bear arms, 493; population in States, old and new, 335.

WADE accused of secession sentiments, 428.

    WAR, effects of the, 62;
      opinions of General Grant and the Attorney General on its
        termination, 123;
      results of the, 209.

WAR of races, how produced, 75; how avoided, 383.

WAR power of the Freedmen's Bureau, 125.

WAR, the only remaining means of preserving civil liberty, 519; difficulty of raising soldiers for such a, 521.

WASHINGTON City thriftless under the rule of slavery, 52; schools and churches of colored population in, 59; negroes in, their property and patriotism, 71; its situation, 571.

WASHINGTON, George, on alterations of the Constitution, 358.

WAYS and Means, Committee on, 29.

WELFARE, public, subserved by passage of Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 149.

WHIPPING negroes to disfranchise them, 504.

"WHITE-MAN'S Government," this is not exclusively, 57, 61; the idea opposed, 207; eloquent passage concerning, 391; answer to, 396.

"WHITE," mistake of Colorado in using the word, 559.

WHITE people, civilized governments intended for, 60; sometimes vote wrong, 79; never legally slaves, 370; not discriminated against, 258; recipients of bounty of Freedmen's Bureau, 163; General Fiske's statement, 182.

WHITE population to be crowded out by blacks, 150.

WHITE soldiers did more than black, 66.

"WHITEWASHING," charged against the President, 99, 563.

WISCONSIN, instructions to the Senators of, 286; and South Carolina, their unequal representation, 334; her declaration on negro suffrage, 394; radicals of, Doolittle against the, 533.

WOMEN, crusade against, deprecated, 370.

YOUNG gentlemen in Congress, suggestions to, 529.

THE END.