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Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines

Chapter 39: E.
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About This Book

This work examines domestic architecture among indigenous American peoples, arguing that dwelling forms reveal social organization, kinship patterns, and stages of cultural development. It emphasizes communal and joint-tenement houses—often organized around maternal kin or gens—contrasting simpler longhouse arrangements with more complex adobe and stone tenements that accompany agricultural advancement. The text outlines kinship units (gens, phratry, tribe), proposes a periodization marked by technologies such as pottery and adobe, surveys regional house types from mound-builders to southern adobe communities, and offers methodological suggestions for archaeological study of ruins and household life.

INDEX.

A.

  Abert, J. W., cited
  Aboriginal history perverted
  Acosta, J. de, cited
  Adair, J., cited
  Adobe houses, ruins of
        mortar
  Aleuts, communal dwellings
          hospitality of the
  Altars, Mound-Builders'
  Amidas, P.
  Ancient society, uniformity in the plan of
  Anonymous Conqueror
  Arroyo pueblo
  Arickarees
  Athenian tribes, coalescence of
  Atolli
  Aztec Confederacy
  Aztecs, cremation among the
          eating customs of the
          extravagant accounts concerning the
          governmental institutions of the
          houses of the
          social system of the

B.

  Bachofen, Professor
  Bancroft, H. H.
            cited
  Bandelier, A. F., cited
  Barlow, Arthur
  Bartram, John, cited
  Brasseur de Bourbourg, C. E.

C.

  Calpulli
  Caribs, communal dwellings of the
          houses of the
  Carver, J., cited
  Casa Cerrada or closed house
  Castanyada, S. de N., cited
  Catlin, G., cited
  Champlain, S. de, cited
  Chiapas, village of
  Chickasas, gentes and phratries
  Chilluckittequaw, hospitality of the
  Chimneys, absence of
            unknown in Yucatan and Central America
  Chinooks, houses of the
  Chocta, gentes and phratries
  Chopunish, house of the
  Cibola, Seven Cities of
                       site of the
  Clahclellahs, houses of the
  Clan, the Scottish
  Clarke, J. S.
  Clatsops, houses of the
  Clavigero, F. S. cited
  Columbus, Christopher
  Communal dwellings
                     of tribes in Lower Status of barbarism
                     of tribes in savagery
                     of Village Indians of New Mexico
  Communism among ancient Mexicans
            in living
            in relation to dwellings
  Confederacies, origin of
  Confederacy confined to a common language
              Iroquois. See Iroquois Confederacy.
              of the Aztecs
                     Creek
                     Dakota
                     Moki
                     Ottawa
              the nearest analogue of nation
  Copan grave posts
        idols
  Coronado, F. V., cited
  Core used in the architecture of Yucatan
  Cortez, F.
          cited
  Coues, E., cited
  Creek Confederacy
  Creek Indians, communal dwellings of the
  Crees
  Cremation among Mound-Builders
            practice of, among the Aztecs
                                   Mayas
                                   Tlascalans
  Crossman, Captain, cited
  Culture periods
  Curia, the Roman
  Cutler, J. G.

D.

  Dakota League
         lodge described
  Dakotans, communism of the
  Dall, W. H., cited
  Dankers, Jasper, cited
  Delawares, communism of the
             eating customs of the
             hospitality of the
  Descent in female line in archaic period
  De Soto, Hernando, cited
  Diaz, Bernal, cited
  Dwellings, communal. See Communial dwellings.

E.

  Earth works, object of the
               size of the
  Embankments as base of houses
  Emory, General W. H., cited
  Eskimos
  Ethnic or culture periods
  Exaggerations in the accounts of the ancient Mexicans.

F.

  Feudalism, absence of in America
  Food, joint ownership in
  Foster, J. W.
  Frontenac, L. de B.
  Funeral practice, organization at.

G.

  Galbraith, F. G.
  Garcilasso de la Vega
  Gardens, artificial
  Gens, archaic form
        as it exists among American aborigines
        founded upon kin
        intermarriage in, prohibited
        Iroquois
                rights, privileges, and obligations
        number of persons in
        rights, privileges, and obligations of
        stages of development
        the Greek
        the Latin
        the Sanskrit
  Gentes and tribes formed by natural growth
         Chickasas
         Chocta
         Dakotan
         Iroquois, number of
                   list of
         Maya
         Mohegan
         named after animals
         Ojibwa
         Omaha
         similar in different tribes
         Tlingit
         transfer of, between phratries
  Gentile organization
          society distinguished from political
  Gorman, S., cited
  Government, growth of the idea of
              plan of among American aborigines
              stages in the development of
  Governor's House
  Granganimeo
  Grave posts of chiefs
  Greenbalgh
            cited
  Grenville, R.
  Grijalva, J., cited
  Guerra, C., cited
  Gyneocracy among the Iroquois.

H.

  Halls unknown in Indian architecture
  Hayden, F. V.
  Heckewelder, J. cited
  Heffernan
  Herrera, A. de, cited
  Hiawatha
  High-Bank pueblo described
  Hindus, communal customs among the
  Hospitality general among Indians of America
              law of
              of the Aleuts
                     Delawares
                     Indians of California
                                Mexico, Central and South America
                                Ohio
                                South America
                                      Carolina
                                the Columbia
                                    Northwest
                     Iroquois
                     Mandans
                     Mayas
                     Nez Perces
                     North Carolina Indians
                     Onondagas
                     Pimas
                     Southern Indians
                     tribes of the Missouri
                                   Upper Mississippi
                     Village Indians of New Mexico
  House architecture modified by climate
  Household, number of persons in
  House life of the Indians
        of the Dwarf
               Nuns at Uxmal
               Old Woman
               Pigeon
               Turtle
  Houses of Central America
         capacity of the
         of Indian tribes north of New Mexico
            the Aztecs
                California Indians
                Caribs
                Chinooks
                Chopunish
                Clahclellahs
                Clatsops
                Indians of Columbia Valley

  Houses of the Kutchin
                Makah Indians
                Mandans and Minnetarees
                Maricopas and Mohaves
                Nyack Indians
                Pueblo Taos
                Uxmal
                Village Indians
                Virginia Indians
         ruins of, in Yucatan and Central America
         safe against Indian assault
  Howitt, A. W., on Australian customs.

I.

  Idols at Copan
  Indian society unlike European
  Indians, house life of the
           of Mexico and Central America, communal dwellings of the
                                                 tenure of lands
              New Mexico, communal dwellings of the
                          land customs of the
              Northwest coast, communal dwellings of the
              Peru, communism of the
           Southern, communal dwellings of the
                     eating customs of the
  Inheritance, customs of
  Iroquois, communal dwellings of the
            communion among
            confederacy
                       cohesive principles of
                       democratic
                       founded on kinship
                       general features of the
                       origin of the
                       seat of the central tribes
            Council, annual meeting of the
                     decisions of the
                     objects of the
            eating customs of the
            gens
                rights, privileges, and obligations
            gentes, number of the
                    list of the
            hospitality of the
            houses of the, described
            lands of the
            Long-House
            migration of the
            mother rights
            number of, in existence
            number of the
            phratries
            phratry, functions and uses
                     objects of the
            sachemships of the
                        table of the
            sachems, names bestowed upon
            tribal epithets
                   government
            war chiefs
  Ives, J. C., cited.

J.

  Jackson, W. H.
                 cited
  Jaramillo, Juan, cited
  Joliet, L.
  Jones, S., cited
  Jose, J.
  Jus gentilicium.

K.

  Kern
  Kinship, rights and duties of, among the Aztecs
           rights, duties, and obligations of
  Kin the basis of gentes
  Kootenays
  Kutchin, houses of the.

L.

  Lands, division of
         of the Iroquois
         ownership of, in common
                          severalty
         of Village Indians, rights in
         tenure of, among ancient Mexicans
  Languages, stock, number of
             great number of, among American aborigines
             verbal, incapable of permanence
  Lapham, J. A.
  Las Casas, B. de, cited
  Latin and Sabine gentes, coalescence of
  Lewis and Clark, cited
  Lintels of Pueblos of Mexico
             wood and stone
  Lolsel
  Long-House of the Iroquois described
                    Onondaga described
             symbol of the Iroquois Confederacy

M.

  Maine
  Maize indigenous to America
  Makah Indians, houses of the
  Mandan drying scaffolds
         houses, interior of the
         ladders
  Mandans, communal dwellings of the
           eating customs of the
           hospitality of the
           houses of the
  Marcos, Friar
  Male labor, first appearance of
  Maricopas, houses of the
  Marquette, J. cited
  Marsh, O. C.
  Maximilian, Prince
  Mayas, communism in living
                   of the
         cremation among
         gentes of the
         hospitality of the
         of Yucatan
  Meals, customs relating to
         separation of the sexes at
  Mexican houses, size of the
                  usually two stories high
          land ownership, conclusions concerning
  Mexicans, ancient inheritance among.

  Mexican tribes, migration of the
  Mexico, pueblo of
                   council-house
                   largest in America
  Migration of the Iroquois
  Migrations occur through physical causes
  Miller, D. J. cited
  Minnetarees, houses of the
  Mishonginivi, pueblo of, described
  Mitchell, H. L.
  Mohaves, houses of the
  Mohegan gentes and phratries
  Moki confederacy
       house, interior
       Pueblos
  Montezuma
           a war chief
           house of
  Montezuma's dinner
              palace
  Mortar, use of among American Indians
  Mound-Builders
                arts and industries of the
                circular enclosures of the
                cremation among the
                derived from Village Indians of New Mexico
                earth-works, uses of
                houses of the
                in Middle Status of barbarism
                migrations of the
                migrations of, affected by climate
                modification of house architecture
                probable number of
                probably derived from New Mexico
                social organization of the
                structure of, in Ohio
  Mound, Grave Creek
  Mounds at Mound City
  Murphy, H. C.

N.

  Nation, a coalition of tribes
  National Assembly, functions of
  Ncerchokioo
  Nez Perces, hospitality of the
  Norman, B. M., cited
  Nyack Indians, houses of the.

O.

  Ojibwa gentes
         lodge, description of
  Omaha gentes
  Onondaga, Long-House of the, described
  Onondagas, hospitality of the
  Onondaga village described
  Organization, social and governmental
  Otoes
  Ottawa confederacy
  Ownership of lands in severalty.

P.

  Palenque architecture
           so-called palace of the
  Parker William, a Seneca chief
  Peru, tenure of lands in
  Phrata of the Albanians
  Phratric organization at funerals
  Phratries, Chickasas
             Chocta
             composed of kindred gentes
             Mohegan
             of the Iroquois
             Thinklit
  Phratry, existence of the, in Mexico and Central America
           in the military organization
           Iroquois, functions and uses
                     objects of
           marriage in the
           older than the confederacy
           the
  Pimas, hospitality of the
  Plant life in the Rocky Mountains
  Pomeiock, village of, described
  Powell, J. W.
  Powers, Stephen, cited
  Powhattan Village, communal dwellings of the
  Prescott, W. H.
  Pueblo of Chettro Kettle, size of the
            Mexico
  Pueblos, number of persons in
           of North American, number of inhabitants
              Yucatan and Central America, population of
           size of

Q.

  Quatmozin
  Quelenes.

R.

  Raleigh, Sir Walter
  Religious beliefs
            seclusion
  Rights in lands among the Indians of Taos
  Robertson, cited
  Round towers
  Ruins, east of the Rio Grande
         in McElmo Canyon
            the San Juan district
         near base of Ute Mountain
         in Mexico
         of houses in New Mexico
            the pueblo of Bonito
                          Hungo Pavie
                          Alto
                          Chettro Kettle
                          Penyasca Blanca
                          Pintado
                          Una Vida
                          Wejegi
                          Zayi
                          Arroyo
                       on the Animas River
                                          outline plan
                                            of

S.

  Sachems of the Iroquois, names bestowed upon
  Sachemships of the Iroquois Confederacy
                              table of

  Sahagun, B. cited
  Sandhill crane
  San Juan district, ancient occupation of the
                     geographic relations of the
           Valley, altitude of
  Santo Domingo, pueblo of
  Sauks, communal dwellings of the
  Schulz, Carl
  Secotan, village of, described
  Seneca-Iroquois. See Iroquois.
  Senel
  Sept, the Irish
  Shawnees, removal of the
  Shoshones, hospitality of the
  Sibley tent, aboriginal origin of the
  Simpson, J. H.
               cited
  Sitgreave, L.
  Shuyter, Peter, cited
  Smet, P. J. de
  Smith, John, cited
  Social and governmental organization
  Society, organization of
  Sokulks, commercial dwellings of the
  Spanish accounts of Aztec society
          histories, how they should be regarded
  Squire, E. G., cited
  Squire and Davis, cited
  Steck, M.
  Stephens, J. L., cited
  Stevenson, J.
  Stevenson, Mrs. J., description of Zunyi, by
  Stones of Pueblo dwellings
  Swan, C.
  Swan, J. G., cited
  Symbol of the Iroquois Confederacy
  Syndyasmian family.

T.

  Taos, houses of
        Indians, organization of
        pueblo of described
  Teepan, or official house of the tribe
  Tenbroeck, cited
  Teuchtli
  Tlingit, gentes and phrates
  Tiotohatton, size of
               village of, described
  Tlascalans, cremation among
              the four lineages of the
  Toques
  Towers, round
  Tribal government of the Iroquois
                    stages of
  Tribe composed of gentes
        functions and attributes of
        the
  Tribe, the characteristics of
  Tribes and gentes continually forming
                    formed by natural growth
         evolved from each other
         in savagery, continual dwellings of
  Tribute and tribute lands.

U.

  Uxmal, Governor's House at
                            described
         House of the Nuns at
                             ground plan
                             room described
         structures of

V.

  Vega, Garcillasso de la, cited
  Village Indians, houses of the
                   of New Mexico, arts of
                   religious beliefs of
  Voyage to New York in 1679-1680 by Dankers and Sluyter.

W.

  Walker, F. A., on the Iroquois
  Ward, J., cited
  Whittlesry, C.
  Wocoken, island of
  Wolpi, pueblo of
  Wright, A.
  Wyth, J., cited.

Y.

Yucatan and Central American agriculture architecture confederacies general condition of the aborigines household life in Indians, condition and structures of languages of population of villages designed as fortresses ruins of houses in village life

  Yzaes
         Maya Indians of

Z.

  Zaya, apartment in
        architecture
        ground plans of
        ruins of
  Zelsales
  Zempoala described
  Zunyi, pueblo of