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How music grew, from prehistoric times to the present day cover

How music grew, from prehistoric times to the present day

Chapter 424: INDEX
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About This Book

The authors trace the development of music from its prehistoric beginnings through the music of ancient peoples, the Greeks and Orientals, medieval church practices, troubadours and folk traditions, Renaissance motets and madrigals, and the rise of opera and oratorio. They survey Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras, profile key composers and instrument evolution, and explore national schools and American contributions up to early twentieth-century currents. Written for young readers, the narrative emphasizes clear explanations, illustrations, and how social, religious, and technological forces shaped musical forms.

INDEX

  • A
  • Absolute music, 239–40, 242, 397, 422
  • Abt, Franz, 423–4
  • Adam de la Halle, 102, 112, 125
  • Aida, Verdi’s, 379–81
  • Albéniz, Isaac, 453–4
  • Alcuin, 76
  • Alfred the Great, 93
  • Alphonso XII of Spain, 453
  • Ambrose, St., 71, 72
  • America, see United States
  • American Academy in Rome, 507–8
  • American composers, 475 ff.
  • American folk music, 140–5
  • American Music Guild, the, 506–7
  • American opera companies, 514
  • American patrons of music, 512–13
  • American song writers, recent, 509–10
  • American symphony orchestras, 513–14
  • Anglican church, founding of, 188
  • Anglin, Margaret, 469
  • Antiphony, use of, by the Greeks, 41;
    • introduction into church music, 70
  • Apollo, 33–4
  • Arabia, music of, 55 ff., 209, 210;
    • the Arab scales, 58–9;
    • instruments of, 59–61
  • Arcadelt, Jacob, 157
  • Armide, Dvorak’s, 447
  • Arne, Dr. Thomas, 200, 339
  • Assyrian music, 24–5
  • Atonality, 517, 529
  • Auber, Daniel François Esprit, 333–4
  • Aulos of the Greeks, 42–3
  • Austrian National Hymn, written by Haydn, 282
  • Automatic pianos, 316–19
  • Aztecs, music of the, 53–4
  • B
  • Bach, Johann Christian, 254
  • Bach, Johann Christoph, 254
  • Bach, Johann Sebastian, 208, 211, 238, 240;
    • account of his life, 244–50;
    • his works, 250–3;
    • his sons, 253–4;
    • comparison with Handel, 255–6
  • Bach, Karl Philip Emanuel, 249, 253–4
  • Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann, 253
  • Bach Festival, yearly, at Bethlehem, Pa., 252, 464
  • Bagpipes, the Roman tibia, 45;
    • use of, by the Hindus, 66;
    • of the Bohemians, 135;
    • of Scotland, 138
  • Baif, Jean Antoine, his club of poets and musicians in France, 177
  • Balakirev, Mily, 444–5
  • Balfe, Michael William, 341
  • Ballad, the, and the ballet, 122
  • Ballet, the, at the French court in second half of the 16th century, 178
  • Band, the difference between, and an orchestra, 234
  • Bantock, Granville, 543
  • Barber of Seville, Rossini’s, 337
  • Bards of ancient Britain, 89–91
  • Barnby, Joseph, 340
  • Bartlett, Homer W., 490
  • Bartok, Béla, 536–7
  • Bauer, Marion, 507
  • Bax, Arnold, 544
  • Bay Psalm Book, the, 458
  • Bayreuth, 371–2, 373
  • Beach, Mrs. H. H. A., 480–1
  • Beaumont and Fletcher, 173
  • Bede, the venerable, 75–6, 92
  • Beethoven, Ludwig van, 293 ff.;
    • account of his life, 295–302;
    • his friendships, 298–9;
    • The Moonlight Sonata, 300, 304;
    • his three periods, and works during, 301–2;
    • his opera Fidelio, 302, 305, 306, 326;
    • influence upon the growth of music, 303–5;
    • as a composer of instrumental music, 305–6;
    • his preference in pianos, 313;
    • the Kreutzer Sonata, 324;
    • influence of, on Wagner, 360;
    • and Brahms, 418, 419;
    • “the oratorio for Boston,” 462
  • Beggar’s Opera, Gay’s, 338
  • Belasco, David, 384
  • Belgium, modern music in, 541
  • Bellini, Vincenzo, 337–8
  • Bennett, Sir William Sterndale, 340, 438
  • Berg, Alban, 533–4
  • Berkshire chamber music competition, 440
  • Berlin, Irving, 503
  • Berlioz, Hector, 386;
    • account of his life and his musical innovations, 398–403
  • Berners, Lord, 544–5
  • Bethlehem, Pa., yearly Bach Festival at, 252
  • Bible, the, mention of music in, 25 ff.
  • Bible stories, acting of, 171–3
  • Billings, William, 460–2
  • Birmingham Festivals, 339–40
  • Bispham, David, 469, 495
  • Bizet, Georges, 386, 388–9
  • Bliss, Arthur, 545
  • Bloch, Ernest, 510, 542
  • Blondel de Nesle, rescue of Richard the Lion-Hearted by, 99
  • Blow, Dr. John, 204–5
  • Bohemia, composers of, 446–8
  • Bohemian folk songs and dances, 135.
  • Bohemian Girl, The, Balfe’s, 341
  • Boieldieu, François Adrienne, 333
  • Boise, O. B., 495, 496
  • Boito, Arrigo, 381–2
  • Boleyn, Anne, 188, 189
  • Bologna, music festivals at, in the 18th century, 219
  • Bond, Carrie Jacobs, 481
  • Bori, Lucrezia, 385, 386
  • Borodin, Alexander, 444
  • Boston Handel and Haydn Society, 462
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra, the, founding of, 467
  • Bow, origin of stringed instruments from, 307
  • Boyle, George F., 496
  • Brahms, Johannes, life and work of, 418–23, 424, 426
  • Bravura pianists, the, 322
  • Brenet, Michel, quoted on development of composition, 146–7
  • Brescia, violins made in, 215
  • Bridge, Frank, 543
  • Bridge, Sir Frederick, Twelve Good Musicians by, 201, 203, 205
  • Bristow, George, 466
  • Britain, the Druids and bards in ancient, 89–91;
    • early invasions of, 92–3
  • Brittany, cromlechs and menhirs in, 90;
    • folk music in, 115
  • Brockway, Howard, 495, 496
  • Browning, Robert, 413
  • Bruch, Max, 429
  • Bruckner, Anton, 426–7
  • Bruneau, Alfred, 393
  • Buck, Dudley, 476
  • Bull, Dr. John, 196, 202
  • Bull, Ole, 363, 449, 450, 451
  • Bülow, Hans von, 408, 411
  • Burleigh, Henry Thacker, colored composer, 501
  • Burmese, music of the, 52
  • Burns, Robert, and Scotch music, 138–9
  • Burton, Frederick, on Indian estimate of classical music, 13
  • Busch, Carl, 490
  • Busoni, Ferruccio, 535
  • Buxtehude, Dietrich, 239–40, 273
  • Byrd, William, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 202
  • C
  • Cadman, Charles Wakefield, 487
  • Cædmon, 92, 93
  • Cæsar, Julius, 67–8
  • Calvé, Emma, 388
  • “Camerata,” the, of Florence, and beginnings of opera, 174 ff.
  • Canadian folk songs, 139
  • Cantata, origin of the, 184
  • Carey, Henry, 339, 465
  • Carmen, Bizet’s, 388
  • Carpenter, John Alden, 498
  • Caruso, 334, 382, 384
  • Casella, Alfredo, 318, 539
  • Castanets, use of, by the Assyrians, 25;
    • by the Hindus, 66
  • Cavalleria Rusticana, Mascagni’s, 382
  • Cavos, Catterino, 442
  • Caxton, William, 191
  • Cecilia, St., 71
  • Chabrier, Alexis Emanuel, 389, 415–16, 433
  • Chadwick, George, 476–7
  • Chaliapin, 381
  • Chamber music, the beginning of, 149, 209–10;
  • Chanson de Roland, the, 94–5, 127
  • Chansons de Geste, 93
  • Chant, the, ancestor of hymns, 70;
  • Charlemagne, 57, 92, 93, 94, 96, 236
  • Charleston, S. C., founding of St. Cecilia Society in, 462
  • Charpentier, Gustav, 393–4
  • Chausson, Ernest, 393, 433
  • Cherubini, Luigi, 331–2, 399, 403, 431
  • Chicago Orchestra, the, 468
  • Chickering, Jonas, invents complete iron frame for the piano, 314
  • Chimes of Normandy, Planquette’s, 336
  • Chinese, music of the, 46–9;
    • scales of, 47–8;
    • instruments of, 48–9
  • Chopin, Frédéric, 321, 354–7, 448
  • Christians, early, 68 ff.
  • Christmas carols, 113–14, 139–40
  • Church music, 67 ff.;
    • antiphony and polyphony in, 70–1;
    • St. Cecilia, 71;
    • St. Ambrose, 71, 72;
    • Greek modes as models, 71–3;
    • St. Gregory, 72, 73;
    • the Venerable Bede, 75–6;
    • early use of instruments in, 76;
    • organs in, 85;
    • influence of the Renaissance on, 164 ff.;
    • Martin Luther and, 165–6;
    • action of Council of Trent regarding, 167;
    • Palestrina and, 167–70;
    • of Monteverde, 183;
    • composers of cathedral music in England, 340–1;
    • American composers, 475 ff.
  • Cibber, Colley, 260, 262
  • Civil War songs, 142–3
  • Clarke, Rebecca, 440
  • Clavecin, the, 210
  • Clavichord, the, 309–10
  • Clefs, development of, 80
  • Clementi, Muzio, 319–20
  • Clifton, Chalmers, 507
  • Cole, Rosseter Gleason, 490
  • Color and sound, study of, in India, 62–3
  • Columbus, Christopher, 165
  • Concerts, public, the first, 272–3
  • Conried, Heinrich, 373
  • Constantine, Emperor, 69, 70
  • Converse, Frederick, 479
  • Cooke, Captain Henry, 204
  • Coolidge, Mrs. F. S., 440
  • Coq d’Or, Rimsky-Korsakov’s, 445
  • Corelli, Arcangelo, 218
  • Counterpoint, meaning of the term, 85
  • Couperin, François, 231, 232–3
  • Couperin family, the, 232
  • Cow-boy songs, 142
  • Cowen, Sir Frederick Hymen, 439
  • Cradle songs, 109–10
  • Cramer, John B., 320
  • Creation, The, Haydn’s, 281, 282
  • Cremona, the violin makers of, 214–17
  • Cristofori, Bartolomeo, maker of the first pianoforte, 312
  • Cromwell, Oliver, 203
  • Crowest, Frederick J., quoted on music in England in the 16th century, 191–2
  • Crusades, the, 57, 95–6
  • “Cryes of London,” the, 200–1
  • Cui, César, 445
  • Curtis, Natalie, 485
  • Cushion dance, the, 124
  • Cymbals, use of, by the Assyrians, 25;
    • by the Hindus, 66
  • Czecho-Slovakia, composers of, 446–8, 538
  • Czerny, Carl, 299, 321
  • D
  • D’Albert, Eugene, 395
  • Dalcroze, Jacques, 541–2
  • Damrosch, Dr. Frank, 470
  • Damrosch, Dr. Leopold, 468, 469
  • Damrosch, Walter, 468, 469, 470
  • Dancing, of primitive man, 4, 6;
    • of American Indians, 14–15;
    • of the ancient Egyptians, 23;
    • of the Japanese Geisha girls, 51;
    • of the gypsies, 134
  • Dancing songs and folk dances, 120–6, 134, 135, 144
  • Dark Ages, the, 68 ff.
  • Daughter of the Regiment, Donizetti’s, 337
  • David, King, as a musician, 27–8
  • David, Félicien, 386
  • Dean Paul, Lady, 439–40, 531
  • Debussy, Claude Achille, 394, 416, 519–22
  • De Koven, Reginald, 336, 488–9
  • Delage, Maurice, 523
  • Delamarter, Eric, 498–9
  • Délibes, Clement Philibert Léo, 391
  • Delius, Frederick, 542
  • Denmark, composers of, 451
  • Der Freischütz, Weber’s 328, 329, 333
  • Dett, R. N., colored composer, 501–2
  • Devrient, Wilhelmine Schroeder-, 363, 366
  • Dibden, Charles, 339
  • Die Fledermaus, Strauss’s, 336
  • D’Indy, Vincent, 393, 435–6
  • Dinorah, Meyerbeer’s, 335
  • Ditson, Oliver, 513
  • Dohnányi, Ernest von, 537–8
  • Don Giovanni, Mozart’s, 288, 290, 291
  • Donizetti, Gaetano, 337
  • Drinking songs, 119, 136
  • Druids and bards, 89–91
  • Drums, the first, 5;
    • use of, by American Indians, 11–12;
    • use of, by the negro, 18;
    • sending of messages by, 18;
    • use of, by the Assyrians, 24, 25;
    • by the Chinese, 48;
    • by the Burmese, 52;
    • by the Arabs, 60
  • Dufay, Guillaume, 153
  • Dukas, Paul, 417
  • Dulcimer, the, use of, by the Assyrians and others, 25, 308
  • Duncan, Edmundstoune, Story of Minstrelsy by, 189, 199
  • Dunstable, John, 187
  • Duparc, Henri, 393
  • Duschek, Franz, 319
  • Dussek, Johann L., 320
  • Dvorak, Antonin, 447–8
  • E
  • Edwards, Julian, 486
  • Egyptians, ancient, the music of, 20–3;
    • their musical scale not unlike ours, 23
  • Eisteddfod, revival of, in Wales, 91
  • Elgar, Edward William, 439
  • Elijah, Mendelssohn’s oratorio, 347, 350
  • Eliot, President, of Harvard, 475
  • Elizabeth, Queen, 192, 194, 196
  • Elkus, Albert, 491
  • Enesco, Georges, 448
  • Engel, Carl, 511
  • England, folk music in, 113, 114, 118, 139–40;
    • the “round” in, 123;
    • the morris dance, 123–4;
    • ballads in, in 15th and 16th centuries, 124–5;
    • masques in, 173;
    • music in, in the 16th and 17th centuries, 187–207;
    • founding of Anglican church, 188;
    • chained libraries in, 190;
    • famous old music collections of, 193, 196–7, 198;
    • “chests of viols” in, 198–9;
    • “Cryes of London,” 200–1;
    • some famous composers, 201 ff.;
    • the opera ballad in, 338–41;
    • English composers in classical forms, 438–40;
    • recent composers, 542–5
  • Erard, Sebastian, piano maker, 313, 314
  • Erdmann, Edward, 536
  • Ernani, Verdi’s, 379
  • Eschenbach, Wolfram von, the minnesinger, 103
  • Esterhazy, Prince Paul Anton, 279
  • Evans, Edwin, 318
  • F
  • Falla, Manuel de, 540–1
  • Farrar, Geraldine, 384, 395, 396, 514
  • Farwell, Arthur, 484
  • Fauré, Gabriel, 437–8
  • Faust, Gounod’s, 387
  • Feinberg, Samuel, 531
  • Festa, Constanza, 170
  • Feudalism, the age of, 95
  • Fidelio, Beethoven’s opera, 302, 305, 306, 326
  • Field, John, 320, 343–4
  • Finland, composers of, 452–3
  • Finnish folk songs, 131;
    • instruments, 131
  • Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, the, 196–7
  • Florence, the “Camerata” of, and beginnings of opera, 174 ff.
  • Flotow, Friedrich von, 212
  • Flute, use of, by American Indians, 12–13;
    • use of, by the Assyrians and Egyptians, 25;
    • Jubal invents a, 26;
    • use of, by the Greeks, 36, 42–3;
    • by the Romans, 45;
    • by the Chinese, 48, 49;
    • by the Arabs, 61;
    • by the Hindus, 66
  • Flying Dutchman, The, Wagner’s, 365
  • Folk dances, 120–6, 134, 135, 144
  • Folk music, 107 ff.;
    • classes of, 108;
    • songs of childhood, games and cradle songs, 109–11;
    • songs for religious ceremonies, holidays and Christmas carols, May songs and spring festivals, 111–14;
    • love songs, 114–15;
    • patriotic songs, 115–17;
    • songs of work and labor and trades, 117–19;
    • drinking songs, 119;
    • dancing songs and dancing, 120–6;
    • funeral songs and songs for mourning, 126;
    • narratives, ballads and legends, 126–7;
    • national portraits in, 128 ff.;
    • Russian folk music, 129–30;
    • Finnish songs, 131;
    • Poland’s music, 131;
    • gypsies, 132–5;
    • Bohemian folk song, 135;
    • Spanish and Portuguese folk music, 135;
    • French folk music, 135–6;
    • German folk music, 136–7;
    • Irish folk songs, 137;
    • Scotch and Welsh tunes, 137–9;
    • Canadian folk songs, 139;
    • English folk songs, 139–40;
    • American folk music, 140–5
  • Foote, Arthur, 477–8
  • Forsyth, Cecil, History of Music by, 38–9, 236
  • Foster, Stephen Collins, 140–1, 472–4
  • Fra Diavolo, Auber’s, 333
  • France, troubadours, trouvères and jongleurs in, 97 ff.;
    • folk music in, 112, 114, 125, 135–6;
    • Baif’s club of poets and musicians in, 177;
    • ballets at court of, 178;
    • the coming of Italian opera to, 178;
    • opera in, 15th to 18th centuries, 222–31;
    • French composers for clavecin and harpsichord, 17th and 18th centuries, 231–3;
    • the French school of opera, 330 ff.;
    • modern composers of, 386–95
  • Franck, César, 386, 389, 393;
    • life and works of, 429–34
  • Franco-Flemish school of music, the, 152–5
  • Franklin, Benjamin, 463, 464
  • Franz, Robert, 424
  • Frederick the Great, 249, 253, 255
  • Frescobaldi, Girolamo, 237–8
  • Froberger, Johann Jacob, 239
  • Fry, William H., 466
  • Funeral songs, 126
  • G
  • Gabrieli, 209
  • Gade, Niels Wilhelm, 450
  • Galileo, 180
  • Garcia, Manuel, 338, 465
  • Gédalge, André, 392
  • George I of England, 258, 259
  • German, Edward, 439
  • Germany, minnesingers and mastersingers in, 102 ff.;
    • folk music in, 111–12, 114, 136–7;
    • organists in, 238 ff.;
    • the Mannheim School and the symphony, 273–4;
    • opera composers in, 327–9, 335;
    • Wagner, 359–76;
    • opera composers since Wagner, 395–6;
    • recent composers, 534–6
  • Gershwin, George, 503
  • Gibbons, Orlando, 196–7, 201–2
  • Gilbert, Henry F., 484
  • Gilbert, W. S., 336, 341
  • Gilchrist, William Wallace, 489
  • Gilmore, Patrick, 486
  • Giordano, Umberto, 383
  • Girl of the Golden West, Puccini’s, 384–5
  • Gleason, Frederic Grant, 489
  • Gleemen, 92–3
  • Glinka, Michael, 442
  • Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 213;
    • account of his life, and works of, 263–72;
    • Orpheus and Euridice, 268;
    • Iphigenia in Aulis, 269;
    • Iphigenia in Tauris, 270;
    • his orchestration, 272;
    • influence of, on Wagner, 360;
    • invention of musical glasses by, 463
  • Glyn, Margaret, Evolution of Musical Form by, quoted, 65–6
  • Godard, Benjamin, 386–7
  • Godowsky, Leopold, 512
  • Goethe, 298
  • Goldmark, Rubin, 496
  • Goldsmith, Oliver, Vicar of Wakefield by, quoted, 463
  • Gombert, Nicolas, 155
  • Gonzaga, Vicenzo di, Duke of Mantua, patron of Monteverde, 180–3
  • Goossens, Eugene, 545
  • Götterdämmerung, Die, Wagner’s, 367, 372
  • Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, 322, 471–2
  • Goudimel, Claude, 157, 160
  • Gounod, Charles François, 386, 387
  • Gourd, the, as an early musical instrument, 5
  • Grainger, Percy Aldridge, 318, 510–11
  • Gramophone, the, 319
  • Granados, Enrique, 454–5
  • Graupner, Gottlieb, 466
  • Greeks, the, music of, 31 ff.;
    • the nine Muses of, 32;
    • myths and legends, 32–3;
    • Pan’s pipes, 33;
    • Apollo, 33–4;
    • Orpheus, 34–5;
    • music in their daily life, 35;
    • harvest songs, 35–6;
    • the liturgies, 36–7;
    • festivals, 37;
    • scales of, 37–40;
    • Pythagoras, 40–2;
    • musical instruments of, 42–3;
    • modes of, as models for church music, 71–3;
    • spring festival of, 111;
    • folk music of, 118
  • Gregorian chant, 72, 75, 76
  • Gregory, Pope, 72, 73
  • Grétry, André Ernest Modeste, 330
  • Grieg, Edvard Hagerup, 449–50
  • Griffes, Charles Tomlinson, 504–5
  • Gruenberg, Louis, 502–3
  • Grunn, Homer, 488
  • Guido, D’Arezzo, additions to music by, 79–83
  • Guilmant, Alexandre, 392, 393
  • Gutenberg, invention of printing by, 163
  • Gypsies, music of, 132–5;
    • their instruments, 132–3, 134
  • H
  • Haba, Alois, 538–9
  • Hadley, Henry K., 496–7
  • Halévy, Jacques François, 334
  • Hallen, Anders, 452
  • Hamilton, Clarence G., Outlines of Music History, by, 155
  • Hampton Singers, the, 501
  • Handel, George Frederick, 220–1, 244;
    • comparison with Bach, 255–6;
    • account of his life, and works of, 256 ff.;
    • The Messiah, 262
  • Hansel and Gretel, Humperdinck’s, 395
  • Hargrave, Mary, The Earlier French Musicians, by, 230
  • Harmati, Sandor, 507
  • “Harmonica,” Franklin’s, 463
  • Harmony, beginnings of, by Hucbald, 77–9;
    • use of chords by Willaert, 156;
    • Zarlino’s books on, 157;
    • harmonization of hymns, 166–7;
    • experiments of Monteverde in, 179 ff.
  • Harp, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • by the Assyrians, 25;
    • the Hebrew Kinnor, 26;
    • use of, by the Greeks, 43
  • Harpers and gleemen, 92–3
  • Harpsichord, the, 310–11
  • Hartmann, J., 451
  • Harvard Musical Association, the, 467
  • Hastings, battle of, 93, 94
  • Haubiel, Charles, 507
  • Haydn, Franz Joseph, 213, 253, 254;
    • account of his life, 275–82;
    • The Creation and The Seasons, 281, 282;
    • his gift to music, 283–4;
    • Haydn and Mozart, 284–5;
    • Beethoven meets him, 297–8
  • Heart music, of Monteverde, 180 ff.;
    • disappearance of, 530
  • Hebrew music, 25–30
  • Heine, Heinrich, 346
  • Heller, Stephen, 358
  • Henry IV of France, 176, 222
  • Henry VIII of England, 188–9
  • Herbert, Victor, 336, 486
  • Hereford, England, chained library at, 190
  • Hérold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand, 334
  • Hertz, Alfred, 373
  • Hieroglyphics of the ancient Egyptians, 20, 23
  • Higginson, Colonel Henry L., 467
  • Hill, Edward Burlingame, 480
  • Hindemith, Paul, 535–6
  • Hindu, music, 61 ff.;
    • the Hindu rags, 62–3;
    • orchestra, 64–5;
    • notation, 65–6;
    • instruments of, 66
  • Holland, modern music in, 541
  • Holst, Gustave, 543–4
  • Home, Sweet Home, 465
  • Homer, 89
  • Honegger, Arthur, 525, 542
  • Hook, James, 339
  • Hooker, Brian, 479
  • Hopkinson, Francis, 463–4
  • Horsley, William, 340
  • Hucbald, starting of science of harmony by, 77–9
  • Huguenots, The, Meyerbeer’s, 335
  • Humiston, W. H., 494–5
  • Hummel, Johann, 319, 320
  • Humperdinck, Engelbert, 395–6
  • Humphrey, Pelham, 204, 205
  • Hungarian gypsies, music of, 133–5
  • Hungary, modern music in, 536–8
  • Hurdy-gurdy, or vielle, the, 106
  • Huss, Henry Holden, 495
  • Hutcheson, Ernest, 495–6
  • Hymns, early, 71–3; harmonization of, 166–7
  • Hymns, national, 115–117
  • I
  • Iarecki, Tadeusz, 531
  • Ignatius, St., 70
  • Il Trovatore, Verdi’s, 378, 379
  • Incas, music of the, 53–4
  • India, music of, 61 ff.
  • Indians, American, the music of, 9 ff.;
    • musical instruments of, 11–13;
    • Indian societies, 13–15;
    • songs and dances of, 14–15;
    • the medicine man, 15–16;
    • picture language of, 16;
    • lullabies of, 110;
    • recent study of their music, 484–6, 487–8
  • Instruments, musical, the earliest, 5;
    • of the American Indians, 11–13;
    • of the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • of the Assyrians, 24–5;
    • of the Hebrews, 26–9;
    • of the Greeks, 42–3;
    • of the Romans, 44, 45;
    • of the Chinese, 48–9;
    • of the Japanese, 50;
    • of Siamese, Burmese, and Javanese, 52;
    • of the Incas and Aztecs, 53–4;
    • of the Arabs, 59–61;
    • of the Hindus, 66;
    • early use of, in church music, 76;
    • Russian stringed instruments, 130;
    • of Finland and Poland, 131;
    • of the gypsies, 132–3, 134;
    • the violin makers of Cremona, 214–17;
    • the origin of stringed instruments, 307–8;
    • the pianoforte, 307 ff.
  • Iolanthe, Sullivan’s, 341
  • I Pagliacci, Leoncavallo’s, 382
  • Iphigenia in Aulis, Gluck’s, 269
  • Iphigenia in Tauris, Gluck’s, 270
  • I Puritani, Bellini’s, 337
  • Ireland, John, 544
  • Irish folk songs, 137
  • Italian language, musical terms derived from, 206–7
  • Italy, beginnings of the opera in, 173 ff.;
    • opera writers of, in 17th and 18th centuries, 212;
    • violinists and composers of, in 17th and 18th centuries, 217 ff.;
    • Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti, 337–8;
    • modern composers of, 377–86;
    • and the new order, 539–41
  • J
  • Janequin, Clement, 154–5, 160
  • Japanese music, 50–1
  • Javanese, music of the, 52
  • Jazz music, rhythm of, borrowed from the negro, 143–4;
    • and negro spirituals, 500–1
  • Jews, music of the, 25–30
  • Joachim, 420
  • Jomelli, 213
  • Jongleurs, the, 97–9
  • Jonson, Ben, 173
  • Josephus, cited, on Solomon’s singers and musicians, 28
  • Jubal, first musician mentioned in the Bible, 25–6
  • Julius III, Pope, 168
  • K
  • Kalkbrenner, Frederick, 320
  • Kangaroo, dance in imitation of, 6
  • Kelley, Edgar Stillman, 489
  • Kerl, Johann Kaspar, 240
  • Keyboard, the, development of, 309
  • Kinnor, harp of the Hebrews, 26
  • Kithara, Greek musical instrument, 39, 42, 44
  • Kjerulf, Halfdan, 449
  • Kneisel Quartet, the, 480
  • Kobbé, Gustave, 318
  • Kodály, Soltan, 536–7
  • Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 534
  • Kramer, A. Walter, 506
  • Krehbiel, H. E., quoted on folk music, 107–8;
    • on negro slave songs, 143;
    • on Stephen Foster, 474
  • Kreisler, Fritz, 448, 512
  • Kreutzer, Rudolph, 324
  • Kreutzer Sonata, Beethoven’s, 324
  • Kuhnau, Johann, 241–2
  • L
  • La Bohème, Puccini’s, 383
  • L’Africaine, Meyerbeer’s, 335
  • La Juive, Halévy’s, 334
  • Lalo, Edouard Victor Antoine, 391
  • Landormy, Paul, History of Music, by, 259, 273, 390–1
  • Landowska, Wanda, 252, 311
  • Lang, Benjamin J., 475
  • Lang, Margaret Ruthven, 481
  • La Sonnambula, Bellini’s, 337–8
  • Lassus, Orlandus, 158–60, 161
  • La Traviata, Verdi’s, 379
  • Lawes, Henry, 202–3
  • Lecocq, 336
  • Lehman, Liza, 439
  • Lehmann, Lilli, 469
  • Leit-motif, first use of, by Wagner, 364, 374;
    • use of, by Berlioz, 402;
    • use of, by Strauss, 414
  • Le Jeune, Claude, 177–8
  • Le Jongleur de Notre Dame, Massenet’s, 392
  • Leonardo da Vinci, 456
  • Leoncavallo, Ruggiero, 382
  • Leroux, Xavier, 392
  • Leschetizky, Theodor, 409
  • Libraries, chained, in England, 190
  • Lieurance, Thurlow, 487
  • Lind, Jenny, 335, 338, 449, 451
  • Liszt, Franz, 313, 322;
    • influence of, on Wagner, 361;
    • his life and work, 403–8;
    • sends scores to Thomas in America, 468
  • Locke, Matthew, 203, 205
  • Loeffler, Charles Martin, 482–3
  • Lohengrin, Wagner’s, 366, 368, 375.
  • Loomis, Harvey Worthington, 485
  • Louis XIV of France, 222 ff., 232, 312
  • Louise, Charpentier’s, 393–4
  • Lucia di Lammermoor, Donizetti’s, 337
  • Lucrezia Borgia, Donizetti’s, 337
  • Ludwig II, King of Bavaria, 370
  • Lullabies, 109–10
  • Lully, Jean Baptiste, 223–7, 233
  • Lute, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • by the Arabs, 59, 60;
    • introduction of, into Europe, 96;
    • use and development of, in 15th and 16th centuries, 150–1
  • Luther, Martin, 163, 165–7
  • Lyon, Rev. James, early American hymn book by, 460
  • Lyre, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • by the Assyrians, 25;
    • by the Greeks, 42
  • M
  • MacDowell, Edward, 491–4, 507;
    • Critical and Historical Essays by, cited, 45, 52–3
  • McTammany, John, and automatic pianos, 316
  • Macfarren, Sir George A., 438
  • Macfarren, Walter Cecil, 438
  • Mackenzie, Sir Arthur C., 438
  • Madame Butterfly, Puccini’s, 50, 383–4
  • Madrigals, 149 ff.;
    • golden age of, in England, 194
  • Maeterlinck, Maurice, 394
  • Magic Flute, The, Mozart’s, 288, 289, 291, 329
  • Mahler, Gustav, 427–8
  • Malibran, Mme., 465
  • Malipiero, G. Francesco, 539–40
  • Man, prehistoric, beginnings of music and musical instruments among, 3–7
  • Mannheim School of composers, 273–4
  • Manon, Massenet’s, 392
  • Manon Lescaut, Puccini’s, 383
  • Manuel, Roland, 523
  • Manzoni, 381
  • Maria Theresa, 267, 299
  • Marie Antoinette, 213–14, 269, 271–2
  • Marlin, Jane, Reminiscences of Morris Steinert, by, 315–16
  • Marriage of Figaro, Rossini’s, 337
  • Martinengo-Cesaresco, Countess, The Study of Folk Songs, by, 140
  • Martini, Padre, 218–19
  • Masaniello, Auber’s, 334
  • Mascagni, Pietro, 382
  • Mason, Daniel Gregory, 403, 471
  • Mason, Lowell, 470
  • Mason, Dr. William, 470–1
  • Masques, in England, 173
  • Massenet, Jules, 391–2
  • Mastersingers, 104–6
  • Matthews, W. S. B., 471
  • Mattheson, Johann, 242–3
  • Mauduit, Jacques, 177, 178
  • Mayer, Charles, 344
  • Mazarin, Cardinal, 178, 222
  • Mechanical pianos, 316–19
  • Medici, Marie de’, 176, 178, 222
  • Medicine man, the, among the American Indians, 15–16
  • Mefistofele, Boito’s, 381
  • Méhul, Etienne Nicholas, 332
  • Meistersinger, The, Wagner’s, 369, 370–1, 372, 375
  • Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, 347–51, 353
  • Mendelssohn Glee Club of New York, 494
  • Messager, André, 392
  • Messiah, The, Handel’s, 262
  • Metastasio, 213, 265
  • Metre, introduction of, into music, 83–4
  • Metropolitan Museum of Art, clavichords and harpsichords in, 310
  • Metropolitan Opera House, New York, 469
  • Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 334–5;
    • influence of, on Wagner, 360–1, 364–5
  • Miaskovsky, Nicolai, 531
  • Mignon, Thomas’s, 386
  • Mikado, The, Sullivan’s, 341
  • Mildenberg, Albert, 497–8
  • Milhaud, Darius, 525
  • Milligan, Harold Vincent, quoted on American folk music, 141
  • Milton, John, father of the poet, 202
  • Milton, John, 173, 202
  • Minnesingers, 102–3
  • Minstrel, the, 88 ff.
  • “Miracle-plays,” 172
  • Modes, development of, in church music, 71–3
  • Mohammed, 56
  • Mohammedans, capture of Constantinople by, 165
  • Monochord, invented by Pythagoras, 41
  • Montemezzi, 385–6
  • Monteverde, Claudio, his innovations in music, and his operatic and other works, 178–86
  • Montpensier, Mlle. de, 223–4
  • Moonlight Sonata, Beethoven’s, 300, 304
  • “Moralities,” 172, 173
  • Morley, Thomas, 194, 196, 198, 199
  • Morris, Harold, 506
  • Morris dance, the, 123–4
  • Moscheles, Ignaz, 320–1
  • Moses, 26, 27
  • Moszkowski, Moritz, 449
  • Motet, the, 147–9
  • Mourning songs, 126
  • Moussorgsky, Modeste, 444
  • Mouton, Jean, 155
  • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, Haydn his teacher and friend, 284–5;
  • Muses, the nine, of the Greeks, 32
  • Music, the process of change in, 515–19
  • Musical instruments, see Instruments, musical
  • Musical terms, derived from the Italian language, 206–7
  • “Mysteries,” 172
  • N
  • Napoleon I, 293, 298, 442
  • National Federation of Music Clubs, 479
  • National hymns, 115–17
  • Nature, sounds of, imitated by primitive man, 6;
    • personified in gods of the ancient Egyptians, 21
  • Naumann, Emil, 281, 285
  • Negro, the, and his music, 17–19
  • “Negro minstrels,” origin of, 473
  • Negroes, American, folk music of, 117, 118, 143–4;
    • their spirituals, 144, 500–1;
    • Stephen Foster and their music, 472, 473;
    • Henry F. Gilbert’s music founded on negro themes, 484
  • Neidlinger, William, 490
  • Neri, Saint Filippo, founder of oratorio, 171
  • Nero, Emperor, 45
  • Nero, Boito’s, 381, 382
  • Nevin, Arthur, 487
  • Nevin, Ethelbert, 488
  • New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, 476, 477
  • New England group of composers, the, 475 ff.
  • New York Philharmonic Society, founding of, 467
  • New York Symphony Society, 468
  • Netherlands, the, modern music in, 541
  • Neumes notation, 72
  • Nibelungen Ring, The, Wagner’s, 364, 366 ff.
  • Nikisch, Arthur, 412
  • Nilsson, Christine, 451
  • Nordica, Lillian, 469
  • Norma, Bellini’s, 337
  • Norris, Homer, 484
  • Norsemen, the, 91–2
  • Norway, composers of, 449–51
  • Notation of music, the Greeks the first to use, 40;
    • the Japanese, 51;
    • the Hindus, 65–6;
    • use of neumes, 72;
    • beginnings of the staff and harmony, 77 ff.;
    • the three, four and five line staffs and development of clefs, 79–80;
    • naming of notes of the scale, 81–2;
    • introduction of time values, 83–4;
    • tablature, 151
  • O
  • Oberammergau, Passion Play of, 173
  • Oberon, Weber’s, 329
  • Oboe, use of, by the Hindus, 66
  • Odin, 92
  • Offenbach, Jacques, 335–6
  • Okeghem, Jan, 153–4
  • Old Folks at Home, The, 474
  • Oldberg, Arne, 490
  • Olympic games, 37
  • Opera, the descendant of the masque, 173;
    • beginnings of, in Italy, 173 ff.;
    • the coming of Italian opera to France, 178;
    • operas of Monteverde, 181 ff.;
    • first public opera house in Venice, 185;
    • Italian opera composers of 17th and 18th centuries, 212–13;
    • opera in France, 15th to 18th centuries, 222–31;
    • Handel, 255 ff.;
    • Gluck, the father of modern opera, 263 ff.;
    • Haydn, 275 ff.;
    • Mozart, 285 ff.;
    • opera makers of France, Germany and Italy, 1741 to Wagner, 326 ff.;
    • Weber, 327–9;
    • the French school, 330 ff.;
    • Cherubini, 331–2;
    • Meyerbeer, 334–5;
    • Offenbach, 335–6;
    • Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, 337–8;
    • opera singers of the late 18th and 19th centuries, 338;
    • English opera-ballad, 338–41;
    • light opera, 341–2;
    • Wagner, 359–76;
    • Verdi and Meyerbeer to our day, 377 ff.;
    • modern Italian opera, 377–86;
    • French opera, 386–95;
    • German opera composers since Wagner, 395–6;
    • early opera in America, 465–6;
    • opera companies in America, 514
  • Opéra comique, 330
  • Oratorio, Saint Filippo Neri the founder of, 171
  • Oratorio Society of New York, 468
  • Orchestra, size of ancient Egyptian, 22;
    • of the Roman theatre, 45;
    • of the Hindus, 64–5;
    • the Russian balalaika orchestra, 130;
    • the Hungarian gypsy orchestra, 134;
    • Monteverde’s, 181–2, 185;
    • meaning of the word, 234;
    • Haydn’s additions and improvements in the, 283;
    • rise of, in 19th century, 323;
    • the innovations of Berlioz, 401–2;
    • orchestras in America, 466–8;
    • symphony orchestras in America, 513–14
  • Organ school, the 17th century, 157–8
  • Organs, early, 85, 235–7
  • Orientals, music of the, 46 ff.
  • Ornstein, Leo, 508
  • Orpheus, 34–5
  • Orpheus and Euridice, Gluck’s, 268
  • Overtones, 528–9
  • Oxford, first chair of music at, 190
  • P
  • Pachelbel, Johann, 240
  • Pacius, Frederick, 453
  • Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 322, 449
  • Paganini, Nicolo, 324
  • Paine, John Knowles, 475–6
  • Palestrina, 167–70, 171
  • Palmgren, Selim, 453
  • Pan and his pipes, 32–3;
    • the organ a descendant of Pan’s pipes, 235
  • Paris, as meeting place for composers, 330 ff.
  • Paris Conservatory of Music, 430–2
  • Parker, Horatio, 478–9
  • Parry, Sir Charles Hubert Hastings, 438
  • Parsifal, Wagner’s, 372–3, 374
  • Passion Play of Oberammergau, 173
  • Patience, Sullivan’s, 341
  • Patriotic songs, 115–17
  • Patrons of music in America, 512–13
  • Patti, Adelina, 338
  • Payne, John Howard, 465
  • Peace Jubilees, in Boston, 486
  • Pelleas and Milisande, Debussy’s, 394, 416, 520
  • Pentatonic scale, 10, 18, 47, 113
  • People’s Choral Union, New York, 470
  • Pepys, Samuel, 198, 204
  • Percy Reliques, the, 106, 127
  • Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, 212–13, 230
  • Persian music, 57
  • Peter the Great, 441
  • Pfitzner, Hans, 424, 535
  • Philadelphia, music in Franklin’s, 463, 464
  • Pianists, 319 ff.;
    • of the late 19th and the 20th centuries, 325
  • Pianoforte, the, 307 ff.;
    • its ancestry and development through the clavichord and the harpsichord, 307–11;
    • the first pianofortes, and their makers, 311–15;
    • automatic players, 316–17;
    • value of mechanical players, 318–19;
    • performers on the, 319 ff.
  • Piccinni, 269, 270
  • Pierné, Gabriel, 392, 393
  • Pilgrims and Puritans in America, 458–60
  • Pinafore, Sullivan’s, 341
  • Pirates of Penzance, Sullivan’s, 341
  • Pius IX, Pope, 406
  • Pizzetti, Ildebrando, 540
  • Plagal scales, 72, 73
  • Plain chant, or plain song, 73
  • Playford, John, 197
  • Pleyel, Ignaz Josef, piano maker, 314
  • Pleyel, Marie, 323
  • Poe, Edgar Allan, 474
  • Poet and Peasant, von Suppé’s, 336
  • Poland, composers of, 448–9
  • Poland, modern music in, 531–2
  • Poldowski (Lady Dean Paul), 439–40, 531
  • Poles, folk music of, 113–14, 131;
    • instruments of, 131
  • Polish dances, 121
  • Polyform music, 516 ff.
  • Polyphony, introduction into church music, 70–1
  • Polytonality, 516, 517, 529
  • Ponchielli, Amilcare, 386
  • Pope, Alexander, 262
  • Porpora, Niccolo, 213–14
  • Portuguese folk music, 135
  • Powell, John, 499–500
  • Pratt, Silas G., 489
  • Pratt, Waldo Selden, History of Music by, quoted, 102–3
  • Prehistoric man, beginnings of music and musical instruments among, 3–7
  • Près, Josquin des, 148, 154–5
  • Prescott, Wm. H., Conquest of Peru by, cited, 53
  • Printing, invention of, 163–4
  • “Program music,” 242, 397
  • Prokofiev, Serge, 531
  • Prophet, The, Meyerbeer’s, 335
  • Protestant Church, founding of the, 165
  • Provence, the troubadours poet-composers of, 97
  • Prunières, Henry, quoted on Monteverde, 185–6
  • Psaltery, the, 28, 29, 308
  • Public concerts, the first, 272–3
  • Puccini, Giacomo, 383–5
  • Purcell, Henry, 200, 204, 205–7
  • Puritans and Pilgrims in America, 458–60
  • Pythagoras, influence of, in music, 40–2;
    • his theory of harmonics or overtones, 526, 528
  • Pythian games, 37
  • Q
  • Quarter-tones, use of, 538–9
  • R
  • Rachmaninov, Sergei, 409–10, 446
  • Radio, the, 319
  • Ragtime music, 143–4
  • Rameau, Jean Philippe, 227–31
  • Rattle, use of, by American Indians, 11, 12
  • Ravel, Maurice, 417, 522–4
  • Rebeck, the, 189
  • Recitative style, the, 183
  • Reformation, the, 165
  • Reger, Max, 428–9
  • Reinken, Johann Adam, 239
  • Remenyi, 420
  • Renaissance, the, 163
  • Respighi, Ottorino, 540
  • Reyer, Ernest, 389
  • Rheingold, Das, Wagner’s, 367, 371
  • Rhythm, 517–18
  • Rice, Thomas, 473
  • Richard the Lion-Hearted, 99
  • Ries, Ferdinand, 299, 320
  • Rigoletto, Verdi’s, 379
  • Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, 444, 445
  • Ritter, Alexander, 411, 413
  • Robert le Diable, Meyerbeer’s, 335
  • Robin Hood, De Koven’s, 336, 488
  • Romance languages, the, 96–7
  • Romans, music of the, 43–5
  • Romantic movement in music, the, 294–5, 320–2, 343 ff.
  • Romberg, Andreas, 324
  • Rome, the great musical center in the 18th century, 219
  • Rome, American Academy in, 507–8
  • Ronsard, Pierre de, 160–1, 456
  • Rore, Cyprian de, 156
  • Roses, War of the, in England, 187
  • Rosetta stone, the, 23
  • Rossini, Giacchino, 337
  • Rounds, 101–2, 123
  • Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 269;
    • quoted on folk music of Brittany, 136
  • Rubinstein, Anton, 322, 408, 443, 446
  • Rubinstein, Nikolai, 409, 443, 446
  • Russia, folk music in, 114, 129–30;
    • stringed instruments in, 130;
    • composers of, 441 ff.;
    • Michael Glinka, 442;
    • Rubinstein and Tchaikovsky, 443;
    • “the Five” group of composers, 444–6;
    • other composers, 446
  • S
  • Sackbut, the, 189
  • Sailors’ songs, 117
  • St. Bartholomew’s eve, massacre of, in France, 177
  • Saint-Saëns, Charles Camille, 386, 390–1
  • Salieri, Antonio, 332
  • Salome, Strauss’s, 412, 413, 415
  • Salon music, 322
  • Salzedo, Carlos, 511
  • Samson and Delilah, Saint-Saëns’s, 390
  • Sand, George, 357
  • Satie, Erik, 524, 525
  • Savages, the music of, 8 ff.
  • Sax horn, the, 401
  • Saxophone, the, 401
  • Scales: the pentatonic, 10, 18, 47, 113;
    • the ancient Egyptian, 23;
    • of the Greeks, 37–40;
    • of the Romans, 44;
    • of the Chinese, 47–8;
    • of the Arabs, 58–9;
    • of the Hindus, 65–6;
    • of St. Ambrose, 71, 72, 73;
    • plagal, of Pope Gregory, 72, 73;
    • of Hucbald and Guido d’Arezzo, 80–1;
    • naming of notes of our scale, 81–2
  • Scarlatti, Alessandro, 212
  • Scarlatti, Domenico, 220–1
  • Scheidt, Samuel, 241
  • Schein, Johann Heinrich, 241
  • Schelling, Ernest, 455, 499
  • Scherchen, Hermann, 536
  • Schillings, Max, 395
  • Schindler, Kurt, 512
  • Schirmer, Gustav, 513
  • Schmidt, Arthur P., 513
  • Schoenberg, Arnold, 532–3
  • Schola Cantorum, of Paris, 434, 435
  • Schools of music: of the 15th and 16th centuries, 146 ff.;
    • rise of, 151–2;
    • the Franco-Flemish school, 152–5;
    • the Venetian school, 155–7;
    • the 17th century organ school, 157–8
  • Schrecker, Franz, 535
  • Schubert, Franz Peter, 344–7
  • Schumann, Clara, 321, 420–1, 422
  • Schumann, Robert, 351–4, 420–1
  • Schütz, Heinrich, 240–1
  • Scotch and Welsh folk music, 137–9
  • Scott, Cyril, 544
  • Scotti, Antonio, 383, 384
  • Scriabin, Alexander Nicolai, 446, 526–7
  • Scribe, Eugène, 335
  • Seasons, The, Haydn’s, 281
  • Seidl, Anton, 428, 469
  • Shakespeare, 173;
    • and music, 199–200;
    • and the harpsichord, 310
  • Shofar, use of, by the Hebrews, 27
  • “Shout,” the, negro dance, 144
  • Siamese, music of the, 52
  • Sibelius, Jan, 452–3
  • Siegfried, Wagner’s, 367, 368, 410
  • Signatures, time, origin of signs for, 84
  • Sinding, Christian, 450
  • Singleton, Esther, The Orchestra and Its Instruments, by, 215
  • Sistrum, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, 22
  • Sjögren, Emil, 452
  • Skalds, Scandinavian, 91–4
  • Skilton, Charles Sanford, 487
  • Smart, Henry, 340
  • Smetana, Frederick, 446–7
  • Smith, David Stanley, 479–80
  • Smyth, Dame Ethel, 439
  • Société Nationale of Paris, 433–4
  • Solomon, King, singers and musicians of, 28
  • Sonata form, the, 243
  • Sonata, the first, 206, 241, 242
  • Song writers, of the late 19th century, 423 ff.
  • Song writers, American women, 481
  • Song writers, recent, of America, 509–10
  • Songs, patriotic, 115–17
  • Sonneck, Oscar G., Early Concert-life in America by, quoted, 459–60
  • Sousa, John Philip, 487
  • Spain, composers of, 453–5
  • Spalding, Albert, 505
  • Spalding, Walter R., 475, 478
  • Spanish dance-songs, 122;
    • folk music, 135
  • Spinet, the, 210, 311
  • Spirituals, songs of the American negro, 144
  • Spirituals, negro, versus jazz, 500–1
  • Spohr, Louis, 329
  • Spohr, Ludwig, 324–5
  • Spontini, Gasparo, 332–3
  • Stabat Mater, Rossini’s, 337
  • Staff, the beginnings of, 77, 79, 80
  • Stainer, Sir John, 341, 438
  • Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers, 439
  • Steinways, the, piano makers, 315
  • Stevenson, Robert Louis, 389
  • Stock, Frederick, 468
  • Stoessel, Albert, 468, 506
  • Stojowski, Sigismund, 449
  • Stonehenge, 90
  • Stoughton Musical Society, 462
  • Stradella, 212
  • Strauss, Johann, 335, 336
  • Strauss, Richard, life and work of, 410–15, 424, 534
  • Stravinsky, Igor, 318, 446, 527–8, 530–1, 538–9
  • Streicher, Nanette, 313
  • Stringed instruments, the origin of, 307–8
  • Suites, dance tunes grow up into, 210–2
  • Sullivan, Sir Arthur, 336, 341–2
  • Suppé, Franz von, 336
  • Svendsen, Johan Severan, 450
  • Sweden, composers of, 452
  • Sweelinck, Jan, 157–8, 197, 240
  • Switzerland, modern music in, 541–2
  • Symphony, first composers of, in Germany, 273–4
  • Symphony orchestras in America, 513–14
  • Syrinx, or Pan’s pipes, 33
  • Szymanowski, Karol, 531
  • T
  • Tablature, 151
  • Tales of Hoffmann, The, Offenbach’s, 336
  • Tallis, Thomas, 192, 197
  • Tambourine, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • by the Assyrians, 25;
    • by the Hindus, 66
  • Tannhäuser, Wagner’s, 365–6, 370, 401
  • Tansman, Alexander, 532
  • Tartini, 218
  • Tasso, Torquato, 174, 180, 184
  • Tausig, Carl, 409, 448
  • Taylor, Deems, 506
  • Taylor, Samuel Coleridge, 439
  • Tchaikovsky, P. I., 409, 443, 446
  • Terpander, supposed perfection of tetrachord by, 39–40
  • Tetrachords, 38, 39, 44
  • Thomas, Arthur Goring, 438–9
  • Thomas, Charles Ambroise, 386
  • Thomas, Theodore, 467–8, 471
  • Thuille, Ludwig, 395
  • Tibia, or bagpipe, the Roman, 45
  • Timbrel, use of, by the Hebrews, 26
  • Time values, introduction of, into music, 83–4
  • Tone poets, 397 ff.
  • Tone relationship, Pythagoras’ theory of, 41
  • Torelli, 218
  • Tosca, Puccini’s, 384
  • Toscanini, Arturo, 382
  • Tourte, François, perfection of violin bow by, 323
  • Tremolo, invention of, 184
  • Trent, Council of, action of, on church music, 167
  • Trinity Church, New York, 464
  • Tristan and Isolde, Wagner’s, 369, 370, 372
  • Troubadours, the, 97, 99–101
  • Trouvères, the, 97, 101–2
  • Troyer, Carlos, 485
  • Trumpets, use of, in war by the ancient Egyptians, 22;
    • use of, by the Hebrews, 27;
    • by the Greeks, 43;
    • by the Hindus, 66
  • Twentieth century music, 515 ff.
  • Tyndale, William, 190
  • Tyrol, the, making of lutes and viols in, 215
  • U
  • Unfinished Symphony, Schubert’s, 346
  • United States, the, folk music in, 140–5;
    • modern music of, 456 ff;
    • lack of definite traits in music of, that could be called national, 457;
    • Pilgrims and Puritans, 458–60;
    • William Billings, 460–2;
    • the Stoughton Musical Society, 462;
    • the Boston Handel and Haydn Society, 462;
    • music in Franklin’s Philadelphia, 463;
    • Francis Hopkinson, 463–4;
    • early opera, 465–6;
    • orchestras, 466–7;
    • the New York Philharmonic Society, 467;
    • Theodore Thomas, 467–8;
    • the Damrosch family, 468–70;
    • the Mason family, 470–1;
    • Gottschalk, 471–2;
    • Stephen Collins Foster, 472–4;
    • the New England group of composers, 475 ff.;
    • Dudley Buck, 476;
    • George Chadwick, 476–7;
    • Horatio Parker, 478–9;
    • women composers and song writers, 480–1;
    • Loeffler, 482–3;
    • Victor Herbert, 486;
    • Sousa, 487;
    • Ethelbert Nevin, 488;
    • Reginald de Koven, 488–9;
    • MacDowell, 491–4;
    • Henry Holden Huss, 495;
    • Albert Mildenberg, 497–8;
    • John Alden Carpenter, 498;
    • Eric Delamater, 498–9;
    • John Powell, 499–500;
    • negro Spirituals versus Jazz, 500–1;
    • Louis Gruenberg, 502–3;
    • Irving Berlin, 503;
    • George Gershwin, 503;
    • Charles Tomlinson Griffes, 504–5;
    • the American Music Guild, 506–7;
    • the American Academy in Rome, 507–8;
    • Leo Ornstein, 508;
    • song writers, 509–10;
    • foreigners writing in America, 510–12;
    • some American patrons of music, 512–13;
    • symphony orchestras, 513–4;
    • opera companies, 514;
    • twentieth century composers in, 545–6
  • University of California, open air theatre at, 469
  • V
  • Valkyrie, Wagner’s, 367, 368, 369, 371, 374, 375
  • Van der Stucken, Frank, 490
  • Varese, Edgar, 511
  • Vaudeville, origin of the word, 119–20
  • Venetian school of music, the, 155–7
  • Venice, first public opera house in, 185
  • Verdi, Giuseppe, account of his life and work, 377–81
  • Vielle, or hurdy-gurdy, the, 106
  • Vikings, the, 91
  • Viola, the, 216–17
  • Violin, makers of the, in Cremona, 14–17;
    • perfecting of the bow, 323;
    • the growth of violin music, 323–5
  • Violoncello, the, 216
  • Viols, of the Arabs, 60
  • Viotti, Giovanni Battista, 323
  • Virginal, the, 210, 310, 311
  • Virginals, in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, 195–6
  • Vitali, Giovanni Battista, 218
  • Vivaldi, 218
  • Volger, Abbé, 327, 328
  • W
  • Wagner, Wilhelm Richard, account of his life and work, 359–76;
    • influence of other musicians upon, 360–1;
    • first use of leit-motif by, 364;
    • The Flying Dutchman, 365;
    • Tannhäuser, 365–6, 370;
    • Lohengrin, 366, 368, 375;
    • The Nibelungen Ring, 364, 366 ff.;
    • Tristan and Isolde and The Meistersinger, 369–71, 372;
    • Bayreuth, 371–2, 373;
    • Parsifal, 372–3, 374;
    • his influence on opera, 374–6;
    • influence of, on Verdi, 377, 381;
    • followers of his theories in France, 389;
    • and Liszt, 405–6, 407, 408
  • Wagner, Siegfried, 395
  • Wallace, William Vincent, 341
  • Walther, Johann, 166
  • Washington, George, 464
  • Water organs, 309
  • Weber, Carl Maria von, 327–9, 333, 334;
    • influence of, on Wagner, 360
  • Weelkes, Thomas, 200, 201
  • Weingartner, Felix, 424
  • Wellesz, Egon, 533
  • Welsh folk music, 137–8
  • Wesley, Samuel, 340
  • Whiteman, Paul, 508
  • Whithorne, Emerson, 505
  • Whiting, Arthur, 482
  • Whitman, Walt, 474
  • Widor, Charles Marie, 392
  • Wieck, Clara, 352–3
  • Willaert, foundation of Venetian school of music by, 155–6
  • William the Conqueror, 93
  • William Tell, Rossini’s, 337
  • Williams, Vaughn, 543
  • Wolf, Hugo, 424–6
  • Wolfe, James, 380
  • Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno, 385
  • Wolle, Frederick, 464
  • Wood, Sir Henry J., 318
  • Worde, Wynken de, song book of, 191
  • Y
  • Young People’s Concerts, New York, 470
  • Ysaye, Eugene, 434
  • Z
  • Zarlino, books on harmony and theory by, 157
  • Zither, use of, by the Arabs, 60