INDEX.
- Abrin, 344, 345, 346, 401
- Abrin intoxication, action of body fluids on, 365, 420;
- Absorption. See Resorption
- Acari, mechanical action of, 3
- Acclimatisation. See Adaptation
- Acid reaction inside phagocytes, 83, 182
- Acid, secretion of, in osmosis, 37, 566
- Acidophile microbian flora of stomach, 418
- Actinians, digestion in, 53, 82, 85
- Actinodiastase, 57, 197
- Actinophrys, 14, 18
- Adaptation. See also Immunity
- Adaptation to toxic substances, 21–27, 30, 342, 390;
- Addiment (syn. Complement), 95
- Agglutination in natural immunity, 202, 206;
- Agglutinative power, transmission by heredity or suckling, 450;
- not developed parallel with bactericidal power, 483
- Agglutinins in immunity, 242, 245, 256–265, 295, 542, 559;
- Albuminoid substances, resorption of, 106–127
- Alexins. See also Cytases
- Alexins, 87–95, 96, 98, 184, 193, 255, 528, 533, 535, 539
- Alimentary canal. See Intestine
- Alizarin sulpho-acid, 13, 83, 183
- Alligator, 77, 143, 332, 401
- Amboceptors (syn. fixatives), 91, 93, 297, 557
- Ammocoetes, 77, 78
- Amoeba, 14, 18, 23, 547, 549
- Amoebo-diastase, 16, 197, 549
- Amoeboid cells. See Leucocytes and Phagocytes
- Amphibia. See Frog, Axolotl
- Amylase, 95;
- in the urine, 65
- Androctonus. See Scorpion
- Anopheles and malaria, 129
- Antagonism between certain bacteria, 323
- Anthrax, 11, 20, 21, 25, 41, 46, 180;
- immunity of dog against, 149–151, 242;
- acquired immunity of Scolopendra against, 209;
- natural immunity of white rat against, 526;
- protective serums against, 20, 276, 309–311;
- phagolysis in acquired immunity against, 280;
- immunisation against, by means of other bacteria, 323;
- infection by inhalation, 412;
- by ingestion, 423;
- immunity against, transmitted to offspring, 445, 447;
- vaccinations against, 208, 241, 468–471;
- method, 470;
- statistics, 471;
- vaccination against, by heated anthrax blood, 507;
- vaccines against, 208, 470, 509;
- phagocytosis in, 521, 523
- Anthrax bacillus, action on rabies, 150;
- bactericidal action of blood serums on, 20, 146, 150, 151, 156, 157, 240;
- increasing the virulence of, 150;
- attenuation of, 208, 288;
- eosinophile transformation in, 198;
- protective thickening of bacterial membrane in, 242;
- agglutination of, 203, 242, 260, 264;
- natural immunity against, 132–140, 143, 147, 149–159, 511, 512;
- acquired immunity against, 239–242, 276, 277;
- antagonism between, and certain bacteria, 323;
- fate of, in Algerian sheep, 512;
- destruction of, by defibrinated blood, 525
- Anthrax, symptomatic: immunity against bacilli of, 171;
- Antiabrin, 401
- Anti-arsenic serum, 390
- Anticytases, 112
- Anticytase serum, 115, 371
- Anticytotoxins, 110, 118, 122, 127, 360
- Antidiastase, 109
- Antidiastatic serums, 361
- Anti-enzymes, 109
- Antifixative, 112
- Antihaemolysins, 111
- Antihaemotoxins, 111, 119, 122
- Anti-infective. See Protective
- Antileucocidin, 359
- Antineurotoxin, 116
- Antirennet, 109
- Antiricin, 360
- Antisepsis, Nature replaces by asepsis, 432
- Antiseptics. See also Toxins and Adaptation
- Antiseptics and foods, 26
- Antiseptic action of the gastric juice, 417
- Antispermofixative, 124
- Antispermotoxins, 116, 122–126
- Antistreptococcic serum, 243–245
- Antitetanin, nervous origin of, 390
- Antitoxic. See also Protective
- Antitoxic unit of Ehrlich, 373, 496;
- Antitoxins, natural, in normal blood, 111, 204, 444;
- rarity in body fluids in natural immunity, 204, 532, 533;
- development of, during immunisation, 354;
- properties of, 354;
- present in various fluids of immunised animal, 355, 531;
- mode of action of, on toxins, 356–362, 371;
- conditions acting in mixtures of, with toxins, 362;
- immunity against toxins not in direct constant ratio to amount of, 367–376;
- effect of using serum from same species, 379;
- hypothesis as to nature and origin of, 377–402, 562;
- probable part played by phagocytes in production of, 400–402;
- rapid regeneration of, after bleeding, 379;
- augmentation in production of, by pilocarpin, 380;
- transmission of, by milk to offspring, 449;
- analogy of, with fixatives, 561;
- hypersecretion of, 563
- Antivenomous property of blood of scorpion, 328;
- Aqueous humour, bactericidal action of, 184, 192;
- Arsenic; adaptation to, 31, 343, 390;
- Arsenic acid, action of, on anthrax bacillus, 25
- Arsenious acid, adaptation of plasmodia to, 31
- Arthropoda. See Clothes-moth, Crayfish, Crustacea, Daphnia, Scolopendra, Scorpion, Spider, Tick
- Arthrospores of Hueppe, 254
- Ascaris, poor microbian flora in intestine of, 421;
- phagocytic organs of, 547
- Asepsis is Nature’s method, 432
- Aspergillosis, 2, 4.
- See also Mycoses
- Atrophic diseases, probably due to a parasite, 3
- Atropin, reaction of rabbit and guinea-pig to, 395, 396
- Attenuation. See also Vaccination, Vaccines
- Attenuation of micro-organisms and viruses, discovery and application of, 208, 247, 288, 508;
- Autodigestion in yeast, 197
- Autospermotoxins, 101
- Autotoxins, 104
- Axolotl, susceptible to tetanus toxin, 330
- Bacilli, anaerobic, natural immunity against, 169, 170
- Bacillus aërogenes, agglutination in, 264
- Bacillus chauraei. See Anthrax symptomatic
- Bacillus coli attacks potato, 35;
- Bacillus of Doederlein, 429;
- of Kiel water, 408
- Bacillus pyocyaneus, 42, 180, 254, 528;
- acquired immunity against, 210, 232–236, 301;
- Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in, 234, 307;
- special forms of growth in serums from vaccinated animals, 256;
- agglutination of, 261, 307;
- susceptibility to the toxins of, 290, 351;
- action of specific serum on, 307, 358;
- antagonistic to anthrax bacillus, 323;
- immunisation against toxin of, 351;
- a leucocidin from, 359;
- action of liver on toxin of, 427;
- heredity of immunity against toxin of, 446
- Bacillus ranicida, 140
- Bacteria. See Micro-organisms
- Bactericidal action of serum, influence of alkalinity or acidity on, 196;
- function of the tears, 408
- Bactericidal property. See also Body fluids, Humoral theory, Serums
- Bactericidal property: in blood and other fluids, 20, 146, 150, 151, 156, 157, 184–193, 211, 226, 233, 238, 240, 241, 243, 244, 512, 525–531, 542, 554;
- of body fluids, theory of osmotic pressure, 193, 213;
- of extracts of glands and exudations, 195;
- of the saliva, 415;
- absence of, from the intestinal ferments, 424, 567;
- of serums, Wright’s method of testing, 483;
- does not develop parallel with agglutinative, 483;
- and immunity, absence of parallelism, 554
- Bactericidal substance (alexin, complement, cytase): in blood and other fluids, 184–193, 534;
- source of, in body fluids, 185–193;
- theory of leucocytic secretions, 187–191;
- presence in body fluids due to phagolysis, 191;
- is of phagocytic origin, 185, 192;
- in body fluids, microphages source of, 187;
- not resistant to heat, 268;
- and so distinguished from protective substance, 268;
- Pfeiffer’s theory of, 534
- Bacteriolysis. See Micro-organisms, destruction of
- Bacteriolysis, analogy between haemolysis and, 537
- Bat, immunity against tetanus of hibernating, 339
- Baumès-Colles’ law in syphilis, 436
- Behring’s “normal serum,” 496
- Bile, function of, 60;
- Bipinnaria, 70, 518
- Blastomycetes. See also Yeast-cells
- Blastomycetes, resistance of Daphnia to, 131, 404, 520;
- Blood, pepsin in the, 66, 563;
- precipitins in the, 68, 106, 107, 568;
- fate of effusions of, 73;
- bactericidal power of, 184 (see also Bactericidal, Serums);
- natural antitoxins in normal, 111, 204, 444;
- stimulant (protective) action of human, 271, 318;
- immunity conferred by maternal, 447;
- recognition of, in medico-legal research, 107, 568;
- from convalescents, protective power of, 437, 441, 443;
- agglutination of (see Agglutination)
- Blood corpuscles, resorption of red, 47, 50, 56, 57, 70, 72, 79–100, 537 (see also Haemolysis);
- Body fluids. See also Bactericidal, Blood, Humoral theory, Serums
- Body fluids, natural immunity and the composition of, 128–131, 146;
- Boophilus bovis, 247
- Bordet’s sensibilising substance, 91, 199, 298, 535, 537, 557
- Botulism, protective action of fats against toxin of, 387;
- action of digestive diastases on toxin of, 420
- Bouchard’s theory of acquired immunity, 232, 286;
- of attenuating power of serums, 286–289
- Bouillon de panse, 473
- Bovidae, acquired immunity of, against Texas fever, 247, 279;
- Broth as a protective fluid, 320, 321, 365
- Buccal cavity, microbial products in the protection of the, 416;
- flora of, 414
- Buchner’s theory of immunity, 512, 527
- Calf lymph vaccine, method of preparation, 456
- Carassius. See Goldfish
- Carmine, fixation of tetanus toxin by, 388, 394
- Cattle. See Bovidae
- Cattle plague. See Rinderpest
- Cayman. See Alligator
- Cellular or histogenic immunity, 335, 336, 340, 563–565
- Cellulosase, 86
- Cerebral substance, action of emulsions of, on toxins, 386
- Cerebral tetanus, 383, 391
- Chemiotaxis. See also Hyperleucocytosis, Susceptibility
- Chemiotaxis in Infusoria, 19;
- Cholera antibody (fixative), 253, 267, 292
- Cholera, Asiatic, protective power of blood of convalescents from, 441;
- vaccinations against, 480–481
- Cholera peritonitis, heredity of immunity against, 447, 448;
- immunity of guinea-pig against, 533
- Cholera toxin, alligator resistant to, 333;
- Cholera vibrio. See also Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, Vibrios
- Cholera vibrio, adaptation of, to bactericidal substance, 23;
- susceptibility of larva of Rhinoceros beetle to, 40, 133;
- immunity of frog against, 142;
- of guinea-pig against, 163, 533;
- extracellular destruction of, 165, 212 (see also Pfeiffer’s phenomenon);
- eosinophile transformation in, 198;
- arthrospores of, 254;
- agglutination of, 261, 264;
- protective action of serums against, 268, 271, 318;
- of human blood against, 271, 318;
- immunity to, is not insusceptibility to its toxin, 290;
- origin of protective property against, 291;
- protective action of various fluids against, 320;
- antagonism between certain bacteria and, 324;
- in stomach, 419, 567;
- susceptible to acids in vitro, 419;
- in intestine, 423, 567;
- serum from animals immunised against, 532
- Cholesterin. See also Fats
- Cholesterin, fixation of toxins by, 387;
- fixation of saponin by, 389
- Chytridium, 12
- Cicatrisation of plants, 34
- Clasmatocytes, 78
- Clavelée (la). See Sheep-pox
- Clavelisation against Sheep-pox, 460
- Clothes-moths, micro-organisms absent from digestive canal of larvae of certain, 420
- Coccobacillus prodigiosus. See under Micrococcus
- Cockchafer larva, 70, 326
- Complement of Ehrlich, 88, 91, 193, 251, 297
- Complementoids of Ehrlich, 115
- Concussion, spinal, adaptation to, 564
- Conjunctiva, elimination of micro-organisms by the, 408;
- absorption of toxins by the, 409
- Copula of P. Müller, 91
- Cornea, protective resistance by the, 409
- Crayfish, susceptible to certain toxins, 345;
- Crickets and micro-organisms, 41, 133;
- natural immunity against toxins in, 329
- Crustacea. See Crayfish, Daphnia
- Crustacea, protective function of integument of, 404
- Cyprinus. See Goldfish
- Cytase of Laurent, 86
- Cytases (syn. alexins, complements), 93, 98, 123;
- elaborated by phagocytes, 197, 252, 539, 549–556;
- thrown out into plasmas during phagolysis, 95, 99, 102, 197, 252, 551–554;
- bactericidal power of, 183, 184, 191, 193–198, 217 (see also Bactericidal, Body fluids, Serums);
- unity or plurality of, in same serum, 193, 197;
- absorption of, 194, 200;
- two kinds of, macrocytase and microcytase, 195, 296, 549;
- characters of the, 197, 549;
- enzymes other than, in phagocytes, 197;
- in the immunised organism, 250–255, 296, 317, 554;
- presence or absence of, how determined, 253;
- Ehrlich’s and author’s views on, contrasted, 297;
- compared with fixatives, 555
- Cytotoxins, 105 (note), 110, 116
- Daphnia, resistance of, to Blastomycetes, 131, 404, 520
- Darwin on the extinction of the elephant, 8
- Dermis, arrest of micro-organisms in the, 406
- Desmon (of London), 91
- Diastases. See Digestive ferments, Ferments
- Digestion in the higher animals, 49, 59–65;
- Digestion, intracellular. See also Phagocytes, Phagocytosis, Resorption
- Digestion, intracellular, 48, 85, 517, 518, 520;
- Digestive ferments, antitoxic function of, 424;
- action of, on toxin of botulism, 420
- Diphtheria, 7, 41, 132, 204;
- antitoxic power of blood of convalescents from, 443;
- antitoxic power against, in blood of healthy persons, 444;
- and in blood of new-born children, 445;
- heredity of immunity against, 445, 447, 448;
- influence of anticytase serum on, 371;
- vaccinations against, 495–503;
- serum against, 495;
- standardisation and testing of this serum, 496–498;
- its protective and antitoxic powers do not develop in equal ratio, 497;
- its prophylactic use, 498–503;
- accidents during treatment, 499, 502;
- statistics, 500–503
- Diphtheria toxin, increased susceptibility of immunised guinea-pig to, 290;
- natural immunity of rat and mouse against, 204, 339;
- natural immunity of frog against, 330;
- immunisation against, 344, 347, 349, 353;
- attenuation of, 344;
- preventive action of nucleohiston on, 365;
- action of, on brain of laboratory animals, 386;
- sets up local lesions in the conjunctiva, 409;
- pepsin destroys, 419
- Diplococcus pneumoniae. See Pneumococcus
- Diseases, fear of, and pessimism, 1, 569;
- Dog, immunity of, against anthrax, 149–151, 242;
- action of anthrax bacillus on rabid, 150;
- immunity of, against streptococci, 167;
- naturally refractory against a staphylococcus, 266;
- bactericidal action of blood of, on anthrax bacillus, 150, 151, 156;
- digestion of gelatine by leucocytes of, 108;
- enterokynase in lymphoid organs of, 61;
- digestive fluids of, 62–65;
- disinfecting power of small intestine of, 422;
- phagocytosis in, 149, 151;
- haematozoon in, 279
- Domestic animals, immunisation of, against disease. See Bovidae, Dog, Goat, Horse, Pig, Sheep, Swine, Vaccines, Vaccinations
- Dourine, 2, 247
- Drepanidium, 515
- Drugs, absorption of, by leucocytes, 400
- Duodenum, chemiotaxis of mucous membrane of, 64
- “Dust” cells, 75, 411–414
- Eel’s serum. See also Ichthyotoxin
- Eel’s serum, toxic action of, 20, 111, 563;
- Effusions of blood, fate of, 73
- Ehrlich’s neutral red reaction, 13, 83, 181;
- Elephant, extinction of, 8
- Elimination of micro-organisms from the body, 43, 46;
- Emys. See Turtle
- Endo-enzymes, 197
- Endotrypsin of yeast, 197
- Enterokynase, 59, 98
- Enzymes. See Ferments
- Eosinophile leucocytes, secretion by, in bacteriolysis, 187, 542
- Eosinophile staining reaction, 198
- Epidermis, exfoliation of the, 406
- Ernst’s bacillus, immunity of frog against, 140
- Erysipelas. See Swine erysipelas
- Erysipelas, immunity in, 434
- Erysipelas streptococcus, protective action of, against anthrax, 323;
- its use in malignant tumours, 434
- Excretion. See also Elimination
- Excretion in relation to micro-organisms, 43, 432;
- Exfoliation of the epidermis, 406
- Exudations, bactericidal power of, 185, 193, 195
- Farcy, slow evolution of, 406
- Fats, protective action of, against toxins, 387
- Ferments. See also Intestinal, Digestive, Fibrin-ferment, Gastric juice, Saliva, Trypsin
- Ferments, Pasteur on the organised nature of, 2;
- Fibrin ferment (plasmase), 95, 197, 550
- Fishes. See Goldfish
- Fishes, phagocytosis in, 135
- Fixatives (immunising body, or amboceptor, or sensibilising substance), 88, 92–95, 97, 98, 103–105, 199–202, 296;
- synonyms of, 91;
- analogy of, with enterokynase, 98;
- presence of, in plasmas, 103, 112–114, 217;
- in protective serums, 269, 438;
- in mesenteric glands, 98;
- in spermotoxins, 101;
- origin of, 103, 294, 537, 556–559;
- specificity of, 88, 105, 216, 251, 253, 296;
- rarity of, in normal fluids, 199–201, 250;
- method of determining whether present in a serum, 199;
- absent from aqueous humour of immunised animals, 217, 222, 251;
- in the immunised organism, 250–255;
- properties of, 251, 253, 255, 554;
- differ from agglutinative substances, 255, 265, 559;
- relation of, to phagocytosis, 291, 295;
- part played by, in Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, 251, 295;
- and protective substances closely connected, 269, 294, 295, 561;
- compared with cytases, 555;
- mechanism of action of, 557
- Food substances, absorption of, by other channel than alimentary canal, 67
- Foods and antiseptics, 26
- Foreign bodies, fate of, in organism, 46, 52, 55, 56, 517
- Formed elements, resorption of the, 47, 67–105
- Fowl, immunity of, against anthrax, 144, 159;
- Fowl cholera, infection of laboratory animals with, 181;
- Friedländer’s bacillus prevents infection by anthrax, 323
- Frog, phagocytosis in, 137, 142;
- immunity of, against anthrax, 137;
- against Ernst’s bacillus, 140;
- against bacillus of mouse septicaemia, 141;
- against cholera vibrio, 142;
- acquired immunity of, against pyocyanic disease, 210, 301;
- natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 330;
- against diphtheria toxin, 330;
- immunisation of, against abrin, 345;
- absorption of tetanus toxin by brain of, 386
- Frog embryo, positive chemiotaxis in segmentation-cells of, 565
- Fungi, diseases set up by, 2, 4, 18, 32, 131, 135, 404
- (see also Aspergillosis, Mycoses)
- Galactose. See Milk-sugar
- Gamaleia’s vibrio. See Vibrio metchnikovi
- Gastric juice, antiseptic action of, 417;
- Gelatine, resorption of, 107
- Gentilly bacillus. See Pneumo-enteritis
- Gerbil, tubercle in, 22, 183
- Goat, action of normal serum of, on cholera toxin, 365;
- Goldfish, 72, 135
- Goose septicaemia. See Spirochaete anserina
- “Greek method” of variolisation against small-pox, 507
- Gruber’s theory of immunity, 256, 262
- Guinea-pig, immunity of, against spirilla, 160, 162;
- against vibrios, 163, 211–227, 275, 287, 531, 533;
- against streptococci, 165;
- against tetanus bacillus, 169;
- against symptomatic anthrax, 171;
- against Trypanosomata, 173;
- acquired immunity against spirilla of recurrent fever, 227–230;
- against typhoid, 191, 230;
- against Bacillus pyocyaneus, 234–236;
- against anthrax, 276, 277;
- phagocytosis in, 162, 163, 166, 170, 223;
- hypersusceptibility of immunised, to diphtheria toxin, 290;
- protective power of serum of immunised, 293;
- effect of removal of spleen of, 293;
- antivenomous action of serum of, 338;
- immunisation of, against cholera toxin, 351;
- increasing natural susceptibility of, to toxins, 369, 370;
- reaction of, to atropin, 396
- Haematopoietic organs. See also Lymphoid organs
- Haematopoietic organs as source of protective substance, 292–294
- Haematozoa. See Piroplasma, Trypanosoma
- Haematozoon in dog closely allied to that of Texas fever, 279
- Haemolysis. See also Blood corpuscles, resorption of
- Haemolysis, 79–100, 111, 112, 537;
- Haemomacrophages, 76, 136
- Haptophore atomic group in a toxin, 120, 350, 384
- Hedgehog, natural immunity of, against poisons and venoms, 337
- Helix pomatia, 70, 134
- Heredity of immunity, 445–453, 513
- Herpestes. See Mongoose
- Hibernation, effects on resistance to toxins, 339
- Hippocampus, 135
- Histogenic immunity, 336
- (see Immunity, cellular)
- Hog cholera, resemblance of bacillus of, to that of pneumo-enteritis, 259;
- Horse. See also Diphtheria
- Horse, acquired immunity against cholera vibrio, 222;
- against streptococci, 244, 245, 313;
- local reaction to tetanus toxin in, 352;
- immunised, with poor yield in antitoxin, 373, 375;
- reaction of, to one unit of toxin, 378;
- antitoxic power of serum of normal, 380;
- phagocytosis in, 245, 313;
- antivenomous action of serum of, 338;
- vaccination of, against rabies, 466;
- vaccination of, against anthrax, 470;
- protective serum against tetanus in, 493
- Humoral phenomena in immunity, 184, 250, 290, 437–440, 525–531, 542, 543
- Humoral theories of immunity, 184, 525–531, 542, 543;
- attempts to reconcile with theory of phagocytes, 539
- Humours. See Body fluids, Serums
- Hyperleucocytosis. See also Chemiotaxis
- Hyperleucocytosis during immunisation, 352, 393
- Hypersecretion, 563 (see Receptors)
- Hypersusceptibility to toxins in immunised animals, 290, 368–374, 564
- Hyphomycetes, diseases caused by, 2
- Hypopyon, pus of, 96
- Ichthyotoxin, 110, 120, 121, 122, 326, 360
- (see also Eel’s serum)
- Immunisation. See Immunity, acquired, artificial and temporary, Vaccination
- Immunisation against toxins, principal methods of, 345–350;
- Immunising body of Ehrlich, 91, 251;
- Immunity, historical sketch, 505–543;
- summary, 544–569;
- by attenuated micro-organisms, 2;
- predisposition or absence of, 7;
- against infective diseases, 9;
- definition of, 10;
- against micro-organisms, 10, 41, 42, 128–206, 207–324;
- against toxins, 10, 41, 42, 325–341, 342–402;
- not same as against micro-organisms, 290, 351;
- in unicellular organisms, 11–28;
- in multicellular plants, 29–39;
- in plants, action of manures on, 36;
- in the animal kingdom, 40–66;
- cellular or histogenic, 335, 336, 340, 563–565;
- active (Ehrlich), 378 = isopathic immunity (von Behring);
- passive (Ehrlich), 378, 453 = antitoxic immunity (von Behring);
- passive against micro-organisms, 300–324, 560;
- isopathic (von Behring), 378;
- antitoxic (von Behring), 378;
- of the skin, 403–407;
- of the mucous membranes, 407–432;
- susceptibility in, 565 (see also Hypersusceptibility, Susceptibility);
- channel of entrance in, 567;
- applications of theory of, to medical practice and to the research of new organisms, 567–569
- Immunity, natural: 10, 17, 18, 30;
- amongst Invertebrates, 40, 131–135;
- amongst Vertebrata, 41, 135–174;
- against micro-organisms, 128–174, 175–206;
- and composition of body fluids, 128–131;
- against anaerobic bacteria, 169, 170;
- part played by inflammation in, 176;
- importance of microphages in, 177;
- humoral theory of, 184;
- agglutination in, 202, 206;
- against toxins, 325–341
- Immunity, acquired: 10, 19, 31;
- against micro-organisms, 207–249, 250–299;
- against vibrios, 211–227;
- against pyocyanic disease, 210, 232–236, 301;
- against spirilla of recurrent fever, 227–230;
- against typhoid bacillus, 230;
- against swine erysipelas, 236–239;
- against anthrax, 239–242;
- against streptococcus, 243–247;
- against Trypanosomata, 247–249, 316;
- against staphylococcus, 266
- Immunity, rapid and temporary: against micro-organisms, 300–324;
- Immunity, artificial, against toxins, 342–402;
- Immunity acquired by natural means, 433–453;
- Immunity, acquired: amongst Invertebrata, 209–210;
- amongst Vertebrata, 210–249;
- relation of Pfeiffer’s phenomenon to, 224;
- Bouchard’s theory of, 232, 286;
- double action of cytases and fixatives in, 250–255, 296, 554;
- agglutinative substances in, 242, 245, 256–265, 295, 542, 559;
- protective properties of body fluids in, 266–280;
- phagocytosis in, 220, 223–226, 245, 280–286, 295;
- origin of fixative properties in body fluids in, 294;
- relation between fixatives and phagocytosis in, 291, 295;
- humoral phenomena in, 184, 250, 290, 525–531, 542, 543;
- bactericidal power of fluids in, 250;
- Gruber’s theory of, 256, 262;
- against micro-organisms, susceptibility to the specific toxin in, 289;
- principal phenomena associated with, 295–296;
- against micro-organisms in no ratio to protective power of blood, 372–374;
- by suckling, mouse the only animal in which, 450, 452;
- theory of exhaustion of nutrient medium as cause of, 510–512;
- theory of presence of inhibitory substance, 511, 512;
- theory of local inflammatory reaction, 512;
- theory of adaptation of cells in, 513;
- theory of phagocytes in, 514–525, 539–543;
- theory of bactericidal power of body fluids, 525–531, 542, 543;
- theory of antitoxic power of body fluids, 531;
- theory of extracellular destruction of micro-organisms by leucocytic secretions, 187–191, 533–537, 542;
- theory of side-chains, 120, 381–384, 538, 557, 562–563;
- present phase of the question of, 540–543
- Immunproteidin of Emmerich and Löw, 254
- Infection, agents, mechanical and other, that prevent or aid, 3–5, 170–173, 426
- (see also Diseases, Elimination, Micro-organisms)
- Inflammation in immunity, 176, 512;
- Influenza bacillus, cultivation of, in body fluids, 130, 554;
- vaccination against, 277
- Infusoria. See also Trypanosoma
- Infusoria, 12–20, 23, 26, 326
- Inoculation. See Immunisation, Vaccination
- Insects, natural immunity in, 132, 326, 329;
- Insusceptibility of cells of refractory animals, 341
- Integument of Invertebrata, protective function of, 404
- Intermediary body, 88, 91, 296, 557
- Intestine, protective function of the, 422;
- Intestinal ferments, absence of microbicidal power from, 424, 567;
- Invertebrata, natural immunity in the, 40, 131–135, 326–329;
- Iodine trichloride in immunisation, 347
- Iron, absorption of, by leucocytes, 399
- Irritability, part played by, 18, 27 (see also Susceptibility);
- in plants, 38
- Isaria, resistance to infection by, 329
- Koch’s phenomenon in tuberculosis, 437
- Kupffer’s cells, 75
- Leprosy, etiological factors in, 4
- Leprosy bacillus, 75, 411
- Leucocidin, and its neutralisation, 359
- Leucocytes. See also Phagocytes
- Leucocytes (amoeboid cells) in resorption, 47, 73, 175, 514, 515;
- adaptation of, to virulent bacteria, an education, 281;
- various categories of, 74–79;
- soluble ferments of, 95;
- chemiotaxis of, 119, 177;
- theory of bactericidal secretions by, 187–191, 533–537, 539, 540, 542;
- action of leucocidin on, 359;
- absorption of poisons by, 393–400;
- situations where there are no pre-existing, 551
- Lily of the valley, acquired immunity in, 513, 515
- Liver, serum against cytotoxin acting on, 116;
- Lizard, resistance of, to tetanus toxin, 332
- Lugol’s solution in immunisation, 347
- Lupus, slow growth of, 406
- Lymphocytes. See also Leucocytes, Phagocytes
- Lymphocytes, 76, 78
- Lymphoid organs. See also Haematopoietic organs, Phagocytic organs
- Lymphoid organs, protective function of the, 428;
- as source of sensibilising substance (fixative), 537
- Lymphomacrophages, 76
- Macrocytase (alexin, complement), 86, 98, 105, 112, 196, 549;
- Macrophages, 76, 77, 79, 547;
- the part they play in resorption, 80–100, 176;
- staining reactions of, 77;
- in phagocytosis, 144, 148, 154, 157, 161, 162, 164, 173, 184, 228, 245, 321, 548;
- act more especially in resorption of animal cells, 176, 196, 548;
- but intervene specially against human tubercle bacillus in pigeon, 148;
- against spirilla, 162, 177, 228;
- and against streptococci, 245;
- not source of bactericidal substance in body fluids, 187;
- part played by, in arsenic poisoning, 397;
- the principal source of antitoxin, 401;
- of skin, reaction of, against micro-organisms, 407
- Macrophagic organs, digestive property of, 85, 150
- Malaria, immunity against, 129, 278;
- Manures, influence on plant diseases, 36
- Marmot, immunity of hibernating, against tetanus, 339
- Martin’s broth (bouillon de panse), 473
- Massowah vibrio, acquired immunity against, 221;
- action of specific serum on, 305
- Mastzellen, 77
- Membranes, protective secretion of, by bacteria, 21, 242
- Meriones shawii, 22, 183
- Mesenteric glands, 62, 85, 98, 195
- Mesoderm, function of amoeboid cells of, 518
- Microbicidal. See Bactericidal
- Micrococcus prodigiosus, 42, 45;
- Microcytase digests bacteria, 196, 197, 296, 550;
- Micro-organisms, minuteness of certain pathogenic, 3;
- variability in action of, 5;
- staining reactions of, 13, 83, 181, 183, 198, 213;
- immunity by attenuated, 2, 509;
- pathogenic, in healthy persons, 7;
- adaptation of, to toxic substances, 21, 25;
- protective secretion of membranes by, 21, 242;
- defence in plants against, 35;
- defences of animals against, 545;
- elimination of, from the body, 43, 46 (see also Elimination);
- resorption of, 46, 175, 546;
- antidiastase against enzymes of, 109;
- natural immunity against pathogenic, 128–174, 175–206;
- acquired immunity against pathogenic, 207–249, 250–299, 300–324;
- anaerobic, immunity against, 169, 170;
- pathogenic animal, 2, 173, 247–249, 277–279, 316;
- destruction of, an act of resorption, 175, 206 (see Bacteriolysis);
- presence of, in white corpuscles, 514;
- adaptation of phagocytes to destroy, 558, 566;
- mode of entry into phagocytes, 177;
- digested by phagocytes, 181, 514–525, 536, 539–543 (see Phagocytes, Phagocytosis);
- transformation into spherical granules, 198 (see also Pfeiffer’s phenomenon);
- extracellular destruction of, 165, 212, 533–537, 542;
- modified growth in serums from immunised animals, 256, 259 (see also Agglutination);
- specific diagnosis of, by modified growth, 256, 259;
- agglutination does not prevent growth of, 262;
- changes which they undergo in immunised animal, 289;
- attenuation of, 208, 286–289, 508;
- adjuvant and retarding functions of, 170, 426;
- antagonism between anthrax and certain, 323;
- antagonism between cholera vibrio and certain, 324;
- acidophile, 418;
- exfoliation of epidermis to get rid of, 406;
- localisation and arrest of, in the dermis, 406;
- destruction of toxins by, 427
- Microphages, 77, 78, 79, 148, 152, 154, 162, 164, 172, 185, 245, 548;
- Microsphaera, 18
- Milk, absorption of, 107;
- Milk-sugar, adaptation of yeasts to, 26
- Mithridates, method of protecting himself against poisons, 343
- Mollusca. See also Helix, Phyllirhoë, Thetys
- Mollusca, natural immunity in, 134;
- liver of, an organ of second digestion, 59
- Mongoose, immunity of, against snake venom, 339
- Monkeys, immunised, with poor yield in antitoxin, 373;
- Monospora, parasite of Daphnia disease, 131, 404, 520
- Morphia, adaptation to, 343
- Mouse, infection of, by swine erysipelas, 270, 307, 476;
- Mouse septicaemia, immunity of frog against, 141;
- Mouth. See Buccal cavity
- Mucous membranes, immunity of the, 407–432;
- Mycoses, pulmonary, 413
- (see also Aspergillosis)
- Mygale. See Spiders
- Myriapods. See Scolopendra
- Myxomycetes, plasmodia of, 30, 545
- Naegeli’s theory of immunity, 512
- Nagana disease, 2, 4, 247, 316
- (see Trypanosoma)
- Narcosis. See Opium
- Nasal mucous membrane, elimination of organisms by, 410
- Nepenthes, digestive juice of, 355
- Nerve centres, susceptibility of, to toxins, 564
- Neuroglia cells, their phagocytic function, 75
- Neurotoxin, 116
- Neutral red, reaction of, 13, 83, 181
- Nuclein as a protective substance, 320;
- vaccinal against plague, 490
- Nucleohiston, preventive action of, on diphtheria toxin, 365
- Nutrition, certain diseases of, probably due to a parasite, 3;
- Oidium albicans, growth of, in serum of immunised animals, 257
- Omentum, glands of, 85;
- Opium, its action on leucocytes, 225, 231, 236, 306, 307;
- Oryctes nasicornis. See Rhinoceros beetle
- Osmotic pressure, adaptation of plants to, 37, 39, 566;
- Ovum in the Graafian follicle, immunity acquired by the, 448
- Oxalic acid, function of, in plants, 37, 566
- Oxydases, 96
- Pancreatic digestion, 60, 63, 65
- Pancreatic juice, antitoxic power of, 424
- Pancreatic secretion, its adaptation to kind of food, 64, 65
- Paralysis, general progressive, and syphilis, 435
- Paramaecia, 13, 16, 17, 19
- Parasites in infective diseases, 2, 9
- (see also Micro-organisms)
- Pasteur’s theory of exhaustion of nutrient medium, 510–512;
- Pepsin in the urine, 65, 97;
- Pessimism and fear of disease, 1, 569
- Peyer’s patches, 61;
- protective function of, 428
- Peziza. See Sclerotinia
- Pfaundler’s reaction, 259
- Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in cholera vibrio, 165, 192, 212–226, 251, 267, 268, 280, 301–307, 534–536;
- Pfeiffer’s theory of immunity, 534
- Phagocytes (See also Leucocytes), amoeboid cells with digestive function, 7, 182, 547;
- in Sponges, 69;
- in Vertebrata, 73;
- various categories of, 74–79;
- of Bipinnaria and Phyllirhoë, 70;
- chemiotaxis of, 79, 108, 133, 167, 177, 280;
- the source of the haemolytic ferment, 100;
- of osseous fishes, 135;
- of frog, 137;
- ingest living and virulent bacteria, 142, 177, 179–181, 558, 566;
- function of, 151, 157, 177, 181, 206, 547, 548, 566;
- mode of entry of microorganisms into, 177;
- acid reaction inside, 83, 182;
- action of opium on, 225, 231;
- theory of, and side-chain theory compared, 296–299, 538;
- in defence of animal against poisons, 393–400;
- in production of antitoxin, 400–402;
- in the defence of the skin, 407;
- attempts to reconcile theory of, with humoral theory, 539;
- history of theory of, 514–525, 539–543;
- stimulant action of, 532
- Phagocytic crisis of Bordet, 314;
- Phagocytosis in osseous fishes, 135;
- in frogs, 137, 142;
- in fowl, 144, 282;
- in dog, 149, 151;
- in rat, 154, 157;
- in guinea-pig, 162, 163, 166, 170, 223;
- in horse, 245, 313;
- in rabbit, 159, 167, 169, 233, 239, 314;
- effect of removal of spleen on, 150;
- agents that prevent, 170–173 (see also Opium);
- neutralisation of toxins not necessary for, 205, 289;
- and agglutination, 202, 242, 245;
- ensures natural immunity, 206;
- action of opium on, 225, 231, 236, 306, 307;
- action of rabbit’s serum on, 231;
- in acquired immunity, 220, 223–226, 245, 280–286, 295, 313;
- relation to fixatives in acquired immunity, 291, 295;
- in the immunity conferred by specific serums, 303–317;
- history of, and of the theory of phagocytes, 514–525, 539–543;
- its application in surgery, 568
- Phagolysis, 80, 99, 165;
- Philocytase, 91, 92
- Phloridzin, its action on natural immunity, 150
- Phyllirhoë, two modes of digestion in, 58;
- resorption by phagocytes of, 70
- Pig. See also Swine
- Pig, protection of, against tetanus, 493
- Pigeon, immunity of, against anthrax, 146;
- immunity of, against human tuberculosis, 147;
- immunity of, against influenza bacillus, 130, 554;
- its blood best culture medium for influenza bacillus, 130, 554;
- susceptible to swine erysipelas, 476;
- protective power of serum of, immunised against anthrax, 276, 277, 288;
- vaccination of, against anthrax, 276, 277
- Pilocarpin augments production of antitoxin, 380
- Piroplasma bigeminum, 247, 279
- Plague, bubonic, rapid immunisation by serum, 312;
- protective influence of broth against, 321;
- production of antitoxic serum by, 401;
- infection by, through the nasal cavity, 409, 411;
- vaccinations against, 486–492;
- serum treatment in, 490–492;
- immunity against, when acquired and duration, 488, 489;
- statistics on vaccinations against, 488;
- prophylactic treatment against, 491;
- Reports of German and English Commissions on, 489
- Planarians, digestion in, 49, 71, 82
- Plants, immunity in multicellular, 29–39;
- Plasma, Gengou’s method of preparing, 157, 190
- Plasmas. See also Body fluids, Serums
- Plasmas, presence of fixatives in, 103;
- Plasmase (fibrin ferment), 95, 197, 550
- Plasmodia, intracellular digestion in, 30, 545;
- Pleuropneumonia, bacterium of, 3, 130, 478, 569;
- Pneumococcus, modified growth of, in serums from immunised animals, 256, 262;
- Pneumo-enteritis of swine, cocco-bacillus of, 259;
- Pneumonia, fibrinous, relapses separated by periods of immunity, 434
- Poisons. See also Toxins
- Poisons, absorption of, by leucocytes, 393–400
- Polyphagus euglenae, 12
- Potato attacked by Bacillus coli, 35
- Precipitins in the blood serum, 68, 106, 107;
- Predisposition or absence of immunity, 7
- Preventive substances of Bordet (syn. fixatives), 266
- Profetta, law of, 453
- Protective or anti-infective property. See also Antitoxic, Antitoxins, Blood, Body fluids, Serums
- Protective property, origin of, in serums and other fluids, 291–294;
- Protective action of normal serums, 317–320;
- Protective function of the skin, 404–407;
- Protective substance resistant to heat, 268;
- Protective vaccinations, 454–504
- Proteus vulgaris, susceptibility of leucocytes to, 166, 179, 201, 282;
- Protozoa, intracellular digestion in the, 13, 30, 49;
- Prussic acid, antidote to, 363
- Pseudo-diphtheria bacilli, 444
- Pseudo-eosinophile leucocytes, secretion by, 187, 542
- Pseudo-immunity or resistance, 320
- Pus, ferment in, 96
- Pyrogallic acid, its action on natural immunity, 150
- Rabbit, immunity of, against anthrax bacillus, 159;
- against streptococci, 167, 168;
- against tetanus bacillus, 169;
- against cholera vibrio, 424;
- against pleuropneumonia, 569;
- acquired immunity of, against pyocyanic disease, 232;
- against swine erysipelas, 236–239, 527;
- against anthrax, 239, 323;
- against streptococcus, 243–247, 284–286, 312, 314;
- against pneumo-enteritis, 260, 266, 275, 311, 532;
- against pneumococcus, 262;
- against a staphylococcus, 266;
- against hog cholera, 290;
- against mouse septicaemia, 509;
- phagocytosis in, 159, 167, 169, 233, 239, 314, 569;
- infection by streptococci in, 283;
- action of serum of vaccinated, on bacillus of pneumo-enteritis, 287;
- action of agglutinated pneumococci on, 287;
- vaccinated against hog cholera susceptible to its toxin, 290;
- immunised against anthrax by means of the erysipelas coccus, 323;
- immunised against anthrax by products of Bacillus pyocyaneus, 323;
- infection by anthrax prevented by Friedländer’s bacillus, 323;
- brain of, very susceptible to action of tetanus toxin, 383;
- reaction of, to atropin, 395
- Rabies, action of anthrax bacillus on, 150;
- Rat, immunity of, against anthrax bacillus, 152, 526;
- Receptors, 93, 120, 296;
- Recurrent fever. See Spirilla, Spirochaete obermeyeri
- Recurrent fever, transient acquired immunity against, 434
- Rennet, 109, 119
- Reptilia. See Alligator, Turtle, Snake, Lizard
- Reptilia, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 331–334
- Resistance to disease, 8–10.
- See Immunity, Pseudo-immunity
- Resorption of micro-organisms, 46, 175 (see also Immunity, cellular, Micro-organisms);
- of the formed elements, 47, 67–105;
- a true intracellular digestion, 85, 296;
- of cells in the Invertebrata, 70;
- of red corpuscles by phagocytes of the Vertebrata, 72, 80 (see also Phagocytes, Phagocytosis);
- part played by macrophages in (see Macrophages);
- and digestion closely related, 69, 85;
- of spermatozoa, 84, 100;
- of white corpuscles, 84 (see also Leucocytes, Phagocytes);
- of albuminoid substances, 106–127;
- of cells and the phenomena in acquired immunity, 296
- Respiratory channels, protection by the, 411–414;
- absorption of poisons by the, 414
- Rhinoceros beetle, natural immunity in larvae of, 132, 209, 326, 329;
- Ricin, 344, 360, 446, 449
- Rinderpest, action of bile on, 425, 466;
- Ring-worm, mechanical factor in, 4
- Robin (toxalbumin of Robinia pseudacacia), 365;
- Saccharomyces. See Yeasts
- Saline solution (physiological) as a protective fluid, 320, 365
- Saliva, microbicidal property of the, 415;
- Saponin, haemolytic action of, 389;
- Saprolegnia. See Fungi
- Sarcinae as adjuvant organisms, 426
- Sarcinae, acidophile, 418
- Sclerotinia, pathogenic action of, 32
- Scolopendra, acquired immunity in, against anthrax, 209
- Scorpion, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 326;
- Scorpion serum, action of antivenomous serum on, 365
- Scorpion venom, antitoxic action of crayfish blood against, 366
- Scrofula in immunity against tuberculosis, 436
- Secretion of bactericidal substance, theory of, 187–191, 533–537, 540, 542
- Sensibilising substance of Bordet (fixative), 91, 199, 298, 535, 537, 557
- Sensitiveness of plants to osmotic pressure, 37, 566
- Septicaemia of goose. See Spirochaete anserina
- Septicaemia of mouse. See Mouse septicaemia
- Septic vibrio, 170
- Serums. See also Blood, Body fluids, Humoral theory, Toxins
- Serums, haemolysis by, 83, 87–95 (see also Haemolysis);
- effect of injections of, 68;
- increasing haemolytic power of, 90;
- isotoxic, 104;
- absorption of, 106;
- antihaemotoxic, 111, 112;
- haemolytic or haemotoxic, 111, 112;
- anticoagulating, 190;
- anticytase, 115, 371;
- antispermotoxic, 116, 122–126;
- bactericidal properties of, 184, 190, 191, 192, 193, 206, 211, 226, 233, 238, 241, 243, 244, 260, 298, 554;
- influence of alkalinity or acidity on bactericidal action of, 196;
- agglutination of red blood corpuscles by, 258;
- agglutination of bacteria by, 256–265, 380;
- protective power of, in the immunised organism, 266–280, 287, 293, 295, 532;
- differs from bactericidal power, 268;
- and from agglutinative power, 268;
- and is not a measure of acquired immunity, 271, 274, 275;
- protective, may be only feebly antitoxic, 497;
- modified growth of bacteria in immunised, 256, 259 (see also Agglutination);
- resistance to heat of protective substance of, 268;
- fixatives in protective, 269, 438;
- their origin, 294;
- protective and fixative substances contrasted, 269;
- relations of fixative and cytase in bactericidal action of, 298;
- stimulating action of, 270–274, 301, 308–320, 365;
- absence of protective power in specific, 270, 276–279;
- origin of protective power in, 291–294;
- theory of attenuation of micro-organisms by immune, 286–289;
- inactive specific, rendered active by addition of normal serum, 215, 268, 298, 302, 317;
- protective action of heated normal serum, 273, 318;
- protective action of non-specific, against toxins, 365;
- from convalescents, protective action of, 437–444;
- temporary immunity against micro-organisms conferred by specific, 301–317;
- conferred by normal, 317–320;
- conferred by fluids other than, 320–322;
- phagocytosis in the immunity conferred by specific, 303–306;
- influence of opium on immunisation by specific, 306;
- antivenomous action of, 334, 338, 358, 360, 361;
- antitoxic action of non-specific and normal, 365, 380;
- anti-arsenic, 390;
- antileucocidic, 359;
- antidiastatic, 361;
- testing and standardisation of antitoxic, 376, 476, 496–498
- Sheath, protective. See Membrane
- Sheep, natural immunity of, against anthrax, 159, 289;
- acquired immunity of, against anthrax, 241–3, 289;
- bactericidal action of blood serum of, 241, 286;
- protective power of serum of, immunised against anthrax, 276;
- immunised with blood from dog affected by a haematozoon, 279;
- vaccination of, against sheep-pox, 460;
- against rabies, 466;
- against anthrax, 469;
- protection against tetanus in, 493;
- fate of anthrax bacilli in Algerian, 512
- Sheep-pox (la clavelée), heredity of immunity against, 452;
- vaccinations against, 460–461
- Side-chains or receptors, theory of, 120, 381–384, 538, 557, 562–563;
- Silver, soluble salts of, absorbed by leucocytes, 400
- Skin, immunity of the, 403–407;
- Small-pox, mortality from, in 18th century, 454;
- Snail. See Helix pomatia
- Snake, natural immunity of, against snake venom, 333
- Snake venom, natural immunity of snakes against, 333;
- of hedgehog against, 337;
- of mongoose against, 339;
- artificial immunity against, 345, 347;
- action of antivenomous serum on, 358, 360, 361;
- of other specific serums on, 365;
- of cerebral substance on, 386;
- protective substances against, 387;
- action of saliva on, 417;
- action of bile on, 425;
- vaccination methods of savage races against, 506
- Spermatozoa, resorption of, 84, 100;
- Spermotoxin, 101, 116, 125
- Spiders, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 326
- Spirilla, natural immunity against, 159;
- Spirochaete anserina, 160
- Spirochaete obermeyeri, 160;
- Spleen, function of, 62, 85;
- Spleen and other haematopoietic organs as source of protective substance, 292–294;
- Sponges, digestion of, 69, 517
- Staining reactions of cells and micro-organisms, 13, 77, 83, 181, 183, 198, 213
- Standardisation of antidiphtheria serums, 376, 496–498;
- Staphylococcus, acquired immunity against, 266, 532;
- protective action of normal serum against, 319
- Staphylococcus pyogenes in vagina, 430
- Stellate cells of Kupffer, 75
- Stimulant action. See also Body fluids, Protective
- Stimulant action of serums, 270–274, 301, 308–320, 365;
- Stimulins and their action in serums, 270–274
- Stöhr’s phenomenon, 429
- Stomach, acidophile microbian flora of, 418
- Streptococci, protective sheath formed by, 22;
- immunity against, 165, 179, 282, 284–286;
- phagocytosis in immunity against, 245, 313;
- acquired immunity against, 243–247, 313;
- agglutination by serum of, 244, 245;
- reaction of animal organism against, 245–247;
- antitoxin against, 205;
- and phagocytosis, 283;
- action of specific serums on, 287, 288, 312;
- protective action of various fluids against, 320, 321
- Streptococcic serum, action of, on leucocidin, 359
- Sturin, bactericidal action of, 183
- Suprarenal capsules, protective function of, 431
- Susceptibility. See also Chemiotaxis, Hypersusceptibility, Irritability, Sensitiveness
- Susceptibility of immunised animals to the specific toxin, 289;
- Swine. See Pig, Pneumo-enteritis
- Swine erysipelas, acquired immunity against, 236–239, 254, 283, 527;
- agglutination of bacilli of, 262;
- specific serum of, will not prevent infection, 270;
- phagocytosis in, 283;
- action of immune serums on bacillus of, 288, 289;
- protective action of specific serum against, 307;
- method of testing strength of serums against, 476;
- vaccinations against, 473–477;
- Pasteur’s method, 473;
- Lorenz’s method, 475;
- “serum-vaccinations” method, 475;
- vaccines against, 208, 473, 509
- Swine plague, 259, 260
- Synapta, 518
- Syphilis, immunity in, 435;
- Tears, microbicidal function of the, 408
- Testing of serums. See Standardisation
- Tetanolysin of Ehrlich, 349
- Tetanospasmin, 362
- Tetanus, immunisation against, 344, 347, 492–495;
- Tetanus antitoxin, hypothesis of nervous origin of, 381–385;
- Tetanus bacillus, natural immunity against, 169, 204
- Tetanus toxin, natural immunity of spiders and scorpions against, 326;
- of larvae of Oryctes and of cricket against, 329;
- of frog against, 330;
- of reptiles against, 331–334;
- of fowl against, 335;
- of hibernating animals against, 339;
- attenuation of, 344;
- localisation of, in vascular organs, 336;
- brain of rabbit very susceptible to action of, 383;
- fixation of, by substance of nerve centres, 382;
- by certain parts of brain and cord, 386, 391;
- by other cells, 391, 392;
- action of emulsions of frog’s brain on, 386;
- fixation of, by carmine, 388, 394;
- absorption of, by leucocytes, 393–395;
- action of extract of spleen on, 365;
- toxone (tetanolysin) of, 349, 362;
- local reaction to, in horse, 352;
- heredity of immunity against, 446, 448, 450
- Texas fever, acquired immunity of Bovidae against, 247, 279;
- Thetys, 517
- Thymus gland, immunising power of, 293
- Tick, attenuation of parasite of Texas fever in, 247
- Tonsils, protective function of, 428
- Torulae as adjuvant organisms, 426
- Toxins, immunity against, 10;
- immunity of unicellular organisms against, 19;
- adaptation of bacteria to, 21–27;
- of yeasts to, 20, 26;
- of plasmodia to, 30;
- action of, on Infusoria, 19, 326;
- composition of, 120;
- neutralisation of, not necessary for phagocytosis, 205, 289;
- immunity against micro-organism not same as against toxin, 251, 290;
- protective fixation of, by nerve elements and other cells, 386–400;
- methods of immunisation by modified and unmodified, 345–347 (see Immunisation);
- local reaction in immunisation against, 352;
- action of normal serums on, 365;
- of non-specific serums on, 365;
- protective action of fats against, 387;
- leucocytic reaction against, 393–400;
- absorption of, by the conjunctiva, 409;
- by the respiratory channels, 414;
- destruction of, by the intestinal organisms, 427;
- attenuation of, 344;
- natural immunity against, 325–341;
- artificial immunity against, 342–402;
- against bacterial, 343;
- against vegetable, 344, 365;
- heredity of immunity in phanerogamic, 446, 449;
- susceptibility of nerve centres to, 564
- Toxoids, 349 (see also Toxophore);
- immunisation by, 350
- Toxones, 349, 362;
- method of immunisation by, 349
- Toxophore atomic group in toxin (= toxoid), 120, 350, 384
- Trichinae, mechanical action of, 3
- Tristeza (syn. Texas fever), 247
- Tropidonotus. See Snake
- Trypanosoma, 4, 129, 147;
- Trypanosomata, fate of, in refractory animal, 173;
- Trypsin, antitoxic power of, 424
- Tsetse fly, 4, 9, 129, 247
- Tubercle bacillus, formation of sheath by, 22, 183
- Tuberculin as a protective substance against cholera vibrio, 320
- Tuberculosis, mechanical etiological factors in, 4
- Tuberculosis, bacillus of, 22, 42, 143;
- Tumours, malignant, probability of discovery of parasite of, 3;
- use of erysipelas streptococcus in, 434
- Turtle, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 332, 386
- Typhoid, protective power of serum of convalescents from, 437–440;
- Typhoid bacillus, 23, 143, 191, 198, 203;
- acquired immunity against, 230;
- attenuated Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in, 230, 303, 304;
- agglutination of, 260, 261, 380, 439;
- resistance to agglutinated, 263;
- protective action of serums against, 272–274, 293, 317, 319;
- origin of protective substance against, 292;
- of agglutinative property against, 294;
- protective action of various fluids against, 320;
- passes uninjured through stomach, 418;
- transmission by suckling, of agglutinative power against, 450
- Typhoid infection, experimental, in laboratory animals, 230, 267;
- Typhoid septicaemia, experimental, heredity of immunity against, 447
- Tyrosin, protective action of, 387
- Unicellular organisms, immunity in, 11–28;
- Unit, Ehrlich’s immunising, 373, 496
- Urinary ferments, 66
- Urinary organs, protective function in, 431
- Urine as a protective fluid, 320, 431;
- Vaccination. See also Immunisation
- Vaccinations, protective, 208, 241, 267, 454–504, 507;
- with attenuated micro-organisms, 509
- Vaccine against fowl cholera, 208
- Vaccines against anthrax, 208, 470, 509;
- Vaccinia, supposed micro-organism of, 455–456
- Vagina, autopurification of, 429
- Variolisation, early use of, 455, 507
- Venom. See Snake venom
- Ver blanc, syn. cockchafer larva
- Vibrio. See also Cholera vibrio, Massowah vibrio, Septic vibrio
- Vibrios, acquired immunity against, 211–227;
- Vibrio metchnikovi, acquired immunity against, 211, 226, 527, 531;
- Viper. See Snake, Snake venom
- Viruses, attenuated, 208, 508;
- vaccination with, whose nature is as yet unknown. See Small-pox, Sheep-pox, Rabies, Rinderpest
- Vitellus of egg of immunised fowl, tetanus antitoxin present in, 356;
- immunity conferred by, 449
- Warlomont’s calf lymph vaccine, 456
- Weber-Fechner, law of, 27, 38, 566
- Willem’s method of vaccination against pleuropneumonia, 477;
- Pasteur’s modification of, 477
- Wright’s method of vaccination against typhoid, 482;
- method of testing bactericidal power of body fluids, 483
- Yeast-cells, adaptation of, to poisons, 20, 26;
- Yeasts, diseases due to, 2
- Yolk. See Vitellus
- Zymase, 197, 550