Inorganic Plant Poisons and Stimulants

INDEX OF PLANT-NAMES

The symbols after the plant-names represent the elements referred to on the pages indicated.

Acorus Calamus
Mn, 79
Actinostrobus pyramidalis
Mn, 80
Aesculus
Mn, 78
Agathis robusta
Mn, 80
Ageratum
Cu, 24;
Zn, 42
Alder
As, 53
Algae
As, 62, 64;
B, 66, 77
Allium
(see Onion)
Zn, 47
Alnus incana
Mn, 79
Aloe
Cu, 26
Amomum sp. (Paradieskörner)
Cu, 15
Ampelopsis
Cu, 32;
Zn, 47
Anaboena
Cu, 35
Angiosperms
B, 66
Anthracnose
B, 76
Apple
B, 65, 66
Apricot
Cu, 16
Araucaria Bidwilli
Mn, 80
Cunninghamii
Mn, 80
Armeria sp.
Zn, 38
vulgaris
Zn, 36, 37
Arundo Sacchar
Mn, 78
Asparagus
Mn, 79
Aspergillus
Cu, 33, 34
Aspergillus niger (= Sterigmatocystis nigra)
Zn, 48, 49, 50;
As, 63;
B, 76;
Mn, 90
Athrotaxis selaginoides
Mn, 80
Barley, 11, 13;
Sr, 5;
Cu, 16, 17, 20, 29;
Zn, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46;
As, 52, 54, 55, 57, 60, 61;
B, 66, 69, 75;
Mn, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94
Beans
Cu, 16, 17, 26;
Zn, 47
Beech
Mn, 79
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
Cu, 16, 26;
Zn, 37, 39;
Mn, 78, 79
Beet, sugar
B, 65
Betula alba
B, 66
Birch
Mn, 79
Botrytis cinerea
Mn, 90
Brassica oleracea
Mn, 78
Buckwheat, 11;
Cu, 16, 17, 29, 30;
As, 53
(see Polygonum Fagopyrum)
Cabbage
Sr, 5;
As, 51, 52;
Mn, 87
Cacao
Cu, 16
Callitris gracilis
Mn, 80
robusta
Mn, 80
Cannabis
B, 72
sativa
B, 66
Capsella Bursa-pastoris
Zn, 37
Cardamomum minus
Cu, 15
Carrot
Mn, 79
Cauliflower
Mn, 78
Cherry
B, 65
Chestnut
Ca, 71;
Mn, 79
Chickpea
Cu, 16;
B, 66
Chicory
Mn, 79
Chrysanthemum
B, 66
Clover
Zn, 42, 44
Colea
Cu, 24;
Zn, 42;
As, 58
Collinsia
B, 72
Coniferae
Zn, 38
Conium maculatum
Mn, 78
Colza
B, 74
Couch grass
Mn, 83
Cow pea
Cu, 18
Cruciferae
Mn, 78, 89
Cryptomeria japonica
Mn, 88
Curcuma longa
Cu, 15
Currant
Cu, 31
Dacrydium Franklini
Mn, 80
Dianthus caryophyllus
Mn, 79
Elodea canadensis
Cu, 32;
Zn, 48
Fagopyrum esculentum
Cu, 29
Ferns
B, 66
Fig
Zn, 42;
B, 65, 66
Fir
Mn, 80
Flax
Mn, 78, 88, 89
Fungi
Cu, 33;
Zn, 44, 50;
As, 64;
B, 66, 77
Geranium
Cu, 24;
Zn, 42;
As, 58
Gramineae
B, 72;
Mn, 89
Grasses
Zn, 39, 40, 42
Gymnosperms
B, 66;
Mn, 80
Haricot
B, 71, 72
green
As, 52
white
Zn, 37
Hemp
Sr, 5
Hop
B, 66
Hordeum distichum
As, 54
vulgare
Zn, 39, 47
(see Barley)
Iberis
B, 72
Laminaria saccharina
B, 66
Leguminosae
B, 72;
Mn, 78, 89
Lentil
Mn, 79
Lichen
As, 59
Linseed
Cu, 16, 17
Linum
B, 72
Love-apple
B, 66
Lucerne
Mn, 79, 91
Lupin
Cu, 17, 19;
As, 59
white
As, 61;
B, 67, 70
(see Lupinus albus)
yellow
B, 70, 75
Lupinus albus
Cu, 19, 20, 22;
Zn, 45;
B, 68
(see White Lupin)
Maasa picta
B, 65
Maize
Cu, 16, 17, 19, 24, 26, 27;
Zn, 37, 44;
As, 53, 54, 60;
B, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74;
Mn, 79, 81
Menyanthes trifoliata
Cu, 35
Mildew
B, 76
Molinia cærulea
Cu, 16;
Zn, 37
Mould
B, 76
Mucor mucedo
As, 59, 63
Mushroom
B, 66
Mustard
Cu, 17
Nasturtium
Cu, 17
Nuphar lutea
Cu, 35
Oak
Cu, 16;
Zn, 42
Oat
Cu, 16, 17, 19;
As, 53;
B, 74;
Mn, 79, 82, 86, 87
Onion
B, 66;
Mn, 88
Onobrychis sativa
Zn, 39
Opium
Mn, 79
Oscillatoria
Cu, 35
Panicum italicum
Cu, 26;
As, 58
Pansy
Cu, 24;
Zn, 42;
As, 58
Paprika
Cu, 16, 17
Paradieskörner (Amomum sp.)
Cu, 15
Pea
(see Pisum sativum)
sweet
Cu, 17
Pear
Cu, 16;
B, 65
Penicillium
Cu, 33, 34
brevicaule
As, 63
cupricum
Cu, 34
glaucum
Cu, 23;
As, 59, 63;
Mn, 90
Phaseolus vulgaris
Cu, 17;
As, 59
Phormidium Valderianum
As, 62
Phyllocladus rhomboidalis
Mn, 80
Pine
Mn, 80
Pineapple
Mn, 83
Pisum arvense
Cu, 29
sativum
Cu, 17, 18, 26, 27, 29;
Zn, 41, 47;
As, 58
(“Pea”), 3, 11, 13, 93;
Cu, 17, 26, 29, 30;
Zn, 40, 46;
As, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 61;
B, 67, 73, 74, 75, 93;
Mn, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92
Plantago lanceolata
Zn, 37
Podocarpus elata
Mn, 80
Polygonum amphibium
Cu, 35
aviculare
Zn, 37, 38
Fagopyrum
Cu, 26, 39;
Zn, 41;
As, 54, 58
(see Buckwheat)
Persecaria
Cu, 5;
As, 54
Poplar
Cu, 15
Potato
Cu, 16, 26, 27, 30;
As, 52;
Mn, 78, 79
Protococcus infusionum
As, 62
sp.
As, 63
Pyrus communis
Mn, 79
Radish
Sr, 5;
B, 74;
Mn, 84, 90
Raphanus
B, 72
sativus
Zn, 39
Raspberry
As, 65
Rice
Zn, 47;
B, 66, 73;
Mn, 79, 86, 87, 88
Rosa remontana
Mn, 79
Rubus
B, 66
Rye
Cu, 16;
As, 60, 61
Sainfoin
Mn, 79
Secale cereale
Cu, 26;
Zn, 41;
As, 58
Silene inflata
Zn, 36, 37
Solanum tuberosum
Mn, 78
Soy beans
Cu, 17, 19;
B, 67;
Mn, 81, 85
Spinach, 41;
B, 73;
Mn, 89
Spergula arvensis
Zn, 39
Spirogyra
Cu, 35;
As, 62;
B, 76
Stichococcus bacillaris
As, 62
Sterigmatocystis nigra
Zn, 48, 49
(see Aspergillus niger)
Sugar cane
B, 65
Taraxacum officinale
Zn, 37
Tea
Mn, 79
Thlaspi alpestre
Zn, 36
sp.
Zn, 38
Tobacco
B, 66
Trapa natans
Mn, 79
Trifolium pratense
Zn, 39
Triticum vulgare
Cu, 17;
B, 67
(see Wheat)
Tropeolum Lobbianum
Cu, 17, 18
Turnip
As, 51, 52;
B, 74
swede
Mn, 78
Tussilago Farfara
Zn, 37, 38
Ulothrix tenerrima
As, 62
Ustilago
Cu, 28
Vaucheria
B, 76
Vicia Faba
Sr, 5;
Cu, 27, 29
sativa
B, 67;
Zn, 39
Viola sp.
Zn, 38
tricolor
Zn, 36
Vine
Cu, 31
Vitis vinifera
As, 52
Watercress
B, 66
Water-melon
B, 65
Wheat
Cu, 16, 17, 23;
Zn, 37, 44, 46;
As, 52, 60;
B, 66, 70, 72, 73;
Mn, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87
Willow
Zn, 39, 40
Yeast
Zn, 50;
B, 76
Zea japonica
Cu, 17, 18
Mays
(see Maize)

GENERAL INDEX

Absorption capacity of soils for zinc, 41
of poisons by plants, 25
Accelerators, 45
Action of heavy metals in mixed solutions, 20
Adsorption, 8, 23
Aeration in water cultures, 8
Algae, assimilation of arsenic by, 62
clearing ponds of, 35
effect of arsenic on, 62
effect of boron on, 76
effect of copper on, 35
Aluminium, 45, 78
Arbutin, 4
Arsenate, potassium, 53, 62, 63
sodium, 55, 57, 61
Arsenates, 53, 57
Arsenic acid, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 64
acid v. arsenious acid, 53
acid v. phosphoric acid, 53, 62
elimination of, 59
gas liberated by moulds, 63
in soil, effect of, 58
in superphosphate, 58
Arsenious acid, 53, 54, 57–61, 64
immunity of plants to, 58
Arsenite, sodium, 55, 56, 61
Arsenites, 53, 57
v. arsenates, 57
Artificial oxydases, 84
soil, 24, 46
Assimilation, reduction in water plants, 48
Barium, 44
Borate, calcium, 71
potassium, 71
Borates, 72
Borax, 71, 73
Bordeaux mixture, 30
blocking of stomata by, 33
on assimilation, effect of, 33
Boric acid, 1, 65–76, 93
Boromannitic acid, 68
Boron, antiseptic action of, 70
colour due to, 75
distribution in plants, 66
poisoning, indication of, 68, 69
rôle in plant economy, 74
Cadmium, 31
Calamine, 37
plants, 38
soils, flora of, 37
Calcium carbonate, 4, 23, 25
chloride, 20, 59
sulphate, 20, 44, 45
Carbon black, 23
dust, 10
Catalytic elements, 49, 91
Chlorophyll, 44, 60
Complementary manures, 47, 91
Conditions of plant life, 7
Copper, acetate, 19
action on plant organs, 30
bicarbonate, 26
bromide, 19
chloride, 19, 20
compounds, corrosive action on plant roots, 5, 27
distribution in tissues, 16
mode of action on plants, 25
nitrate, 19, 25
oxide, 15, 25
quantity in certain plants, 17
salts, injection into plant tissue, 31
sprays, effect on leaves, 30, 32
sulphate, 5, 19, 20, 22–27, 29–35, 41
Cumarin, 4
Distilled water, preparation of, 10
Double decomposition in soil, 25
Duration of experiments, 13
Experimental methods, comparison of, 14
Ferric chloride, sublimed, 86
hydrate, 23
Fungi, effect of arsenic on, 63
effect of boron on, 76
effect of copper on, 33, 34
effect of manganese on, 90
effect of zinc on, 48
Galactose, 76
Glucose, 76
Germination, effect of arsenic on, 60
effect of boron on, 72
effect of copper on, 27, 28
effect of manganese on, 84
effect of zinc on, 43
of seeds in sawdust, 11
Grading of seeds, 11
Growth in copper-distilled water, 17
of peas in water cultures, 11
Hydrochloric acid, 22
Hydroquinone, 91
Hypothesis of universal stimulation, 93
Iodine, 2, 91
Individuality of plants, error due to, 13
of species, 61
Interaction between soil and poison, 9
Iron, 31, 49
oxide, 78
sesquioxide, 84
sulphate, 48, 81, 85, 88
Laccase, 91, 95
Lack of control over field experiments, 9
Lead, 10, 26, 42, 44
Magnesium carbonate, 83, 84, 87
chloride, 20
sulphate, 1
Manganese as top-dressing, 89
chloride, 86, 88
commercial value of, 88
cytological action of, 81, 82
dioxide, 84, 87
essential to Coniferae, 80
in Australian soils, 83
in leaves, deposition of, 82
in organic combination, 79
iodide, 83, 84
manuring, after-effects of, 88
nitrate, 83, 84
oxide, 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 88
phosphate, 79, 83, 86
retardation of ripening by, 82, 85
sulphate, 81–89, 94
Masking effect of inorganic food salts, 4, 20
Mercuric chloride, 22
oxide, 41
Mercury, 26
Metallic oxides, 78
Methods;
field experiments, 9
sand cultures, 8
soil cultures in pots, 9
water cultures, 7, 11
Mode of entry of poisons into plants, 4
Nickel, 24, 50
Nucleinic combination, 79
Nutrient solutions, composition, 13
Oligodynamic action, 28
Over-mineralisation of plants, 71
Phosphoric acid, 53, 54, 62, 64
Photo-synthesis, effect of copper on, 32
Potassium hydrate, 22
Presence of arsenic in animals, 51
in plants, 51
of boron in plants, 65
of copper in plants, 15
of manganese in plants, 78
of zinc in plants, 36
Pyrogallol, 91
Raulin’s solution, 49
Reproduction of poisoned plants, 40
Silver nitrate, 22
Sodium chloride, 20, 44
hydroxide, 22
nitrate, 4
Sterile cultures, 24
Stimulation, by injection of copper solutions, 31
by small doses of poisons, 2
definition of, 2
local, 47
of Aspergillus niger, 50
of fungi by copper, 34
of plants by arsenic, 61
of plants by boron, 73
of plants by copper (negative), 28
of plants by manganese, 84
of plants by zinc, 45–47
physiological considerations of manganese, 90
Strontium sulphate, 5
Sugar, 22, 31, 48, 49, 50, 68
Sulphur, flowers of, 10
Thymol, 22
Toxic action, effect of arsenic, 52
effect of boron, 67
effect of copper, 17
effect of light on, 44
effect of manganese, 81
effect of zinc, 38
equivalent, 18
limits of plant poisons, estimation of, 26
Toxicity, of nutrient salts, 1
of organic compounds, 4
of poisons, cause of, 22
of positive ions in copper compounds, 19, 22
reduction of, 39, 44
reduction of, by carbon black and ferric hydrate, 23
reduction of, by insoluble substances, 22
Toxin and nutrient, distinction between, 3
Transmission of power of resistance, 72
Valency, effect on toxicity, 44
Vanillin, 4
Variation in results on different substrata, 24
Zinc, absorption by roots, 42
carbonate, 38, 42, 43
effect of, on lower plants, 48
effect of, on plant and soil, 41
fixation of, 49
mode of action on plants, 43
oxide, 37, 47
oxide on leaves, deposition of, 47
storage in seeds, 43
sulphate, 38–49
sulphide, 42

Inorganic Plant Poisons and Stimulants

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INDEX OF PLANT-NAMES

GENERAL INDEX