Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War

INDEX

• AFFIRMATIONS of the herd, belief in normal, 39
• AGE and the herd instinct, 86
  • ——, the predominance of, 87
• AGE AND YOUTH, jealousy between, 86
  • ——, reactions of, in relation to sex, 84, 85
• ALCOHOLISM, psychological meaning of, 58
• ALTRUISM, instinctive meaning of, 122–124
  • ——, a natural instinctive product, 46
  • ——, not a judgment, 46
  • ——, energy of, 47
• ANARCHISM, psychological basis of, 253
• ANTHROPOMORPHISM in psychology, 14
• BEER, and comparative psychology, 14
• BELIEF, non-rational and rational, distinction of, 43, 44
  • ——, characters of, 44
• BETHE, and comparative psychology, 14
• BINET, 34
• BREEDING against degeneracy, objections to, 64
  • —— for rationality, objections to, 45
• CAT AND DOG, instinctive differences in feeling, 98
• CERTITUDE and knowledge, 35
• CHURCH, the, in wartime, 154
• CIVILIZATION, its influence on instinct in man, 93
• CIVILIZATIONS, the decline of, 241, 242
• COMMUNISM, psychological basis of, 254
• CONFLICT in the adult, superficial aspects of, 52, 53
  • —— in childhood and adolescence, 49
  • —— in civilized man, 49
• CONSCIENCE, peculiar to gre­gar­i­ous animals, 40
• CONVERSATION as a mode of recognition, 119
• DARWINISM as a herd affirmation, 39
• DEDUCTIVE METHOD in psychology, 14
• DUTY, 48
• ENGLAND, social type, 201, 202
  • ——, morale of, 207–209
  • ——, and the spirit of the hive, 203–206
• ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIND, importance of, 63
  • ——, need for rational adjustment of, 64
• FREUD’S PSYCHOLOGY, general discussion of, 76
  • ——, as an embryology of the mind, 88
  • ——, biological criticism of, 77, 78
  • ——, evolution of the “normal” mind, 73
  • ——, hypothesis of mental development, 72
  • ——, importance of conflict, 72
  • ——, nature of mental conflict, 73
  • ——, suggested deficiencies of, 88, 89
  • ——, the unconscious, 74
• GERMANY, features of government, 163–165
  • ——, aggressive social type, 167, 168
  • ——, social structure, 169, 170
  • ——, observed mental characters, 173 et seq.
  • ——, conscious direction of the State, 163, 169, 191
  • ——, in relation to other nations, 179–182
  • ——, morale of, 182–188
  • ——, discipline, 189–191
  • ——, conditions of morale in, 193, 194
  • ——, objects of war with, 194–201
• GOVERNMENT, Sources of, 257
• GREGARIOUSNESS, not a superficial character, 19
  • ——, widespread occurrence in nature, 20
  • —— in man, probably primitive, 22
  • ——, mental equivalents of, 31–33
  • ——, biological meaning of, 101, 102
  • ——, analogy to multicellular structure, 103
  • ——, meaning of wide distribution of, 103, 104
  • ——, specialization and co-ordination, 105, 106
  • ——, varieties of, 107, 108
  • ——, in insects, 105–107
  • ——, in mammals, 107, 108
  • ——, protective and aggressive, 110, 111
  • —— in man, disadvantages of:
    • disease, 133;
    • resistiveness, 133
  • —— in man, defects
    • of specialization, 135;
    • of homogeneity, 137
  • ——, aggressive, protective, socialized, 166, 167
• GREGARIOUS ANIMAL, special char­ac­ter­is­tics of, 28
  • ——, general char­ac­ter­is­tics of, 29
  • ——, characters of, 108, 109
  • ——, fear in, 111
• GREGARIOUS CHARACTERS IN MAN:
  • intolerance of solitude, 113;
  • religion, 113;
  • sensitiveness to the herd, 114;
  • mob violence and panic, 115;
  • susceptibility to leadership, 115;
  • recognition by the herd, 118
• HAECKEL, 24
• HERD INSTINCT, contrasted with other instincts, 47
  • ——, mode of action of, 48
  • —— in the individual, special character of, 98
• HISTORY, biological interpretation of, 99, 100
• HUMAN CONDUCT, apparent complexity of, 13, 14
• HUXLEY, antithesis of cosmical and ethical processes, 24
• INSTINCT, definition of, 94
  • ——, mental manifestations of, 95
  • ——, disguised but not diminished in man, 99
• INSTINCTIVE ACTIVITIES, obscured in proportion to brain-power, 97
• INSTINCTIVE EXPRESSION, essential to mental health, 244, 245
• INTELLECT, the, essential function of, 243
  • ——, biological aspect of, 255
• JAMES, WILLIAM, introspective aspect of instinct, 15
• LEADERSHIP, 116, 117
  • —— in society, 246
  • —— a substitute for common impulse, 247
  • ——, defects of, 247
  • —— in Germany and in England, 248–250
• LE BON, GUSTAVE, 26
• MAN as an animal, a fundamental conception, 66, 67, 243
  • —— as a gre­gar­i­ous animal, vagueness of earlier conceptions, 21
  • —— as an instinctive animal, current view of, 93
• MENTAL CAPACITY and instinctive expression, 121
• MENTAL CONFLICT, discussed in relation to Freud’s doctrines, 79–81
  • ——, the antagonism to instinctive impulses, 82
• MENTAL CONFLICT, source of the repressive impulse in, 82, 83
• MENTAL INSTABILITY, and conflict, 57
  • ——, in modern society, 56, 57
• MINORITIES and prejudice, 216, 217
• MORALE, in England, 207–209
  • ——, in Germany, 182–188
  • ——, maintenance of, 147–155
  • ——, relation of homogeneity to, 144–147
  • —— and officialism, 155
• MULTICELLULARITY and natural selection, 18
• MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS, the, 18
• NATIONAL consciousness, 228
  • ——, simplicity of, in England, 228
• NATIONAL feeling in war, 216–218
  • ——, growth and common impulse, 245, 246
• NATIONAL industry and private enterprise, 257
• NATIONAL types contrasted, 232
• NON-RATIONAL OPINION, frequency of, 35, 36, 93, 94
• “NORMAL” type of mind, 53, 54
• NUEL and comparative psychology, 14
• PACIFISM, 125
• PEARSON, KARL, biological significance of gre­gar­i­ous­ness, 23, 24
  • ——, possibility of sociology as a science, 12
• PERSONALITY, elements in the evolution of, 87
• PREJUDICE, precautions against, 220–222
• PRIMITIVE MAN, rigidity of mental life, 34
• PSYCHO-ANALYSIS, char­ac­ter­is­tics of, 70, 71
• PSYCHOLOGICAL ENQUIRY, biological method, 91, 92
  • ——, primitive introspective method, 68, 69
  • ——, objective introspective method of Freud, 70
• PSYCHOLOGY of instinctive man, failure of earlier speculations, 16
• RATIONALIZATION, 38
• RATIONAL statecraft, need of, 241, 251
  • ——, basis of, 252, 253
• RECOGNITION, 118, 119
• RELIGION and the social animal, 50, 51
• SEGREGATION of society, effects of, 215
• SENSITIVENESS to feeling, importance and danger of, 64
• SIDIS, BORIS, and the social instinct in man, 26, 27
• SOCIAL EVOLUTION, in insects, relation to brain-power, 62
  • ——, in man, delayed by capacity for reaction, 62
• SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, continuous with individual psychology, 12
• SOCIAL stability, an effect of war, 235, 236
• SOCIAL instability, a sequel of war, 236, 237
• SOCIOLOGY, definition of, 11
  • ——, psychological principles of, 255
• SOLITARY AND GREGARIOUS ANIMALS, elementary differences, 17
• SOMBART, WERNER, Germans the representatives of God, 177
• SPEECH in man, and gre­gar­i­ous­ness, 34, 40
• SPENCER, 24
• STABLE-MINDED type, 54, 55
• SUGGESTION and reason not necessarily opposed, 45
• UEXKÜLL and comparative psychology, 14
• UNSTABLE-MINDED type, 58, 59
• VARIED REACTION and capacity for communication, importance to the herd of, 61
• WAR, instinctive reactions to, 140–143
  • —— and rumour, 144
  • —— as a biological necessity, 126–132
• WARD, LESTER, views on gre­gar­i­ous­ness in man, 24, 25
• WELLS, H. G., impossibility of sociology as a science, 12
• WOLF PACK, the, as an organism, 29