WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910 / Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. LIX, No. 4, 1914 cover

Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910 / Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. LIX, No. 4, 1914

Chapter 63: TABLE XV
By Samuel Joseph
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

History - AmericanHistory - EuropeanHistory - Modern (1750+)

About This Book

The study examines Jewish emigration from Eastern Europe between 1881 and 1910, analyzing economic, social, and political conditions in Russia, Romania, and Austria-Hungary that prompted departure. It surveys occupational and urban distribution of Jewish communities, legal restrictions, violent persecutions, and economic pressures such as land and trade exclusions. Statistical methods are deployed to estimate numbers and national origins of immigrants to the United States, including decade-by-decade and annual variation analyses. The work interprets how Eastern European policies and social structures shaped the character, skills, and settlement patterns of Jewish immigrants in the United States, and concludes with comparative summaries of causes and immigration trends.



TABLE VIII

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES, 1881 TO 1910, ABSOLUTE NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES, BY DECADE AND COUNTRY OF NATIVITYToT

Country of nativity Absolute numbers Percentages
Total 1881-1890 1891-1900 1901-1910 1881-1890 1891-1900 1901-1910
Russia 1119059 135003 279811 704245 69.9 71.1 72.1
Austria-Hungary 281150 44619 83720 152811 23.1 21.3 15.7
Roumania 67057 6967 12789 47301 3.6 3.2 4.8
United Kingdom 42589 — — 42589 — — 4.4
Germany 20454 5354 8827 6273 2.8 2.3 .7
British North America 9701 — — 9701 — — 1.0
Turkey 5081 — — 5081 — — .5
France 2273 — — 2273 — — .2
All others 15436 1078 8369 5989 .6 2.1 .6
Total 1562800 193021 393516 976263 100.0 100.0 100.0


TABLE IX

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, 1881 TO 1910, BY YEAR AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH YEARToT

Year Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881 3125 0.3
1882 10489 0.9
1883 6144 0.5
1884 7867 0.7
1885 10648 1.0
1886 14092 1.3
1887 23103 2.1
1888 20216 1.8
1889 18338 1.6
1890 20981 1.9
1891 43457 3.9
1892 64253 5.7
1893 25161 2.2
1894 20747 1.9
1895 16727 1.5
1896 20168 1.8
1897 13063 1.2
1898 14949 1.3
1899 24275 2.2
1900 37011 3.3
1901 37660 3.4
1902 37846 3.4
1903 47689 4.3
1904 77544 6.9
1905 92388 8.2
1906 125234 11.2
1907 114932 10.3
1908 71978 6.4
1909 39150 3.5
1910 59824 5.3
Total 1119059 100.0


TABLE X

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, 1887 to 1910, BY DECADE AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH DECADEToT

Decade Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881-1890 135003 12.1
1891-1900 279811 25.0
1901-1910 704245 62.9
Total 1119059 100.0


TABLE XI

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA AT THE PORT OF NEW YORK, JANUARY 1, 1891 TO DECEMBER 31, 1891, AND JANUARY 1, 1892 TO DECEMBER 31, 1892, BY MONTHToT

(From reports of United Hebrew Charities of New York City, 1891 and 1892)

Month Jewish immigrants
1891 1892
January 2179 3276
February 2185 3057
March 3150 2397
April 2714 1468
May 1225 1620
June 8667 4028
July 8253 5673
August 9109 4842
September 9422 1729
October 5255 416
November 3792 121
December 4310 198
Total 60261 28834


TABLE XII

TOTAL IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA AND JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, 1881 TO 1910, AND PERCENTAGE JEWISH OF TOTALToT

  Total immigrants Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881 5041 3125 Est.
1882 16918 10489  
1883 9909 6144 at
1884 12689 7867  
1885 17158 10648 62.0
1886 17800 14092 79.2
1887 30766 23103 75.1
1888 33487 20316 60.4
1889 33916 18338 54.1
1890

 35598

 20981

 58.9
1891 47426 43457 91.6
1892 81511 64253 78.8
1893 42310 25161 59.5
1894 39278 20747 52.8
1895 35907 16727 43.2
1896 51435 20168 39.2
1897 25816 13063 50.6
1898 29828 14949 50.1
1899 60982 24275 39.8
1900

 90787

 37011

 40.8
1901 85257 37660 44.2
1902 107347 37846 35.3
1903 136093 47689 35.0
1904 145141 77544 53.4
1905 184897 92388 50.0
1906 215665 125234 58.1
1907 258943 114932 44.4
1908 156711 71978 45.9
1909 120460 39150 32.5
1910 186792 59824 32.1
Total 2315868 1119059 48.3


TABLE XIII

TOTAL IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA AND JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, 1881 TO 1910, BY DECADE, AND PERCENTAGE JEWISH OF TOTALToT

Decade Total immigrants Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881-1890 213282 135003 63.3
1891-1900 505280 279811 55.4
1901-1910 1597306 704245 44.1
Total 2315868 1119059 48.3


TABLE XIV

IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES FROM THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1899 TO 1910, BY ANNUAL PERCENTAGE OF CONTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL PEOPLES[1]ToT

  Finnish German Jewish Lithuanian Polish Russian
1899 9.9 8.8 39.8 11.2 25.4 2.7
1900 13.8 5.9 40.8 11.3 25.4 1.3
1901 11.7 6.6 44.2 10.0 25.2 .8
1902 12.9 8.0 35.3 9.3 31.5 1.4
1903 13.8 7.7 35.0 10.6 29.1 2.6
1904 6.9 4.9 53.4 8.8 22.4 2.7
1905 9.0 3.6 50.0 9.5 25.5 1.8
1906 6.2 4.8 58.1 6.4 21.4 2.4
1907 5.5 5.2 44.4 9.6 28.2 6.2
1908 4.0 6.4 45.9 8.5 24.2 10.4
1909 9.3 6.5 32.5 12.1 31.4 7.6
1910 8.0 5.4 32.1 11.6 34.1 7.9
Total 8.5 5.8 43.8 9.6 27.0 4.4
[1] From Immigration Commission: Emigration Conditions in Europe, p. 338.


TABLE XV

RATE OF IMMIGRATION OF PEOPLES PREDOMINANT IN THE IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, 1899 TO 1910[1]ToT

People Population in Russia 1897 and in Finland 1900 combined Average annual immigration to U.S. from Russia and Finland 1899-1910 Ratio of immigration to population
Jewish 5082343[2] 63794 1 to 79
Finnish 2352990 12348 1 to 191
Polish 7865437 39282 1 to 200
German 1721387 8401 1 to 205
Lithuanian 3077436 14062 1 to 212
Swedish 349733 1135 1 to 308
Russian 75434753 6530 1 to 11552
[1] Ibid., p. 339.
[2] The figure for the Jewish population in Russia as given in Emigration Conditions in Europe, p. 339, is incorrect. See Goldberg, Jüdische Statistik, pages 266 and 270.


TABLE XVI

RATE OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA, PER 10000 OF JEWISH POPULATION, 1899 TO 1910ToT

Year Ratio of immigration
1899 47
1900 72
1901 74
1902 74
1903 93
1904 152
1905 181
1906 246
1907 226
1908 141
1909 77
1910 117
Total 125


TABLE XVII

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM ROUMANIA, 1881 TO 1910, BY DECADE AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH DECADEToT

Decade Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881-1890 6067 10.4
1891-1900 12789 19.1
1901-1910 47301 70.5
Total 67057 100.0


TABLE XVIII

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM ROUMANIA, 1881 TO 1910, BY YEAR AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH YEARToT

Year Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881 30 [1]
1882 65 .1
1883 77 .1
1884 238 .3
1885 803 1.2
1886 518 .8
1887 2063 3.1
1888 1653 2.5
1889 1058 1.6
1890

 462

 .7
1891 854 1.3
1892 740 1.1
1893 555 .8
1894 616 .9
1895 518 .8
1896 744 1.1
1897 516 .8
1898 720 1.1
1899 1343 2.0
1900

 6183

 9.2
1901 6827 10.2
1902 6589 9.8
1903 8562 12.8
1904 6446 9.6
1905 3854 5.7
1906 3872 5.8
1907 3605 5.4
1908 4455 6.6
1909 1390 2.1
1910 1701 2.5
Total 67057 100.0
[1] Below one-tenth per cent.


TABLE XIX

TOTAL IMMIGRATION FROM ROUMANIA AND JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM ROUMANIA, 1899 TO 1910, AND PERCENTAGE JEWISH OF TOTALToT

Year Total immigrants Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1899 1606 1343 83.6
1900 6459 6183 95.7
1901 7155 6827 95.4
1902 7196 6589 91.6
1903 9310 8562 91.9
1904 7087 6446 91.0
1905 4437 3854 86.8
1906 4476 3872 86.5
1907 4384 3605 82.2
1908 5228 4455 85.2
1909 1590 1390 87.4
1910 2145 1701 79.3
Total 61073 54827 89.8


TABLE XX

RATE OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM ROUMANIA, PER 10000 OF JEWISH POPULATION, 1899 TO 1910[1]ToT

  Year Ratio of immigration  
  1899 51  
  1900 238  
  1901 262  
  1902 253  
  1903 329  
  1904 246  
  1905 148  
  1906 149  
  1907 138  
  1908 171  
  1909 53  
  1910 65  
  Total 175  
[1] For Jewish population in Roumania cf. Ruppin, The Jews of To-Day, p. 39.


TABLE XXI

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 1881 TO 1910, BY DECADE AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH DECADEToT

Decade Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881-1890 44619 15.9
1891-1900 83720 29.8
1901-1910 152811 54.3
Total 281150 100.0


TABLE XXII

JEWISH IMMIGRATION FROM AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 1881 TO 1910, BY YEAR, AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ARRIVING EACH YEARToT

Year Jewish immigrants Per cent of total
1881 2537 .9
1882 2648 .9
1883 2510 .9
1884 3340 1.2
1885 3938 1.4
1886 5326 1.9
1887 6898 2.4
1888 5985 2.1
1889 4998 1.8
1890

 6439

 2.3
1891 5890 2.1
1892 8643 3.1
1893 6363 2.3
1894 5916 2.1
1895 6047 2.2
1896 9831 3.5
1897 5672 2.0
1898 7367 2.6
1899 11071 3.9
1900

 16920

 6.0
1901 13006 4.6
1902 12848 4.6
1903 18759 6.7
1904 20211 7.2
1905 17352 6.2
1906 14884 5.3
1907 18885 6.7
1908 15293 5.4
1909 8431 3.0
1910 13142 4.7
Total 281150 100.0