Sismondi devotes a part of the thirteenth volume of his History of France, published between 1821 and 1844, to the Maid of Orleans. He sums up the action of the Church to her in these words: 'The Church was against the Maid. All persons not delegated by her who pretended to have supernatural powers were accused of using magical arts.'
Barante in his famous history of the Dukes of Burgundy, published in 1824, gives a somewhat meagre and uninteresting account of Joan of Arc. In 1821 appeared a Life of the heroine, by Jollois, under whose direction the little monument was placed at Domremy in honour of the Maid.
Alexandre Dumas has left among his numberless works a Life of Johanne la Pucelle, which is neither true history nor romance, but a jumble of both, and is a work hardly worthy the author, but there are some fine expressions in the book. Dumas christened Joan of Arc 'The Christ of France.' Michelet in the fifth volume of his Histoire de France published in 1841, has written what will probably always be considered the best account of the Maid. Although only one hundred and thirty pages are given to her life, these pages form a book in themselves, and as a separate volume Michelet's Life of Joan of Arc has gone through a large number of editions, the latest a handsome illustrated one, published by Hachette in 1888.
One cannot help regretting that so great a writer should allow his Anglophobism to appear to such an extent in some of the pages of his work. Michelet attacks the entire English nation as if they had been individually and collectively guilty of Joan of Arc's death. He even goes out of his way to abuse English literature in this amazing passage: 'De Shakespeare à Milton, de Milton à Byron leur belle et simple littérature est sceptique, judaïque, satanique.' It is pitiable that so distinguished a writer as was Michelet should pen such rubbish, but when a Frenchman writes on the subject of Joan of Arc much should be forgiven him. More serious than the abuse of the English in Michelet's work are the inaccuracies in his account of Joan of Arc. For instance, he writes of the heroine watching the English coast from her prison in the castle of Crotoy. Her eyesight must have been telescopic had she been able to do so, for eighty miles of sea stretch between the site of Crotoy and the English coast.
We next come to Henry Martin's history of France. In this work a third part of the sixth volume is consecrated to Joan of Arc, whom he calls the 'Messiah of France.'
M. Wallon, however, is the writer who has given France the most complete biography of her heroine. This work, published by Hachette, had in 1879 attained its fifth edition. A most sumptuously illustrated edition appeared in 1876, one of those splendidly illustrated books in which the French press has no rival. That book is the finest monument which has appeared to honour the memory of the Maid of Orleans. Its illustrations contain views of all places and memorials connected with the heroine from the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. The text of Wallon's Life is, however, wanting in charm, and it is, as M. Veuillot writes of it, 'un livre sérieuse et solide.' Sainte-Beuve has been still more severe in his judgment on Wallon's book, which he calls 'la faiblesse même.'
Some slighter histories may be alluded to: one by Lamartine, unworthy of the author and the subject; another by M. Abel Desjardins; a third by Villaume; a fourth by M. Lafontaine. There is an interesting study by Simon Luce on Joan of Arc's early years; and last, but certainly not least, the three works by M. Joseph Fabre, relating to Joan of Arc's life, her trial, her condemnation, and her rehabilitation. In the two last works the whole of the long examination appears for the first time, translated into French from the Latin—documents invaluable to any one studying the heroine's life.
In England little has been written in prose relating to Joan of Arc that will be likely to live. The early chroniclers were monstrously unjust to her. It is enough to allude to the lying and scurrilous abuse which such writers as Robert Fabyan, in his chronicles on the history of England and of France, published in 1516, heaped upon Joan of Arc. Hall's and Holinshed's chronicles, from which the author of the First Part of King Henry VI. borrowed so largely, sinned as deeply. Hall's authorities among French writers were Monstrelet, Bouchet, Mayer, Argentan, Gile Corozet, and the annals of France and Aquitaine—and of English writers, Fabyan, Caxton, John Harding, Sir Thomas More, Basset, Balantyne, and the Chronicle of London.
The annalist Stow, Hume's 'honest historian,' is less unjust and bitter in his account of Joan of Arc than are Hall and Holinshed. Thomas Fuller appears not to have settled to his satisfaction whether Joan of Arc was a witch or a heroine.
In the seventeenth century we have only a handful of poor writers who have treated more or less badly of the Maid, such as Daniel, Martyn, and Sir Richard Baker. It is not until well into the eighteenth century that a man of letters appears capable of giving an unprejudiced and true history of the life of Joan of Arc: this historian is Guthrie, who published, between the years 1744 and 1751, a long history of England. M. Darmesteter has named this author 'a village Bossuet.'
Coming to our own days we have quite a crowd of writers who have written with enthusiasm on the Maid of Domremy. It is sufficient to name the most prominent of these—Landor, Sir James Mackintosh, John Sterling, Lord Mahon, De Quincey, and J.R. Green.
No. II.ToC
JOAN OF ARC IN POETRY.
The Maid of Orleans (though a more poetical figure cannot be found in all history) has not been more fortunate at the hands of the poets than at those of the historians.
To begin with her own countrywoman—for the first who sang of Joan of Arc was appropriately enough a fellow-countrywoman—Christine de Pisan.
As the name indicates, this poetess was an Italian by origin, but appears to have lived most of her life in France. The latter part she passed in a convent.
In the year 1429, Christine was sixty-seven years old; she had been living in some conventual establishment for eleven years. Her verses in praise of Joan of Arc—which number several hundred stanzas—were undoubtedly written in the heroine's life-time. They are supposed to have been the last lines she wrote. These stanzas were completed shortly after the coronation of Charles VII. A manuscript copy of this poem exists in which Joan of Arc is compared to Deborah, Judith, and Queen Esther. These poems are curious and quaint in their old French expressions, but they are quite unreadable for any but French students well versed in the literature of the fifteenth century.
In 1440, Martin le France, provost of the Cathedral of Lausanne, bestows some lines on Joan of Arc in his poem called the Champion des dames. In 1487, Martial de Paris published, under the title of Vigiles du roi Charles VII., a rhymed translation of Jean Chartrier's chronicle of that monarch.
Villon has left some charming lines in which he has placed the heroine's name as it were on a string of pearls; they occur in his exquisite ballad 'Dames du temps jadis,' and, as it would be profanation to try and translate, I give them here in the original:—
Qui chantait à voix de sirène,
Berthe au grand pied, Biétris, Allis,
Haremburge qui tint le Maine,
Et Jeanne la bonne Lorraine
Qu' Anglais brûlèrent à Rouen,
Où sont-ils, vierge souveraine?
Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?'
Long before those beautiful lines were written by Villon, a play called Le Mystère du Siège d'Orléans had been acted. As early as the year 1435 this performance appears to have taken place on the anniversary of the deliverance of the city, and the dramatic piece was probably acted on the return of that day for many a year after. This was one of the so-called 'Miracle Plays,' popular both in France and in England at that period. The author or authors of the play are not known.
Some one has taken the trouble to count the number of lines: they amount to 20,529, and are all in dialogue!
Whether the unfortunate audience had to sit all through this performance one does not know. One hopes, for their sake, that, like a Chinese play or a Bayreuth performance of Wagner's operas, the performance was extended over a number of days.
Joan is naturally the heroine throughout; she first appears as the bearer of the Divine mandate to drive the enemy from off the sacred soil of France. The play closes with her triumphant return to Orleans after the victory of Patay. As far as the mission is concerned the play is historically correct, and it is in this respect an improvement on Shakespeare and Schiller. There is a point of great interest concerning this piece which, so far as we know, has never been noticed—namely, the fact of one of its acts being almost identical with one in the First Part of King Henry VI. In the mystery play the scene of this act is laid before Orleans. The French are determined to defend their city to the last; the English are determined on taking it. We are in front of the besieged and the besiegers. Salisbury has entered the Tournelles, and he looks out over the city from a window in the tower. Glansdale ('Glassidas') stands beside him, and says to Salisbury, 'Look to your right, and to your left—it looks like a terrestrial paradise, all this country flowing with milk and honey; you will soon be its master.' Salisbury expresses his satisfaction at the sight of all the plunder at his feet, and gives vent to some very sanguinary sentiments about the French; he will slay every one in the place—all the men, 'et leurs femmes et leurs enfants. Personne je n'épargnerai.' But scarcely has he been able to give vent to this terrible threat when his head is carried off by a cannon ball fired from the town. The English cry out 'Ha! Hay! maudite journée!'
Earl Salisbury is carried out stiff and stark. Talbot and the other English officers now vow vengeance on the French in these words:—
Ta mort nous sera vendue chère,
Jamais un tel de ton paraige,
Ne se trouvera en frontière.'
If we turn to Scene 4 of the first act of Shakespeare's First Part of King Henry VI., we shall find almost the same scene enacted.
Enter on the turrets, Lord Salisbury, Talbot, etc. Salisbury, after welcoming Talbot, calls on Sir William Glansdale to look down into the town, and while conversing the shot is fired which kills Salisbury. After the death of Salisbury, Talbot vows vengeance on the French, and says he will
Play on the lute, beholding the towns burn.'
There can be little doubt that whoever wrote the First Part of King Henry VI. had seen the mystery play of the Siege of Orleans acted in that town. This brings one to the much debated question, 'Who wrote the First Part of King Henry VI.?'
There can be no doubt that Shakespeare had studied both Hall's and Holinshed's chronicles. The former styled Joan of Arc 'a monstrous woman,' and also suggested that fine passage beginning 'Why ring not the bells throughout the town?' We are of those who would wish to believe that our greatest poet had but little hand in delineating the French heroine of all time as she is described in Hall and in Holinshed, and to believe that he left the play—originally written, we think, by Greene—very much as he found it. It is not indeed till the fifth act, when Joan is represented as a magician, and when the grotesqueness of the author passes even the limits of burlesque, that we fail to see a shred of the poet's skill. Nothing in Shakespeare is at once so unpoetical as well as so untrue to history as the last scene, in which Joan repudiates her father. If it is by Shakespeare—which we cannot believe—it must have been one of the very earliest of his historical plays; and, with Ben Jonson, we could wish that the passages referring to the Maid of Orleans had been freely blotted.
The era of the Renaissance brought with it in France no poets to sing of Joan of Arc, and we only find—besides the mystery play of the Siege of Orleans—one literary work relating to her at this period; that is a five-act tragedy written by a Jesuit priest named Fronton du Duc, a gloomy piece, which was acted in 1580 at Pont-à-Mousson. In the beginning of the seventeenth century appeared another tragedy by a Norman squire named Virey: it was titled Jeanne d'Arques, dite la Pucelle d'Orléans. This very mellifluous production was published at Rouen in the year 1600.
Another tragedy on the same subject appeared in 1642, written by the Abbé d'Aubignac—a very pedantic play.
Next appears an 'heroic poem' by Chapelain, published in 1656, entitled La Pucelle. Great things had been expected of this poem, but it fell very flat after a long expectancy of thirty years when it at length saw the light. Chapelain's ridiculous poem gave the idea to Voltaire of his licentious one.
Even Voltaire was ashamed of his work, and long denied that he was its author. As a very slight reparation for his deed, he writes of Joan of Arc in his Essai sur les m[oe]urs et l'esprit des natives, that the heroine would have had altars built in the days when altars were erected by primitive men to their liberators.
Southey, referring to Voltaire's infamous production, said, 'I never committed the crime of reading Voltaire's Pucelle.'
After all, Voltaire did infinitely more harm to himself by writing his poem La Pucelle than he did to the memory of the Maid of Orleans, for it revealed to the world what an amount of depravity was mixed up within that wonderful shrewd mind, and how it weakened its genius. The great Revolution which swept so many shams away with its terrible breath, venerated, to its honour be it said, both the spirit of humanity displayed by the poet-philosopher and the spirit of patriotism that possessed the virgin heroine and martyr.
In 1795 appeared Southey's heroic play on Joan of Arc. That drama is more a glorification of the principles of the French Revolution than of Joan of Arc. There is no attempt made to follow out her history. The play contains a love episode due entirely to the youthful poet's imagination, but it contains fine passages as well, and seems to us to have merited more praise from posterity than it has received.
Schiller's play, like Southey's, sins grievously as far as historical truth is concerned. The German poet wishes, it seems, to remove the bad impression made by Voltaire's poem. The play was first performed on the stage at Weimar in 1801; and the Jungfrau von Orleans met with considerable success. It contains noble lines, but is historically a mere travesty of the life and death of the heroine.
In 1815 Casimir Delavigne wrote, as a counterblast to the double invasion that France had just undergone, his well known Messeniennes to the honour of the French heroine. These poems had a great success, the second being the most admired; but they are now forgotten. Two other dramatic poets followed in Delavigne's steps: these were d'Avrigni and Soumet. By the former appeared, in 1819, a tragedy in five acts and in verse; it was performed at the Théâtre Français. Soumet's play was also acted; it almost equals d'Avrigni's in length and tediousness.
Besides the above tragedies which had, as the French term it, the honour of seeing the light of the footlights, Desnoyers wrote a play on Joan of Arc in 1841, and was followed by a series of other writers in verse and in prose—Caze, Dumolard, Maurin, Cramar, Hédouville, Millot, Lequesme, Crepot, Puymaigre, Porchat, Haldy, Renard, Jouve, Cozic, Daniel Stern, Bousson de Maviet, Constant Materne. All the above wrote plays and tragedies on the subject of Joan of Arc between the years 1805 and 1862. Daniel Stern was the only authoress who composed a drama in honour of the heroine.
While all this galimatias of dramas has sunk into the limbo which waits for all such work, Villon's two lines remain as bright as the day on which, four centuries ago, he wrote them:—
Qu' Anglais brûlèrent à Rouen.'
Some plays on the subject of the Maid of Orleans also appeared in Italy and in England, but none is likely to retain a long hold of the stage. The drama of Joan of Arc's life has inspired two of the greatest masters of music of our day. Verdi set a tragedy by Solera to music in 1845, and in 1869 Gounod wrote some music for a piece by Jules Barbier, which was performed with some success at the Gaîté Théâtre in Paris in 1873.
What will always remain an unfortunate fact in the history of modern literature is that the two greatest minds of England and France have written on the subject of the Maid of Orleans lines which—for their fame—it were well they had never written. Whether Shakespeare composed the First Part of King Henry VI. may for long remain a disputed point, but he is responsible for that play, and consequently for the manner in which Joan of Arc is treated in it. No genius can pardon or excuse the abuse and filth with which Voltaire bespatters the immortal memory of the glorious Maid of Orleans.
Voltaire's attack on Church and State had much to excuse them in his day; but that on Joan of Arc was entirely unwarranted, uncalled for, and unpardonable. Still, could Joan have known the offence and the offender, we have no doubt she would have forgiven the ribaldry and the ribald as freely as she forgave all her enemies.
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Mermet, A., 'Jeanne d'Arc. Opéra; livres et musique de M.A. Mermet, rep^te. à l'Opéra le 5 avril 1876.'
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—— 'Jeanne d'Arc, modèle des vertus chrétiennes.' 2 tomes. Lille, 1887. 8vo.
'L'Oracle de la Pucelle d'Orléans proposé au roy, le dimanche trezièsme de juillet, ou sont déduites les royales aventures de Sa Majesté.' Paris, 1614. 8vo.
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'Panégyrique de Jeanne d'Arc prononcé dans l'église St^e Croix d'Orléans le 8 mai 1672. Publié pour la première fois d'après le manuscrit de la Bibliothèque Nationale par H. Stein. Orléans, 1887. 8vo.
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—— 'Aperçus nouveaux sur l'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc.' Paris, 1850. 8vo.
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—— —— '2^e réponse à M. Lepage.' Paris, 1855. 8vo.
—— —— '3^e réponse à M. Lepage.' Paris, 1857. 8vo.
—— 'La mission de Jeanne d'Arc. Examen d'une opinion de J. Quicherat.' 1856. 8vo.
—— 'Souvenirs de Bassigny-Champenois. Jeanne d'Arc et Domremy. Société historique et archéologique de Langres.' Paris, 1857. 8vo.
Renard, C., 'Jeanne Darc n'a point été brûlée à Rouen. Ré-impression de trois écrits (par Vignier, de Vienne Plancy et S. Polluche) sur ce problème historique.' Rouen, 1872. 8vo.
Renzi, A., 'Jeanne d'Arc, sa mission et son martyre.' Paris (imp. à St. Germain-en-Laye), 1857. 8vo.
Rigaud, J., 'Atlas général des voyages et expéditions militaire de Jeanne d'Arc, avec une préface par P.L. d'Arc.'
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—— 'Recherches sur le procès de condamnation de Jeanne d'Arc' Rouen, 1869. 8vo.
Robville, —— de, 'Histoire de Jeanne d'Arc, suivie de Jeanne Hachette, ou l'héroïne de Beauvais.' Paris, 1870. 16mo.
Roux, Nicolas le, 'Cy commence le livre de la Pucelle, natifve de Lorraine, qui reduict France entre les mains du roy, ensêble le iugemêt et comme elle fust bruslée au Vieil-Marché de Rouen.' Rouen, 1590(?) 12mo.
Sainte-James, E. de (Marquis de Gaucourt), 'Des faits relatifs à Jeanne d'Arc et au sire de Gaucourt. Lettres à M.H. Martin, auteur d'une Histoire de France.' Paris, 1857. 12mo.
Sepet, M., 'Jeanne d'Arc.' Tours, 1885. 8vo.
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Thomas, A., 'Panégyrique de Jeanne d'Arc, prononcé dans la cathédrale d'Orléans le 8 mai 1864.' Orléans, 1864. 8vo.
'Trésor des pièces rares ou inédites.' Paris, 1885, etc. 8vo.
Trippault, L., 'Les faits, pourtraict et iugement de Jeanne d'Arc, dicte la Pucelle d'Orléans (avec le texte latin).' 1583. 12mo.
V., M. de, 'La Pucelle d'Orléans.' 1755. 12mo.
Vallet de Viriville, 'Procès de condamnation de Jeanne d'Arc traduit du latin et publié intégralement pour la première fois en français d'après les documents manuscrits et originaux.' Paris (Mesnil), 1867. 8vo.
—— 'Recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d'Arc' Firmin-Didot, Paris, 1854. 8vo.
—— 'Notices, notes et développements, annexe de la Chronique de Cousinot,' Jacob, Paris, 1857. 8vo. (V. 'Jacob,' p. 314 de la présente bibliographie.)
Vergnaud-Romagnesi, C.F., 'Examen philosophique et impartial des apparitions de la mission divine de Jeanne d'Arc.' Orléans, 1881. 8vo.
—— 'Fête de Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans. Précis sur la vie et les exploits de Jeanne d'Arc, ses portraits.' Orléans (imp. à Paris), 1855. 8vo.
—— 'Fête de la délivrance d'Orléans, dite fête de Jeanne Arc, 8 mai 1857.' Orléans, 1857. 8vo.
—— 'Histoire de la ville d'Orléans.' Orléans, 1830. 8vo.
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Voltaire, 'La Pucelle d'Orléans: poëme divisé en vingt chants, avec des notes.' Préface de 'Dom Apulejus Risorius' (c.-à.-d. Voltaire lui-même). Genève 1762, et Londres 1764. 8vo.
—— —— avec notes de 'M. de Morza' (c.-à.-d. Voltaire) Genève, 1773. 8vo.
—— —— Londres (Paris?), 1779-78. 24mo. (Le 2^e vol. porte l'année 1778 à la 1^e page.)
Wallon, H.A., 'Jeanne d'Arc.' Edition illustrée. Paris, 1883. 8vo.
Zeller et Luchaire (A.), 'Charles VII. et Jeanne d'Arc.' 1880. 16mo.
ENGLISH BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOAN OF ARC.
Bartlett, David W., 'The Life of Joan of Arc.' Auburn, New York, 1855. 12mo.
Blake, Robert, 'Joan of Arc.' A poem. London, 1876. 8vo.
Bray, Mrs., 'Life of Joan d'Arc.' London, 1874. 8vo.
Caddy, Mrs. Florence, 'Footsteps of Jeanne d'Arc: A Pilgrimage.' London, 1866. 8vo.
Charles, Mrs. E., 'Joan of Arc: A Story of the Fifteenth Century.' London, 1879. 8vo.
'Commines, Philip de, The Memoirs of.' 2 vols. London, 1855. 12mo.
Davenport-Adams, W.H., 'The Maid of Orleans.' London, 1889. 8vo.
Delepierre, Joseph Octave, 'Historical Difficulties and Contested Events.' London, 1868. 8vo.
Doran, John, 'Knights and their Days.' London, 1856. 8vo.
Fuller, Thomas, 'The Holy State and the Profane State.' London, 1840. 8vo. pp. 341.
Guizot, F.P.G., 'The History of France from the Earliest Times to the year 1789.' Translated by R. Black. London, 1870. 8vo.
Jameson, Mrs. A., 'Lives of Celebrated Sovereigns.' London, 1834. 12mo.
'Joan of Arc: The Story of a Noble Life.' Edinburgh, 1871. 12mo.
Maceroni, Cecilia, 'Illustrations from the History of the Maid of Orleans.' London, 1854. 8vo.
Owen, Emily, 'Heroines of History.' London, 1877. 8vo.
Parr, Harriet, 'The Life and Death of Jeanne d'Arc.' London, 1866. 8vo.
Parton, James, 'The People's Book of Biography.' New York, 1869. 8vo.
Pauli, Rheinhold, 'Pictures of Old England.' Translated by E.C. Otté. London, 1861. 8vo.
Quincey, T. de, 'Miscellaneous Essays: Joan of Arc.' London, 1865. 8vo.
Russell, Wm., 'Extraordinary Women.' London, 1857. 8vo.
R., C.L., 'The Story of Joan of Arc.' London, 1860. 16mo.
Southey, Robert, 'Joan of Arc; an epic Poem.' Bristol, &c., 1796. 4to.
Stanhope, P.H. (5th Earl), 'The Life of Joan of Arc.' London, 1853. 8vo.
Sterling, J., 'Essays and Tales,' vol. i. London, 1848. 8vo.
Stothart, A.E., 'Joan of Arc.' London, 1874. 8vo.
'The Wonderful Exploits of the Maid of Orleans.' Falkirk, 1815. 12mo.
Tuckey, Janet, 'Life of Joan of Arc.' London, 1880. 8vo.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES ON JOAN OF ARC.
Blackwood's Magazine, vol. xlvii. p. 284 (1841).
Dublin Review, vol. lx. p. 118 (1866).
Dublin University Magazine, vol. lxxxix. p. 417 (1876).
Encyclopædia Britannica, Article, 'Joan of Arc.'
Temple Bar, vol. xxi. p. 380 (1867).
Fortnightly Review, vol. vi. p. 632 (1866).
Harper's Magazine, vol. lxiii. p. 91 (1881).
INDEX
- Adam, De l'Isle, commander of the Burgundian soldiers in Paris, 107
- Albret, Sire d', assists Joan of Arc at the siege of Saint Pierre-le-Moutier, 115
- Alençon, Duke of, entrusted with the command of the expedition on the Loire, 73, 74;
- Alessée, John, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147
- Alnwick, William, Bishop of Norwich, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Anjou, Duke of, his sympathy with Joan of Arc, 30
- Anjou, René d', 111
- Arc, origin of the name, 4
- Arc, Isabeau d' (mother of Joan of Arc), her influence upon her daughter, 5;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 256
- Arc, Jacques d' (father of Joan of Arc), his social position, 4;
- his death, 255
- Arc, Joan of. See Joan of Arc
- Arc, John d' (brother of Joan of Arc), 37;
- Arc, Peter d' (brother of Joan of Arc), 37;
- Armagnac, Thibauld d', Sire de Thermes, 40;
- at the trial for the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 274
- Arnolin, Henri, priest, 260
- Arras, Bishop of, 106
- Arundel, Earl of, threatens the town of Compiègne, 122
- Aubert, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Aubignac, Abbé d', his tragedy on Joan of Arc, 306
- Auguy, Raoul, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147
- Aulon, John d', esquire of Joan of Arc, 37, 56, 57;
- Aunoy, Arnoult d', Celibat of the Monastery of Saint Urban-les-Joinville, 21
- Averdy, Clément de l', 292
- Avét, John de Saint, Bishop of Avranches, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 145
- Avrigni, D', dramatic poet, 308
- Aymeri, William, doctor of theology, 33
- Bailly, Nicolas, scrivener, 260
- Baker, Sir Richard, English writer, 300
- Bar, Count de, 3
- Barante, historian, 297
- Barbier, Robert, canon of Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147
- Barbier, Jean, King's Advocate, 224;
- at the trial for the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 263
- Barbier, Jules, 309
- Barrey, John, godfather of Joan of Arc, 258
- Basin, Thomas, Bishop of Lisieux, quoted for Joan of Arc's belief in the reality of her visions, 8
- Basset, John, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Baubribosc, William de, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147
- Baudricourt, Robert de, 9;
- Beaucharnys, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Beaucharnys, Petronillé, 274
- Beaucroix, Simon, at the trial for rehabilitation, 272
- Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester. See Winchester.
- Beaupère, John, canon at Besançon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 145;
- Bedford, Duke of, sends Fastolfe to Suffolk's assistance at Jargeau, 75;
- Bellarme, Martin, Dominican priest, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 143
- Bellier, William, bailiff of Troyes, 89
- Bellow, J., cited, 150
- Benel, Abbot of Courcelles, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Bergame, Philip de, Augustinian monk, 289
- Berwoit, John, attendant on Joan of Arc, 149, 157
- Bibliography of Joan of Arc: French, 311;
- English, 320
- Boissel, Guérold de, 225
- Bonart, Hervé, canon at Orleans, 274
- Bonnet, John, priest, 282
- Bonnet, Simon, Bishop of Senlis, 32
- Bordez, André, canon at Rouen, 274
- Boucher, Charlotte, bedfellow of Joan of Arc, at the trial for rehabilitation, 273
- Boucher, James, host of Joan of Arc in Orleans, 52
- Boucher, Mary le, 122
- Bouchier, Peter, priest, 282
- Boulogne, Count of, accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85
- Boussac, Marshal de (Saint-Sévère), 40, 47, 58, 75
- Boyleau, Joan, 273
- Brullot, John, canon at Rouen, assessor at trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Buchon, 291, 292
- Burgundy, Philip, Duke of, his trimming conduct after the coronation at Rheims, 102;
- comes to terms with Bedford, 114;
- intrigues to obtain possession of Compiègne, 121;
- hands over Joan of Arc to the English, 137
- Cabu, Gentien, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Cagny, Perceval de, cited, 66
- Calixtus III., Pope, sanctions the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 254
- Canelier, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Castiglione, Zanon de, Bishop of Lisieux, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 145, 213
- Cauchon, Peter, Bishop of Beauvais, 106;
- his early career, 131;
- offered preferment by Winchester, 132;
- ransoms Joan of Arc for the English, 133;
- resolves that her trial shall take place in Rouen, 141;
- constitution of his tribunal, 143;
- his policy at the beginning of the trial, 150, 151;
- his opening speech, 153;
- his examination of the Maid, 154 et seq.;
- fails to attach guilt to her in the public trial, 187;
- subjects her to a secret examination in prison, 188;
- contents of his letter of indictment to the University of Paris, 208;
- tries to extort her submission in illness, 215;
- decides to put her to the torture, 221;
- commended for his zealous conduct, 226;
- seeks to effect her abjuration, 227;
- absolves her from excommunication, 235;
- interviews her in prison, 238;
- hands her over to the secular powers, 248
- Caval, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 282
- Censurey, Peter de la, canon at Rouen, 274
- Chapelain, his 'heroic poem' on the Maid, 306
- Charles II., Duke of Lorraine, seeks an interview with Joan of Arc, 17
- Charles V. of France, 1
- Charles VI. of France, 1
- Charles the Dauphin (afterwards Charles VII.),
- protests against the dismemberment of France, 1;
- his wretched condition at the beginning of 1429, 23;
- interview with Joan of Arc at Chinon, 28;
- presents her with a suit of armour, 37;
- meets her after the delivery of Orleans, 70;
- sets out for Rheims, 83;
- is crowned there, 91;
- ennobles Joan, 98;
- vacillating conduct, 102;
- marches on Paris, 104;
- retreats to Gien, 114;
- takes measures for the rehabilitation of the Maid, 253;
- real object in doing so, 271
- Charles, Simon, Master of the Requests, 263
- Charlet, 292
- Charnettes, Lebrun les, historian, 292
- Charron, William le, burgher of Orleans, 272
- Chartres, Regnault de, Archbishop of Rheims, 32;
- Chartrier, William, Bishop of Paris, appointed a commissioner for the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 255
- Chatillon, Archdeacon of Evreux, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149;
- his sermon before Joan, 219
- Chauvigny, Seigneur de, accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85
- Chinon, the Castle of, 22
- Clermont, Count of, accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85, 111
- Coaraze, 40
- Colin, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Colin, John, priest, 262
- Colles, William, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 144, 151;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 279
- Columbel, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Compaing, Peter, canon at Orleans, 274
- Compiègne, the town of, 122
- Contes, Louis de, page of Joan, 37, 268
- Conti, De, Abbot of Sainte Catherine, Assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Coppequesne, Nicolas, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147, 224
- Cormeilles, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Coulant, 40
- Coulon, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Coulon, Guillemette de, 273
- Courcelles, Thomas de, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 145, 150, 202, 224, 235;
- nature of his evidence at the trial for rehabilitation, 275
- Cousinot, G., Chancellor of the Duke of Orleans, 291
- Crique, Peter de, Prior of Sigy, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Crotoy, Le, importance of, to the English in the fifteenth century, 139
- Crotoy, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Culan, Louis, Admiral de, accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85
- Cusquel, Peter, burgher of Rouen, 284
- Dacier, Abbot of Saint Corneille of Compiègne, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 222
- Daniel, English writer, 300
- Darmesteter, M., cited, 300
- Daron, Peter, attorney, 283
- Daval, William, priest, at the trial for rehabilitation, 281
- David, Jesuit priest, 291
- De Champcoux, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- De Commy, Cosmé, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Delachambre, William, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 278;
- Joan of Arc's doctor, ib.
- Delavigne, Casimir, his poems on Joan of Arc, 307
- Desjardins, Abel, biographer of Joan of Arc, 299
- Desnoyers, dramatist, 308
- Desprès, John, 257
- Domremy, birthplace of Joan of Arc, 3
- Du Bellay, French writer, cited, 285, 289
- Dubesert, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 282
- Duchemin, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Du Duc, Fronton, his tragedy on Joan of Arc, 306
- Du Fay, Geoffrey, knight, 261
- Dufresnoy, Abbé Longlet, his Life of Joan of Arc, 292
- Du Lys, Charles, descendant of the Arc family, 290
- Dumas, Alexandre, his Life of Joan of Arc, 297
- Dunois, Bastard of Orleans, commander of the French troops in Orleans, 36, 40;
- Durement, Abbot of Fécamp, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Edward III. of England, 1
- Emenyart, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149, 212
- Epinal, Gerardin d', village companion of Joan of Arc, 89, 258
- Epinal, Isabellette d', friend of Joan of Arc, 258
- Erard, William, canon of Beauvais, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149;
- Erault, John, 35
- Esbalny, Jacques l', burgher of Orleans, 273
- Estelin, Beatrix d', godmother of Joan of Arc, 258
- Estivet, John d', surnamed 'Bénédicité,' at trial of Joan of Arc, 143
- Estouteville, Cardinal d', 254
- Fabre, Joseph, historian, cited, 164, 258, 266, 284;
- his works on Joan of Arc, 299
- Fabyan, Robert, English writer, 299
- Farciaux, Robert de, canon, 274
- Fastolfe, Sir John, at the siege of Orleans, 43;
- Fauconbridge, clerk of the French Parliament, quoted, 68
- Fave, Jean, Master of Requests, 284
- Feuillet, Gerard, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 146
- Fèvre, Le, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149
- Fiexvet, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149
- Flavigny, William de, governor of Compiègne, 121, 123, 124;
- his supposed treachery towards Joan, 127
- Fontaine, John de la, at the trial of Joan of Arc, 143;
- Fournier, Jean, priest, testifies in favour of Joan of Arc, 16
- France, state of, in 1420, 1
- France, Martin le, 302
- Franquet d'Arras, English freebooter, captured by Joan of Arc, 120
- Fremiet, sculptor, 110
- Frique, Abbot of Bee, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Fuller, Thomas, 300
- Fumeux, Jean le, priest, testifies to the piety of Joan of Arc, 17;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 262
- Gargrave, Sir Thomas, mortally wounded in the attack on Orleans, 42
- Garin, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Garivel, Francis, at the trial for rehabilitation, 264
- Gastinel, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 224
- Gaucourt, Raoul de, Grand Master of the King's Household, 40;
- Gerard, Henriette, friend of Joan of Arc, 258
- Giresme, Nicolas de, knight of Rhodes, in the attack on the Tournelles, 64
- Glansdale, Sir William, succeeds Salisbury in the command of the English forces before Orleans, 42, 59;
- drowned in the Loire, 65
- Gloucester, Duke of, English Protector, 101
- Godart, Raoul, canon at Rouen, 274
- Godefroy, Denis, 291
- 'Godon,' the French sobriquet for the English, 61
- Gounod, 309
- Grasset, Peter, governor of La Charité, 116
- Graverent, John, Dominican priest and Grand Inquisitor of France, at the trial of Joan of Arc, 143
- Graville, De, 58
- Green, J.R., 300
- Greene, Robert, dramatist, 305
- Gris, John, English knight, personal attendant on Joan of Arc, 149, 157
- Grouchet, Richard de, priest, 282
- Guerdon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149
- Guesdon, Laurent, clerk and advocate to the lay court of Rouen, 284
- Guillemeth, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Guthrie, his Life of Joan of Arc, 300
- Haillon, French writer, 289
- Haiton, William, English priest, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 222, 224
- Hall, English historian, quoted, for the delivery of Orleans, 66, 299
- Harcourt, Christophe d', Bishop of Castres, confessor of Charles VII., 71
- Henry II. of England, 26
- Henry III. of England, his death at Chinon, 25
- Henry V. of England, his position in France in 1420, 1, 39
- Henry VI. of England, 100, 137
- Herrings, the battle of the, 44
- Hilaire, John, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Hire, La, 40;
- Holinshed, English writer, 299
- Hordal, John, descendant of the Arc family, 291
- Houppeville, Nicolas de, doctor of theology, 278
- Hue, Peter, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Illiers, Florent d', 53
- Ingres, his picture of Joan of Arc, 92
- Inquisition, the, resolve to prosecute Joan of Arc as a sorceress and idolatress, 130
- Jacquard, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Jacquier, native of Domremy, 261
- Jacquier, Guillot, 262
- Joan of Arc, her birth and parentage, 3;
- her amiable character, 5;
- devotion to religious duties, 6;
- first visions, 7;
- her belief in their reality, 8;
- interviews with Baudricourt, 11, 14;
- visits Duke Charles of Lorraine, 17;
- her popularity at Vaucouleurs, 18;
- her equipment, 19;
- sets out for Chinon, 20;
- opposed by La Tremoïlle, 24;
- arrival at Chinon, 25;
- interview with the King, 26;
- favourably impresses him, 29;
- trains herself in military exercises, 30;
- examined at Poitiers before the French Parliament, 32;
- her mission sanctioned, 36;
- prepares her standard, 37;
- arrives at Blois, 46;
- despatches a letter to the Duke of Bedford, 47;
- her interview with Dunois before Orleans, 51;
- enthusiastic entry into the city, 52;
- summons the English to surrender, 53;
- meets Dunois with the relieving forces, 55;
- her first engagement, 57;
- carries the Bastille des Augustins, 59;
- prophesies she will be wounded, 60;
- leads the attack on the Tournelles, 62;
- wounded, 63;
- rallies the wavering French, 64;
- compels the English to raise the siege, 65;
- returns to Chinon, 69;
- urges Charles VII. to go to Rheims, 70;
- leads the expedition on the Loire, 73;
- storms and takes Jargeau, 75;
- gains the battle of Patay, 80;
- sets out for Rheims with Charles, 84;
- the enforced halt before Troyes, 85;
- expresses her fear of treachery, 89;
- at the King's coronation in Rheims cathedral, 91;
- her military talents, 94;
- her humane conduct in war, 96;
- ennobled by Charles, 98;
- advises the latter to march on Paris, 101;
- writes to the Duke of Burgundy for assistance, 102;
- resolves to attempt to take Paris, 107;
- her impetuous onslaught, 109;
- again wounded, 110;
- deposits her armour and arms in the fane of Saint Denis, 113;
- assaults and captures the fortress of Saint Pierre-le-Moutier, 115;
- fails to take La Charité, 117;
- her simplicity and freedom from egotism, ib.;
- captures an English freebooter and his band at Lagny, 120;
- received with joy in Compiègne, 122;
- attacks the Burgundians at Margny, 124;
- driven back from Clairvoix, 124;
- taken prisoner, 125;
- removed to the castle of Beaulieu, in Picardy, 129;
- handed over to Peter Cauchon, 133;
- attempts to escape, 135, 136;
- delivered to the English, 138;
- taken to Rouen, 141;
- barbarously treated, 142;
- demands that her judges should be equally divided in nationality, 153;
- her answers to Cauchon and Beaupère, 154 sq.;
- secretly interrogated in prison, 188;
- continued maltreatment, 196;
- the twelve articles on which her condemnation was founded, 207;
- falls ill in prison, 214;
- again interrogated by Cauchon, 215;
- threatened with torture, 221;
- condemned by the University of Paris, 225;
- her abjuration, 228 sq.;
- discards her male attire, 236;
- roughly treated by her guard, ib.;
- her forgiving nature, 239;
- is apprised of her fate, 243;
- upbraids Cauchon, ib.;
- confesses and receives the sacrament, 244;
- pardons Loiseleur, 246;
- handed over to the secular powers, 248;
- implores pardon for her enemies, ib.;
- her martyrdom, 250;
- the trial for her rehabilitation, 253 sq.
- Jocab, Dominic, curate, 261
- Jolivet, Abbot of St. Michel's Mount, Normandy, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Jollois, historian, 297
- Jonqualt, Peter, burgher at Orleans, 273
- Jonson, Ben, cited for the authorship of the First Part of King Henry VI., 304
- Jouvenel des Ursins, John, Archbishop of Rheims, appointed commissioner for the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 255
- Joyart, Mengette, friend of Joan of Arc, 258
- Labbé, Abbot of Saint George de Bocherville, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Laclopssé, Bertrand, thatcher, 261
- Ladvenu, Martin, Dominican priest, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149;
- La Fontaine, biographer of Joan of Arc, 299
- Laiguise, John, Bishop of Troyes, offers to capitulate Troyes to King Charles VII., 88
- Lamartine, 299
- Landor, Walter Savage, 300
- Langart, John de, godfather of Joan of Arc, 258
- Laval, Count Guy de, cited, 73;
- accompanies the King to Rheims, 85
- Laxart, Durand, cousin of Joan of Arc, 11;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 261
- Lebourg, William, prior, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Le Cuin, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Ledoux, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 224
- Le France, Martin, French poet, 300
- Le Fèvre, Jean, bishop, at the trial for rehabilitation, 276
- Lemaître, Husson, coppersmith, 275
- Lemaître, John, Dominican prior, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 143, 157, 188, 224
- Lenozoles, John de, priest, 282
- Lepage, Bastien, his picture of Joan of Arc, 12
- Leroux, abbot of Jumièges, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Leroy, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Lessarmentrer, Mauger, chief torturer of Rouen, at the trial for rehabilitation, 282
- Ligny, John de, 128;
- Lisle, Lancelot de, at the siege of Orleans, 43
- Loheac, Seigneur de, accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85
- Lohier, John, threatened by Cauchon for his sympathy with Joan of Arc, 199
- Loiseleur, Nicolas, canon of Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 146;
- Lombard, Jean, professor of theology, 33
- Longueil, Richard de, Bishop of Coutances, appointed a commissioner for the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 255
- Luce, Simeon, cited, 14, 299
- Luillier, John, at the trial for rehabilitation, 272
- Luxembourg, John of, 106
- Luxembourg, Louis of, Bishop of Thérouanne, in command of the English soldiers in Paris, 107;
- Machot, Gerard, Bishop of Castres, 32
- Mackintosh, Sir James, 300
- Maçon, Robert de, 71
- Macquelonne, the Bishop of, 32
- Macy, historian, cited, 142
- Macy, Aimonde de, soldier, 283
- Mahon, Lord, 300
- Mailly, John de, Bishop of Noyon, assessor at trial of Joan of Arc, 144;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 276
- Manchon, William, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 144, 151, 157, 209;
- Mansier, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Marcel, John, 284
- 'Margette,' the, 24
- Marguerie, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 222, 224, 282
- Marie, Thomas, priest, 282
- Marin, Captain, cited, 112, 127
- Martigny, Louis de, 216
- Martin, Henry, historian, 298
- Martyn, English writer, 300
- Masle, Du, Abbot of Saint Ouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Masnier, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Massieu, John, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 144, 151, 153;
- Maurice, Peter, 243
- Metz, Jean de, becomes acquainted with Joan of Arc, 14;
- Mézarie, historian, 291
- Michelet, cited, 3, 82, 121, 131, 187, 199, 236, 238, 291;
- his Life of Joan of Arc, 297
- Midi, Nicolas, D.D., assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 146;
- his sermon on the eve of Joan's death, 246
- Migiet, Peter, Prior of Longueville, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148;
- at trial for rehabilitation, 277
- Milet, Peter, 274
- Moen, John, of Domremy, 261
- Monsteschère, John de, master gunner at the siege of Orleans, 43
- Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, cited, 46, 129;
- the most eminent writer against Joan of Arc, 289
- Montaigne, cited, 12
- Montgomery, commands the English forces before Compiègne, 123
- Montjeu, Philibert de, Bishop of Coutances, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 145
- Moreaux, John, burgher of Rouen, 284
- Morel, Aubert, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148, 222, 224
- Morel, John, village companion of Joan of Arc, 89
- Morel de Greux, John, godfather of Joan of Arc, 258
- Morellet, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Moret, Abbot of Préaux, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Morice, Peter, canon at Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 146, 226
- Mystery play, the French, on Joan of Arc, 301
- Nicolas V., Pope, opposed to the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 254
- Orleans, the siege of, begun by the English, 13;
- Ourche, Albert d', knight, 261
- Paris, Martial de, French poet, 301
- Paris, University of. See University
- Parliament, French, at Poitiers, 31;
- Pasquerel, Jean, cited, 27, 37;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 268
- Pasquier, Stephen, French jurisconsult, 290
- Patay, the battle of, 80
- Perrin le Drassier, bell-ringer of Domremy, 260
- Petitot, 291, 292
- Pierre, Isambard de la, Dominican priest, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149, 151;
- Pinchon, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Pisan, Christine de, poetess, 301
- Poitiers, the Great Hall of, 31;
- the Bishop of, 32
- Pole, John de la, at the siege of Orleans, 43
- Pole, William de la. See Suffolk
- Postel, William, French writer, 290
- Postian, William, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Pougoulat, 292
- Poulangy, Bertrand de, 11;
- Prévosteau, advocate, at the trial for rehabilitation, 256
- Quicherat, historian, cited, 24, 55, 291;
- his literary labours, 292
- Quincey, De, 300
- Rabelais, connection with Chinon, 25
- Rabuteau, Maître Jean, Parliamentary Advocate-General, 32
- Radley, English officer, 107
- Raimond, page of Joan, 37
- Rainguesson, John, godfather of Joan of Arc, 258
- Rais, Seigneur de, 47, 75;
- accompanies Charles VII. to Rheims, 85
- Regnault, William, captures the Earl of Suffolk at Jargeau, 77
- Rheims, coronation of Charles VII. at, 91
- Rheims, the Archbishop of. See Chartres, Regnault de
- Richard, Father, his interview with Joan of Arc, 86
- Richarville, Guillaume de, 274
- Richemont, Constable de, joins the army of the Loire, 78
- Richer, Edmond, doctor of theology, 291
- Rochelle, Catherine de la, her deceit exposed by Joan of Arc, 118
- Roger, Denis, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Roquier, John, priest, 282
- Rotslaer, Sire de, cited, 60
- Rouillart, William, burgher of Orleans, 272
- Roussel, 224
- Rouvray, the Battle of the Herrings near, 44
- Royer, Henry and Joan le, 261
- Sainte-Beuve, cited, 2;
- on Wallon's biography of Joan of Arc, 298
- Saint-Mesmin, Aignan de, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Saint-Prix, Berriat, historian, 293;
- his itinerary of the last three years of the life of Joan of Arc, ib.
- Saint-Sévère, Marshal. See Boussac.
- Salisbury, commands the English forces before Orleans, 40;
- mortally wounded, 42
- Saulx, canon, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Savoy, Duke of, 106
- Scales, Lord, at siege of Orleans, 42
- Schiller, his Jungfrau von Orleans, 307
- Sequier, Dominican monk, 32;
- Shakespeare and the character of Joan of Arc, 301, 309
- Sionne, Etienne de, curate, 260
- Sismondi, historian, 296
- Solera, 309
- Sorel, Agnes, 52
- Soumet, dramatic poet, 308
- Southey, cited, 306;
- his heroic poem on Joan of Arc, 307
- Stafford, Lord, visits Joan of Arc in prison, 142
- Sterling, John, 300
- Stern, Daniel, French authoress, 308
- Stow, historian, 299
- Stuart, John, Constable of Scotland, killed at the battle of the Herrings, 45
- Stuart, William, brother of the Constable of Scotland, killed at the battle of the Herrings, 45
- Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, commands the English forces before Orleans, 43;
- Talbot, Lord, at the siege of Orleans, 42;
- Talbot, William, attendant on Joan of Arc, 149, 157
- Taquel, Nicolas, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 144;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 280
- Thépelin de Viteau, Jeannette, god-mother of Joan of Arc, 258
- Theroude, Abbot of Mortemer, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Thevenin le Royer, of Domremy, 261
- Théverien, Jeannette, godmother of Joan of Arc, 258
- Thibault, Gobert, 32, 264
- Thierry, Reginald, court physician, 274
- Thou, James de, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Tilloy, Jamet de, French knight, 36
- Tiphanie, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 149, 278
- Touraine, James de, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 146
- Toutmouillé, John, apprises Joan of Arc of her fate, 243;
- at the trial for rehabilitation, 281
- Tremoïlle, George de la, minister of Charles VII., 23;
- Troyes, the treaty of (1420), 1
- Troyes, John de, senior of the Faculty of Theology in the University of Paris, 224
- University of Paris, aid in the prosecution of Joan of Arc, 130;
- constitution of the, 134;
- recommend the removal of Joan to Paris, 140;
- their decision regarding her guilt, 224
- Vaillant, Peter, burgher of Orleans, 273
- Vaux, Pasquier de, canon, one of the tribunal on the trial of Joan of Arc, 148
- Venderès, Nicolas de, canon of Rouen, assessor at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147, 222, 225
- Vendôme, Comte de, Chamberlain to Charles VII., 27, 75;
- accompanies the King to Rheims, 85
- Verdi, 307
- Vernon, Raoul Roussel de, reporter at the trial of Joan of Arc, 147
- Versailles, Pierre de, 35
- Veuillot, on Wallon's Life of Joan of Arc, 298
- Viennne, Colet de, escorts Joan of Arc to Chinon, 19
- Villars, French knight, 36
- Villaume, biographer of Joan of Arc, 299
- Villon, François, his lines on Joan of Arc, 302, 308
- Viole, Aignan, advocate, 274
- Virey, his tragedy on Joan of Arc, 306
- Virgile, Polydore, French writer, 290
- Viriville, Vallet de, 291
- Volant, John, burgher of Orleans, 272
- Voltaire, cited, 285;
- Wallon, historian, cited, 46, 126, 210, 211, 227, 297
- Wandome, the Bastard of, 128
- Warwick, Earl of, visits Joan of Arc in prison, 142;
- Waterin, playmate of Joan of Arc, 259
- Waverin, English officer, cited for the English loss at the battle of Patay, 80
- Winchester, Henry Beaufort, Bishop of, arrives in Paris with his army, 101;
- retains Peter Cauchon to prosecute Joan of Arc, 132;
- his scheme for this purpose, 137;
- at the abjuration of Joan, 229;
- weeps over her fate, 248
- Xaintrailles, 40, 47;