Transcriber’s Note

The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is placed in the public domain.

Sidenotes showing the year have been moved to the start of paragraphs, and kept only when they change. For some long paragraphs a range of dates is shown.

Other sidenotes give the actual date of an event. These have been moved next to the description of the date, and are shown in parentheses, e.g. {30 May}, or show a change of year. Others, which merely repeat a date, have been removed.

Other sidenotes either give the actual date of an event, or show a change of year.

Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of chapters.

All references to footnote numbers (i.e. page and note number) have been changed to the footnote numbers used here.

Some formatting and punctuation in citations, sidenotes and the index have been standardized.

Variant spelling, inconsistent hyphenation and inconsistent spelling of people’s names are retained, however a few palpable printing errors have been corrected.

The errata list is in the note at the end of the book.

Throughout this book the abbreviation ib. is used to refer to the same work as the previous reference, and l.c. is used when the reference is to the same place in the referenced work (or ll.cc. where the reference is to more than one place). Each has been linked to the citation to which it refers.