Lichens

INDEX

Abrothallus De Not., 267
A. Cetrariae Kotte, 264
A. oxysporus Tul., 263
A. Peyritschii Kotte, 264
A. Smithii Tul., 263
Acanthothecium Wain., 322
Acarinae, 271, 397
Acarospora Massal., 183, 331, 390
A. chlorophana Massal., 374, 375, 390
A. glaucocarpa Koerb., 176
A. Heppii Koerb., 377
A. pruinosa (Sm.), 377
A. smaragdula Massal., 388, 393
A. xanthophana (Nyl.), 242
Acarosporaceae, 310, 331
Acarus, 395
Acharius, 1, 10, 123, 126, 133, 141, 149, 156, 185, 192, 304
Acolium, S. F. Gray, 277
Acrocordia gemmata Koerb., 152 (Fig. 90 B)
Acroscyphus, Lév., 320
A. sphaerophoroides Lév., 289
Actinoplaca Müll.-Arg., 327
Acton, xix, 57
Adanson, 9
Aesculus, 253
Agardh, C. A., xx, 21
Agyrium flavescens Rehm, 266
Aigret, 125, 371, 384
Alectoria Ach., 85, 94, 101, 103, 200, 257, 300, 340, 346, 350, 352
A. implexa Nyl., 227
A. jubata Ach., 3, 111, 401, 411
A. nigricans Nyl., 346, 389
A. ochroleuca Ach., 227, 389
A. thrausta Ach., 105 (Fig. 60)
Alectoriaceae, 339
Allarthonia Nyl., 321
Allarthothelium Wain., 321
Allescher, 201
Almquist, 262
Ambergris, 419
Amoreux, 10, 407, 415, 418, 420
Amphidium Nyl., 335
Amphiloma Koerb., 325
Anabæna Bory, 41
Anaptychia Koerb., 341 (see Physcia)
Anapyrenium Müll.-Arg., 315
Anema Nyl., 333, 373
Angiocarpeae, 156
Anthoceros L., 41
Anthracothecium Massal., 316, 350
Anzia Stiz., 90, 299, 339
A. colpodes Stiz., 90
A. japonica Müll.-Arg., 90
Archer, 28
Arctomia Th. Fr., 334
Argopsis Th. Fr., 105, 135, 297, 330
Arnold, 18, 261, 342, 343, 364, 368, 370, 407
Arnoldia minutula Born., 190 (Fig. 108)
Arnott, Walker, 15
Artari, 39, 42
Arthonia Ach., 158, 203, 278, 305, 321, 343, 361
A. astroidea Ach., 202
A. cinnabarina Wallr. (see A. gregaria), 349
A. dispersa Nyl., 365
A. gregaria Koerb., 247, 248
A. lecideella Nyl., 365
A. pruinosa Ach., 145
A. radiata Ach., 78, 365
A. subvarians Nyl., 262
Arthoniaceae, 59, 278, 309, 321
Arthoniopsis Müll.-Arg., 321
Arthopyrenia Massal., 30, 316
A. fallax Arn., 365
A. halizoa A. L. Sm., 383
A. halodytes Oliv., 383
A. leptotera A. L. Sm., 383
A. macrospora Fink, 365
A. marina A. L. Sm., 383
A. punctiformis Arn., 346, 365
A. quinqueseptata Fink, 365
Arthotheliopsis Wain., 327
Arthothelium Massal., 321
Ascolichens, 272, 273, 281, 308, 311
Ascomycetes xix, 178 et passim
Ascophanus carneus Boud., 180
Aspergillus Micheli, 220
Aspicilia Massal., 133, 136, 140 (see Lecanora)
A. atroviolacea (Flot.) Hue, 158
A. flavida (Hepp), 248
Aspidoferae, 9
Aspidopyrenium Wain., 314
Aspidothelium Wain., 314
Asteristion Leight., 337
Asteroporum Müll.-Arg., 316
Asterothyrium Müll.-Arg., 327
Astrotheliaceae, 309, 317, 352
Astrothelium Trev., 317
Athalami, 305
Aulaxina Fée, 322
Azolla Laur., 41
Babikoff, 138
Babington, 18, 350
Bachmann, E., 35, 75, 76, 215, 216, 235, 247, 347, 393
Bachmann, Freda, 162, 179, 181, 186
Bacidia, De Not., 329
B. acclinis (Flot.), 248
B. Beckhausii Koerb., 262
B. flavovirescens Anzi, 280
B. fuscorubella Arn., 249, 365
B. inundata Koerb., 372, 373, 377, 391, 392
B. muscorum Mudd, 248, 368, 370, 377
B. rubella Massal., 365
Bacotia sepium, 399
Baeomyces Pers., 123, 293, 294, 330
B. paeminosus Krempelh., 55
B. placophyllus Ach., 293, 368
B. roseus Pers., 123, 167, 195, 218, 247, 362, 367, 368, 369
B. rufus, DC., 123, 167, 177, 218, 237, 240, 362, 368, 369
Baranetzky, 24
Bary, de, 24, 31, 187, 209, 213
Bauhin, J., 419
Bauhin, K., 3
Baur, 51, 115, 118, 124, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 185, 255
Beckmann, 230, 257
Beechey, 15
Beetle-mites, 397
Beijerinck, 39, 220
Beilstein, 211
Belonia Koerb., 316
Berg, 211
Berkeley, 252, 404
Berzelius, 210
Betula nana L., 95
Bialosuknia, 57
Biatora Koerb., 158, 279, 293 (see also Lecidea), 391
Biatorella Th. Fr., 331
B. cinerea Th. Fr., 375
B. pruinosa Mudd, 217 (Fig. 119)
B. resinae Th. Fr., 355
B. simplex Br. and Rostr., 217 (Fig. 118)
B. testudinea Massal., 375
Biatorina Massal., 245, 291
B. Bouteillei Arn., 363
B. chalybeia Mudd, 386
B. coeruleonigricans A. L. Sm., 367
B. globulosa Koerb., 378
B. lenticularis Koerb., 383
B. prasina Syd., 33, 61
B. (denigrata) synothea Koerb., 33, 204
Bilimbia, aromatica Jatta, 349
B. incana A. L. Sm., 343
B. microcarpa Th. Fr., 262
B. obscurata Th. Fr., 262
B. sabulosa Massal., 370
B. sphaeroides Koerb., 385
Bioret, 320
Birger, see Nilson
Bitter, 64, 79, 94, 97, 131, 140, 143, 147, 148, 149, 151, 176, 240, 242, 253, 257, 261, 267, 337, 397
Blackman, 206
Blackman and Welsford, 179
Blastenia Th. Fr., 340
Blastodesmia Massal., 316
Bohler, 415
Bombyliospora De Not., 329
Bonnier, 29, 36, 47, 65, 189, 232, 253
Bornet, 27, 28, 32, 36, 61, 78, 136, 189
Borrer, 12, 14
Borrera, see Physcia
Borzi, 28, 161, 164
Botrydina vulgaris Bréb., xix, 57
Botrydium pyriforme Kütz., 45
Bottaria Massal., 317
Bouilhac, 42, 140
Braconnot, 214
Brandt, 103, 130
Braun, Fr., 354
Braun, L., 393
Brefeld, 189, 207
Brez, 395
Brooks, F. T., 64, 179
Brown, E. W., 402
Brown, W. H., 168
Bryopogon, see Oropogon
Bryum L., 392
Buchet, 90
Buddle, 4
Buellia, De Not., 263, 280, 291, 302, 308, 341, 347
B. aethalea Th. Fr., 261
B. atrata Mudd, 245, 375
B. canescens De Not., 80, 366, 377, 380, 399
B. colludens Tuck., 382, 386
B. coracina Koerb., 375
B. discolor Koerb., 388
B. leptocline Koerb., 374
B. myriocarpa Mudd, 50, 346, 366, 369
B. parasema Th. Fr., 365, 367, 377
B. Parmeliarum Oliv., 263
B. punctiformis, 50, 202, 207 (Fig. 118)
B. ryssolea A. L. Sm., 380, 382 (Fig. 125)
B. stellulata Mudd, 382, 388
B. triphragmia Th. Fr., 390
B. turgescens Tuck., 367
B. verruculosa Mudd, 261
Buelliaceae, 311, 341
Buxbaum, 6, 10
Buxus sempervirens L., 353
Cactus, 325, 353
Calenia Müll.-Arg., 338
Caliciaceae, 62, 115, 175, 189, 244, 288, 309, 319, 353, 366
Calicium De Not., 184, 201, 277, 319, 361
C. arenarium Nyl., 376
C. corynellum Ach., 376
C. hyperellum Ach., 349, 365
C. parietinum Ach., 202, 367
C. trachelinum Ach., 196, 202, 204
Calkins, 348, 403
Callopisma, see Placodium
Calluna Salisb., 95, 355
Caloplaca Th. Fr. (see Placodium), 340
C. aurantia, var. callopisma Stein., 190
C. gilvella (Nyl.), 276
C. interveniens Müll.-Arg., 276
C. pyracea Th. Fr., 34, 388
Caloplacaceae, 311, 340
Calothricopsis Wain., 333
Calycidium Stirt., 289, 320
C. cuneatum Stirt., 350
Camellia L., 269
Camerarius, 1
Camillea Fr., 276
Campylidium, 191
Campylothelium Müll.-Arg., 317
Candelaria Massal., 339
C. concolor Wain., 365, 388, 399
Candelariella Müll.-Arg., 338
C. cerinella A. Zahlbr., 390
C. vitellina Müll.-Arg., 233, 237, 369, 377, 393, 417
Capnodium Mont., 179
Carpinus Tournef., 240
Carrington, 12
Carroll, 19
Cassini, 21
Catillaria Th. Fr. (see Biatorina), 329
C. Hochstetteri Koerb., 375
Celidiaceae, 265
Cellidium stictarum Tul., 267
Cenomyce Th. Fr., 295
Cephaleuros Kunze (see Mycoidea), 59, 288
Cephaloidei, 303
Cepteus ocellatus, 397
Cerania S. F. Gray, 340
C. vermicularis S. F. Gray, 194, 387
Cetraria Ach., 84, 94, 200, 210, 213, 225, 241, 264, 299, 346, 350, 357, 358, 370, 388, 399
C. aculeata Fr., 211, 241, 262, 299, 300, 355, 369, 384, 385, 386, 387
C. caperata Wain., 264
C. crispa Lamy, 387, 388
C. cucullata Ach., 201, 244, 389
C. diffusa A. L. Sm., 366
C. glauca Ach., 201, 231, 259, 264, 347, 388, 418
C. islandica Ach., 2, 94, 128, 195 (Fig. 112), 210, 212, 221, 227, 231, 241, 338, 355, 387, 401 (Fig. 128), 406, 408, 409, 411, 416
C. juniperina Ach., 201, 246, 416
C. Laureri Kremp., 364
C. nivalis Ach., 201, 210, 389
C. pinastri S. F. Gray, 145, 246, 410
C. tristis, see Parmelia
Chaenotheca Th. Fr., 201, 319
C. chrysocephala Th. Fr., 265, 277, 288
Chalice-Moss, 3
Chambers, 43
Chasmariae, 295
Chevalier, 13
Chiodecton Müll.-Arg., 276, 320, 323, 351, 364
Chiodectonaceae, 59, 278, 309, 323
Chlorella Beij., 56
Ch. Cladoniae Chod., 56
Ch. faginea Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)
Ch. lichina Chod., 56
Ch. miniata Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)
Ch. viscosa Chod., 56
Ch. vulgaris Beyer., 42, 56
Chlorococcus (?Chlorococcum Fr.), 24
Chlorophyceae, xix, 51, 55-60, 61, 272, 324
Chodat, 28, 30, 43, 44, 55, 115, 329
Chroococcaceae, 25
Chroococcus Naeg., 24, 52, 82, 136, 153, 284, 311, 332, 373
Ch. giganteus West, 52 (Fig. 16)
Ch. Schizodermaticus West, 52 (Fig. 16)
Ch. turgidus Naeg., 52 (Fig. 16), 136
Chroolepus Ag., see Trentepohlia
C. ebeneus Ag., 22
Chrysothricaceae, 57, 310, 325
Chrysothrix Mont., 325, 353
C. noli tangere Mont., 325
Church, A. Henry, 421
Church, A. Herbert, 402
Cicinnobolus Ehrenb., 261
Cinchona L., 364
C. cordaminea Humb., 364
C. cordifolia Mutis, 364
C. oblongifolia Mutis, 364
Claassen, 34
Cladina Leight., 112, 122, 253, 292
Cladonia Hill, 9, 13, 23, 38, 44, 55, 56, 80, 81, 95, 104, 106, 172, 213, 237, 241, 242, 257, 262, 329, 344, 346, 347, 355, 358, 372, 375, 385, 391, 399, 408
Cl. agariciformis Wulf., 368
Cl. aggregata Ach., 120
Cl. alcicornis Floerk., 385, 386
Cl. alpestris Rabenh., 125, 211, 349, 369
Cl. alpicola Wain., 122
Cl. amaurocrea Schaer., 118
Cl. bellidiflora Schaer., 119
Cl. botrytes Willd., 173
Cl. caespiticia Floerk., 115, 124, 294, 296
Cl. cariosa Spreng., 113, 120, 295, 296, 368
Cl. cartilaginea Müll.-Arg., 122
Cl. ceratophylla Spreng., 122
Cl. cervicornis Schaer., 113, 120, 122, 243, 384, 387
Cl. coccifera Willd., 113, 118, 368, 369, 370, 387
Cl. cristatella Tuck., 367, 369
Cl. decorticata Spreng., 172 (Fig. 98)
Cl. deformis Hoffm., 226
Cl. degenerans Floerk., 114, 117, 124
Cl. destricta Nyl., 387
Cl. digitata Hoffm., 113, 122, 371
Cl. divaricata Meng. and Goepp., 355
Cl. enantia f. dilatala Wain., 112
Cl. endiviaefolia Fr., 384
Cl. fimbriata Fr., 51, 117, 120, 295, 296, 349, 367, 368, 370, 377; Subsp. fibula Nyl., 119, 369
Cl. flabelliformis Wain., 371
Cl Floerkeana Fr., 173, 296, 362, 370
Cl. foliacea Willd., 112, 113, 120, 122, 240, 295, 296
Cl. furcata Schrad., 117 (Fig. 70), 118, 124, 194 (Fig. 109), 212, 295, 297, 355, 368, 369, 377, 386
Cl. gracilis Hoffm., 115 (Fig. 68), 122, 124, 210, 297, 367, 369, 387
Cl. leptophylla Floerk., 295, 296
Cl. macilenta Hoffm., 362, 366, 367, 369, 378
Cl. miniata Mey., 112, 122
Cl. nana Wain., 112
Cl. Neo-Zelandica Wain., 112
Cl. papillaria Hoffm., 195, 296, 344
Cl. pityrea Floerk., 255, 366
Cl. pungens Floerk. (see Cl. rangiformis)
Cl. pycnoclada Nyl., 345
Cl. pyxidata Hoffm., 2, 44, 110, 111 (Fig. 66), 113, 114, 117 (Fig. 69), 118, 120, 124, 172, 227, 295, 346, 349, 362, 366, 368, 370, 371, 377, 408
Cl. racemosa Hoffm., 387
Cl. rangiferina Web., 56, 95, 117, 119, 120, 210, 211, 215, 227, 231, 237, 238, 253, 267, 293, 297, 349, 355, 357, 369, 386, 388, 400, 411
Cl. rangiformis Hoffm., 271, 295, 366, 368, 386
Cl. retepora Fr., 117, 120 (Fig. 71), 231, 351
Cl. rosea Ludw., 354
Cl. solida Wain., 114
Cl. squamosa Hoffm., 113, 115 (Fig. 67), 118, 210, 243, 295, 366, 368
Cl. sylvatica Hoffm., 95, 112, 117, 119, 271, 349, 366, 368, 369, 385, 400
Cl. symphicarpia Tuck., 367
Cl. tophacea Hill, 8
Cl. turgida Hoffm., 369
Cl. uncialis Web., 112, 120, 369, 387, 389
Cl. verticillaris Fr., 122
Cl. verticillata Floerk., 114, 119, 120, 124, 349, 367, 369
Cladoniaceae, 135, 292, 310, 329, 366, 370
Cladoniodei, 306
Cladophora Kütz., 35, 59, 188
C. glomerata Kütz., 58 (Fig. 30)
Cladophoraceae, 59
Clathrinae, 117, 120
Clathroporina Müll.-Arg., 316
Clausae, 295
Clavaria Vaill., 421
Cleora lichenaria, 399
Cocciferae, 295
Coccobotrys Chod., 30, 40, 56, 315
C. Verrucariae Chod., 57 (Fig. 24)
Coccocarpia Pers., 335
C. molybdaea Pers., 61
C. pellita Müll.-Arg., 166
Coccomyxa Schmidle, 56
C. Solorinae croceae Chod., 56
C. Solorinae saccatae Chod., 56
C. subellipsoidea Acton, 57 (Fig. 25)
Coccotrema Müll.-Arg., 316
Coenogoniaceae, 59, 291, 310, 328
Coenogonium Ehrenb., 23, 35, 69, 182, 246, 291, 328, 351
C. ebeneum A. L. Sm., 22 (Fig. 3), 34, 59, 328, 350, 352, 363
C. implexum Nyl., 352
C. Linkii Ehrenb., 213
Coenothalami, 303
Coleochaete Bréb., 178
Collema Wigg., 6, 9, 21, 23, 25, 30, 48, 69, 87, 132, 165, 173, 200, 230, 284, 305, 334, 367, 392
C. ceranoides Borr., 385
C. cheileum Ach., 161
C. crispum Ach., 161, 180
C. flaccidum Ach., 365
C. fluviatile Sm., 392
C. granulatum Ach., 368
C. granuliferum Nyl., 69, 232, 243
C. Hildenbrandii Garov., 202 (see Leptogium)
C. limosum Ach., xx, 21, 349
C. microphyllum Ach., 160 (Fig. 91), 161 (Fig. 92), 202
C. nigrescens Ach., 20 (Fig. 2), 161, 243, 245, 364
C. plicatile, 409
C. pulposum Ach., 24, 162, 179, 186, 202, 266, 368, 385
C. pustulatum Ach., 373
C. pycnocarpum Nyl., 365
C. tenax Sm., 368
Collemaceae, 27, 53, 69, 160, 241, 244, 266, 284, 306, 310, 334, 364, 384, 396
Collemodes Fink, 162
C. Bachmannianum Fink, 162
Collemodium, see Leptogium
Collemopsidium Nyl., 333, 374
Collybia, Quél., 105
Colonna, 3
Combea De Not., 83
Conida Massal., 265, 267
C. rubescens, Arn., 265
Conidella urceolata Elenk., 265
Coniocarpi, 307
Coniocarpineae, 267, 273, 274, 276, 288, 309, 319
Coniocarpon DC., 305
Coniocybe Ach., 277, 319, 366
C. furfuracea Ach., 246, 376
Conotrema Tuck., 326
C. urceolatum Tuck., 343
Convoluta roscoffensis, 40
Cora Fr., 53, 246, 281, 311, 342, 352
C. Pavonia Fr., 88, 152 (Figs. 86, 87)
Coralloides, 5, 6, 7, 303
Corda, 200
Cordus, 409
Cordyceps Fr., 261
Corella Wain., 153, 311, 342, 352
C. brasiliensis Wain., 154
Coriscium Wain., 285, 288, 319
Cornicularia (Cetraria) Schreb., 388
C. ochroleuca Ach., 355
C. subpubescens Goepp., 355
C. succinea Goepp., 355
Corylus Tournef., 240
Cramer, 409
Croall, 19
Crocynia Nyl., 325
C. gossypina Nyl., 325
C. lanuginosa Hue, 325, 373
Crombie, xxi, 7, 18, 19, 197, 260, 262, 264, 306, 361
Crottles, 415
Cruoria Fr., 73
Cryptothecia Stirton, 331
Cryptothele Nyl., 333
Cudbear, 413, 415
Culpepper, 409
Cunningham, 35, 269
Cuppe-Moss, 3
Cupthongs, 9
Curnow, 19
Cutting, 180
Cyanophili, 308, 310
Cyanophyceae, 309; see Myxophyceae
Cycas L., 40
Cyclocarpineae, 273, 279, 290, 309, 324
Cyperus, 419
Cypheliaceae, 309, 320
Cyphelium Th. Fr., 276, 277, 288, 320
Cyphella aeruginascens Karst., 191
Cystococcus Chod., 55, 56
C. Cladoniae fimbriatae Chod., 56
C. Cladoniae pixidatae Chod., 56 (Fig. 56)
Cystococcus Naeg., 24, 26, 28, 34, 115, 229
C. humicola Naeg., 24, 27, 40, 55
Cystocoleus Thwaites, 23
Cytospora Ehrenb., 204
Czapek, 211, 413
Dacampia Massal., 315
Dactylina Nyl., 340
D. arctica Nyl., 339, 346
Dangeard, 185
Danilov, 37
Darbishire, 18, 26, 51, 64, 77, 86, 90, 92, 101, 103, 110, 130, 147, 148, 166, 167, 171, 175, 180, 181, 253, 256, 299, 324, 342, 346, 347, 377, 389
Darbishire and Fischer-Benzon, 307
Darbishirella A. Zahlbr., 324
Davies, 12, 14
Dawson, 178
De Candolle, 12
Deckenbach, 59
Deer, 401
Delise, 13, 126
Dendrographa Darbish., 324
D. leucophaea Darbish., 103, 213
Dermatiscum Nyl., 331
Dermatocarpaceae, 309, 314
Dermatocarpon Eschw., 80, 81, 276, 288, 315
D. aquaticum A. Zahlbr., 391, 392
D. cinereum Th. Fr., 368
D. hepaticum Th. Fr., 368, 388
D. lachneum A. L. Sm., 88, 368
D. miniatum Th. Fr., 56, 96 (Fig. 56), 173 (Fig. 99), 185, 241, 261, 373, 391, 392, 403
Desfontaines, 10
Diatoms, 220
Dichodium Nyl., 334
Dickson, 9
Dictyographa Müll.-Arg., 322
Dictyonema A. Zahlbr., 54, 153, 311, 342, 352
Didymella Sacc., 276
Didymosphaeria pulposi Zopf, 266
Dillenius, xx, 1, 6, 155, 192, 262, 304, 407
Dioscorides, 2
Diplogramma Müll.-Arg., 322
Diplopodon, 270
Diploschistaceae, 310, 326
Diploschistes Norm., 326
D. bryophilus Zahlbr., 374
D. ocellatus Norm., 247, 248, 374
D. scruposus Norm., 195, 214, 241, 243, 262, 368
Diplosphaera Bial., 57
D. Chodati Bial., 57
Dirina Fr., 73, 83, 290, 323
Dirinaceae, 290, 309, 323
Dirinastrum Müll.-Arg., 290, 323
Discocarpi, 307
Discomycetes, 267, 273
Dodoens, 3
Dog-lichen, 408
Domestic animals (Oxen, horses, etc.), 401
Don, 14
Doody, 4
Dorstenius, 2, 408
Dothidea Fr., 317
Dufour, 11
Dufourea Nyl., 340
Dufrenoy, 42, 260, 269
Dumontia Lamour., 111
Dundonald, Lord, 420
Ectolechiaceae, 69, 310, 327, 352, 363
Egeling, 234
Elaphomyces Nees, 261
Elenkin, 36, 37, 258, 265, 347
Elenkin and Woronichin, 353
Elfving, xxi, 25
Encephalographa Massal., 322
Enchylium Massal., see Forssellia
Endocarpon Hedw., 62, 88, 89, 197, 200, 261, 288, 315, 351, 389
E. monstrosum Massal., 373
E. pusillum Hedw., 28 (Figs. 5, 6)
Endocena Cromb., 339, 340
Endomyces scytonemata Zuk., 38
Englehardt, 354
Enterodictyon Müll.-Arg., 323
Enterographa Fée, 320
E. crassa Fée, 350
Enterostigma Müll.-Arg., 323
Erioderma Fée, 335
Eolichen Zuk., 285, 319
E. Heppii Zuk., 319
Ephebaceae, 54, 284, 310, 331
Ephebe Fr., 23, 25, 27, 30, 38, 68, 201, 284, 322
E. lanata Wain., see E. pubescens
E. pubescens Nyl., 23 (Fig. 3)
Ephebeia Nyl., 332
Epiconiaceae, 307
Epiconiodei, 306
Epigloea Zuk., 313
E. bactrospora Zuk., 313
Epigloeaceae, 57, 309, 313
Erica tetralix L., 95
Errera, 213, 214, 405
Erysiphe Link, 188
Eschweiler, 15, 184
Escombe, 210
Etard and Bouilhac, 42, 140
Ettingshausen and Debey, 354
Euler, 214
Eunephroma Stiz., 337
Euopsis granatina Nyl., 282, 387
Evernia Ach., 84, 95, 99, 200, 213, 340
E. furfuracea Mann, 24, 38, 94, 99, 108, 142 (Fig. 81), 151, 227, 231, 233, 300, 366, 376, 403, 405
E. prunastri Ach., 2, 100 (Fig. 59), 108, 210, 211, 212, 227, 233, 234, 238, 269, 300, 364, 384, 385, 396, 400, 403, 418, 419
Everniopsis Nyl., 339, 340
Eversman, 404
Famintzin, 24
Farriolla Norm., 319
Faull, 178
Fée, 13, 15, 184, 187, 192, 364
Fink, Bruce, xx, 242, 254, 348, 358, 365, 367, 368, 369, 373, 389, 391
Fischer, 308
Fitting, 36
Fitzpatrick, 181
Flagey, 373, 389
Florideae, 160, 177, 273
Flörke, 12, 13, 133
Flotow, 23, 192
Fontinalis L., 391
Forficula auricularia, 396
Forskål, 403
Forssell, 63, 65, 133, 136, 163, 175, 282, 373
Forssellia A. Zahlbr., 284, 333, 373
Forster, 12, 14
Fossil Lichens, 353-355
Frank, 31, 62, 78
Fraser, 178
French, xxiii
Friedrich, 75, 233, 269, 270
Fries, E., 13, 22, 149, 364
Fries, Th. M., 17, 18, 133, 138, 152, 192, 263, 342
Fucus L., 281
F. spiralis L., 383
Fuisting, 30, 159, 173
Fünfstück, 18, 19, 61, 75, 76, 161, 169, 170, 171, 175, 181, 216, 218, 219, 224, 342
Gage, 14
Galløe, 95, 242
Gargeaune, 45
Gasterolichens, 308
Gautier, 213
Geisleria Nitschke, 314
G. sychnogonioides Nitschke, 370
Georgi, 10, 420
Geosiphon Wettst., 45
Gerard, John, 3, 418
Gibelli, 200
Gilson, 209
Gleditsch, 269
Gloeocapsa Kütz., 23, 32, 55, 61, 68, 136, 195, 232, 284, 292, 332, 373
G. magma Kütz., 52 (Fig. 17), 60, 136
G. polydermatica Kütz., 53
Gloeocystis Naeg., 33, 57 (Fig. 28), 61, 133, 318
Gloeolichens, 175, 282, 284, 373, 389
Glossodium Nyl., 330
G. aversum Nyl., 294
Glück, 198
Glyphis Fée, 276, 323
Glypholecia Nyl., 331
Gmelin, J. F., 152
Gmelin, J. G., 411
Gnomonia erythrostoma Auersw., 178
Goeppert, 354, 393
Goeppert and Menge, 354
Gomphillus Nyl., 293, 330
Gongrosira Kütz., xxi
Gongylia Koerb., 314
G. viridis A. L. Sm., 368, 388
Gonohymenia Stein., 333
Gonothecium Wain., 31, 327
Gordon, Cuthbert, 415
Gossypina Ulmi, 399
Grammophori, 307
Graphidaceae, 59, 158, 309, 321, 351, 352, 364
Graphideae, 13, 17, 27, 34, 62, 78, 79, 172, 348, 349, 351, 353, 364
Graphidineae, 273, 278, 289, 309, 320, 365
Graphina Müll.-Arg., 322
Graphis Adans., 9, 211, 321, 322, 343, 349, 351, 355, 361, 364
G. elegans Ach., 30, 158 (Fig. 89), 172, 180, 397
G. scripta Ach., 50, 349, 354, 365, 366
G. scripta succinea Goepp., 355
Gray, J. E., 12, 305
Grete Herball, 2
Greville, 12
Grimbel, 250
Grimmia pulvinata Sm., 393
G. apocarpa Hedw., 393
Guembel, 392
Guérin-Varry, 210
Guillermond, 167
Gunnera L., 31, 41
Gyalecta Ach., 191, 328
G. cupularis Schaer., 244
G. Flotovii Koerb., 244
G. geoica Ach., 254
G. rubra Massal., 249
Gyalectaceae, 54, 59, 69, 310, 327
Gyalolechia Massal., 201
G. subsimilis (Th. Fr.) Darb., 378
Gymnocarpeae, 156, 308, 318
Gymnoderma Nyl., 330
G. coccocarpum Nyl., 293
Gymnographa Müll.-Arg., 322
Gyrophora Ach., 88, 96, 184, 200, 227, 231, 241, 249, 268, 304, 331, 346, 350, 376, 390, 393, 414
G. cylindrica Ach., 176, 184 (Fig. 103), 375, 387
G. erosa Ach., 330, 387
G. esculenta Miyosh., 403
G. flocculosa Turn. and Borr., 375
G. murina Ach., 94
G. polyphylla Hook., 387
G. polyrhiza Koerb., 94, 349, 404 (Fig. 129)
G. proboscidea Ach., 192, 346, 375
G. spodochroa Ach., 94
G. tonefacta Cromb., 375, 387
G. vellea Ach., 74, 176
Gyrophoraceae, 291, 310, 330
Gyrostomum Fr., 326
Haberlandt, 106, 188
Haematomma Massal., 230, 236, 338
H. coccineum Koerb., 214, 223, 226
H. elatinum Koerb., 201
H. ventosum Massal., 214, 225, 241, 252, 298, 375, 376, 388, 393
Hagenia ciliaris, 24
Haller, 7, 126
Halopyrenula Müll.-Arg., 318
Halsey, 14
Hamlet and Plowright, 213
Harmand, 63
Harper, 167, 178, 181, 188
Harpidium Koerb., 298, 338
H. rutilans Koerb., 298
Harriman, 14
Hassea A. Zahlbr., 319
Hedlund, 32, 61, 204, 245
Hedwig, 142, 156, 184, 192
Helix hortensis, 396
H. cingulata, 396
Hellbom, 350, 411
Helminthocarpon Fée, 322
Henneguy, 410, 411, 420
Heppia Naeg., 81, 175, 285, 335, 348, 351, 389
H. Depreauxii Tuck., 368
H. Guepini Nyl., 80, 88, 96
H. virescens Nyl., 368
Heppiaceae, 54, 285, 310
Herberger, 221
Herissey, 213
Herre, 230, 253, 349
Hesse, 12, 221, 224
Heterocarpon Müll.-Arg., 315
Heterodea Nyl., 339
H. Mülleri Nyl., 128, 299, 339, 350
Heterogenei, 303
Heteromyces Müll.-Arg., 293, 330
Heufleria Trev., 317
Hicks, 24
Hildenbrandtia Nardo, 73
Hill, Sir John, 8, 409
Hoffmann, 10, 154, 412, 415
Hofmann, 261
Holl, 19
Holle, 14, 46, 187
Holmes, 19, 422
Homogenei, 303
Homopsella Nyl., 334
Homothalami, 305
Homothecium Mont., 334
Hooker, 12, 15, 149
Hornschuch, xx, 156
How, 3
Howe, Heber, 85, 224, 348
Hudson, 7, 9, 303
Hue, 11, 16, 18, 33, 57, 63, 69, 73, 82, 85, 103, 133, 135, 136, 140, 188, 262, 283, 315, 325, 339, 340, 342, 347, 348, 360, 396, 418
Hulth, 215
Hutchins, 14
Hutchinson, 403
Hydrothyria Russ., 336
H. venosa Russ., 97, 175, 233, 286, 348, 390
Hymenobolina parasitica Zuk., 267, 399
Hymenolichens, xix, 54, 152-154, 273, 281, 308, 311, 335, 342
Hymenomycetes, xix, 153 et passim
Hyphomycetes, xix, 191
Hypnum L., 392
H. cupressiforme L., 385
Hypogymnia Nyl., 94, 176
Hypoxylon Bull., 12
Hysteriaceae, 273, 307
Hysterium Tode, 12
Iceland Moss, 210, 401 et passim
Icmadophila Massal., 166, 338
I. aeruginosa Mudd, see I. ericetorum
I. ericetorum A. Zahlbr., 196, 244, 370
Illosporium carneum Fr., 268
Ingaderia Darbish., 324
Iris, white, 419
Isidium Ach., 149
I. corallinum Ach., 149
I. Westringii Ach., 149
Istvanffi, 202, 206
Itzigsohn, 17, 23, 24, 193
Jaczewski, 353
Jasmine, oil of, 419
Jatta, 129
Jenmania Wächt., 333, 352
Jennings, Vaughan, 60
Jesuit’s bark, 10
John, 250
Johnson, C. P., 401, 402
Johnson, W., 19
Johow, 153
Jonaspis Th. Fr., 328
Joshua, 19
Jumelle, 230, 238
Kajanus (Nilson), 151
Karschia Koerb., 280
K. destructans Tobl., 265
K. lignyota Sacc., 280
Keeble, 41
Keegan, 224, 410
Keiszler, 201
Keller, 402
Kerner and Oliver, 215
Kieffer, 371
Kienitz-Gerloff, 51
Kihlman, 237, 358, 388, 401
Knop, 213, 247
Knop and Schnederman, 221
Knowles, 224, 249, 379, 384, 391
Kobert, 409, 410
Koelreuter, 155
Koerber, 14, 123, 142, 188, 305
Koerberia Massal., 334
Kotte, 264
Krabbe, 63, 113, 114, 119, 122, 123, 124, 143, 147, 162, 170, 172, 174, 176, 177, 253
Kratzmann, 214
Krempelhuber, 1, 55, 244, 364
Kupfer, 261
Kützing, 22
Laboulbenia Mont. and Robin, 178
Laboulbeniaceae, 178, 274
Lachnea scutellata Gill., 168
L. stercorea Gill., 178
Lacour, 211
Lang, 76, 216, 235
Larbalestier, 19
Laubert, 206
Laudatea Joh., 154
Laurera Reichenb., 317
Lecanactidaceae, 310, 325
Lecanactis Eschw., 204, 325
Lecania Massal., 136, 338
L. candicans A. Zahlbr., 80 (Fig. 43)
L. cyrtella Oliv., 377
L. erysibe Mudd, 377
L. holophaea A. L. Sm., 350
Lecaniella Wain., 327
Lecanora Ach., 78, 88, 200, 298, 305, 338, 347, 349, 351, 353, 364, 365, 372, 390
L. aquatica Koerb., 391
L. aspidophora f. errabunda Hue, 262
L. atra Ach., 63, 225, 249, 375, 380, 382 (Fig. 125), 384, 386, 393
L. atriseda Nyl., 261
L. atroflava, see Placodium
L. aurella (Hoffm.), 262
L. badia Ach., 79, 375, 386
L. caesiocinerea Nyl., 218, 384
L. calcarea Somm., 218 (Fig. 120), 373, 396
L. campestris B. de Lesd., 361, 384
L. cenisia Ach., 375
L. cinerea Somm., 229, 349, 375
L. citrina Ach., see Placodium
L. coilocarpa Nyl., 30
L. crassa Ach., 79, 81, 201, 218, 367, 368, 373, 389
L. crenulata Hook., 361, 377
L. Dicksonii Nyl., 250, 375
L. dispersa Nyl., 261, 369, 377, 384
L. effusa Ach., 204
L. epanora Ach., 246
L. epibryon Ach., 378, 389
L. epulotica Nyl., 392
L. esculenta Eversm., 211, 257, 265, 298, 389, 404 (Fig. 130), 422
L. exigua, see Rinodina
L. ferruginea Nyl., 30
L. galactina Ach., 254, 262, 360, 369, 377, 384, 386
L. gelida Ach., 135, 136, 137 (Fig. 77), 140, 375
L. gibbosa Nyl., 375, 384, 386
L. glaucoma Ach., see L. sordida; var. corrugata Nyl., 84 (Fig. 46)
L. Hageni Ach., 366, 367, 369, 377, 383
L. hypnorum Ach., see Psoroma
L. lacustris Th. Fr., 233, 250, 391, 392
L. lentigera Ach., 81, 90, 298, 367
L. muralis Schaer., 242
L. ochracea Nyl., 373
L. pallescens Mudd, 213
L. pallida Schaer., 78
L. parella Ach., 72, 375, 382, 384, 417
L. peliocypha Nyl., 375
L. picea Nyl., 374
L. piniperda Koerb., 204
L. polytropa Schaer., 237, 376, 394
L. prosechoides Nyl., 383, 384
L. rubina Wain., 390
L. rugosa Nyl., 366
L. Sambuci Nyl., 204
L. saxicola Ach., 79, 80, 81, 233, 252, 349, 369, 384, 386, 393, 396
L. simplex Nyl. (see Biatorella), 75, 77, 382
L. smaragdula Nyl., 382
L. sophodes Ach., 30; see Rinodina
L. sordida Th. Fr., 194, 236, 261, 374, 375, 380, 382
L. squamulosa Nyl., 374
L. subfusca Ach., 22, 30, 49, 65 (Fig. 34), 70 (Fig. 57), 157 (Fig. 88), 164, 166, 167, 168, 236, 347, 365, 366
L. sulphurea Ach., 226, 238, 376, 384
L. tartarea Ach., 57, 147, 183 (Fig. 102), 224, 225, 227, 237, 262, 346, 358, 359, 371, 375, 387, 389, 414 (Fig. 134)
L. umbrina Massal., 377, 385
L. upsaliensis Nyl., 387
L. urbana Nyl., 361
L. varia Ach., 227, 346, 360, 361, 362, 366, 367, 377
L. ventosa, see Haematomma
L. verrucosa Laur., 378
L. xantholyta Nyl., 373
Lecanoraceae, 136, 311, 337, 353
Lecanorales, 297
Lecidea Ach., 78, 184, 261, 279, 292, 304, 308, 328, 346, 347, 349, 351, 353, 364, 365, 372, 373, 385, 390
L. aglaea Somm., 375
L. albocoerulescens Ach., 392
L. alpestris Somm., 387
L. arctica Somm., 387
L. aromatica (see Bilimbia)
L. atrofusca Nyl., 248, 387
L. auriculata Th. Fr., 375
L. Berengeriana Th. Fr., 387
L. coarctata Nyl., 247
L. coeruleonigricans Schaer., 373
L. colludens Nyl., 384; see Buellia
L. confluens Ach., 375, 388; f. oxydata Leight., 250
L. consentiens Nyl., 134, 135
L. contigua Fr., 375, 376, 388, 392; var. flavicunda Nyl., 250
L. crustulata Koerb., 369
L. (Bilimbia) cuprea Somm., 387
L. cupreiformis Nyl., 387
L. decipiens Ach., 291, 367, 368
L. decolorans Floerk, see L. granulosa
L. demissa Th. Fr., 369, 387
L. diducens Nyl., 375
L. enteroleuca Nyl., 164, 168, 365
L. fumosa Ach., 159
L. fuscoatra Ach., 200 (Fig. 114), 375
L. gelatinosa Floerk., 368
L. granulosa Schaer., 218, 237, 269, 291, 362, 369, 370, 377
L. grisella Floerk., 243
L. helvola Th. Fr., 245
L. herbidula Nyl., xxi
L. illita Nyl., 136
L. immersa Ach., 217 (Fig. 117), 398
L. inserena Nyl., 375
L. insularis Nyl., 236, 261
L. irregularis Fée, 192
L. Kochiana Hepp, 375
L. lapicida Ach., 375
L. lavata Nyl., 384
L. limosa Ach., 387
L. lucida Ach., 246, 376
L. lurida Ach., 79, 195, 241, 367
L. mesotropa Nyl., 375
L. Metzleri Th. Fr., 398
L. nigroclavata Nyl., 384
L. ostreata Schaer., 79, 145, 291, 366
L. pallida Th. Fr., 135
L. panaeola Ach., 134, 135, 136, 375
L. parasema Ach., 183 (Fig. 101), 366
L. pelobotrya Somm., 135, 136
L. phylliscocarpa Nyl., 31
L. phyllocaris Wain., 31, 327
L. plana Nyl., 375
L. platycarpa Ach., 375
L. pycnocarpa Koerb., 375
L. quernea Ach., 236, 349, 386
L. rivulosa Ach., 374, 375, 376
L. sanguinaria Ach., 187 (Fig. 105), 248
L. sanguineoatra Ach., 370
L. stellulata Tayl., 376
L. sulphurella Hedl., 242
L. sylvicola Flot., 372
L. testacea Ach., 195 (Fig. 111)
L. tricolor Nyl. (Biatorina Griffithii), 362
L. tumida Massal., 375
L. uliginosa Ach., 254, 291, 370, 385, 387
L. vernalis Ach., 66 (Fig. 35)
Lecideaceae, 135, 241, 279, 291, 298, 310, 327, 328, 341, 346, 353
Lecideales, 290, 308
Leciophysma Th. Fr., 334
Leighton, 16, 17, 18, 19, 134, 306, 342, 353, 388
Leiosoma palmicinctum, 397
Lemming rats, 401
Lemmopsis A. Zahlbr., 334
Lenzites Fr., 261, 371
Léorier, 411
Lepidocollema Wain., 81, 336
Lepidoptera, 399
Lepolichen Trevis., 318
L. coccophora Hue, 57, 318
L. granulatus Müll.-Arg., 318
Lepra Hall., 143
L. viridis Humb., 23
Lepraria Ach., 143, 237, 305
L. botryoides, xx
L. chlorina, 376
Leprieur, 15
Leprocollema Wain., 285, 354
Leproloma Nyl., 325
Leptodendriscum Wain., 284, 332
Leptogidium Nyl., 284, 332, 350
L. dendriscum Nyl., 332
Leptogium S. F. Gray, 69, 84, 87, 232, 285, 335, 370
L. Burgessii Mont., 245
L. byssinum Nyl., 368
L. Hildenbrandii Nyl., 364
L. lacerum S. F. Gray, 243, 254, 373
L. myochroum Nyl., 365
L. scotinum Fr., 385
L. turgidum Nyl., 385
Leptorhaphis Koerb., 263, 316
Lesdain, Bouly de, 140, 270, 271, 366, 369, 376, 398
Letharia A. Zahlbr., 84, 340
L. vulpina Wain., 95, 105, 226, 228, 246, 265, 349, 364, 410, 417
Lett, 19
Lettau, 225, 227, 369, 391, 417
Lichen, xxvi, 1, 5, 9, 303
Lichen albineus Ludw., 354
Lichen candelarius L., 371, 415
Lichen cinereus terrestris, 407
Lichen dichotomus Engelh., 354
Lichen diffusus Ludw., 354
Lichen gelatinosus Rupp, 6
Lichen juniperinus L., 415
Lichen orbiculatus Ludw., 354
Lichen parietinus L., 371, 415
Lichen Roccella L., 415
Lichen saxatilis L., 415
Lichen tartareus L., 415
Lichen tenellus Scop., 371
Lichenacei, 306
Lichenes Coralloidei etc. Hall., 7
Lichenodium Nyl., 334
Lichenoides, 1, 6, 7, 304, 415
Lichenophoma Keisz., 201
Lichenoxanthine, 418
Lichina Ag., 163, 195, 201, 233, 281, 284, 334, 383
L. confinis Ag., 383, 384
L. pygmaea Ag., 195, 201, 383
Lichinaceae, 55, 99, 310, 333
Lichinella Nyl., 354
Lightfoot, 9, 280, 303, 407, 415
Limax, 396
Lindau, 18, 34, 36, 48, 64, 67, 78, 108, 149, 164, 168, 170, 176, 178, 184, 233, 269, 330
Lindsay, xx, 16, 17, 19, 120, 193, 203, 252, 262, 266, 348, 354, 358, 391, 401, 415, 417
Link, 371
Linkola, 141
Linnaeus, 7, 142, 154, 304, 312, 392, 401, 409, 415
Lister, 267
Listerella paradoxa Jahn, 267
Lithographa Nyl., 322
Lithoicea Massal., see Verrucaria
L. lecideoides Massal., 373
Lithothelium Müll.-Arg., 317
Litmus, 413
Lobaria Schreb., 136, 182, 287, 336
L. laciniata Wain., 133, 134
L. laetevirens A. Zahlbr., 2, 196
L. pulmonaria Hoffm., 2, 3, 10, 90, 96, 126 (Fig. 127), 130, 195, 252, 267, 336, 400, 406, 408, 411, 416, 418
L. scrobiculata DC., 130, 143
L’Obel, 2
Lopadiopsis Wain., 327
Lopadium Koerb., 191, 329
Lophothelium Stirt., 319
Loxa (Cinchona), 364
Ludwig, 354
Luffia lapidella, 399
Lung-wort, 406, 409
Lutz, 108
Luyken, xx, 156, 184
Lycoperdaceae, 307
Lyell, 14
Lyngbya Ag., 136
Mackay, 13
McLean, 385
Macmillan, 357, 391
Maheu, 243, 387
Maire, 185, 186, 189
Malinowski, 74, 371, 374
Malme, 261
Malpighi, 5, 142, 155
Manna, 404, 422
Marchantia L., 1, 5
Maronea Massal., 331
Martindale, 19
Martius, 15
Massalongia Koerb., 287, 335
Massalongo, 16, 188, 305
Massee, 308
Mastoidea Hook. and Harv., 315
Mastoidiaceae, 60, 309, 315
Mattirolo, 152
Mäule, 162, 164
Mayfield, 368
Mazosia Massal., 59, 323
Mead, Richard, 407
Megalospora Mey. and Flot., 329
Melampydium Müll.-Arg., 325
Melanotheca Müll.-Arg., 317
Melaspilea Nyl., 321, 322
Mereschkovsky, 258
Merrett, 3
Metzger, 176, 240
Meyer, 13, 46, 51, 126, 143, 156, 187, 252, 258, 305
Micarea Fr., see Biatorina Massal.
Michael, 397
Michaux, 14
Micheli, 1, 6, 142, 155
Microcystis Kütz., 52, 319
Microglaena Lönnr., 314
Micrographa Müll.-Arg., 322
Microphiale A. Zahlbr., 328
Microthelia Koerb., 316
Microtheliopsis Müll.-Arg., 318
Minks, 26
Minksia Müll.-Arg., 323
Mites, 395, 397
Miyoshi, 256, 403
Mnium hornum L., 65 (Fig. 35)
Moebius, 62
Mohl, 185, 186
Molisch, 250
Möller, 49, 154, 196, 202, 203
Moma orion, 399
Monas Lens, xx
Monascus, Van Teigh., 178
Montagne, 15
Moreau, xxi, 168, 175, 176, 212, 266
Moriola Norm., 313
Moriolaceae, 309, 313
Morison, 1, 4, 5, 155, 304
Moss, 356
Mousse des Chênes, 418
Mudd, 16, 17, 19
Muenster, 354
Mühlenberg, 14
Mulder, 210
Müller(-Argau), 18, 26, 191, 192, 205, 278, 307, 353, 405
Müller, K., 212
Müllerella Hepp, 275
Musco-fungus, 1
Muscus, 1
Muscus cranii humani, 413
Musk, 419
Mycetozoon on Lichens, 267
Mycoblastus Norm., 329
M. sanguinarius Th. Fr., 188; see Lecidea
Mycocalicium Rehm, 277
M. parietinum Rehm, 277
Mycoconiocybe Rehm, 277
Mycoidea Cunningh., 35, 59, 309, 318, 352, 363
M. parasitica Cunningh., 36, 59 (Fig. 31), 60
Mycoideaceae, 59
Mycoporaceae, 309, 318, 352
Mycoporellum Zahlbr., 159, 318
Mycoporum Flot., 159, 276, 318
Mycosphaerella Johans., 39
Mycosphaerellaceae, 275
Myriangiacei, 306
Myxodictyon Massal., 338
Myxophyceae, xix, 51, 52-55, 60, 68, 272, 324, 385
Narcyria monilifera, 399
Necker, 123, 154
Nees von Esenbeck, xxiv
Neophyllis Wils., 330, 351
Nephroma Ach., 63, 135, 136, 169, 244, 286, 337, 348
N. expallidum Nyl., 139 (Fig. 79)
Nephromium Nyl., 63, 158, 175, 200, 222, 244, 283, 286, 337, 349, 351
N. laevigatum Nyl., 195
N. lusitanicum Nyl., 228, 246
N. tomentosum Nyl., 87, 128, 169
Nephromopsis Müll.-Arg., 158, 244, 339
Neubert, 410
Neubner, 62, 175, 189, 288
Neuropogon Flot. and Nees, 346
Nienburg, 38, 64, 123, 166, 167, 168, 169, 177, 185, 196, 240
Nilson, 147, 151, 250, 358, 389
Norman, 16, 313
Normandina Nyl., see Coriscium
Normandina Wain., 315
Nostoc Vauch., 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 32, 42, 53, 61, 63, 69, 136, 138, 232, 246, 266, 285, 309 et seq., 396
N. coerulescens Lyngb., 53 (Fig. 18)
N. lichenoides Kütz., xx, 54
N. Linckia Born., 53 (Fig. 18)
N. sphaericum Vauch., 54
N. symbioticum, 45
Nostocaceae, 25, 53
Notaris, De, 1, 15, 16
Notaspis lutorum, 397
Nyctalis Fr., 261
Nylander, xxi, 7, 8, 16, 18, 25, 30, 52, 126, 131, 135, 136, 152, 197, 228, 262, 306, 325, 350, 353, 360, 383
Nylanderiella Hue, 315
Obryzum Wallr., 263
Ocellularia Spreng., 326
Ochrolechia Massal., 338
O. pallescens Koerb., 187 (Fig. 106), 213
Ochrophaeae Wain., 295
Officinal barks, 15
Ohlert, 234
Oidia, 189
Olivier, 342
Omphalaria Dur. and Mont., 348, 373, 393
O. Heppii Müll., 63
O. pulvinata Nyl., 373
Oniscus, 396
Oospora Wallr., 45
Opegrapha Ach., 11, 13, 35, 184, 304, 321, 322, 353, 354, 361
O. atra Pers., 15, 202
O. calcarea Turn., 383
O. endoleuca Nyl., 243
O. hapalea Ach., 243
O. saxicola Ach., 216, 219
O. subsiderella Nyl., 50, 202, 349
O. Thomasiana Goepp., 354
O. varia Pers., 354, 365
O. vulgata Ach., 30
O. zonata Koerb., 392
Opegraphella Müll.-Arg., 322
Orbilia coccinella Karst., 261
Orchil lichen, 412, 416
Oribata Parmeliae, 397
Oribatidae, 397
Oropogon Fr., 340
O. loxensis Th. Fr., 130, 210, 352
Orphniospora Koerb., 329
Orthidium, 191
Orthoptera, 397
Oscillaria Bosc., 24
Pachyphiale Lönnr., 328
Padina Pavonia Gaillon, 153
Palmella Lyngb., 24, 57, 232, 278, 282, 289, 309, 321, 338, 353
P. botryoides Kütz., 313
Pannaria Del., 61, 79, 81, 135, 168, 175, 336, 392
P. brunnea Massal., 244, 370
P. microphylla Massal., 81, 244
P. pezizoides Leight., 63
P. rubiginosa Del., 283
P. triptophylla Nyl., 244
Pannariaceae, 54, 135, 285, 287, 311, 335
Pannoparmelia Darbish., 338
P. anzioides Darbish., 90 (Fig. 51)
Paracelsus, 407
Paratheliaceae, 309, 316, 352
Parathelium Müll.-Arg., 317
Parfitt, 95
Parkinson, 3, 407
Parmelei, 353
Parmelia Ach., 84, 86, 93, 94, 95, 133, 200, 213, 227, 231, 238, 241, 242, 249, 260, 264, 267, 269, 299, 300, 305, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 354, 364, 372, 414
P. acetabulum Dub., 30, 167, 169 (Fig. 96), 170, 180, 195 (Fig. 111), 231, 255, 259, 360
P. adglutinata Floerk., 365
P. aleurites Ach., 364
P. alpicola Fr., 18, 350, 387
P. aspidota Rosend. (see P. exasperata), 92 (Fig. 53), 170, 338
P. Borreri Turn., 265; see P. dubia
P. caperata Ach., 88 (Fig. 49), 253, 255, 365, 366, 395
P. cetrata Ach., 92
P. conspersa Ach., 194, 241, 242, 355, 369, 376, 416, 417
P. crinita Nyl., 365
P. dubia Schaer., 377
P. encausta Ach., 268, 388, 393
P. enteromorpha Ach., 131
P. exasperata Carroll, 62, 129 (Fig. 74), 132, 196
P. farinacea Bitt., 131, 143
P. fuliginosa Nyl., 247, 361, 376, 386
P. glabra Nyl., 87, 170, 176
P. glabratula Lamy, 170
P. glomellifera Nyl., 249, 251
P. hyperopta Ach., 261
P. isidiophora A. Zahlbr., 66
P. Kamtschadalis Eschw., 300
P. lacunosa Meng. and Goepp., 355
P. lanata Wallr., see P. pubescens
P. locarensis Zopf., 249
P. molliuscula Ach., 265
P. Mougeotii Schaer., 375
P. obscurata DC., 64, 131, 176, 242
P. olivacea Ach., 247, 365
P. omphalodes Ach., 3, 260, 375, 387, 415 (Fig. 135)
P. papulosa Rosend., 150, 214, 219
P. perforata Hook. (?), 365
P. perlata Ach., 92, 114, 213, 237, 243, 262, 353, 363, 403, 416
P. pertusa Schaer., 131
P. physodes Ach., 64, 91, 144 (Fig. 83), 146 (Fig. 84), 156, 194, 234, 237, 242, 253, 262, 299, 355, 361, 363, 366, 384, 385, 416
P. pilosella Hue, 92
P. proboscidea Tayl., 92, 150
P. prolixa Carroll, 241, 249, 382
P. pubescens Wain., 85, 299, 300, 350, 375, 387
P. revoluta Floerk., 247, 259 (Fig. 121)
P. saxatilis Ach., 169, 170, 242, 243, 253, 260, 355, 361, 365, 366, 375, 386, 387, 393, 407 (Fig. 131), 416
P. scortea Ach., 150, 366
P. stygia Ach., 130, 299, 350, 375, 387, 393
P. subaurifera Nyl., 143, 226, 246, 377
P. sulcata Tayl., 144, 361
P. tiliacea Ach., 164, 170, 252, 365
P. tristis Wallr., 88, 130, 247, 375, 387
P. verruculifera Nyl., 87, 143, 214
P. vittata Nyl., 131, 143
Parmeliaceae, 200, 287, 298, 311
Parmeliales, 308
Parmeliella Müll.-Arg., 81, 286, 336
Parmeliopsis Nyl., 339
Parmentaria Fée, 317
Patellaria Fr., 280
Patellariaceae, 278
Patinella Sacc., 279
P. atroviridis Rehm, 278
Patouillard, 389
Paulia Fée, 284, 333, 352
Paulson, 244, 254, 366
Paulson and Hastings, 28, 38, 44, 56, 260
Paulson and Thompson, 254, 361, 369, 377, 397
Peccania Forss., 284, 333, 373
Peirce, xxiii, 33, 34, 108, 258, 359
Peltati, 305
Peltidea Ach., 63, 286; see Peltigera
Peltigera Willd., 3, 42, 53, 61, 63, 88, 135, 136, 137, 168, 175, 186, 204, 212, 213, 222, 232, 242, 257, 266, 283, 286, 337, 346, 349, 355, 367, 384, 385, 392
P. americana Wain., 351
P. aphthosa Willd., 26, 87, 133, 138 (Fig. 78 A, B), 141, 211, 262, 347, 359, 370, 406
P. canina Willd., 24, 51, 84 (Fig. 47), 87, 89 (Fig. 50), 93 (Figs. 54, 55), 97, 185, 213, 254, 262, 359, 367, 370, 394, 396, 407, 418
P. horizontalis Hoffm., 169, 244
P. lepidophora (Nyl.) Bitt., 140
P. leptoderma Nyl., 351
P. malacea Fr., 169, 370
P. polydactyla Hoffm., 51, 244, 266, 368
P. rufescens Hoffm., 169, 386
P. spuria Leight., 268, 369
P. spuriella Wain., 351
P. venosa Hoffm., 244, 347
Peltigeraceae, 54, 135, 283, 286, 287, 311, 336
Pelvetia canaliculata Dec. and Thur., 39
Pentagenella Darbish., 83, 324
Perforaria Müll.-Arg., 337
Persio, 413
Persoon, 10, 21, 123, 156, 395
Pertusaria DC., 34, 73, 85, 86, 88, 170, 180, 186, 213, 246, 253, 337, 414
P. amara Ach., 148, 236, 243, 349, 361, 366, 408 (Fig. 132)
P. communis DC., 50, 202, 214 (Fig. 116), 255, 269, 366, 393
P. concreta Nyl., 382
P. corallina (Ach.) Bachm., 374
P. dactylina Nyl., 387
P. dealbata Cromb., 215, 375, 376
P. faginea Leight., 396
P. globulifera Nyl., 33 (Fig. 12), 236, 237, 262, 357, 366
P. glomerata Schaer., 387
P. lactea Nyl., 374, 376
P. leioplaca Schaer., 365
P. lutescens Lamy, 226
P. melaleuca Dub., 417
P. oculata Th. Fr., 387
P. velata Nyl., 265
P. Wulfenii DC., 226, 366
Pertusariaceae, 147, 311
Petch, 397
Petiver, 4, 10
Petractis Fr., 327
P. exanthematica Fr., 61, 75, 215, 216
Peziza Dill., 157, 213, 307
P. resinae Fr., 355
Pfaff, 221
Pfeffer, 220
Phacopsis vulpina Tobl., 265
Phaeographina Müll.-Arg., 322
Phaeographis Müll.-Arg., 322
Ph. Lyellii A. Zahlbr., 350
Phaeotrema Müll.-Arg., 326
Phalena, 395
Phascum cuspidatum Schreb., 45
Phialopsis rubra Koerb., 174, 249; see Gyalecta
Phillips, 252
Phleopeccania Stein., 284, 333, 352
Phlyctella Müll.-Arg., 338
Phlyctidia Müll.-Arg., 338
Phlyctis Wallr., 338
P. agelaea Koerb., 174
Phycolichens, 22, 282, 283, 285
Phycopeltis Millard., 59, 278, 318, 321, 322, 323, 327, 352, 363
P. expansa Jenn., 35 (Fig. 13), 60 (Fig. 32)
Phyllactidium Moeb., 59, 62, 288, 309, 310, 318, 327, 363
P. tropicum Moeb., 59
Phylliscidium Forss., 333
Phylliscum Nyl., 286, 333
Phyllobathelium Müll.-Arg., 318
Phyllophora Grev., 111
Phyllophthalmaria A. Zahlbr., 326, 352
Ph. coccinea A. Zahlbr., 352
Phylloporina Müll.-Arg., 318
Phyllopsora Müll.-Arg., 329
P. furfuracea A. Zahlbr., 329
Phyllopsoraceae, 310, 329
Phyllopyreniaceae, 309, 318
Phymaloidei, 304
Physcia Schreb., 90, 94, 166, 186, 238, 301, 351, 372, 399
P. aipolia Nyl., 20 (Fig. 1), 249
P. aquila Nyl., 380, 382, 384
P. ascendens Bitt., 270, 369, 377
P. caesia Nyl., 226, 369, 384
P. chrysophthalma, see Teloschistes
P. ciliaris DC., 3, 46, 84 (Fig. 48), 92, 94, 99, 103, 155, 165 (Fig. 94), 166, 167, 182 (Fig. 100), 184, 185 (Fig. 104), 187, 189, 192, 243, 246, 247, 355, 360, 411, 419
P. granulifera Nyl., 365
P. hispida Tuck., 29, 92, 146, 164, 166, 169, 194 (Fig. 110), 241, 271, 360, 366
P. hypoleuca Tuck., 399
P. intricata Schaer., 301
P. leucomelas Mich., 99
P. obscura Nyl., 243, 360, 365, 369, 377
P. parietina (see Xanthoria), 29 (Figs. 7, 8)
P. picta Nyl., 349, 353
P. pulverulenta Nyl., 28, 164 (Fig. 93), 166, 181, 248, 360, 365, 366, 377, 399
P. puncticulata Hue, 33
P. sciastrella Hann., 369
P. stellaris Nyl., 29, 365, 384
P. stellaris var. tenella Cromb., see P. hispida Tuck.
P. subobscura A. L. Sm., 384
P. tenella Bitt., 366, 384, 386
P. tribacia Nyl., 365
P. villosa Dub., 268
Physciaceae, 136, 200, 267, 300, 308, 311, 341
Physcidia Tuck., 299, 339
Ph. Wrightii Nyl., 352
Physma Massal., 163, 284, 334, 341
P. chalazanum Arn., 32 (Fig. 9)
P. compactum Koerb., 163, 266
P. franconicum Massal., 263
Pilocarpaceae, 310, 325
Pilocarpon Wain., 325, 353; see Pilophorus
P. leucoblepharum Wain., 325, 363
Pilophorus Th. Fr., 17, 125, 133, 135, 201, 292, 294, 297, 330
P. robustus Th. Fr., 136
Pinus sylvestris L., 94, 271
Piptocephalis De Bary, 261
Placidiopsis Beltr., 288
Placodium DC., 80, 339, 340, 346, 360, 372
P. atroflavum A. L. Sm., 386
P. aurantiacum Hepp, 365
P. bicolor Tuck., 136
P. callopismum Mér., 349
P. cerinum Hepp, 262, 365, 366, 367
P. citrinum Hepp, 224, 271, 349, 373, 377, 386, 393
P. decipiens Leight., 218, 369, 383
P. elegans DC., 225, 241, 347, 369, 390
P. ferrugineum Hepp, 346, 384
P. flavescens A. L. Sm., 377
P. fruticulosum Darbish., 347
P. fulgens S. F. Gray, 367
P. lacteum Lesd., 377
P. lobulatum A. L. Sm., 379, 382, 384
P. luteoalbum Hepp, 301
P. murorum DC., 42, 80 (Fig. 42), 227, 241, 243, 347, 369, 380
P. nivale Tuck., 301
P. pyraceum Anzi, 369, 377
P. rupestre Br. and Rostr., 301
P. subfruticulosum Elenk., 347
P. sympageum, see P. flavescens
P. tegularis (Ehrh.) Darbish., 379, 384
P. teicholytum DC., 369
Placodium Hill (non DC.), 8
Placodium Web. (non DC.), 9
P. Garovagli (Koerb.) Fried., 81
P. saxicolum S. F. Gray, 146, 168; see Lecanora
Placolecania Zahlbr., 338
Placothelium Müll.-Arg., 285, 319
Placynthium Ach., 336
P. nigrum S. F. Gray, 248, 373
Plagiothecium sylvaticum Buch. and Schimp., 237
Plagiotrema Müll.-Arg., 317
Platygrapha Nyl., 325
Platysma Nyl., 8, 200, 257; see Cetraria
P. commixtum Nyl., 375
P. corniculatum Hill, 8
P. Fahlunense Nyl., 375
P. glaucum Nyl., 10, 375, 376, 418
P. lacunosa Nyl., 375
Pleospora collematum Zuk., 163, 266
Pleurococcus Menegh. (?), 22, 29, 62
P. Naegeli Chod., 28
P. vulgaris Menegh., 28, 55 (Fig. 22), 223
P. vulgaris Naeg., 28
Pleurocybe Müll.-Arg., 320
P. madagascarea A. Zahlbr., 289
Pleurothelium Müll.-Arg., 317
Pleurotrema Müll.-Arg., 317
Plot, 4
Plowright, 207
Plukenet, 5
Poa compressa L., 393
Poduridae, 256
Polyblastia Massal., 48, 314
P. catalepta (Ach.) Fuist., 30
P. Vouauxi Lesd., 378
Polyblastiopsis Nyl., 316
Polycauliona Hue, 339, 340, 346
P. regale Hue, 339, 346
Polycaulionaceae, 339
Polychidium A. Zahlbr., 284, 332
Polycoccus Kütz., 24
P. punctiformis Kütz., 24, 54, 61
Polyporus Mich., 261
Polystictus versicolor (Fr.), 152
Polystigma rubrum DC., 178, 207
Polystroma Clem., 326
P. Ferdinandezii Clem., 326
Polytrichum L., 392
P. commune L., 237
Polyxenus, 270
Porina Ach., 204, 316
P. lectissima A. Zahlbr., 249, 251, 392
P. olivacea A. L. Sm., 159 (Fig. 90 A)
Porocyphus Koerb., 332
Poronia Willd., 13, 178
Porta, 5
Porter, 109, 270
Prasiola Ag., 60, 309, 315
P. parietina Wille, 60 (Fig. 33)
Prasiolaceae, 60
Propagula, 11
Protocaliceaceae, 277
Protococcaceae, 55, 288, 291, 309, 310, 313 et seq., 353, 363
Protococcus Ag., xx, 28, 56, 62, 63, 65, 287
P. botryoides Kirchn., 65
P. viridis Ag., 22, 28, 44, 48 (Fig. 15), 55 (Fig. 22), 65, 313
Pseudopyrenula Müll.-Arg., 316
Psocus, 397
Psora (Lecidea) decipiens Hook., 388
Psorella Müll.-Arg., 329
Psoroglaena Müll.-Arg., 315
Psoroma S. F. Gray, 136, 285, 286, 335
P. hypnorum S. F. Gray, 63, 81, 88, 89, 135, 246, 283, 370
Psoromaria Nyl., 285, 286, 335
Psorotichia Massal., 68, 163, 333, 373
Ps. lugubris Dal. Tor. and Sarnth., 375
Ps. lutophila Arn., 368
Psychides, 399
Pterygiopsis Wain., 332
Pterygium Nyl., 333
Pt. Kenmorensis A. L. Sm., 392
Ptychographa Nyl., 321, 322
Pulteney, 4, 14
Pulvis antilyssus, 407
Pulvis Cyprius, 419
Pycnothelia (Cladonia) papillaria Duf., 369
Pyrenastrum Eschw., 317
Pyrenidiaceae, 53, 54, 275, 285, 309, 319
Pyrenidium Nyl., 285, 319
P. actinellum Nyl., 99
Pyrenocarpeae, 158, 273, 308
Pyrenocarpei, 306, 307, 353
Pyrenocarpineae, 273, 275, 288, 308
Pyrenocollema Reinke, 334
Pyrenographa Müll.-Arg., 323
Pyrenolichens 159, 241, 276, 352, 391
Pyrenomycetes 158, 267, 273
Pyrenopsidaceae, 282, 284, 310, 352
Pyrenopsidium Forss., 333
Pyrenopsis Nyl., 60, 68, 163, 175, 333
P. haematopis Th. Fr., 195
P. impolita Forss., 175
P. phaeococca Tuck., 175
Pyrenothamnia Tuck., 99, 315
P. Spraguei Tuck., 288
Pyrenothamniaceae, 309, 315
Pyrenothea Ach., 192
Pyrenothrix Riddle, 319
Pyrenula Ach., 200, 316
P. cinerella Fink, 365
P. leucoplaca Koerb., 365
P. nitida Ach., 174, 194, 240, 255, 350, 354, 364, 365
P. thelena Fink, 365
Pyrenulaceae, 50, 276, 309, 316, 365
Pyrgidium Nyl., 319
P. bengalense Nyl., 353
Pyrgillus Nyl., 289, 320
Pyronema Carus., 167
P. confluens Tul., 178
Pyxidium Hill, 8
Pyxine Nyl., 301, 341
P. Cocoës Nyl., 353
P. Meissnerii Tuck., 353
Quercus alba, 359
Q. chrysolepis, 359
Q. Douglasii, 359
Racodium Pers., 35, 328
R. rupestre Pers., 291, 328
Radais, 42
Ramalina Ach., 3, 84, 103, 110, 195, 213, 238, 244, 257, 270, 305, 340, 347, 348, 351, 359, 361, 363
R. calicaris Fr., 3, 104, 147, 210, 353, 355, 365, 366, 418, 419
R. ceruchis De Not., 103
R. Curnowii Cromb., 104, 109
R. cuspidata Nyl., 225, 271 (see R. siliquosa), 384
R. dilacerata Hoffm., 106, 130
R. Eckloni Mont., 130
R. evernioides Nyl., 103, 300
R. farinacea Ach., 10, 239, 269, 271, 353, 366, 400, 411
R. fastigiata Ach., 109, 365, 366, 400, 411
R. fraxinea Ach., 104, 106, 130 (Fig. 75 A), 155, 164, 170, 195, 200, 212, 215, 300, 355, 365, 366, 400, 411, 418
R. gracilenta Ach., 349
R. homalea Ach., 103
R. Landroensis Zopf, 109, 130
R. minuscula Nyl., 103 (Fig. 62), 147
R. pollinaria Ach., 109, 227, 349, 366
R. reticulata Krempelh., 33 (Fig. 11), 99, 106 (Fig. 64), 253, 257, 359
R. scopulorum Ach., see R. siliquosa
R. siliquosa A. L. Sm., 104, 109 (Fig. 65), 130, 224, 225, 271, 300, 379 (Fig. 122), 381 (Figs. 123, 124)
R. strepsilis Zahlbr., 104, 130 (Fig. 75 B)
R. subfarinacea Nyl., 380
R. tertiaria Engelh., 354
Ramalinaceae, 339
Ramalinites lacerus Braun, 354
Ramalodei, 306
Ramonia Stizenb., 328
Rathapu, 403
Ray, 4, 407, 409
Rees, 27
Rehm, 277
Reindeer, 401
Reindeer moss, 400 et passim
Reinke, 18, 31, 41, 68, 123, 125, 130, 144, 253, 277, 284, 291, 307, 324
Reinkella Darbish., 83, 324
Relhan, 9
Rhabdopsora Müll.-Arg., 319
Rhizina undulata Fr., 181
Rhizocarpon Ramond, 248, 302, 329, 341
R. alboatrum Th. Fr., 365, 369, 373, 383
R. concentricum, see R. petraeum
R. confervoides DC., 71 (Fig. 38 A, B), 369, 386
R. distinctum Th. Fr., 261
R. epipolium (Ach.), 265
R. geographicum DC., 73, 74 (Figs. 40, 41), 226, 236, 243, 246, 249, 252, 261, 264, 291, 346, 372, 374, 376, 380
R. obscuratum Massal., 392
R. Oederi Koerb., 375
R. petraeum Koerb. (?), 374
R. petraeum Massal., 171 (Fig. 97), 375, 392
R. viridiatrum Koerb., 249, 375, 376
Rhizomorpha Roth, 12
Rhymbocarpus punctiformis Zopf, 264
Ricasolia De Not., 94 (see Lobaria), 168, 175
R. amplissima De Not., 133, 134 (Fig. 76), 195, 197, 357
R. laetevirens Leight., 357
Richard, 377, 411
Richardson, Dr, 6
Richardson, Sir John, 388
Riddle, 137
Rinodina S. F. Gray, 301, 302, 341, 372
R. archaea Wain., 346
R. Conradi Koerb., 370
R. exigua S. F. Gray, 366, 367, 377, 383, 384
R. isidioides Oliv., 301
R. oreina Wain., 301, 374, 390
R. sophodes Th. Fr., 367
R. turfacea Th. Fr., 262, 377
Rivularia, 55, 136, 138, 284, 333
R. Biasolettiana, 54 (Fig. 21)
R. minutula Born. and Fl., 54 (Fig. 21)
R. nitida Ag., 55
Rivulariaceae, 54
Roccella DC., 3, 34, 35, 83, 103, 200, 225, 233, 242, 278, 292, 324, 351, 359, 363
R. fuciformis DC., 83 (Fig. 45), 98 (Fig. 57), 101, 110, 227, 228, 349, 350, 412
R. fucoides Wain., 349, 350
R. Montagnei Bél., 213, 413
R. peruensis Kremp., 413
R. phycopsis Ach., 110; see R. fucoides
R. portentosa Mont., 413
R. sinuensis Nyl., 413
R. tinctoria DC., 213, 215, 227, 349, 350, 413 (Fig. 133)
Roccellaceae, 59, 83, 110, 279, 290, 309, 323
Roccellaria Darbish., 323, 324
Roccellina Darbish., 83, 290, 323, 324
Roccellographa Stein., 83, 290, 323, 324
Rock tripe, 404
Roebuck, 401
Ronceray, 213, 413
Rosendahl, 86, 90, 93, 129, 170, 176, 214, 218, 249
Roses, spirit of, 419
Roy, 411
Ruel, 2
Rupp, 5
Russula Pers., 161
Sachs, 17, 23
Sagedia, see Verrucaria
S. declivum Am., 251
Sagiolechia Massal., 328
Salix repens L., 357
Salter, 51, 393
Sandstede, 233, 384, 385
Sappin-Trouffy, 207
Sarcographa Fée, 323
Sarcographina Müll.-Arg., 323
Sarcogyne (= Biatorella) latericola Stein., 76
Sarcopyrenia Nyl., 314
Sättler, 123, 173, 296, 358
Schade, 376
Schaerer, 15, 192
Schellenberg, 212
Schenk, 213
Schikorra, 178
Schimper, 354, 355
Schismatomma Flot., 325
Schizopelte Th. Fr., 83, 324
Schneider, 7, 135, 136, 139
Schreber, 126
Schrenk, 231, 258, 359
Schulte, 104, 105, 106, 177
Schwarz, 224
Schweinfurth, 405
Schweinitz, 15
Schwenckfeld, 3
Schwendener, xx, 2, 16, 17, 18, 25, 27, 36, 71, 82, 86, 92, 126, 128, 129, 142, 147, 168, 213, 224, 307
Sclerophyton Eschw., 323
S. circumscriptum A. Zahlbr., 322
Scopoli, 8, 21, 154, 409
Scott-Elliot, 253
Scutellati, 305
Scutovertes maculatus, 397
Scytonema Ag., 54, 57, 61, 68, 75, 136, 153, 216, 232, 281, 284, 309 et seq., 318
S. mirabile Thur., 53 (Fig. 19)
Scytonemaceae, 54
Secoliga (Gyalecta) bryophaga Koerb., 368
Segestria, see Porina
Senft, 223
Septoria Fr., 204
Sernander, 94, 140, 355
Servettaz, 45
Servit, 374
Sherard, 4, 6, 7
Sibbald, 409
Sibthorp, 9
Sievers, 230
Simonyella Steiner, 324
Siphula Fr., 340
Sirosiphon pulvinatus Bréb., 54
Sloane, 10
Smith, Lorrain, 328
Smith, Sir J. E., 10
Solorina Ach., 56, 63, 85, 94, 135, 136, 168, 175, 176, 183, 287, 337, 392
S. bispora Nyl., 135
S. crocea Ach., 63, 88, 140, 210, 228, 246, 287, 346, 388
S. octospora Arn., 85
S. saccata Ach., 155, 244, 388
S. spongiosa Carroll, 135, 186, 368
Solorinella Anzi, 337
Sorby, 418
Sowerby, James, 10
Speerschneider, 17, 25
Sphaeria Hall., 192, 213
Sphaeriaceae, 307
Sphaerocephalum Web., 9
Sphaerophoraceae, 135, 309, 320
Sphaerophoropsis Wain., 291, 329
S. stereocauloides Wain., 292
Sphaerophorus Pers., 83, 105, 184, 277, 289, 320, 361, 375, 387, 393
S. coralloides Pers., 83 (Fig. 44) (see S. globosus), 355, 375, 387, 388, 389
S. fragilis Pers., 375, 387
S. globosus A. L. Sm., 346
S. stereocauloides Nyl., 135
Sphagnum Dill., 231, 355
Spheconisca Norm., 313
Sphinctrina Fr., 277, 319, 353
Sphyridium byssoides, 177
S. fungiforme Koerb., 177
Spilonema Born., 68, 333
Spirographa A. Zahlbr., 322
Spirogyra Link, 188
Splachnum L., 5
Sporocladus lichenicola Corda, 200
Sporodinia Link, 188
Sporopodium Mont., 327, 352
S. Caucasium Elenk. and Woron., 353
Sprengel, 21, 142, 156, 184
Squamaria DC., 200, 298
S. saxicola, see Lecanora
Stahel, 220
Stahl, 28, 30, 62, 160, 163, 173, 266, 395
Stahlecker, 76, 235, 371, 374
Staurothele Norm., 31, 62, 76, 314
S. clopima Th. Fr., 391
S. clopismoides Anzi, 249
S. hymenogonia A. Zahlbr., 361
S. umbrinum A. L. Sm., 373, 393
Steganosporium cellulosum Corda, 201
Steiner, 75, 179, 190, 198, 215, 276, 312, 353, 389
Steinera A. Zahlbr., 333
Stenberg, 411
Stenhouse and Groves, 228
Stenocybe Nyl., 177, 319
Stereocaulon Schreb., 17, 23, 83, 105, 125, 133, 135, 176, 201, 283, 292, 294, 297, 330, 346, 358, 361, 387
S. alpinum Laur., 137, 346, 387
S. condensatum Hoffm., 319, 388
S. coralloides Fr., 125, 375
S. Delisei Borg., 375
S. denudatum Floerk., 137, 375, 387
S. evolutum Graewe, 375
S. paschale Fr., 211, 372, 385, 391, 401
S. ramulosum Ach., 125, 136
S. salazinum Borg., 227
S. tomentosum Fr., 125, 136, 387
Stereochlamys Müll.-Arg., 316
Stichococcus Naeg., 62
S. bacillaris Naeg., 42
Sticta Schreb., 13, 63, 85, 86, 94, 136, 138, 200, 283, 287, 336, 350, 351, 364, 392
St. aurata Ach., 126, 128, 223, 226, 246, 350
St. crocata Ach., 128, 246
St. damaecornis Nyl., 127 (Fig. 73), 128, 210, 350
St. Dufourei Del., 128
St. fuliginosa Ach., 126, 128, 223
St. intricata Del., 128
St. limbata Ach., 128
St. oregana Tuck., 136, 139
St. sylvatica Ach., 128
St. Wrightii Nyl., 349
Stictaceae, 96, 136, 286, 311, 336, 347, 350, 418
Stictidaceae, 278
Stictina Nyl., 63, 168, 175, 287
Stictis Pers., 278
Stigmatea Fr., 275
Stigonema Ag., 23, 26, 54 (Fig. 20), 68, 136, 283, 284, 310 et seq., 317
S. panniforme Kirchn., 54
Stigonemaceae, 54
Stirton, 331, 350
Stizenberger, 18, 128
Stone, 399
Streptothrix Cohn, 45
Strigula Fr., 60, 65, 288, 318, 353, 363
S. Buxi Chod., 363
S. complanata Mont., 35, 42, 59, 205, 260, 269
S. elegans Müll.-Arg., 205
Strigulaceae, 59, 60, 204, 309, 318, 363
Stüde, 211
Sturgis, 97, 168, 175, 197, 289
Suaeda fruticosa Forsk., 387
Swartz, 10, 152
Swedish moss, 415
Symbiosis, 31
Synalissa Fr., 32, 33, 61, 284, 333, 373
S. symphorea Nyl., 33 (Fig. 10)
Synarthonia Müll.-Arg., 321
Tabernaemontanus, 2
Tapellaria Müll.-Arg., 327
Taylor, 13, 149
Tegeocranus labyrinthicus, 328
Teloschistaceae, 311, 341
Teloschistes Norm., 85, 301, 341
T. chrysophthalmus Th. Fr., 92, 365, 367
T. flavicans Norm., 3, 301, 341, 417
Teras literana, 399
Termes monoceros, 397
Termites, 397
Tetranychus lapidus, 398 (Fig. 126)
Tetrasporaceae, 57
Thamnolia Ach., 83, 101 (see Cerania), 246, 340, 389
Th. vermicularis Schaer., 346, 377
Thamnonia Tuck., 339
Thaxter, 178
Thelenidia Nyl., 314
Thelephora Ehrh., 281, 342
Thelephoraceae, 152, 273
Thelidea Hue, 335
Th. corrugata Hue, 335
Thelidium Massal., 314
Th. microcarpum A. L. Sm., 361
Th. minutulum Koerb., 253, 367
Thelocarpon Nyl., 331
Th. prasinellum Nyl., 367
Th. turficolum Arn., 370
Thelopsis Nyl., 316
Thelotrema Ach., 326, 343
Th. lepadinum Ach., 397
Thelotremaceae, 59, 302, 310, 326, 351, 352
Thelotremei, 353
Theophrastus, 1, 2, 411
Thermutis Fr., 68, 284, 332
Tholurna Norm., 320
Th. dissimilis Norm., 289
Thomas, N., 59
Thrambium Wallr., 192, 314
T. epigaeum Wallr., 254, 367, 368
Thwaites, 17
Thyrea Massal., 284, 333
Thysanothecium Berk. and Mont., 330
T. Hookeri Berk. and Mont., 294
Ticothecium Flot., 275, 319
T. pygmaeum Koerb., 267
Tieghem, Van, 179
Tobler, 43, 50, 148, 224, 253, 263, 265, 280
Tomasiella Müll.-Arg., 317
Toni, De, 60
Toninia Th. Fr., 329
Torrey, 14
Tournefort, 1, 5, 155, 304
Tournesol, 413
Treboux, 40, 42
Trematosphaeropsis Elenk., 266
Tremotylium Nyl., 326
Trentepohlia Born., 26, 30, 34, 59, 75, 78, 232, 246, 276, 278, 287, 289, 291, 309, 316 etc., 343, 352, 365
T. abietina Hansg., 65, 66
T. aurea Mart., 34, 35, 58 (Fig. 29 A), 59
T. jolithus, 223
T. umbrina Born., 22, 34, 58 (Fig. 29 B), 59, 62, 216
Trentepohliaceae, 59, 288, 289
Treub, 28, 394
Treveris, Peter, 2
Tricothelium Müll.-Arg., 318
Trimmatothele Norm., 314
Tripe de Roche, 404
Trypetheliaceae, 309, 317
Trypethelium Spreng., 276, 317, 351, 364
Tubercularia Web., 9
Tuckerman, 15, 136, 339
Tulasne, 17, 25, 46, 70, 123, 159, 187, 189, 192, 193, 200, 204, 263
Turner, Dawson, 14
Tutt, 399
Tylophorella Wain., 320
Tylophoron Nyl., 289, 320
Uhlir, 43
Ulander, 211
Uloth, 233
Umbilicaria, 17, 82, 200, 241, 262, 268, 331
U. pustulata Hoffm., 86, 96, 150, 195, 214, 240, 257, 414
Unguentum Armarium, 407
Unguentum sympatheticum, 407
Urceolaria Ach., 48; see Diploschistes
Urococcus Kütz., 57, 133, 318
Usnea Dill., 1, 3, 7, 9, 83, 111, 195, 213, 233, 257, 268, 269, 300, 304, 305, 340, 347, 348, 351, 361, 408, 419
U. articulata Hoffm., 210, 268
U. barbata Web., 25, 99 (Fig. 58), 104 (Fig. 63 A), 130, 143 (Fig. 82), 167 (Fig. 95), 168, 177, 200, 211, 215, 226, 234, 239, 246, 339, 348, 364, 417
U. ceratina Ach., 227
U. compressa Hill, 8
U. dasypoga Stiz., 359
U. florida Web., 91 (Fig. 52), 92, 210, 213, 348, 363, 411
U. hirta Hoffm., 348, 355, 366
U. laevis Nyl., 177
U. longissima Ach., 85, 99, 102 (Fig. 61), 105 (Fig. 63 B), 106, 215, 348
U. macrocarpa Arn., 177
U. melaxantha Ach., 346
U. plicata Web., 359
U. Taylori Hook., 104
Usneaceae, 299, 311, 339
Vaillant, 6
Vallot, 253
Valsa Fr., 317
Varicellaria Nyl., 337
V. microsticta Nyl., 77, 92, 187 (Fig. 126)
Variolaria Ach. (see Pertusaria), 64, 171, 237
Vaucheria sessilis DC., 65 (Fig. 34)
Ventenat, 21
Verrucaria Web. (non Pers.), 9, 174, 200, 275, 314, 364
V. aethiobola Wahlenb., 391, 392
V. anceps Koerb., 377
V. aquatilis Mudd, 383
V. calciseda DC., 176, 215, 219, 241, 373, 398
V. Dufourii DC., 173
V. fuscella Ach., 373
V. Hoffmanni Hepp; f. purpurascens Arn., 251
V. hydrela Ach., 391, 392
V. lecideoides Koerb., 373
V. maculiformis Krempelh., 379
V. margacea Wahlenb., 391, 392
V. maura Wahlenb., 245, 383, 384, 386
V. memnonia Flot., 383
V. microspora Nyl., 256, 383, 386
V. mucosa Wahlenb., 73, 383
V. muralis Ach., 30, 46 (Fig. 14), 70, 243, 255, 361, 393
V. nigrescens Pers., 56, 254, 369, 377, 392
V. papillosa Ach., 377
V. prominula Nyl., 383
V. rupestris Schrad., 215, 243, 361
V. scotina Wedd., 383
V. striatula Wahlenb., 383
V. viridula Ach., 391
Verrucariaceae, 249, 309, 314, 353, 367
Verrucarites geanthricis Goepp., 354
Verrucula Stein., 265, 276
V. aegyptica Stein., 276
V. cahirensis Stein., 276
Visiani, 405
Volkard, 228, 410
Vouaux, 267
Wahlberg, 11, 168
Wahrlich, 51
Wainio, 31, 48, 70, 112, 114, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 144, 153, 159, 163, 166, 175, 177, 179, 188, 191, 240, 276, 277, 292, 294, 308, 344, 346, 348, 411
Waite, 270
Wallroth, xx, 13, 21, 22, 123, 133, 142, 156, 192, 305
Ward, Marshall, 35, 42, 59
Watson, Sir W., 8
Watson, 365, 373, 385
Watt, 403
Weber, 1, 9
Weddell, 252, 379
Wehmer, 220
Weir, 239
West, G. F., 52, 54, 55, 56
West, W., 225, 233, 357, 374
Wester, 211
Westring, 412
Wettstein, 45
Wheldon, 398
Wheldon and Wilson, 360, 370, 373, 374, 379, 384, 385, 387, 391, 392
Wiesner, 211, 241, 244
Wilde, 395
Wille, 28
Willemet, 10, 401, 415
Wilson, 350
Winter, 30, 138, 263
Winterstein, 209
Wisselingh, 211
Withering, 9
Wolff, 124, 163, 170, 172, 176
Woodward, 152
Woronin, 28
Woronina Cornu, 261
Xanthocapsa (Sect. of gloeocapsa), 52, 63, 284, 332, 373
Xanthoria Th. Fr., 166, 246
X. lychnea Th. Fr., 233, 252, 365, 417
X. parietina Th. Fr., 3, 22, 24, 27, 28, 38, 42, 48 (Fig. 15), 50, 56, 65, 67 (Fig. 36), 86, 164, 176, 189, 195, 200, 224, 225, 227, 231, 232, 241, 242, 253, 269, 270, 301, 341, 348, 351, 360, 369, 373, 376, 380, 383, 384, 386, 397, 406, 416, 418
X. polycarpa Oliv., 365, 390
Xylaria Hill, 12, 421
Xylographa Fr., 278, 322
X. spilomatica Th. Fr., 145
Xyloschistes Wain., 322
Zahlbruckner, A., 19, 59, 60, 66, 69, 275, 284, 308, 335, 413
Zopf, 19, 43, 108, 151, 188, 213, 221, 233, 238, 246, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270, 395, 396, 398, 400, 412, 417
Zukal, 18, 26, 38, 61, 68, 70, 82, 128, 129, 130, 163, 179, 187, 215, 219, 230, 237, 244, 267, 268, 271, 313, 395
Zwelser, 419

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INDEX