Life histories of North American woodpeckers

Chapter 134: Transcriber’s Note:

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A systematic, species-by-species compilation presents detailed life histories of North American woodpeckers, covering recognized subspecies and summarizing geographic ranges. For each taxon it describes plumage and molt sequences, habits of feeding, breeding behavior, nesting sites, egg characteristics with condensed egg-date data, and seasonal movements. Measurements, references to contributors, and methodology for compiling distribution paragraphs and egg records are included, along with brief notes to avoid duplication among subspecies. Color and egg-shape nomenclature follow standard references, and the work emphasizes observational records and museum data assembled from many contributors.

Transcriber’s Note:

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged, as were obsolete and alternative spellings. Eleven misspelled words were corrected.

One footnote was moved to the end of the chapter. Obvious printing errors, such as partially printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added.

In the List of Literature Cited, entry for Burtch, Verdi, the page number was changed from “340-241” to “340-341.”