Life in the forests of the Far East (vol. 2 of 2)

APPENDICES.

APPENDIX A.

DAYAK LANGUAGES.

SAMBAS TO BATANG LUPAR.

In forwarding me the four vocabularies which I now insert, the Rev. William Chalmers mentioned that the Lara people say they came originally from the neighbourhood of Brunei, the capital.

Note.

“The Sarawak Land Dyak is in the dialect of the Sentah tribe. The ū of this tribe is changed into “o” in the other tribes of the river Sarawak. Sentah River is a tributary of the southern branch of the Upper Sarawak.

“The Sadong Dayak is the dialect spoken by the tribes on the river Kadup, a tributary of the Upper Sadong.

“The Lara is a tribe of Upper Sambas, part of which now resides on the Upper Lundu.”

“ē	= English a.
e	= English e in met.
ū	= French u.
ŭ	= English u in cub.
au	= ow in now.
ai	= English i.
ei	= English ay in lay.
ō	= aw in law.
ch final	= German ch.”

——	SARAWAK.	SADONG.	LARA.	SIBUYAU.
Able	shaūn	inshaūn	kaän	bulih
Across (river)	kadipa	sisa	pahja	sebrang
Acquainted with	kŭnyet	ŭmpuon	nŭmparu	tau
Afraid	taru	teroun	buut	takut
Agree	bepaiyu	janggi	bepusun	berjanji
Alligator	buai	buoi	buro	gaiyaŭ
Ant	subi	subi	subē	semut
Angry	boji	deroch	baji	hing-at
Arise from sleep	bura	mungkat	kias	dani
Ataps, leaf mats	ilaŭ	iraŭ	aro	atap
Above	sombu	sombu	samo	atas
All	perūg	samoa	sŭman-man	samoa
Ask (beg)	mite	minta	mahi	minta
Ask (enquire)	sikyen	pŭsik	masikan	tanya
Bathe	mamuch	ngumon	mamu	mandi
Below	ribo, sogan	sigan	saroch	dibahōa
Before	diŭ	taiyŭ	uru	dulu
Behind	di kŭnang	di kŭnang	buntot	dudi
	di sundich	di sundich
Beads	tumbis	tumbis	tumi	marēk
Black	singŭt	bihis	sungut	chelum
Bird	manuk	manok	manuk	burong
Blood	dēya	dēya	daya	daha
Blind	kerak	bŭkap	buta	buta
Break (in two)	pŭtah	pŭtah	patah	patah
Breathe	ngashūng	ngashūng	misingat	sipuat
Burn	mupun	nyahu	nyahu, ninu	tunoh
Bad	arap	bēek	jahē	jai
Boy	anak kŭnya	anak kŭnya	kangot	anak biak
Bachelor	bujang	bujang	bujang	bujang
Brave	pogan	pogan	pagan	brani
Bridge	teboiyan	ŭnyan	titi	andaŭ
BODY (HUMAN)	pŭrūng, tibu	tibo	ungan	tuboh
Head	ubak	bak	abak	pala
Forehead	arū	dēich	kaning	dai
Cheeks	pŭnding	pŭmpi	koko	koyu
Eye	betuch	matuch	matu	mata
Eyebrow	buruch kŭning	buruch kŭning	burun rimin	bulu kanīang
Eyelash	buruch kirat	kilat matuch	burun matu	bulu mata
Nose	unugn	undung	dudugn	idong
Nostrils	rubang unugn	rubang undung	rubang dudugn	lubang idong
Mouth	boba	boba	boba	mulut
Teeth	jipuch	jipun	japu	gigi
Tongue	jura	jilē	rata	dila
Throat	gunggong	tegunggong	gangogn	batang hukōang
Ear	kojit	kŭping	rajak	pundīang
Chin	seraka	raäng	rang	dagu
Hair of head	ubōk	buruch	abōk	buak
Neck	tungō	kukō	jangok	hukōang
Side	tigang	tigahang	silet	husua
Shoulder	kowin	kowi	kaī	bauh
Breast	sudō	ishuk	sadō	dada
Back	punok	jaju	rutuk	blakang
Belly	tain	putong	putugn	pahut
Posterior	kŭnang	pŭmpi kŭnang	rabat	buhīat
Loins	kupong	kupong	apagn	punggōang
Arm–shoulder to elbow	pupung	pumpong	barangu	buah langan
Do.–elbow to wrist	birēng	brungō	baregn	langan
Elbow	sukuch	sikuch	siku	siku
Hand	tŭngan	tŭngan	baregn	jahi
Fingers	trinyu	buah tŭngan	trinyo	tunjōi
Nails	siruch	siruch	siru	kuku
Wrist	brungō	ŭng-gŭm	ladak	angg-am
Thumb	sindu tŭngan	indu tŭngan	indu baregn	tunjōa indu
Thigh	pūūch	pūūch	pa	pa
Calf	bitēs	bitēs	batis	betis
Foot	kŭja	kŭja	kŭja	kaki
Ancle	buku siōk	tulang kelali	matu dudegn	buku alē
Knee	bak karŭb	bak tuod	tukugn	pala patōang
Heel	tiga	peniga	tigak	tumit
Palm	pura tŭngan	pŭpach tŭngan	parapa baregn	tapa jahi
Lips	bibich	bibich	bibich	mulut
Flesh	ishin	isi	inshin	isi
Bones	turang	tulang	turang	tulang
Navel	pŭshid	pŭshid	pusat	pusat
Knuckle	buku tŭngan	bukuck tŭngan	raka	buku tunjōa
Sole	pura kuja	pupach kuja	parapa kuja	tapa kaki
Skin	kurit	kulit	kurit	kulit
BEASTS:–
Deer (rusa)	paiyu	paiyu	anyung	rusa
Monkey (kra)	oyung	kara	kara	kara
Dog	kŭshōng	kosho	kashu	asu
Cat	bushing	sengau	uching	maiau
Pig, domestic	aiyō	pongan	uwē	babi humah
Pig, jungle	pongan	laba	lauk	babi kampong
Rat	babu	babu, jupor	tikus	tikus
Cough (to)	mokūd	mungkud	mukut	batōak
Come	menūg	monūg	utung	datei
Cold	mŭdud	bŭbi, madud	sangu	chilap
Cry out	nai kiak	siak	ngampak	nyawa
Cry (weep)	sien	nŭngis	munse	nyabak
Cook	tanuk	nŭnuk	nanuk	nyumai
Companion	dingān	dingan	agē	pangan
Commit adultery	tŭngach	nyowang	bebaiyu	bambai
Covet	lipōng	kilek	murun	dika
Cut	kapūg	kapūg	mŭmagn	putus
Come out	ruach	luach	mungkas	pansut
DRESS:–
Jacket	jipō	bojuch	jūpo	baju
Head-dress	bung ubōk burang	tundō	bung abak	labōang
Petticoat	jomuch	jomuch	jamu	kaiin
Trowsers	sinyang	saluar	salauar	tanchúat
“Chawat”	tāup	tahup	patung	sihat
“Tambok”	juach	juach	jua	jua
Do., small, worn on the side	tambōk	tungking	tokeng	tambōak
Pinang knife	sinda	sinda	sunda	lungga
Sheath of Pinang knife	randung	landong	sario	bandōang
Parang	bukō tŭkin	bukō	bai	isau
Sheath of do.	sibōng	sibōng	dohong	tangkin
Day	ŭnu	onu	ano	ahi
Dance	berejang	belangi	nari	ngigal
Drink	nōk	nyūhūp	man pain	nyihup ai
Dumb	bawa, baku	kaku	awa	bisu
Deaf	bongam	tebodung	būngal	mandap
Destroy	rusak	rusak	rusak	husak
Divide	kutung	bedodŭg	punugn	daman
Doctor, to (bilian)	būrich, nguri	...	...	bilian
Doctor, a (male)	dayah beruri	...	...	manang
Do. (female)	bŭrich	dayung pancha,.br> bŭrich	bari	...
Door	tiban	jigan	pintu	pintu
Dead	kŭbūs	kŭbūs	kabia	mati
Diligent	gŭgach	rijung	gŭgah	hajin
Enough	raput, sedang	luput	chukup	umbas
Eat	man	maän	uman	makai
Egg	turoch	ŭntulo	tura	telo
Enter	murūt	murūt	maru	masōk
Enemy	pūngănyu	pŭngaiyu	pengaiyu	munsoh
Fire	opui	opui	api	api
Forbidden (tabooed)	pūrich	pŭrich	pari	mali
Fish	ikyen	ikan	ikan	lawak
Fly (a)	tura	tura	nyamok	lalat
Fly (to)	mukābur	ŭnchaling, [mobur	mibir	terbang
Fat	gŭmu	...	manu	gumu
Fowl	siōk, siap	siōk, siap	siap	manok
Fall (“jatoh”)	rŭbu	rŭbu	mana	labōa
Forget	kambut	ngkomut	karimut	lupa
Father	sama	ŭmang	sama	apai
Firefly	bŭkarūp	ŭngkarup	kalamiu	chutlut
FRUIT:–
Durian	dēan	dihŭn	dihan	hian
Plantain	borak	pisang	barak	pisang
Mangustin	sikuk	gunau	sikuk	langaiīn
Langsat	lishēt	lashat	sarikan	langsat
Go	ŭdi	oji	ana	jalei
Go up	maäd	nyumak	maka	niki
Go down	mun	muhun	disa	nuhun
Girl	anak dayung	anak dayung	angot	anak biak indu
Grown up (as brushwood, selut)	jukut	jukut	abut	sikut
Get	dapūd	dapud	daput	tŭmu
Gape (yawn)	kuab	ngkuhab	chabun	nguap
Good	rŭmus	paguch	lŭmus	badas
God	Tŭpa	Tŭmpa	Penita	Batara
Give	nyen, jugan	jugon	mangkan	bahi
Glad	raän, awang	kira, awang	rēpo	dika-hati
Gold	berowan	berowan amas	berawan	mas
HOUSE:–Outside	rŭmin	rŭmin	rŭmin	humah
platform	tŭnyu	tonyu	bŭntahan	tanyu
Common room	awach	awach	sambi	ruei
Private room	arūn	rŭmin	ohang	lawang
Garret	rŭnga	rŭnga	rŭnga	sadau
High	omu	sŭmu	nyŭmu	tinggi
Hill	derūd	darūd	munggu	bukit
Hide	chukān	nyukān	nukan	lalei
Hungry	seburūk	seburūk	seburuk	lapah
Hear	dinga	ngŭping	danga	dingah
Husband	bonūch	bonūch	banun	laki
Hot (“panas”)	sura	nyowa, shiru	jera	panas
Hot (“angat”)	paras	paras	paras	angat
Is	ŭgi	aduch	uni	bisi
Is not	meting, doi	kadū aduch	kati	nadai
		inyap raiya
Jump over	menyakir	melompat	nyantang	merejōak
	merejok
Jump down	ngŭngung	ŭmpapu	nyangugn	trajun
Jungle	tarun	tarun	tarun	kampong
Kneel	sedikang	unyuch	nungkogn	nyerunkōang
Keep (“pliara”)	kiugat	nagoch	ngingu	ibun
	nguän	nyingat
Know	puän	ŭmpuon	penanē	tau, numŭ
Kill	siū	kenobūs	ngamis	bunoh
Large	bās	bahas	aihyo	besei
Lazy	sorut	bojag	ŭga	kelalāh
Lean	mănyuch	kurus	kurus	kuhus
Light, in weight	jangan	nyangan	nyaän	lempōang
Little, quantity	shīt	ichīuk	igēat	sikēat
Long	omu	ombuch	ŭngho	panjei
“Lesong” (a mortar)	lishōng	lesong	rensungan	lesong
“Alu” (a pestle)	aruch	alu	aru	alu
Laugh	tawūch	natau	guluk	tawa
Lie down	guring	ngulēng	guring	gali
Lie (speak falsely)	kādong	mudōng	lachē	bula
Many	bogū	tŭbun	kara	banyau
Melt	ririch	lilich	luluch	anchuah
Merciful	masi	masi	masē	kaseh
Moon	buran	buran	buran	bulan
Mother	sindu	aiyang, ŭndu	sindo	indei
Morning	ishan-ishan	pagi	ngakap ano	magi-pagi
Mat (“klasa”)	kasa	krŭsah	bidē	bidei
Mat (“tikar”)	ŭmok	ŭmak	bido	klaia
Man	dayah, naän	nūūch, inya	soök	ohang
Musquito	prungang	prunggang	pŭntujok	hyamōak
Mud	Jijūb	jijub	lulok	hubōah
Night	ngarūm	ngarūm	ngarum	malam
New	baüch	baüch	bahu	bahu
Not	dūch	kadū	kati	adai, nda
Not (do)	ma	ba		anang
Now	madin	matē	mati dia	kamaia tu
Name	adūn	gŭnŭn	gaän	nama
Noon	yun ŭnu	narang onu	tŭno ano	s’tengah ahi
Old, man	nyamba	nya tuüch	ŭma	tuei
Old, thing	ŭma	dŭmba	tuhi	lama
Oil	inyō	inyō	aiyan	minyak
Open (to)	kuka	tuhas	nukas	silak
Other	bŭkūn	bukūn	lain	lnin
Outside	disopa	luäch sopa	sato	di luäch
One	ni	indi	ŭsa	sa
Once	ni, sidach	ni, idah	nisidah	sekali
Parang, forge a	moba	ngoba	maba	tŭmpa
Posts	rōs	oros	nahi	tiang
Poor	cherāta	babō	papa	seranta
Provisions	onyad	bokol	sanga	bekal
Perspiration	udās	udās	adas	peloh
“Pinang” (betel nut)	baï	pinang, bahai	ohē	pinang
Put down	na	jimpan	nana	ŭngkah
Put by	nikūa	jimpan	mogan	simpan
Paddy	padi	padi	padē	padi
Pleasant	sidi	sidi	ahwan	nyamei
Quickly	likas	pantas	japat	lekas
Red	birē	ŭnchalak	teransak	mirah
Return	mŭri	maring	urē	pulei
Remember	ingat	tian	ingat	ingat
Road	ŭran	jŭran	pagala	jalei
“Rotan”	wi	wi	wē	hutan
Remove (pindah)	beringar	berpindah	pindah	pindah
Run away	bu	buhu	boho	lari
Rotten	modām	modam	modam	buhua
Receive	kambat	kira	nyamut	terima
Rice	bras	bras, boru	nahas	bahas
boiled	tubi	sungkoi	nasi	asi
Straight	tŭnggūn	bujog	tamut	luhus
Strike (pukul)	mukōng	nŭntong	mangkugn	palu
Sick	mŭnam	mŭnam	ŭnam	pedīas
Short	purok	kŭdūk	punok	pandak
Sleep	būūs	būūs	buus	tindōak
Sun	betuch ŭnu	matūch shiru	matu ano	mat’ari
Stars	bintang	bintang	bintang	bintang
Shut (to)	tup	punut, tutu	tutup	tutup
Sandfly	biās	sirap	bihas	singīat
Scald	rāus	rōus	batu	angus
See	kirich	tŭbūk	mēlē	peda
Sharp	roja	roja	ruja	tajam
Shake, to (neuter)	beguyut	guyut	begotē	beguyu
Speak	mīnyu, sinda	besinda	kaséna	bejako
Sneeze	pasin	bekuchēsh	berusun	berkasi
Sit down	guru	ngulu	munyung	duduk
Stand up	mejōg	mijōg	agun	berdiri
Spider	tŭka	ŭngkŭka	ŭnga	tampa lawa
Steal	nŭku	nŭngku	nangko	chuhi
Sweet	nibŭnyich	sija	mamis	manis
Squeeze	pishū	michet	ngerachet	pichīat
Satiated	bisoch	bisō	baso	kenyang
Spacious	baiya tawash	nyowa	tawas	tawas
Sorry	susah-ŭtin	susah-ati	suba-latē	tusah
Small (size)	shīt	ichīŭk	inek	mukat, miet
“Sirih”	baïd	baïd	uït	sirih
Sky	lŭngit	langit	langit	langit
Snake	jipūch	nyipuch	nipa	ulah
Spit	ngiruja	nguruja	ngeruja	berludah
Spittle	ruja	rēyang	rayang	ai lioch
Stop (to)	rūū, mōkō	ngŭndei	madi	bado
Still (to be)	rūū	mŭndu	moko	diaû
Take	mit	tumit	tangkap	ambi
Touch	tŭma	tŭgūch	nyankam	jamah
Track	arōk, inyak	indich	tawan, aju	bakaŭ
To-morrow	sepagi	pagi	jakap	pagi
This	ati, iti, anū	siti, siech	dia	tu
That	ajech, inū	saäch	kako, tēan	nyun
Throw away	taran	bŭtan	matan	buei
Thirsty	bodūch ashūng	haus	karing ashung	haûs
Vegetables	kudōsh	ŭngkŭnūch	apu	daûn kayu
Wing	orad	arad	arat	sayap
White	buda	buda	ranagu	putih
Well (baik)	kena	paguch	baik	baiak
Walk	ponu	jalan	berjalan	bejalei
Woman	dayung	dayung	mahu	indu
Wife	sowūn	ŭshaū	saûun	bini
Water	piīn	umon	paīn	ai
Weary	kowūk	kunyoch	tukur	lelak
Wind (the)	sobak	mohu	nyaru	angin
Worms (stomach)	regyu	ŭngkiho	biar	belut
Work (to)	kamīnyang	kaminyang	mukut	jama
What?	uni, mani	ŭnich	jai	aû
Whither?	kamaki	gupich	kumē	kini
Whence?	so aki	sopich	utung adumē	arini
Who?	osi	osi	asi	apa
Young	mura	ŭngōd	angot	mudei
Yesterday	ŭnu mījach	ngŭndu	rami	kamahi
Year	sawa	sowa	sawa	taun
PRONOUNS:–
I	aku	aku	ikin	aku
Thou	kuu	omu	ako	kōa
He	eiyūch	aiyech	ini	tu
We	kiech	ami	kaī	kami (exclusive of persons addressed.) kitei (inclusive.)
Ye	ŭngan	kita	akum	kita
They	eiyūch	aiyech	ini	tu
NUMERALS:–
One	ni, ikan
Two	duūch
Three	taru
Four	pat
Five	rimūch
Six	num
Seven	juh
Eight	maï
Nine	priï
Ten	simūng

I add now a short vocabulary, forwarded to me by the Rev. William Gomez, who has been stationed at Lundu during many years. It involves a little repetition, but is useful to compare with that collected by the Rev. William Chalmers. By Lundu, Mr. Gomez refers to the original inhabitants of that river.

Names of Ten Men and Women in the Tribe.

Husband.	Wife.
1. Kalong, O. K.	Gunja.
2. Gali	Binda.
3. Langi	Rinja.
4. Itak	Indak.
5. Samuling	Rimba.
6. Nyinkong	Jeba.
7. Bulang	Mingga.
8. Lunsong	Burong.
9. Mangga	Sara.
10. Sageng	Tamo.

Heights.

MEN.
OK Istia Rajah	5 ft.	2½	in.
Garai	5 ft.	4	in.
Bulang	5 ft.	3	in.
Jinal	4 ft.	10½	in.
Lunsong	4 ft.	11	in.
WOMEN.
Pungut	5 ft.
Ria	4 ft.	10½	in.

Specimens of the Dayak Language.

——	SABUYAU.	LARA.	SALAKAU.	LUNDU.
NUMERALS:–
One	sa	asa	asa	ni
Two	dua	dua	dua	duo
Three	tiga	taru	talu	taru
Four	ampat	apat	ampat	pat
Five	lima	rima	lima	rimo
Seven	tujoh	ijo	tujoh	jo
Eight	lapan	mahi	delapan	mahi
Nine	sambilan	pire	sambilan	pire
Ten	sapuloh	sapuloh	sapuloh	samoong
Waist	punggong	apakng	pinggang	kupong
Navel	pusat	pusat	pusat	pesud
Knee	pala paton	tukung	tuut	bakorob
Foot	kaki	kaja	paha	po, on
Heel	tumbit	tigak	tumit	tiga
Skin	kulit	kurit	ku, it	kulit
Bone	tulang	turakng	tuang	tulang
Flesh	isi	insin	isi	daging
Sinew	uhat	uhat	urat	at
Milk	susu	susu	susu	sisun
Heart	ati	ate	hati	atin
Spleen	kuha	kura	kura	kura
Gall	umpadu	umpadu	padu	podun
Brains	untak	untuk	otak	otuk
Blood	daha	daya	darah	daya
Spittle	di lioh	rayakng	ai uja	royang
Snivel	insak	buduk	edoh	dok
Tears	ai mata	pain matu	ai mata	eu boton
Perspiration	peloh	adas	pau	das
Dandriff	daki	dunuk	dati	ing
Pus	nana	penunu	nana	penona
Face	mua	bahas	muha	jawin
Dumb	bisu	awa	awa
Deaf	bengal	bagi	banga	bangam
Blind	buta	buta	buta	buta
Dimness	ulon	kabor	kabor	kabor
Stammer	kat	mah	awah	awah
Silly	budon	bagah	bagah	budoh
Mad	gila	gila	gila	gila
Cough	batok	mukut	batok	mukud
Boil	bisul	tampusu	bisoan	perkis
Sea	laut	laut	laut	kirekng
Sun	matahari	matoano	mata ari	mata nanu
Moon	bulan	buran	buan	bulan
Star	bintang	bintang	bintang	bintang
Light	trang	tawas	tarang	java
Darkness	petang	petakng	petang	mapong
Heat	panas	jara	darang	putek
Cold	chelap	panut	dingin	modud
Cloud	remang	rahu	niga	gening ayong
Lightning	kilat	kilat	elak	kilat
Thunder	guntoh	guntor	guntor	dudu
Rainbow	unggoaja	meraje	antu ai	berengan
Mankind	manusia	sok	manusia	nyaah
Man	ohang laki	areh	angaki	nyaah dadari
Woman	ohang indoh	mahu	ang bini	dayung
Body	tuboh	ungan	tuboh	genan
Hair	bok	abok	bu, uk	bok
Head	pala	abak	kapala	bak
Forehead	dahi	kaning	kaning	uru
Temples	pisan	kingkek	tangengeng	ponyip
Eyebrow	bulu keneng	bulu rimin	bulu ramang	kening
Eye	mata	matu	mata	botun
Ear	pendeng	rajak	tere, nyek	kajip
Nose	idong	dudukng	idong	nogong
Cheek	pipi	kuko	koko	panig, ng
Mouth	mulut	baba	mulut	beba
Tongue	dila	rata	jia	jera
Lip	mulut	bibih	bibir	bibin
Teeth	gigi	japu	gigi	jupon
Neck	hakong	jangok	tegeh	tungoh
Chin	dagu	rākng	jago	rang
Back	blakang	rutuk	ba, ikang	punok
Feet	kaki	kaja	paha	po, on
Hand	langan	barekng	angan	tangan
Chest	dada	sadoh	dada	sodo
Finger	tunjok	terinyo	kukot	terinyo
Nails	kuku	siru	kuku	sirun
Stomach	prut	putukng	parut	tain
Fire	api	api	api	apoi
Smoke	asap	asup	asap	asu
Rain	hujan	hujan	hujan	jan
Wind	angin	nyaru	angin	sebak
Storm	bahat	tupan	nyaru	ribut
Sand	paseh	krasik	krasik	sumat
Stone	batu	batu	batu	batu
Mountain	bukit	mungu	bukit	doron
Hill	munggu	muton	muton	motang
Mud	reboh	paya	ochak	rapak