Lightships and Lighthouses

INDEX

• Aberbrothock, Abbot of, 96
• Acetylene: as illuminant, Daléngas, 49, 274;
• systems for floating lighthouses, 238, 278, 285–95;
• cost of lighting by, 282;
• dissolved, French system of using, 291;
• use in Sweden, 291–94
• Acetylene gun, the, 68–71
• Admiralty, the: adoption of the siren, 60–61;
• use of the Wigham light, 296
• Adriatic shoreline, 203
• “Aga” principle of lighting, 274, 277, 291, 293;
• adopted by the United States, 294–95
• Ailly, Pointe d’, 303
• Ailsa Crag, system of fog-signalling, 63–65, 66
• Alaska: trade of, 173;
• controlled by the Lighthouse Board, 206;
• unattended lighthouses, 277;
• coastline 284
• Alderney coastline, 12–13
• Alexander, Lieutenant B. S., the Minot’s ledge-light, 8, 179
• Alexandria, Pharos of, 2–3
• Allerton Point lighthouse, 6
• Altacarry Head, 313
• Ambrose Channel, 251
• American Thimble Shoal lighthouse, 308
• Amour Point light, 169
• Anderson, Lieutenant-Colonel William P., 172, 174, 217
• Anglo-Saxon, Allan liner, wreck, 163–64
• Anticosti, 171
• Antifer, Cap d’, lighthouse, 39
• Antipodes, the, 239
• Arbroath, 97
• Arena Point, 204
• Argand burner, the, 47, 55, 79, 219
• Argyll, Duke of, 115;
• lays foundation-stone of Skerryvore, 105
• Ar-men light, Finisterre, 20–24
• Arthur, Port, 214, 217
• Assyrian, the, wreck, 164
• Astoria, 13, 185, 188, 193
• Auckland coastline, 236, 237, 238
• harbour, 238
• Islands, 239
• Auer, Dr. von, the incandescent mantle, 47–48
• Australia: lighthouses of, 229–39;
• unattended lighthouses, 283
• Austria, lighthouses, 48
• Bache, General Hartmann, 63;
• Brandywine Shoal light, 200–201
• “Back lights,” 20
• Ballantyne, A., the Tillamook Rock lighthouse, 185–95
• Ballycastle, 313
• Baltic Sea, unattended lighthouses of the, 274, 278, 291
• Bar lightship, Mersey, 240
• Barnard, General, the Minot’s Ledge light, 178–82
• Barra Head, 113
• Barra Island, 113
• Barsier rock, 269
• Bauld Cape light, 169
• “Bay of the Dead,” Finisterre, 21, 22
• Beachy Head lighthouse, 24–27, 94
• Belfast, 306
• Bell Rock lighthouse, 9;
• lighting, 53;
• fog-signals, 59;
• the reef, 96–97
• Bell-buoys, 68
• Belle Ile, 51;
• the beacons, 169;
• the Northern light, 170–71;
• the Southern light, 169;
• the auxiliary light, 169–70;
• isolation of, 171
• Belle Ile, Straits of, 162, 163, 169
• Bells: on lighthouses, 58;
• submarine, 249–50
• Biscay, Bay of, gales, 3–4
• Bishop Rock lighthouse, 38, 51, 81–87
• Black Prince, the, in Gascony, 4
• Black Sea, lighthouses on the, 18–19
• Blau liquid gas, 48–49
• “Blowing-holes,” 62–63
• Bluff, the, 236
• Bois Blanc Island, 211
• Bordeaux, trade of, 3–4
• Boston Harbour: lighting, 6, 33–4, 196;
• Minot’s Ledge light, 176–82
• Bothnia, Gulf of, unattended lighthouses, 268, 274
• Bounty Islands, 239
• Bourdelles, M., investigations, 56, 219
• Brandywine Shoal light, 200–201
• Brebner, Alexander, 117
• “Breeches-buoy,” used at Tillamook Rock, 187–89
• Bréhat, Heaux de, Reynaud’s tower, 149–53
• Bréhat, Isle of, 149
• Bremerhaven, 132, 138, 139, 141
• Brett, Cape, lighthouse, 238
• Brewster, Sir David, lighting methods, 29
• Bridges and Roads, Department of, 148
• Bristol Channel: the Flat Holme light, 7;
• unattended lighthouses, 278–79
• British Columbia coastline, 284
• Brittany coastline, 148
• Brothers light, the, 234–35
• Bull Rock lighthouse, 39
• Bullivant cableways, 25–26
• Bungaree Norah. See Norah Head
• Buoys: bell and whistle, 68;
• gas-buoys, 244;
• the Willson, 286–89;
• combined light and whistling, 290
• Büsun, 226
• Byron Bay, 232
• Byron Cape, 232
• Cabrillo Point light, 205
• Calf Rock light, 123
• California coastline, 204
• Campbell, General, 270
• Campbell Island, 239
• Canadian Marine Department, 8;
• systems of building, 18–19;
• fog-signalling apparatus, 66–68;
• lighting of the coastline, 161–75;
• lighting of the Great Lakes, 208–17;
• floating lighthouses, 286
• Caribou Island lighthouse, 216–17
• Carmel Head, 94
• Carolina, North, 240
• Carrington, W. H. T., 25
• Casquets lighthouse: the approach to, 12–13;
• keepers of the, 314
• Castle Point lighthouse, 238
• Casuarina Island, 55
• Catoptric system of lighting, 28
• Centre Island lighthouse, 237
• Chance Bros. and Co.: systems of lighting, 33, 36, 42, 55, 256;
• the hyperradiant method, 38–39;
• lenses, 40;
• clockwork mechanism, 43–44;
• the incandescent mantle, 48;
• works carried out by, 53, 222
• Channel Islands coastline, 269
• Charles, Cape, 200
• Chatham Island, 239
• Chauffer, the, 4–6
• Chesapeake Bay lights, 199, 200, 308
• Chicken Rock light, 9, 94, 238
• China, coast-lighting, 258–59
• Clear, Cape, 121
• Coffin Island, 171
• Cohasset Rocks, 177
• Colchester Reef lighthouse, 210, 216
• Colfax: “Miss Colfax’s light,” 315–16
• Collinson, Sir Richard, rocket system invented by, 58–59
• “Colossus,” the Rothersand caisson, 138–9
• Colton family, the, 170
• Columbia River, 183, 184, 185
• Colza oil as illuminant, 46, 47
• Concrete, reinforced, use of, 18, 174
• Cook’s Strait, 233, 234, 237
• Cordouan, rocks of, 4
• Cordouan, Tour de, 4–5, 30
• Cornish plunderers of the Wolf Rock, 88
• Corunna lighthouse, 3
• Couedie, Cap de, lighthouse, 55
• Courtenay, whistling device, 290
• Creach, electric light at, 156
• Daboll, C. L., invention of the trumpet fog-signal, 59, 60
• Dalén, Gustaf: the sun-valve, 49;
• system of lighting, 274, 275, 291;
• unattended lights, 269;
• honour for, 291 note;
• experiments, 292–93
• Danger Point, 230
• Darling, Grace, 95, 314
• Daudet, Alphonse, “Phares de Sanguinaires,” 93
• Delaware Bay, 143, 199, 200
• Denmark, coastline, lighting, 48
• Detroit River, Lower, 208
• “Deviline” toy whistle, 61
• Dewey, Admiral, 310
• Dhu-Heartach lighthouse, 9, 107, 113–20, 311
• Diamond Shoal, dangers of, 205–6;
• the lightship, 251–53
• “Diaphone,” the, 67, 68, 165
• Dieppe, 303–304
• Differential arc, use of, 227–28
• Dioptric system of lighting, 37, 220
• Disappointment Cape lighthouse, 186
• Distances, table of, 52
• “Divergence,” 39
• Dog Island lighthouse, 237
• Doty burner, the, 238
• “Double-shell” principle of construction, 200
• Douglass, Sir James: design for the new Eddystone, 78–80;
• preservation of the Bishop Rock, 86–87;
• system of lighting, 223
• Douglass, William, and the Fastnet, 123
• Dover Harbour lightship, 245
• Dover, the pharos at, 3
• Doyle Fort, 271–74
• Drummond Castle, wreck, 148
• Dues, lighthouse, 4, 7, 239
• Duluth, 214
• Duncansby Head, 108
• Dunedin, N.Z., 236
• Dungeness light, 94
• Dunkirk, 249
• Earraid, 115, 116
• East Cape, N.Z., 236
• East Indies Archipelago, 257
• Eddystone lighthouse: lighting of, 38, 41, 55;
• fog-signals, 59;
• description, 72, 82;
• the Winstanley construction, 73–4;
• John Rudyerd’s lighthouse, 74, 75, 94;
• Smeaton’s work, 75, 78, 80;
• the Douglass tower, 78–80;
• keepers of, 311
• “Eddystones,” 72
• Edinburgh, Duke of, 79
• Egmont, Cape, 233
• Electricity: as luminant, 50–51, 148, 218, 295–96;
• used in operation of derrick, 159
• Eider lightship, 249
• Erie, Lake, 208, 216
• Estevan Point light, 174
• Fair Isle lighthouse, 39
• “Family of Engineers (A),” 8–9
• Faraday, Professor, 218
• Farallon Beacon, 205
• Farallon Isles, fog-signalling on, 63
• Farne Islands, 95, 314
• Faro, the, 3
• Fastnet lighthouse, 121–31;
• lighting, 41;
• keepers, 311
• Ferro-concrete, use in construction, 18–19
• Feu-éclair, the, 56
• Finisterre, Cape, 3;
• the Ar-men light, 20–24
• Fire Island lighthouse, 250
• Fire Island lightship, 240, 242, 250
• Fisher’s Island Sound, 203
• Flamborough Head light, 95
• Flannen Islands lighthouse, 9, 113;
• disappearance of keepers, 313–14
• Flat Holme light, the, 7
• Florida coastline, 201
• “Focal point,” 39
• Fog-signals: discharge of guns, 57–58;
• rockets, 58–59;
• explosion of gun-cotton, 59;
• the Daboll trumpet, 59–60;
• the siren, 60–62;
• blowing-holes, 62–63;
• installation on Ailsa Crag, 63–66;
• diaphone on Ailsa Crag, 66–68;
• the acetylene gun, 68–71;
• diaphone at Cape Race, 165;
• Belle Ile diaphone, 170
• Foix, Louis de, 4–5, 8
• Forfarshire, the, 95, 314
• Forteau Bay, 169
• Forth, Firth of, lighthouses in, 7, 218–19
• Fourteen Foot Bank, 132, 143–47
• Foveaux Strait, 237
• Fowey Rocks lights, 201–3
• French coast: lighting of, 148;
• lightships, 243, 249
• French Lighthouse Commission (1811), 29
• Fresnel, Augustin: system of lighting, 28, 33, 286;
• adopted by the United States, 36
• Gap Rock lighthouse and signal-station, 264
• Gas Accumulator Company, of Stockholm, 49, 274, 291
• Gas as illuminant, the incandescent mantle, 47–48
• Gasfeten tower, 274
• Gedney’s Channel, lighting of, 295–96
• General Superintendent of Lights, office of, 197–98
• Georgian Bay, 216
• Gerholmen light-boat, 294
• Germany: coastline of, lighting, 48, 50–51;
• the lightship service, 249–50
• Gironde lighthouse, 19
• Gironde, the, rocks of the estuary, 3–4
• Goodwin Sands, 205, 240, 244–45, 248
• Grand Banks, the, 163
• Grande Braye Rock, 296
• Grand Trunk Pacific, 173
• Granite, use of, 18
• Great Lakes of North America: lighting of the, 27, 173, 208–17;
• Lighthouse Board, control of, 206;
• floating lighthouses, 286
• Green Cape lighthouse, 232–33
• “Grouting,” 27
• Guantanamo Bay, 308
• Guernsey coast lighthouse, 9, 16;
• unattended lights, 269
• Gun-cotton, explosion of, 58, 59
• Halifax Harbour: lights, 192;
• the “Outer Automatic,” 290
• Halpin, George, the Fastnet lighthouse, 121–23, 129
• Hand Deeps, 79
• Hanois lighthouse, 16
• Hargreaves, Riley and Co., 260
• Harkort, Society of, Duisburg, 133–34:
• the Rothersand contract, 136–43
• Hatteras, Cape: coastline, 147, 251–53;
• sandbanks, 205–6, 240
• Hauraki Gulf, 238
• Hawaiian Islands, 206
• Hebrides, lighthouses of the, 112, 313
• Heligoland lighthouse, 133, 218;
• use of the rocket system, 59;
• the electric installation, 224–26
• Hellespont, Sigeum lighthouse, 2
• Henlopen Cape, light, 199
• Hennebique system, 260
• Henry, Cape, lighthouse, 20, 199–200
• Héve, Cape, lighthouse, 218, 219
• Hinemoa, New Zealand Government steamer, 235, 236, 238
• Hoheweg lighthouse, 138
• Hole-in-the-Wall, Vancouver, 174
• Holland coastline, 48
• Holmes, Professor, fog-horns, 60–62, 64, 66, 218
• Holophotal revolving apparatus, 33
• Hong-Kong, 264
• “Hoo-doo,” 91
• Horaine, plateau of, 153–56
• Horn, Cape, 268
• Hornum light, the electric installation, 226–28
• Howe, Cape, 230, 232
• Huddart Parker, liner, wreck, 236
• Hudson Bay coastline, 268
• Hugo, Victor, “The Toilers of the Sea,” 269
• Hunting Island tower, South Carolina, 19–20
• Huron, Lake, 211
• Hynish harbour, 107
• “Hyperradiant,” the, 37, 41;
• the quicksilver trough, 42–43
• “Ice-breakers,” 201
• “Ice-stoves,” 200–201, 210
• Inchcape. See Bell Rock
• Ingrey, Charles, scheme for Ailsa Crag, 64, 66
• Invercargill, 237
• Iona, 100
• Ireland, Congested Districts Board beacons, 282–83
• Irish lights, Commissioners of, 7;
• the Fastnet, 123, 127
• Iron, use in construction, 19–20
• Islay, 298
• Jamaica coastline, lighting, 283
• Japan, coastline, lighthouses, 9–10, 257–58
• Java, 257
• Jersey coastline, 243
• Jument of Ushant, 156, 160
• Karachi, unattended light, 281
• Kavanagh, James, the Fastnet, 125, 128
• “Kingdom of Heaven,” 92
• Labrador coastline, 169, 268
• Lagerholmen lighthouse, 278
• Lampaul, Bay of, 157
• Land’s End coastline, 247
• Lard-oil as fuel, 46, 47
• Leasowe lighthouse, 16;
• fire at, 309
• Lenses, preparation, 39, 40
• Lewes, Delaware, 144
• Lewis, Isle of, 113
• Lewis, Winslow, invention of, 34, 35
• “Light-boats,” 294
• Lighthouse Board, U.S.A., 178–79
• Lighthouse dues, origin, 4, 7;
• levy of, 7, 239
• Lighthouse Literature Mission, 306
• Lighthouses, construction of, 174;
• wooden towers, 198;
• electric, of the world, 218–28;
• unattended, 267–83;
• floating, 284–300
• Lighting: candles, 33;
• Fresnel system, 28–33;
• holophotal revolving apparatus, 33;
• hyperradiants, 33–41;
• sperm-oil, 46;
• colza-oil, 46–47;
• lard-oil, 46, 47;
• petroleum, 47–48, 296–98;
• paraffin, 47–48;
• oil-gas, 48–49, 296;
• various gases, 49–50;
• electric lighting, 50–51, 148, 295–96;
• acetylene system, 69–71, 238, 291
• Light-keepers, life of the, 301–17
• Lights: wood or coal in open braziers, 28;
• tallow candles, 28;
• indentification of, 32;
• classification of, 37, 44–45;
• “divergence,” 39;
• focal point, 39;
• white and coloured, 45–46;
• candle-power, 51, 53;
• subsidiary, 53–55;
• duration of flash in revolving, 55–56
• Lightships: the Stevenson unattended, 70;
• maintenance of, 240–41;
• description, 241–42;
• the Minquiers light, 243–44;
• average crew for, 244–45;
• incidents, 244–55;
• illuminating apparatus, 255–57
• “Light valve,” the Dalén, 275–78
• Lipson’s Reef, 55
• Little Brewster Island lighthouse, 196–197
• Lizard Head, 72, 82, 94
• Lizard lighthouse, 94, 218
• Lloyd’s, signalling-station at the Fastnet, 131
• Longfellow, lines to Minot’s Ledge light, 176
• Longships light, 82, 92, 311
• Longstones lighthouse, 95, 314
• Louis XIV. and the Eddystone, 75
• Lundy Island, 92
• Lupata, sailing-ship, wreck, 183
• Lusitania, French emigrant steamer, wreck, 164
• Ly-ce-moon, steamer, wreck, 233
• Mackinac, Strait of, 211
• Macquarie, tower, 231
• Magellan, Straits of, 268;
• unattended lighthouses, 274–75
• Malacca Straits lighthouse, 257;
• One Fathom Bank, 259–64
• Malay Peninsula, 257
• Malcolm Baxter Junior, schooner, collision with the lighthouse, 308
• Man, Isle of, Chicken Rock light, 94
• Manacles, wrecks on the, 7
• Manilla, 310
• Manora breakwater, the Wigham light, 281
• Manora Point light, Karachi, 39–41
• Maria Van Diemen, Cape, lighthouse, 237, 238
• Marine and Fisheries, Department of, Canada, 171
• Marine Department, New Zealand, 233
• Matthews, Sir Thomas, 26;
• light designed by, 278–79, 299
• May, Isle of, lighthouse, 7, 218–23
• Megantic, White Star liner, 313
• Meldrum, Sir John, the North Foreland lighthouse, 81
• Mendocino, Cape, lighthouse, 204–5
• Ménier, Henri, 171
• Mercury float, the, 42, 43, 56
• Meriten (De), dynamos, 221, 223
• Mersey lightship, 240
• Mew Island lighthouse, 38, 41
• Mexico, Gulf of, coastline, 201
• Michigan City Harbour light, 315–16
• Michigan Lake, lighting of, 208, 211, 214, 215, 217
• Minches, the, 112, 113
• Minnehaha, wreck of the, 82, 83
• Minot’s Ledge light, 11, 74, 204;
• Captain Swift’s tower, 176–78;
• General Barnard’s structure, 178–82
• Minquiers lightship, 243–44
• Mohegan wreck, 7
• Moko Hinou, 238
• Monach Island light, 113
• “Monolithic” method of construction, 16–19
• Montagu Island lighthouse, 30–31
• Monterey Bay, 315
• Morocco, Cape Spartel light, 207
• Moye system of lighting, 69
• Muckle Flugga, 109–112
• Mull, Isle of, 102, 115
• Mull of Kintyre, 108
• Murray, Hon. A., 260
• Nantucket Shoals lightship, 250
• Navesink lighthouse, 51, 218
• Needles light, the, 94
• New Jersey coastline, 218
• New London, Connecticut, Race Rock lighthouse, 203–4
• New South Wales, lighthouses of, 230, 231, 232–33
• New York Harbour: lighting, 218, 295;
• lightships, 251
• New Zealand: system of lighting, 33;
• lighthouses of, 229–30, 233–35;
• the lighthouse-keepers, 235;
• unattended lighthouses, 268
• Newfoundland coastline, 162, 169
• Newhaven, 303
• “No. 87” lightship, 251
• Norah Head lighthouse, 232
• Norderney lightship, 242, 249
• Nore lightship, 240, 242, 245
• Norge liner, wreck, 299
• Norman Cape light, 169
• North Cape, New Zealand, lighthouse, 237, 238
• North Foreland light, 81
• North German Lloyd Atlantic liners, 132, 137
• North Island, New Zealand, coastline, 233
• North Ronaldshay lighthouse, 33
• North Unst lighthouse, 9, 109, 110–12
• Northern lighthouses, Commissioners of, 8–10, 37, 63, 64, 94, 96, 100–02, 105, 109, 114, 219
• North-West lightship (Mersey), 240
• Nova Scotia: Sable Island lighthouse, 166;
• floating lighthouses, 285, 290
• Nuremberg, tests carried out at, 225–26
• Oil-gas, compressed, use of, 48, 296
• One Fathom Bank lighthouse, 259–64
• “One-tenth flash,” 294
• Ontario Lake, 217
• Oregon coastline, 13, 195
• Orkneys coastline, 108, 109
• Otter Rock lightship, 9, 297–99
• Ouessant, Ile d’. See Ushant
• “Outer Automatic,” Halifax Harbour, 290
• Outer Diamond Shoal lightship, 147
• Outer Minot light, 177, 178
• Panama Canal, unattended lighthouses, 277
• “Panels,” system of dividing the light by, 31–32
• Paraffin, use of, 47
• Paris Exhibition of 1867, 61
• Paris, wreck of the, 7
• Parry sound, 216
• Patents granted for upkeep of beacons, 5–6
• Pei Yu-Shan lighthouse, 39
• Pencarrow Head lighthouse, 234
• Pentland Firth, 108
• Pentland Skerries light, 109
• Petroleum gas, use of, 47, 48, 279, 296–98
• Phare, the term, 3
• Phares, Service des, 19, 148, 219
• Pharos, constructional vessel, 110
• Pharos, the, Dover, 3;
• of Alexandria, 2–3
• Philippines coastline, 206
• Phœnicians, beacons erected by the, 3
• Pilgrim Fathers, the, and lighthouses, 6
• Pilotage, Board of, Sweden, experiments with acetylene, 292, 293–94
• Pino Point lighthouse, 315
• Pladda, Island of, 64
• Planier lighthouse, 219
• Platte Fougère, land-controlled station of, 269–74, 283
• Pleasanton, Stephen, 197–98
• Plenty, Bay of, 236
• Plymouth Harbour, 72
• Plymouth Hoe, 80
• Poe, General O. M., Spectacle Reef lighthouse, 211–14
• Portland Canal, 173
• Portland, Duke of, lighthouse on the Isle of Man, 7
• Portland stone, used for building Eddystone, 76
• Port of Dublin Corporation, 121
• Potomac, ice-shores of the, 200–201
• Potron, Charles Eugène, generosity of, 157, 159–60
• Prince Rupert, port of, 173, 284
• Pulsometer Engineering Company, Reading, 66
• Punta Gorda light-station, 311
• Puysegur Point, 237
• Queenstown harbour floating light, 297
• Race, Cape, lighthouse, 39, 43;
• the lens, 40–41;
• clockwork mechanism, 43;
• fog-signalling apparatus, 67;
• dangers of, 162–64;
• the first beacon, 164–65;
• the new beacon, 165
• Race Rock lighthouse, 203–4
• Ralph the Rover, 96
• Rame Head, 72
• Rathlin light, 313
• Rattray Briggs lighthouse, 9
• Ray, Cape, 164
• Red Rock lighthouse, 210, 216
• Red Sea lighthouses, 311
• Rennie, John, the Bell Rock light, 97
• Reyes Point, 205
• Reynaud, Léonce, tower on the Heaux de Bréhat, 149–53
• Rhins of Islay, 113
• Ribière, 8
• Rock Island, 124
• Rock of Ages lighthouse, 210, 214–15, 216
• Rockall, the, 299–300
• Rockets, use of, 58–59
• Rose of Mull, the, 113
• Rothersand lighthouse, 11, 218;
• the first attempt, 132–36;
• work of the Society Harkort, 136–43
• Round Island lighthouse, 39
• Royale, Isle, 214
• Rudyerd, John, the Eddystone lighthouse, 74, 75, 92–93
• Russell Channel, the, 269–70
• Russian lighthouse authorities, 18
• Rutingen lightship, 242, 249
• Sable Island, 162;
• description, 165–66;
• lighthouses and chief station, 166–67;
• the west end light, 167–68;
• the east end light, 168
• St. Agnes light, 81
• St. Catherine’s Downs, 223
• St. Catherine’s lighthouse, 55, 94, 218;
• the electric installation, 223–24
• St. Clair, Lake, 208
• St. David’s Head, 92
• St. John’s, Newfoundland, 164
• St. Kilda, 300
• St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 163;
• dangers, 171
• St. Lawrence River:
• fog-signalling apparatus, 66–68;
• entrance, 162;
• the ice, 172;
• lighting of the, 172–73
• St. Malo Harbour, 243
• St. Mary’s, 85
• St. Peter Port lighthouse, 269–70
• Sambro Island lighthouse, 162
• Samoan Islands, American, controlled by the Lighthouse Board, 206
• San Francisco: bay, 63;
• coastline, 205
• Sand, lighthouses built on, 132–47
• Sandbanks, signposts of the, 240–56
• Sandy Hook lighthouse, 199, 295
• Sarnia, 216
• Salara, the, wreck, 232–33
• Sault Ste. Marie, 216
• Scammon’s Harbour, 212
• Schiller, German packet, wreck of, 86
• Schukert, 225
• Scilly Island, 81, 82, 247
• Scotland: lighting, 50;
• sea-rock lights of, 96;
• the coastline, 108
• Scotsman, Dominion liner, 171
• Scott, C. W., and the Fastnet, 123–24, 129
• Scott, Sir Walter, quoted, 100, 101
• “Screw-pile lighthouses,” 19, 83, 200–203, 261–62
• Sea-rock lighthouses, construction, 20 et seq.
• Serrin-Berjot lamps, 221–23
• Seven Hunters. See Flannen Islands
• Seven Stones lightship, 242, 248–49
• Seven Wonders of the world, 2
• Shark-catching, 311–12
• Sherman, General, 211
• Shetlands coastline, 108–109
• Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 82
• Sigeum lighthouse, on the Hellespont, 2
• Singapore, 257
• Siren, the, developments, 59–60, 159
• Skerries light, 94
• Skerryvore lighthouse, 11, 59, 100–107, 113, 311
• Slave-running, 312
• Slight, Mr., the modern siren, 62
• Smalls, The, 92–93
• Smeaton, John, the Eddystone lighthouse, 8, 75–78, 80
• Smeaton, the, 97–99
• Smith, Thomas, 9, 219
• Solent, the, 94
• Sound, aberration of, 68
• South Carolina, lighthouses of, 19–20
• South Foreland lighthouse: lighting, 38, 95;
• electricity adopted, 218–19;
• keepers of the, 314
• South Island, N.Z., coastline, 237
• South Solitary Island lighthouse, 230, 231
• South Stock light, 94
• Southey, ballad of the Bell Rock, 96
• Spain, early beacons, 3
• Spartel Cape lighthouse, 207, 300
• Spectacle Reef lighthouse, 74, 210–14, 215–16
• Sperm-oil, as luminant, 46
• “Spider-web braces,” 201
• Spurn Point lighthouse, 38–39
• Standard Oil Co., 282
• Stannard’s Rock lighthouse, 214, 216
• Start Point, 94
• Stephens Island, 233
• Stevenson, Alan: “Skerryvore,” 9, 100–107;
• improvements in lighting, 32–33;
• table of distances by, 51–52
• Stevenson, Charles, 9
• Stevenson, David, “North Unst,” 9
• Stevenson, David and Charles: the acetylene gun, 68–71;
• the unattended light, 269;
• the Platte Fougère fog-signal, 270–71;
• the Otter Rock light, 297;
• scheme for Rockall, 300
• Stevenson, David and Thomas: works carried out by, 15, 53;
• the Chicken Rock light, 94;
• building of the Dhu-Heartach, 114–20
• Stevenson, family of engineers: preeminence of, 8–10;
• systems of lighting, 36–38;
• adoption of electricity, 219–22;
• work in Japan, 258;
• characteristics, 305
• Stevenson, George, and the Fastnet, 122
• Stevenson, Robert, and the Bell Rock lighthouse, 9, 97–100;
• Skerryvore, 101
• Stevenson, Robert Louis, “A Family of Engineers,” 8–9
• Stevenson, Thomas, 9, 222
• Stewart Island, 237
• Stornoway lighthouse, lighting, 53–54
• Strain, Samuel H., 306
• Subsidiary lights, 53–55
• Suez, 312
• Sugar-Loaf Point lighthouse, 232
• Sule Skerry lighthouse, 9, 39
• Sumatra, 257
• “Sun-valve,” the Dalén, 275–78
• Superior, Lake, lighting of, 214, 216, 217
• Sweden: floating lighthouses, 291;
• unattended lighthouses, 277–82
• Swift, Captain W. H., the Minot’s Ledge light, 176–78, 182
• Sydney lighthouse. See Macquarie Tower
• Tararua, steamship, wreck of the, 236, 237
• Tay, Firth of, 96
• Terawhiti, Cape, 238
• Thames lightships, 240–41
• Thomas, O. P., 260
• Three Kings Rock, 236
• Tierra del Fuego, 268
• Tillamook Head, 183
• Tillamook Rock lighthouse, 13–15, 183–95, 204;
• the keepers, 307–8
• Tiri-Tiri Island lighthouse, 236–38
• Torrain Rocks, 113
• Tory Island lighthouse, 39
• Trade, Board of:
• collection of light dues, 7–8;
• and the siren, 61;
• Mr. Ingrey’s scheme, 64;
• adoption of electricity, 219
• Trewavas, John R., death of, 14–15
• Triangle Island, British Columbia, light, 174
• Trinity House Brethren: purchase of patents, 6;
• maintenance of English lights, 7, 26;
• adoption of the Daboll trumpet, 60;
• and the Eddystone, 77;
• and the Wolf Rock, 88–89;
• and the Whiteside light, 93;
• and the Fastnet, 122;
• adoption of electricity, 218, 223;
• the light on the Seven Stones, 248
• Trinity House Museum: Smeaton’s clock, 76–77;
• Bishop Rock fog-bell, 85–86
• Triumph, steamship, wreck, 236
• Tyndall, Professor, 59
• Tyree, island of, 100, 102, 105, 107
• United States Corps of Engineers, 63, 198
• United States Lighthouse Board, 13 36, 195;
• coastline lighting, 20, 196–207;
• methods of lighting, 46–47;
• inauguration, 198;
• extent of control 206–7;
• lighting of the Great Lakes, 208–17;
• lightship service, 255;
• adoption of the Aga light, 294–95
• United States Typographical Engineers, 176
• Unst, island of, 112
• Ushant, 148, 156, 157
• Ushant Island, 158
• Vancouver, 173;
• coastline, 284
• Vancouver Island, 174
• Victoria, 173
• Victoria, steamer, wreck, 303–4
• Waipapapa Point lighthouse, 236, 237
• Walker, James, 8;
• Bishop Rock light, 84–5
• Wanganui, N.Z., 233
• Water-gas, 48
• Wellington, N.Z., 233–4
• Weser River estuary, 132
• West Indies lighthouses, 309
• White ant, ravages of the, 264–66
• White Shoal lighthouse, 215, 216
• Whiteside light, 92, 93
• Whistles on lighthouses, 58
• Wigham light, 279–280, 282, 296–97
• Willson, Mr. Thomas: the acetylene automatic light, 285–89, 291, 294
• Winchelsea, wreck of the, 72, 74
• Windward Point, Cuba, 308
• Winstanley, Henry: the Eddystone lighthouse, 73
• Wireless installation: on the Fastnet, 131;
• station, Sable Island, 167;
• Belle Ile, Southern Point, 170;
• the Eider lightship, 249
• Wirral, 16, 309
• Wolf Rock lighthouse, 14;
• blowing holes, 63, 87–92;
• relief, 311
• Women as lighthouse-keepers, 314–15
• Wrath, Cape, 112
• Wreckers of the Wolf Rock, 88;
• Chinese, 258–59