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Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction

Chapter 21: SENATE
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About This Book

This study examines the presidential approach to restoring rebellious states after the Civil War by analyzing policies, proclamations, and practical measures. It presents state-by-state case studies — Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Virginia — tracing military occupation, the appointment of military governors, the creation of loyal civil governments, and controversies over suffrage and representation. It surveys anti-slavery legislation, compensated emancipation efforts, use of African American troops, and the decision to issue an emancipation proclamation, then compares competing constitutional theories and Congressional opposition. Throughout it highlights tensions between military authority and civilian rule, legal questions of readmission, and differing visions for political reconstruction.

APPENDIX B
THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

SENATE

First regular session, Dec. 7, 1863, to July 4, 1864.

Second session from Dec. 5, 1864, to March 3, 1865.

CALIFORNIA.—John Conness and James A. McDougall.

CONNECTICUT.—James Dixon and Lafayette S. Foster.

DELAWARE.—Willard Saulsbury and George Read Riddle (vice Senator Bayard, who resigned).

ILLINOIS.—William A. Richardson and Lyman Trumbull.

INDIANA.—Thomas A. Hendricks and Henry S. Lane.

IOWA.—James Harlan and James W. Grimes.

KANSAS.—Samuel C. Pomeroy and James H. Lane.

KENTUCKY.—Garrett Davis (Senator Davis is sometimes mentioned as a Democrat) and Lazarus W. Powell.

MAINE.—Lot M. Morrill and William Pitt Fessenden (resigned in 1864, and was succeeded by Nathan A. Farwell).

MASSACHUSETTS.—Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson.

MARYLAND.—Reverdy Johnson and Thomas H. Hicks (died Feb. 13, 1865).

MICHIGAN.—Zachariah Chandler and Jacob M. Howard.

MINNESOTA.—Alexander Ramsey and Morton S. Wilkinson.

MISSOURI.—John B. Henderson (sometimes mentioned as a Unionist) and B. Gratz Brown (vice Waldo Porter Johnson, expelled, Robert Wilson having been appointed pro tem.).

NEW HAMPSHIRE.—Daniel Clark and John P. Hale.

NEW JERSEY.—William Wright and John C. Ten Eyck.

NEW YORK.—Edwin D. Morgan and Ira Harris.

OHIO.—Benjamin F. Wade and John Sherman.

OREGON.—Benjamin F. Harding and James W. Nesmith.

PENNSYLVANIA.—Charles R. Buckalew and Edgar Cowan.

RHODE ISLAND.—William Sprague and Henry B. Anthony.

VERMONT.—Solomon Foot and Jacob Collamer.

VIRGINIA.—Lemuel J. Bowden and John S. Carlile (sometimes mentioned as a Democrat).

WEST VIRGINIA.—Waitman T. Willey and Peter G. Van Winkle.

WISCONSIN.—James R. Doolittle and Timothy O. Howe.

NEVADA.—James W. Nye and William M. Stewart.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

CALIFORNIA.—Thomas B. Shannon, William Higby, Cornelius Cole.

CONNECTICUT.—Henry C. Deming, James E. English, Augustus Brandegee, John H. Hubbard.

DELAWARE.—Nathaniel B. Smithers.

ILLINOIS.—Isaac N. Arnold, John F. Farnsworth, Elihu B. Washburne, Charles M. Harris, Owen Lovejoy (died Mar. 25, 1864, and was succeeded by Ebon C. Ingersoll), Jesse O. Norton, John R. Eden, John T. Stuart, Lewis W. Ross, Anthony L. Knapp, James C. Robinson, William R. Morrison, William J. Allen, James C. Allen.

INDIANA.—John Law, James A. Cravens, Henry W. Harrington, William S. Holman, George W. Julian, Ebenezer Dumont, Daniel W. Voorhees, Godlove S. Orth, Schuyler Colfax, Joseph K. Edgerton, James F. McDowell.

IOWA.—James F. Wilson, Hiram Price, William B. Allison, J. B. Grinnell, John A. Kasson, A. W. Hubbard.

KANSAS.—A. Carter Wilder.

KENTUCKY.—Lucien Anderson, George H. Yeaman, Henry Grider, Aaron Harding, Robert Mallory, Green Clay Smith, Brutus J. Clay, William H. Randall, William H. Wadsworth.

MAINE.—Lorenzo D. M. Sweat, Sidney Perham, James G. Blaine, John H. Rice, Frederick A. Pike.

MARYLAND.—John A. J. Cresswell, Edwin H. Webster, Henry Winter Davis, Francis Thomas, Benjamin G. Harris.

MASSACHUSETTS.—Thomas D. Eliot, Oakes Ames, Alexander H. Rice, Samuel Hooper, John B. Alley, Daniel W. Gooch, George S. Boutwell, John D. Baldwin, William B. Washburn, Henry L. Dawes.

MICHIGAN.—Fernando C. Beaman, Charles Upson, John W. Longyear, Francis W. Kellogg, Augustus C. Baldwin, John F. Driggs.

MINNESOTA.—William Windom, Ignatius Donnelly.

MISSOURI.—Francis P. Blair, jr. (seat successfully contested by Samuel Knox of St. Louis), Henry T. Blow, John G. Scott, Joseph W. McClurg, Sempronius H. Boyd, Austin A. King, Benjamin F. Loan, William A. Hall, James S. Rollins.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.—Daniel Marcy, Edward H. Rollins, James W. Patterson.

NEW JERSEY.—John F. Starr, George Middleton, William G. Steele, Andrew J. Rogers, Nehemiah Perry.

NEW YORK.—Henry G. Stebbins (resigned in 1864 and was succeeded by Dwight Townsend), Martin Kalbfleisch, Moses F. Odell, Benjamin Wood, Fernando Wood, Elijah Ward, John W. Chanler, James Brooks, Anson Herrick, William Radford, Charles H. Winfield, Homer A. Nelson, John B. Steele, John V. L. Pruyn, John A. Griswold, Orlando Kellogg, Calvin T. Hulburd, James M. Marvin, Samuel F. Miller, Ambrose W. Clark, Francis Kernan, DeWitt C. Littlejohn, Thomas T. Davis, Theodore M. Pomeroy, Daniel Morris, Giles W. Hotchkiss, Robert Van Valkenburg, Freeman Clark, Augustus Frank, John B. Ganson, Reuben E. Fenton (resigned Dec. 10, 1864).

OHIO.—George H. Pendleton, Alexander Long, Robert C. Schenck, J. F. McKinney, Frank C. Le Blond, Chilton A. White, Samuel S. Cox, William Johnson, Warren P. Noble, James M. Ashley, Wells A. Hutchins, William E. Fink, John O’Neill, George Bliss, James R. Morris, Joseph W. White, Ephraim R. Eckley, Rufus P. Spaulding, James A. Garfield.

OREGON.—John R. McBride.

PENNSYLVANIA.—Samuel J. Randall, Charles O’Neill, Leonard Myers, William D. Kelley, M. Russell Thayer, John D. Stiles, John M. Broomall, Sydenham E. Ancona, Thaddeus Stevens, Myer Strouse, Philip Johnson, Charles Dennison, Henry W. Tracy, William H. Miller, Joseph Bailey, Alexander H. Coffroth, Archibald McAllister, James T. Hale, Glenni W. Scofield, Amos Myers, John L. Dawson, James K. Moorhead, Thomas Williams, Jesse Lazear.

RHODE ISLAND.—Thomas A. Jenckes, Nathan F. Dixon.

VERMONT.—Frederick E. Woodbridge, Justin S. Morrill, Portus Baxter.

VIRGINIA.—Had Senators but no Representatives. Joseph Segar, Lucius H. Chandler and Benjamin M. Kitchen, claimants for seats, were not admitted.

WEST VIRGINIA.—Jacob B. Blair, William G. Brown, Killian V. Whaley.[499]

WISCONSIN.—James S. Brown, Ithamar C. Sloan, Amasa Cobb, Charles A. Eldridge, Ezra Wheeler, Walter D. McIndoe.

DELEGATES FROM TERRITORIES

ARIZONA.—Charles D. Poston.

COLORADO.—Hiram P. Bennett.

DAKOTA.—William Jayne (seat successfully contested by John B. S. Todd).

IDAHO.—William H. Wallace.

MONTANA.—Samuel McLean.

NEBRASKA.—Samuel G. Daily.

NEVADA (admitted as a State).—Gordon N. Mott (Henry G. Worthington was elected Representative when Nevada became a State).

NEW MEXICO.—Francisco Perea.

UTAH.—John F. Kenney.

WASHINGTON.—George E. Cole.