Locomotive Engine Running and Management

INDEX.

• Accidents to cylinders and steam connections, 162–171.
• —— —— eccentric-strap, 383.
• —— —— link-hanger, 383.
• —— —— running-gear, 172–181.
• —— —— valve-motion, 143–161.
• Adhesion of locomotives, 346.
• Air-pump disorders, 322.
• Angularity of connecting-rod, 219.
• Angularity of connecting-rod, effect of, in valve-motion, 220.
• Appliances for testing water, 363.
• Ash-pan, neglecting, 42.
• Axles, broken, 179.
• Baldwin locomotives, 284.
• Boiler, blowing off, 139.
• —— careful feeding preserves, 70.
• —— care of, 136–138.
• —— explosions, 137.
• —— feeding, 65, 86, 103.
• —— incrustation, 101, 362.
• —— injudicious feeding of, 69.
• —— inspection of, 36.
• —— over-pressure on, 140.
• —— precautions against scorching, 40.
• —— preservation of, 138.
• —— temperature of, 67.
• —— water for locomotive, 359–375.
• Boilers and fire-boxes, 136–142.
• Books, prejudice against, 8.
• —— mechanical, recommended, 9.
• Brakes, advantage of good, 310.
• —— atmospheric, 312.
• —— Eames vacuum, 340–345.
• —— to apply and release, 336.
• —— to prevent creeping on of, 335.
• —— Westinghouse air, 309–339.
• Brooks locomotives, 284.
• Chemicals for testing water, 363.
• —— —— purifying boiler water, 374.
• Collisions, 173.
• Connecting-rods, side rods, and wedges, 182–198.
• —— —— angularity of, 219.
• —— —— functions of, 182.
• Crank, attempts to abolish, 217.
• Cross-head, methods of securing, 157.
• —— pin broken, 164, 383.
• Curves, resistance of, 353.
• Cut-off, ascertaining point of, 253.
• —— adjustment of, 255.
• Cylinders, accidents to, 162, 381.
• —— action of steam, in reverse-motion, 224.
• —— back pressure in, 211.
• —— compression in, 213.
• —— operation of steam in, 210.
• Dampers, operating, 71.
• —— loss of heat from, 73.
• Dead center, 251.
• Diagram, indicator, 306.
• Diaphragm-plate, 99.
• —— vacuum brake, 341.
• Disconnecting engine, 379.
• Draught appliances, 98.
• —— obstructions to, 97, 98.
• Driving-axles, broken, 179.
• Driving-box, 179, 190, 196.
• Driving-trusses, 193.
• Driving-springs, broken, 177.
• Dry pipe, broken, 166.
• Dynagraph car, 355.
• Eames vacuum brake, 340–345.
• Eccentric, angular advance of, 218.
• —— slipped, 234, 380.
• —— description of, 214.
• —— early application of, 215.
• —— throw, influence of, 238.
• —— position of, 152, 218.
• —— rods, position of, 243.
• —— rods slipped, 154.
• —— strap broken, 155, 383.
• Educating engineers, 25.
• Ejector, Eames brake, 342.
• Emergencies, dealing with sudden, 172.
• Engineers, attributes that make good, 1, 89.
• —— causes of anxiety to, 78.
• —— education for, 25.
• —— examination for, 376–384.
• —— first duties of, 43, 376.
• —— duties, growing importance of, 3.
• —— how made, 11, 29.
• —— illiterate men not wanted for, 3.
• Engineers, individuality of, 3.
• —— interest in valve-motion among, 149.
• —— learning duties of, 20.
• —— public interest in, 2.
• —— their duties, 1–10.
• Engines, hard-steaming, 92–108.
• —— high-speed, 83.
• —— essentials of good-steaming, 92.
• —— slippery, 62.
• —— power of different kinds of, 357.
• —— rough-riding, 197.
• Equalizer lever broken, 178.
• Examination for engineers, 376–384.
• —— —— firemen, 24.
• Exhaust, detecting cause of lame, 155.
• —— locating the four sounds of, 144.
• —— note, neglecting warning of false, 148.
• —— watching sound of, 144.
• Finishing the trip, 74–81.
• Fire, attending to, 79.
• —— effect of excessive air on, 72.
• —— management of, 54.
• —— making up, 84.
• —— starting the, 40.
• Fire-boxes and boilers, 136–142.
• Firemen, bad, 59.
• —— first duties of, 41.
• —— first trips as, 18.
• —— highest types of, 57.
• —— learning duties of, 19.
• —— make best engineers, 14.
• —— medium, 58.
• —— men chosen for, 16.
• —— method of promoting, 23.
• —— method of selecting, 17.
• Firemen, misconception of duties of, 19.
• —— qualifications for, 27.
• Firing, conditions that demand good, 56.
• —— good, 55.
• —— effect of heavy, 72.
• —— engine of fast train, 90.
• —— scientific methods of, 57, 107.
• —— whom to blame for bad, 59.
• Flues, bursted, 141.
• —— leaky, 102.
• Frames, broken, 179.
• Freight train, running a, 48–60.
• Gauge, water-glass, 43.
• Getting ready for the road, 39–47.
• Getting up the hill, 61–73.
• Grade, getting train up a, 61.
• Grant locomotives, 285.
• Grates, saving the, 42.
• —— defects of, 100.
• Giffard injector, 119.
• Hancock inspirator, 134, 135.
• Hard-steaming engines, 92–108.
• How engineers are made, 11–29.
• Ignorance, where disaster came of, 7.
• Indicator, 303–308.
• —— advantage of using, 308.
• —— description of, 303.
• —— diagram, 306.
• —— operation of, 304.
• —— Tabor, 304.
• Injectors, chapter on, 119–135.
• —— care of, 124–128.
• —— choice of, for feeding, 66, 109.
• —— disorders of, 125–127.
• —— forms of, 123.
• —— Hancock, 135.
• Injectors, invention of, 109.
• —— Korting, 133.
• —— Monitor, 132.
• —— principle of action of, 121.
• —— repairing, 123.
• —— Sellers, 129.
• —— trying to learn philosophy of, 120.
• Inspection of locomotives, 30–38.
• Inspection of locomotives, neglecting, 31.
• Inspirator, Hancock, 135.
• Joy valve-gear, 292–302.
• —— valve, action of, 296.
• —— —— advantage claimed for, 295.
• —— —— construction directions, 294.
• —— —— how applied, 292.
• —— —— rules for laying out, 298.
• Knowledge and skill in engineering, 1.
• —— versus ignorance, 2.
• —— practical, needed, 15.
• —— of train-rights, 75.
• Korting injector, 133.
• Laying out link-motion, 257–286.
• Lime, effects of its presence in water, 101, 359.
• —— tests for salts of, 364.
• Link-hanger, broken, 383.
• Link-motion, adjustment of, 239.
• —— conditions of laying out, 259.
• —— hanger-stud, 241.
• —— increase of lead, 243.
• —— invention of, 230.
• —— laying out, 257–286.
• —— position of rocker, 264.
• Link-motion, position of crank-pin and eccentrics, 265.
• —— problems of laying out, 260.
• —— radius, 242.
• —— slip, 240.
• —— weak points of, 235–258.
• Links, hooking up, 50.
• Locomotives, adhesion of, 346.
• —— difficulty of running at night, 14–21.
• —— dimensions of, 284–286.
• —— hard-steaming, 92.
• —— high-speed, 83.
• —— horse-power of, 350.
• —— importance of, steaming freely, 92.
• —— inspection of, 30–38.
• —— learning to keep, in order, 22.
• —— power of different kinds, 357.
• —— running worn-out, 143.
• —— slippery, 64.
• —— traction of, 347.
• Mason locomotives, 286.
• Monitor injector, 132.
• Mud-drums, 102.
• Mud in boilers, 101, 139, 373.
• Nathan injector, 132.
• Netting choked with oil, 98.
• Night, difficulty of running at, 14.
• Nozzles, exhaust, 105.
• Off the track, 172–181.
• Oil-cups, inspection of, 34, 84.
• Oil, quality of, needed for machinery, 45.
• Passenger train, running fast, 82–91.
• Petticoat-pipe, influence on steam-making of, 93.
• —— —— size and position of, 94.
• Piston, clearance, 104, 184.
• —— events of stroke, 222.
• —— irregular speed of, 215.
• —— setting out packing, 382.
• Pittsburg locomotives, 285.
• Point of suspension of link, 241.
• Pounding of working-parts, 168–170.
• —— in driving-boxes and wedges, 190.
• Power of locomotives, 357.
• Pumps, care of air, 326.
• —— —— —— water, 113.
• —— causes that induce pounding in air, 331.
• —— choice of, for feeding water, 66.
• —— disorders of air, 322.
• —— disorders of water, 109–118.
• —— gradual degeneration of air, 329.
• —— lift of valves for water, 115.
• —— sand in chambers, 116.
• —— testing water, 113.
• —— Westinghouse air, 318.
• Raising steam, 39.
• Radius of link, 242.
• Relief-valve on dry pipe, 227.
• Reversing motions, early, 229.
• Road, acquaintance with the, 79.
• —— getting ready for the, 39–47.
• Rocker-arm, broken, 158.
• —— position of, 264.
• Rocker-shaft, broken, 158.
• Rods, eccentric, 154, 243, 248, 268.
• —— keying up, 186, 189, 379, 380.
• —— main, 164, 182, 183.
• Rods, side, 182, 187, 188.
• —— watching, on road, 185.
• —— valve, 250.
• Rough-riding, cause of, 197.
• Running-gear, inspection of, 35, 197.
• —— understanding the, 176.
• Running fast freight train, 48–60.
• —— —— passenger train, 82–91.
• Saddle-pin, center of, 271.
• Sand, use of, 63.
• —— in pump-chamber, 116.
• Scale agencies that make lime, 362.
• —— effects on steam-making, 101.
• Schenectady locomotives, 286.
• Self-improvement, methods of, 5.
• Sellers injector, 129–131.
• Setting the valves, 246–256.
• Shop, observing work in, 6.
• Soap-test for hard water, 369–372.
• Short of water, 109–118.
• Smoke-box, extended, 99.
• —— temperature of, 106.
• Shifting-link, 229–245.
• —— action of, 233.
• —— construction of, 232.
• —— slip, 240.
• Side-rods, 182, 187, 188.
• —— adjustment of, 187, 189, 379, 380.
• Slide-valves, clearance, 208.
• —— described, 200.
• —— detecting leakage of, 145.
• —— effect of changing travel, 236.
• —— increase of lead, 243.
• —— invention of, 199.
• —— lap, 202–205, 212.
• —— lead, 209.
• —— primitive form of, 201.
• Slide-valves, movement of, 217.
• —— setting of, 246–256.
• —— testing for leaks, 161.
• Speed, average of fast train, 82, 86–88.
• —— requisites of high, 83.
• Springs, broken driving, 177.
• Smoke-stack, badly proportioned, 105.
• —— functions of, 97.
• Steam-engine indicator, 303–308.
• Steam, action of, in reverse-motion, 244.
• —— back pressure, 211.
• —— causes detrimental to making, 93.
• —— chest-cover broken, 159.
• —— compression of, 213.
• —— operation in cylinders, 210.
• —— pipes broken, 160.
• —— pipes leaking, 100.
• —— pressure best for economy, 52.
• —— raising, 39.
• —— running with low pressure of, 54.
• —— working expansively, 51.
• Stephenson link, 231.
• Stevens valve-gear, 287–291.
• Stevens valve-gear, control of exhaust-lead, 290.
• Stevens valve-gear, description of, 287.
• —— —— valve-movement, 289.
• Strainers, 113.
• Supplies, 42.
• Tests of feed-water, 363–372.
• —— —— valves, 161.
• Throttle, accidents to, 167.
• —— disconnected, 165, 166, 383.
• Throttle, position of lever, 54.
• Tires, broken, 179–384.
• Track, engine off the, 172.
• —— operating single, 77.
• —— replacing engine on, 174.
• Traction of locomotives, 346.
• Train, conditions that increase resistance of, 352.
• Train, fast passenger, 82.
• —— knowledge of rights of, 75.
• —— resistance formula, 351.
• —— resistances, 346–358.
• —— running freight, 48.
• Travel of slide-valve, 236.
• Triple valve, 332.
• Trucks, accidents to, 178.
• Tumbling-shaft, broken, 157.
• —— length of arms, 277.
• Valve, Allen, 206.
• Valve-motion, accidents to, 143, 150, 158.
• —— aids to study of, 221.
• —— chapter on, 199–228.
• —— compression, 213.
• —— effect of excessive inside lap, 212.
• —— effect of main-rod angularity on, 220.
• —— interest in, 149.
• —— Joy’s, 292–303.
• —— locating defects of, 151.
• —— of fast passenger engine, 235.
• —— Stevens, 287–291.
• Valve-setting, 246–286.
• —— best way to learn, 247.
• —— cut-off, 253.
• Valve-setting, lead-opening, 252.
• —— men who learn, 246.
• —— preliminary operations, 247.
• Valve-stem, broken, 158.
• —— marking, 249.
• Valve-travel, effect of changing, 235.
• Valve-yoke, broken, 158, 380.
• Water, expense of using bad, 360.
• —— for locomotive boilers, 359–375.
• —— how carried, 89, 376.
• —— how to avoid getting short of, 111.
• —— loss of faith in purifying methods, 361.
• —— master-mechanics’ attempts to purify, 361.
• —— soap-test for hardness, 369–372.
• —— short of, 110, 112, 377, 378.
• —— tests of quality, 363–372.
• Watching the exhaust, 144.
• Wedges, 182, 190, 192, 194–196.
• Wheels, broken, 179.
• —— slipping, 63.
• Westinghouse brake, 309–339.
• —— air-pump, 318.
• —— air-pump disorders, 322.
• —— air-brake, essential parts, 317.
• —— air-brake, first trials of, 311.
• —— air-brake, invention of, 309.
• Working-parts, harmony of, 239.
• —— pounding of, 168.