INDEX
- Aden, #$1#, 152
- Admiralty, British, organization of, 118–122, 194, 195
- Adriatic Sea, 26, 306
- Africa, 46.
- See South Africa
- Alabama, Confederate cruiser, 96
- Alaska, 40
- Alava, Spanish admiral, 215
- Alexander the Great, campaigns of, 4, 14
- Alexander I, of Russia, 224–226
- Algeciras Conference, 306
- Alliances, military weakness of, 60, 61, 315.
- See Entente; Triple Alliance
- Alsace-Lorraine, 326, 349
- American Independence, War of, 23, 85, 343;
- Amsterdam, 34, 39.
- Antilles, Lesser, strategic value of, 102, 105, 107, 108
- Antwerp, 30, 306
- Arbitration, #$1#, inadequacy of, 293–295, 344–347
- Armenia, 345, 347
- Armored cruiser, a faulty type, 260
- Asia. See China; Japan; Far East
- Atlantic Coast, of United States, 35, 65–67, 111–112, 274, 285
- Australia, 148, 149, 350
- Austria, in Thirty Years’ War, 50 ff.;
- Balkan States, 306
- Baltic Sea, 31, 82, 186, 188, 191, 273, 274, 313
- Barbados, 60, 196
- Bases, naval, for permanent operations, 28;
- Battleships, design of, 61–62.
- See Speed
- Beachy Head, battle of, 81, 155, 157
- Belgium, ports of, closed, 30;
- Berlin Decree, 95, 331
- Bermuda, 105
- Biscay, Bay of, 192
- Bismarck, Prince, #$1#, 326
- Blockade, in the Civil War, 41–42, 94;
- Bombardment, defense against, 129–132
- Bombay, #$1#, 153
- Boulogne, 191, 192, 194, 197
- Bourrienne, Napoleon’s secretary, 13, 14
- Boyne, battle of, 37
- Brest, 23, 24, 31, 154, 174, 192–194, 196, 222
- Brock, General, 233, 234
- Brunswick, British ship, 180–182
- Bucentaure, French ship, 215–219
- Bulgaria, 345
- Byng, British Admiral, 85, 86, 158
- Cadiz, 26, 58;
- Cæsar, campaigns of, 4, 14
- Calder, British Admiral, 196
- Cámara, Spanish Admiral, 252
- Canada, 143, 147, 154;
- Cape Verde Islands, 241
- Caribbean Sea, strategic importance of, 27–29, 289, 325;
- Cartagena, 26
- Central Line, or Position, defined and illustrated, 50–67, 103;
- of Germany, 53
- Cervera, Spanish Admiral, squadron of, 59, 88, 89;
- Champlain, Lake, battle of, 235, 239
- Channel, British, 23, 24, 25, 52, 53, 69, 140;
- Charles, Archduke, campaigns of, 11 ff
- Chauncey, Commodore, 235–236
- Chemulpo, 256, 267
- Cherbourg, 31, 174
- Chesapeake Bay, British forces in, 31;
- battle off, 164–170
- China, at war with Japan, 296;
- Cienfuegos, 59, 88, 89, 103, 241, 246, 247
- Civil War, American, Mahan’s service in, #$1#;
- Clausewitz, Karl von, quoted, 89
- Clinton, Sir Henry, 164, 167
- Coasts, influence of, on naval development, 28–32, 40–42;
- Codrington, Sir Edward, 178, 183, 201
- Colbert, French Minister, 138, 139
- Collingwood, British Admiral, at battle of June First, 178;
- Colonies, national policies regarding, #$1#, 45–46;
- Commerce, easier by sea than by land, 16;
- Commerce Warfare, operations of, discussed, 5, 91–99;
- Communications, facility of, by sea, 16, 77, 286, 331–332;
- Compromise, evils of, 259–262;
- in Rozhestvensky’s plans, 281
- Concentration, defined and illustrated, 60–67;
- Continental System, Napoleon’s, 198, 223–228
- Contraband, 99
- Convoys, 17
- Copenhagen, Nelson’s campaign of, 184–191
- Corbett, Sir Julian, quoted, 85, 89
- Corfu, 287
- Cornwallis, British Admiral, 192, 194, 196
- Cornwallis, General, at Yorktown, 159, 164–170
- Corsica, 26
- Corunna, 52
- Crete, 58, 70, 347
- Cronstadt, 273
- Cuba, strategic value of, 59, 74, 79, 100–112;
- Culebra Island, 111
- Curaçao, 241, 248
- Curieux, British brig, 196
- Curtis, British Captain, 178, 179, 183
- Cyprus, 153
- D’Aché, French Admiral, 153
- Danube, central position on, 50, 53–56, 60, 67
- Dearborn, General, 236, 238
- De Barras, French Admiral, in the American Revolution, 164–168
- Defensive, limited rôle of, in naval warfare, 87–90, 309–311;
- in the War of 1812, 228 ff
- De Grasse, French Admiral, at Saints’ Passage, 160;
- off the Chesapeake, 164–170
- Du Guichen, French Admiral, engaged with Rodney, 159–163
- Denmark, trade of, 25;
- De Ruyter, Dutch Admiral, 207
- Detroit, 233, 238, 239
- Dewey, Admiral, #$1#
- Dominica, 160
- Dumanoir, French Admiral, at Trafalgar, 218–220
- Egypt, Napoleon in, 58, 127, 192;
- England. See Great Britain
- Entente, Triple, 53, 304–306, 317–318
- Erie, Lake, operations on, 232, 233, 235–236, 238, 240
- Far East, political conditions in, 289–291, 296–297.
- See China; Japan; Open Door
- Farragut, Admiral, his place as a naval leader, #$1#;
- Ferrol, 192, 196, 197
- Fighting Instructions, of the British Navy, 157–158
- Fleet in Being, theory of, 81;
- Florida, exposed position of, 36, 65, 66;
- Flying Squadron, in Spanish War, #$1#, 59, 88, 89, 241, 246
- Fortress Fleet, 258–269
- Française, Cape, 165, 166
- France, a rival of Great Britain, #$1#;
- geographical conditions affecting, 22–25;
- ports of, 31, 32;
- in Napoleonic Wars, 43–44, 171–174;
- colonial policy of, 46;
- in Thirty Years’ War, 50–57;
- exhausted under Louis XIV, 137–140;
- in American Revolution, 143–144;
- in Seven Years’ War, 147, 153–154;
- opposed to Germany, 305, 317–318, 320;
- arrested growth of, in population, 307, 322;
- Channel coast of, 312–313.
- See Navy, French
- Franklin, Benjamin, quoted, 350
- Frederick the Great, 14, 147
- French Revolution, 152;
- Frontiers, advantage of seaboard, 30;
- Genoa, 67
- Germany, recent naval policy of, #$1#–xv, 51;
- Gibraltar, an important base, 20, 22, 58, 69, 74, 152, 154;
- Good Hope, Cape of, 20, 26, 33, 51, 152, 290, 314
- Graves, British Admiral, off the Chesapeake, 160, 164–170
- Gravina, Spanish Admiral, at Trafalgar, 210–211, 214, 219–220
- Great Britain, growth of, in naval power, #$1#, 32–34, 43–44;
- colonial policy of, 45, 46, 343;
- naval policy of, 47–48, 141–146;
- community of interests with United States, 111, 291–295, 318–332;
- in American Revolution, 143–144;
- gains of, in Seven Years’ War, 147–154;
- navy her first line of defense, 191–195;
- in commerce warfare with Napoleon, 223–228, 310–311;
- and problem of imperial federation, 293;
- threatened by Germany, 302–308;
- policy of, relating to seizure of private property at sea, 333–338.
- See Navy, British
- Guadeloupe, 25, 143
- Guantanamo, 58, 103–107, 111
- Hague, The, 155–157, 165, 166.
- See Peace Conferences
- Haiti, 105, 108
- Halifax, 105
- Hamilton, Lady Emma, 200
- Hampton Roads, #$1#, 59, 66, 89, 241, 246
- Hannibal, campaigns of, 4, 14
- Havana, 39, 59, 88, 89, 105, 106, 110, 143, 166, 241, 246, 247
- Havre, 174
- Hawaiian Islands, value of, to the United States, 285–287, 356, 357;
- Japanese in, 301
- Hawke, British Admiral, 155
- Heligoland, #$1#
- Holland, dependent on commerce, 161;
- Hood, British Admiral, 167, 168
- Hotham, British Admiral, 81
- Howe, British Admiral, policy of, 5;
- in the battle of June First, 175–183
- Hudson River, 31, 166
- India, British in, 147, 151, 317, 343;
- Interior Lines, value of, in warfare, 51–67;
- International Law, regard for, in Napoleonic Wars, 227–228;
- inadequate to check national aggressions, 300
- Ireland, 37, 313
- Italy, position of, 26;
- Jamaica, lost by Spain, 39;
- James II, of England, 38, 277;
- fighting instructions issued by, 157–158
- Japan, influenced by Mahan’s writings, #$1#;
- Jervis. See St. Vincent
- Jomini, on strategy, 11, 12, 49, 321;
- June First, battle of, 175–183
- Kamimura, Japanese Admiral, 66
- Kamranh Bay, 83
- Keith, British Admiral, 194
- Key West, 29, 36, 111, 241, 269
- Kiel Canal, #$1#, 51
- Kingston, in Canada, 231–240;
- in Jamaica, 107
- Korea, 256, 300, 346
- Kuropatkin, Russian General, 256, 257
- Lafayette, General, 164, 169
- La Hogue, battle of, 155–157, 165, 166
- Levant, trade of, 33
- Line of Battle, of fleets, 62, 156, 158, 162, 163.
- See Strategic Lines
- Logistics, defined, 49
- London, 30
- Louis XIV, of France, 37, 155;
- wars of, 137–141
- Louis XVI, of France, 172
- Louisburg, 20, 154
- Macdonough, Commodore, 142
- Madagascar, #$1#, 82
- Madrid, 81, 209
- Magellan, Straits of, 51, 67, 290
- Malta, 20, 26, 58, 70, 107, 152, 287
- Manchuria, 56, 57, 267, 300
- Manila, 39, 143
- Mantua, 76, 80
- Marengo, battle of, 13, 14, 76, 257
- Marlborough, Duke of, 142
- Martinique, 25, 74, 104, 143, 154, 160, 161, 196, 241
- Masampo Bay, 66
- Mauritius, 20, 152
- Mediterranean Sea, position of France on, 22, 59, 140;
- Metz, 71
- Mexico, Gulf of, 29, 31, 35, 36, 65, 66;
- Milan, 50, 53
- Minorca, 39, 107, 147, 154, 158
- Mississippi River, importance of, 29, 31, 35, 69, 100, 101;
- Mobile Bay, battle of, 64, 251
- Mona Passage, 102
- Monroe Doctrine, 102, 111, 149, 288–291, 318, 320–322, 325, 356
- Montreal, 231, 233, 234, 238, 240
- Moore, Sir John, 81
- Morocco, 306, 318, 320
- Mukden, battle of, 56, 256
- Naples, 38, 39
- Napoleon, as a strategian, 11;
- anecdote of, 12–14;
- quoted, 4, 14, 55, 58, 70, 78, 110, 155, 173, 241, 271, 287, 296, 335;
- at Marengo and Mantua, 76, 257;
- a believer in the offensive, 80, 81, 152, 153;
- in commerce warfare with Great Britain, 92, 93, 95, 223–228, 331;
- armies of, 172;
- and the northern neutrals, 184, 187;
- his plan for the invasion of England, 191–198;
- and the Trafalgar campaign, 221–223, 248;
- downfall of, 237;
- at Waterloo, 239
- Napoleonic Wars, 12, 31, 80, 81, 142, 307, 310, 343
- Naval Administration, civil vs. military, 113–115;
- Naval Training, 8–15
- Naval War College, Mahan at, #$1#;
- aims of, 10–15
- Navarino, battle of, 178
- Navies, motives for, 18, 355–357;
- Navigation Acts, British, 337
- Navy, British;
- Nebogatoff, Russian Admiral, 83
- Nelson, British Admiral, his place as a naval leader, #$1#;
- Netherlands. See Belgium; Holland
- Neutrality, League of Armed, 184–190
- Newport, Rhode Island, #$1#, 164, 166
- New York, 31, 69, 73, 164–167
- Niagara frontier, warfare on, 231–232, 235–236
- Nile, battle of, 153
- North Sea, 23, 25, 51, 313–316
- Nossi-Bé, 82, 83
- Offensive, advantage of, in war, 128–133, 229, 309–311;
- Ontario, Lake, campaign on, in War of 1812, 229–240
- Open Door Policy, 299–301, 325, 356, 357
- Oregon, United States ship, 59, 60
- Oswego, 232
- Pacific Coast, of United States, 35, 40, 67, 111, 112, 285, 289;
- Pacific Ocean, interest of the United States in, 289, 299–301
- Panama Canal, its effect on naval policy, 18, 27–29, 325;
- Paris, Treaty of, 147–148;
- Parker, British Admiral, 184–190
- Peace Conferences, at The Hague, #$1#, 132, 331, 342, 346
- Peninsular War, 81, 82
- Pensacola, 29
- Philippine Islands, 252, 349
- Pitt, Sir William, British Prime Minister, 143, 151
- Plevna, 56, 57
- Plymouth, England, 24, 31
- Pondicherry, 78, 154
- Population, affecting sea power, 43–44;
- of Pacific Coast, 301
- Port Arthur, threatening Japanese communications, 56, 57;
- Port Mahon, 289
- Porto Rico, 241, 349
- Ports, in Gulf and Caribbean, 128, 29;
- flanking communications, 56–58
- Portsmouth, England, 31
- Preparation, for war, 128–134, 229–230, 237–238, 357
- Private property at sea, immunity of, 78, 93, 98, 99, 328–341;
- Rule of 1756 regarding, 227–228
- Prussia, 147, 153, 189, 191, 228
- Puget Sound, 67
- Pyrenees, 52, 65
- Ratisbon, 50
- Red Sea, 152
- Resources, affecting strategic value of positions, 68, 69, 74
- Revel, 188–190
- Rhine River, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 60, 197.
- Richelieu, Cardinal, 31, 60
- Rions, Commodore de, 174
- Robespierre, 178
- Rochambeau, 164, 166, 170
- Rochefort, 174, 192
- Rodney, Admiral, in battle with De Guichen, 155, 159–164
- Roman Empire, 301
- Rooke, British Admiral, 156, 157
- Rosily, French Admiral, 199, 208, 221
- Rotterdam, 336
- Royal Sovereign, British ship, 123–217
- Rozhestvensky, Russian Admiral, 66, 70, 82–84, 257, 265, 270, 274, 276–282
- Russia, trade of, 25;
- Russo-Japanese War, 56–57, 64, 66, 82–84, 88, 256–282, 355
- Sackett’s Harbor, 232, 239
- St. George’s Channel, 37
- St. Helena, 20, 152
- St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 20;
- river, true frontier in 1812, 230 ff.
- St. Thomas, 103
- St. Vincent, Lord, policy of, 5, 193
- Saint-André, French Commissioner, 173, 179
- Saints’ Passage, battle of, 160, 169
- Samana Bay, 103
- Sampson, Admiral, #$1#, 241, 249, 250–255
- Santa Lucia, 74, 103, 105, 108
- Santiago de Cuba, 71, 103, 104, 107, 241, 243, 246, 247;
- blockade and battle of, 250–255
- Santisima Trinidad, Spanish ship, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220
- Sardinia, 37
- Scheldt River, 30, 248
- Schleswig Holstein, 349
- Schley, Admiral, 241, 246
- Sea Power, dependence on, a British policy, #$1#;
- scope of history of, 3;
- elements of, 16–47;
- conditions affecting, 21;
- growth of British, 141–146, 151–152;
- controls communications, 77–78;
- decisive in warfare, 98, 99;
- an important element in national growth, 154, 286–287;
- in Napoleonic Wars, 191–197, 221–224;
- a protection against aggressions by land powers, 306–308;
- interest in, 326–327
- Secession, War of. See Civil War
- Semenoff, Russian Captain, quoted, 280
- Seven Years’ War, 85–86, 142–144, 147–154, 307
- Shafter, General, 269
- Sherman, General, quoted, 335
- Ship design, unity of purpose in, 61–62
- Sicily, 37, 38, 39, 42
- Situation, determines strategic value of a point, 69–70, 110
- Smith, Sir Sidney, 126
- Socotra, 152
- Sound, between North and Baltic Seas, 51, 185, 186, 190
- South Africa, 290;
- South America, unstable political conditions in, 148–149;
- application of Monroe Doctrine to, 290
- Spain, position of, 26;
- Spanish-American War, strategy of, #$1#, 59–60, 88–90;
- Speed, of battleships, 61, 246–248
- Strasburg, 71, 137
- Strategic Lines and Positions, in the Caribbean, 65–78, 100–112;
- in the War of 1812, 238–240
- Strategy, defined, 4, 12, 49;
- Submarines, 70, 99
- Suez Canal, 26, 28, 51, 70, 77, 152, 252, 261, 289, 290
- Suffren, French Admiral, 86, 153
- Sully, French Minister, 38
- Suvarof, General, 262
- Sweden, trade of, 25;
- Tactics, defined, 4, 49;
- Territory, extent of, affecting sea power, 39–42
- Texel, 193
- Tobago, 160
- Togo, Japanese Admiral, 60, 66, 82–84, 90, 270, 276–280
- Torbay, 24
- Toronto, 231, 236
- Torpedo craft, 130–134
- Torrington, British Admiral, 242, 248
- Toulon, 57, 58, 154, 174, 192, 193, 196, 248
- Tourville, French Admiral, 80, 81, 155, 159, 207
- Trade. See Commerce
- Trafalgar, battle of, 5, 62, 192, 194, 196–223, 248
- Trieste, 306
- Trincomalee, 86
- Triple Alliance, 53, 304–306, 317–318
- Triple Entente. See Entente
- Tsushima, battle of, 64, 70, 82–84, 88, 265, 276–282
- Turkey, 33, 148, 150
- Ulm, 50, 71, 76, 191
- United States, merchant marine of, 18, 35;
- geographical position of, 22;
- and Panama Canal, 27–29;
- seacoasts of, inadequately protected, 34–36;
- exposed only by sea, 39;
- deficient in seafaring population, 44;
- colonial policy of, 46;
- seacoasts of, regarded as a line, 65–67;
- naval requirements of, 133–134;
- community of interests with Great Britain, 291–295, 306–308, 318–327;
- expansion of, 297–298;
- and the Open Door Policy, 299;
- political ideals of, 302;
- policy of, regarding commerce warfare, 331–333.
- See Navy, United States
- Utrecht, peace of, 141–142
- Vengeur, French ship, 180–182
- Venice, 306
- Victory, Nelson’s flagship, 213–214
- Vigo Bay, 157
- Villaret-Joyeuse, French Admiral, 178
- Villeneuve, French Admiral, quoted, 173;
- Vistula River, 12, 78
- Vladivostok, 66, 73, 82, 83, 88;
- Von der Goltz, General, quoted, 321
- War, principles of, 6;
- War of 1812, commerce warfare in, 91–99, 226–228;
- strategy of, 229–240
- Washington, General, 164;
- Washington, city of, 31
- Waterloo, battle of, 82, 239
- Weapons, changes in, 6
- Wellington, Duke of, 82, 234, 239
- West Indies, a source of wealth for Spain, 37;
- William II, of England, 81, 277, 281
- Wilkinson, General, 238
- Windward Passage, 102
- Wireless, in war, 84, 85
- Yalu River, 268
- Yang-tse River, 276
- Yeo, British Commodore, 235
- Yucatan Passage, 102, 104
- Zuyder Zee, 34