190, 263, 265, 269-272, 278, 280, 283-285, 287, 292, 293.
Man, relics of, in the Glacial period, chapter on, 242-301;
in glacial terraces of the United States, 242-262;
of Europe, 262-267;
in cave deposits of British Isles, 148, 267-274;
of the Continent, 274-281;
under lava-beds of the Pacific coast of North America, 294-301;
extinct animals associated with, 281-293.
Manitoba, 97.
Mankato, Minn., 229.
Marcilly, skull at, 279.
Marietta, Ohio, 231.
Marmot, 289, 293.
Marsh Creek Valley, Utah, 233.
Martigny, ancient glaciers near, 59, 60, 131, 211.
Massachusetts, 67 et seq., 73, 77 et seq., 81, 344, 345.
Mastodon, 262, 278, 285, 286.
Mattmark See, 211.
Maumee River, 220.
McGee, cited, 245, 254 et seq.
Medial moraines, formation of, 6;
of Muir Glacier, 27;
in Ohio, 100.
Medlicott, cited, 312.
Medora, Ind., 232, 251, 254.
Menai Straits, 145.
Mentone, skeleton of, 281.
Mer de Glace, 11, 44.
Merjelen See, 211, 241.
Mersey, the, 140.
Meteorites, 305.
Metz, cited, 250.
Meuse, valley of, 274 et seq.
Miami, the Great, 204, 220.
Miami, the Little, 231, 250.
Millersburg, Ohio, 232.
Mills, cited, 251.
Minneapolis, 232; buried outlet near, 208;
recession of falls at, 210, 340 et seq., 364.
Minnehaha, Falls of, 342.
Minnesota, 101, 107, 252 et seq.;
lakes of, 344.
Minnesota River, a glacial outlet, 208, 225, 228, 342.
Miocene epoch, animals of the, 285.
Mississippi River, gorge of, at Fort Snelling, 208, 364;
terraces on, 229;
erosion by, 329;
glacial drainage of, 335, 340.
Missouri Coteau, 101, 126, 228.
Missouri, 96, 98, 119.
Moel Tryfaen, 145, 167 et seq., 178, 273.
Mohawk River, glacial drainage of, 92, 202, 335;
ice-dam across, 220, 334, 335.
Mohegan Bock, 71; view of, 72.
Monongahela River, 214 et seq.
Montaigle, valley of the, 279.
Montana, 96.
Montreal, re-elevation of, 331.
Moose, 262.
Moraines, formation of, 6;
in Wisconsin, 98-100;
in Italy, 134, 135;
between Speeton and Flamborough, 156;
in Germany, 183.
Morecambe Bay, 146, 180.
Morgantown, W. Va., 215.
Morlot, cited, 354.
Mortillet, cited, 366, 369, 372.
Morvan, the, 136.
Moulins, formation of, 7.
Mount Shasta, 21.
Mount Washington, 61.
Mueller Glacier, 17.
Muir Glacier, 24 et seq.. 47, 68, 212;
view of front of, 26.
Muir, John, 24.
Muskingum River, 220, 231.
Musk ox, 262, 280.
Musk sheep, 289, 290, 293.
Nampa image, 297 et seq.
Nansen, 39, 41.
Naulette, jaw found at, 278, 279.
Neale, implements discovered by, 296, 373.
Neanderthal skull, 275 et seq.
Nebraska, 96.
Nelson River, 349.
Neufchâtel, 133.
Nevada, 124; lakes of, 233.
Névé-field defined, 3.
Newark, Ohio, 232.
Newberry on the preglacial drainage of the Hudson, 195 et seq.;
on the formation of the Great Lakes, 202 et seq.;
cited, 320.
Newburg, N. Y., 286.
New Comerstown, implement from, 232, 250, 251 et seq., 254.
New England, 57, 60, 61, 91;
ancient glaciers in, 66-83.
New Hampshire, 69, 71, 74, 80.
New Harmony, Ind., 232.
New Jersey, 83.
New Lisbon, Ohio, 232.
New York, 74, 84, 88, 91, 92 et seq.
New York Bay, 184, 197, 249.
New Zealand, 1, 126, 192, 330.
Niagara gorge, age of, 333 et seq.;
section of strata along the, 336.
Nile River, 285.
Nordenskiöld, 32, 34.
Norfolk, England, 161.
North America, existing glaciers in, 20 et seq.
North Sea, 238.
Norway, climate of, 314.
Nottingham, England, 164.
Nova Zembla, 14.
Oberlin, Ohio, 64, 344.
Oceanica, existing glaciers of, 16, 17.
Ohio River, glacial terrace, 217, 229.
Ohio, 64,72, 95, 98, 100, 103, 106,107-117, 119, 217, 249 et seq., 343, 344.
Oil Creek, 205, 232.
Olmo, skull at, 279.
Oregon, 21, 124.
Orme’s Head, Little, 147.
Orton, cited, 72, 107.
Oscillations of land-level in America, 124 et seq.
Oswestry. England, 173.
Ottawa River, 339.
Otter, 290.
Ouse, valley of the, 265.
Ox, 269, 270.
Pacific coast of America, 349.
Pacific Ocean, 318, 320.
Panama, Isthmus of, 113, 313, 314, 318.
Parsimony, law of, 117.
Pasterzen Glacier, 134.
Patagonia, 1.
Patton, 25.
Payer, 14, 39.
Peat-beds, 68, 125;
in Ohio, 107;
in Minnesota, 108;
in valley of the Somme, 355 et seq.
Pembina River, 228.
Pengelly, cited, 267, 270.
Pennine Chain, glaciation of, 137, 144, 146, 147, 154, 177.
Pennsylvania, 57, 61, 84 et seq., 119, 217.
Perry County, Ohio, 232.
Perthes, Boucher de, 262 et seq.
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 296.
Philadelphia, red gravel of, 254 et seq.
Phillips, cited, 267.
Picardy, glacial gravels of, 262.
Pittsburg, Pa., submergence of, 214, 217, 230.
Plum Creek, Ohio, 344.
Po, valley of the, 135;
erosion by, 328.
Pocatello, Idaho, 236, 299.
Pocono Mountain, 61.
Poland, 181.
Polynesian skull, 276.
Pomp’s Pond, section of kettle-hole near, 345.
Portageville, N. Y., 220.
Port Neuf River, Idaho, 236.
Portsmouth, Ohio, 231.
Portugal, human relics in glacial terraces of, 264;
supposed Tertiary man in, 367, 371 et seq.
Post-glacial erosion, 332 et seq.;
in Ohio, 343, 344;
in Illinois, 345 et seq.
Potomac River, 256 et seq.
Pot-holes in Lucerne, 133.
Pouchet, cited, 263.
Precession of equinoxes, 308.
Preglacial climate in England, 141, 142.
Preglacial levels in England, 139-142.
Prestwich, cited, 186, 189, 263 et seq., 284;
on date of Glacial period, 354, 357, 363, 364.
Provo shore-line, 237.
Putnam, cited, 250.
Puy-Courny, France, supposed Tertiary man at, 367, 370, 371.
Pyramid Lake, 350.
Pyrenees, glaciers of the, 11, 136;
Quaternary animals of, 280, 282;
age of, 328.
Quaternary animals of California, 281, 287;
in Germany, 279;
in Hungary, 279.
Quatrefages, cited, 276.
Queenston, Canada, 333 et seq.
Rabbit, 289.
Raccoon Creek, 343;
view of glacial terrace near, 227.
Rames, cited, 370, 371.
Ramsay, cited, 311.
Rappahannock River, 257.
Rawhide Gulch, Cal., 296.
Recession, rate of, of Falls of Niagara, 333 et seq.;
of Falls of St. Anthony, 340 et seq., 364;
of Black River, 342, 343.
Red deer, 263.
Red River of the North, 209, 228, 340;
ice-dam in, 225.
Regillout, 263.
Reid, Clement, quoted, 162.
Reid, H. F., 26, 47.
Reindeer, 188, 262, 263, 269, 270, 278, 280, 287, 290, 293.
Rhine, ancient glaciers of the, 129, 133.
Rhinoceros, 188, 263, 265, 271, 277, 278, 280, 284, 286, 287, 292;
woolly, 269, 270, 272, 280, 287.
Rhode Island, 67.
Rhône, ancient glaciers of, 58-60, 131,132, 185, 188;
map of, 58.
Richmond, Mass., train of boulders in, 70, 71.
Rink, Dr., 35.
Roanoke River, 257.
Rocky Mountains, 320, 322;
age of the, 328.
Rock-scorings, cause of, 51 et seq.;
in New England, 69;
on islands of Lake Erie, 103, 104;
in Pennsylvania, 119;
in Ohio, 103, 119;
in Indiana, 119;
in Illinois, 119;
in Missouri, 119.
Roman remains, 356.
Rome, N. Y., 335.
Rosa, Mount, 9, 134, 211.
Ross, Sir J. C, 18, 19, 311.
Royston, England, 155.
Runaway Pond, 207.
Russell, I. C, exploration of Mount St. Elias by, 30, 212;
cited, 233, 350 et seq.
Russia, glacial boundary in, 181, 189;
glacial drainage of, 238.
Saguenay, fiord of the, 197.
Salamanca, N. Y., buried channels near, 206.
Salisbury, cited, 183, 184.
Salt Lake City, 123.
Sandusky, Ohio, section of the lake ridges near, 223.
Sandusky River, 220.
Sanford, cited, 267.
Saskatchewan River, 228.
Saxony, 181.
Scandinavia, existing glaciers of, 2, 12;
ancient glaciers of, 129, 136, 157, 181-190;
re-elevation of, 331.
Scioto River, 231.
Scotland. (See British Isles.)
Seattle, section of till in, 55.
Second Glacial period, 106 et seq.
Section, ideal, across river bed in drift region, 229.
Sedimentation of lakes, 333.
Seine, terraces of the, 186, 188, 264.
Seracs, 4, 5.
Settle, England, 270.
Severn, the, 149-151, 285.
Shaler, 67, 242.
Shap granite, 154, 157, 180.
Ship Rock, 71.
Shone, cited, 180.
Shoshone Falls, 299.
Shrewsbury, England, 150.
Shropshire, England, 149, 173.
Siberia, 190;
Quaternary animals in, 280, 282, 283, 290;
climate of, 302, 316.
Sierra Nevada Mountains, 21, 294, 301, 320, 322, 349, 352.
Skertchly, quoted, 159.
Skipton, 144, 146.
Skull, comparative study of, 276.
Slickenside, 53.
Smock on depth of glacial ice, 90.
Snake River Valley, 236 et seq., 298.
Snowdon, 145, 171.
Snowy vole, 289.
Soleure, 133.
Solferino, 135.
Solway Glacier, 153, 155, 180.
Somme, terraces of the, 186, 262 et seq., 285, 286, 355, 359 et seq.
Sonora, Cal., 294 et seq.
South America, existing glaciers of, 17;
ancient glaciers in, 126.
Southampton, England, 266.
South Dakota, 96, 98.
Spain, ancient glaciers of, 136;
human relics in glacial terraces of, 264;
Quaternary animals of, 280.
Speeton, 140, 155, 156.
Spencer, cited, 224.
Spencer, N. Y., 220.
Spitsbergen, 12.
Spy, man of, 275, 277.
St. Acheul, 263.
Stag, 289.
Stainmoor, England, 154, 157, 180.
Stalagmite, rate of accumulation of, 352 et seq.
Stanislaus River, Cal., 294.
St. Anthony, Falls of, 340 et seq., 364.
Steamburg, N. Y., buried channel at, 206.
St. Elias, 30 et seq., 212.
St. Lawrence River, glacial drainage of, 335, 339.
St. Louis, Mo., 119, 364.
St. Paul, Minn., 228.
About This Book
The work surveys geological evidence of past glacial activity and examines its relationship to human presence and antiquity. It explains glacial deposits, terraces, and stratigraphic contexts, assesses artifact discoveries claimed to be Paleolithic, and considers dating and formation processes that affect interpretation. Through regional case studies and critique of competing readings of the field record, the author evaluates how glacial episodes shaped landscapes and influenced human dispersion and technology. The book combines descriptive geology with discussion of archaeological implications, aiming to clarify methods for distinguishing natural from human-made features and to place human remains and implements within a glacial chronology.