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Marxism and Darwinism

Chapter 2: “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.”
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About This Book

A series of essays examines parallels and distinctions between evolutionary biology and socialist theory, tracing how Darwinian concepts of variation and adaptation have been applied to social questions. The author summarizes Marxist analysis of production, class relations, and technological change as engines of social development and contrasts these social mechanisms with biological explanations. Individual chapters treat the class struggle, critiques of social Darwinism, natural law and social theory, human sociability, the development of tools, language and thought, and comparisons between organs and implements. Throughout, the work urges careful separation of biological and social causation while exploring useful analogies and implications for critiques of capitalism.

“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.”

In northern climes, the polar bear
Protects himself with fat and hair,
Where snow is deep and ice is stark,
And half the year is cold and dark,
He still survives a clime like that
By growing fur, by growing fat.
These traits, O bear, which thou transmittest
Prove the Survival of the Fittest.
To polar regions waste and wan,
Comes the encroaching race of man,
A puny, feeble, little bubber,
He has no fur, he has no blubber.
The scornful bear sat down at ease
To see the stranger starve and freeze—
But, lo! the stranger slew the bear,
And ate his fat and wore his hair;
These deeds, O Man, which thou committest
Prove the Survival of the Fittest.
In modern times the Millionaire
Protects himself as did the bear:
Where Poverty and Hunger are
He counts his bullion by the car:
Where thousands perish still he thrives—
The wealth, O Croesus, thou transmittest
Proves the Survival of the Fittest.
But, lo, some people odd and funny,
Some men without a cent of money—
The simple common human race
Chose to improve their dwelling place:
They had no use for millionaires,
They calmly said the world was theirs,
They were so wise, so strong, so many,
The Millionaires?—there wasn’t any.
These deeds, O Man, which thou committest
Prove the Survival of the Fittest.

—Mrs. Charlotte Stetson.