OMAHA[262]
Ahead (in front), påhanga.
All (the whole), så-ni, or wå-så-ni̍.
Alone, snog-djé (j French; g almost like German ch).
Always, schon-schon (on French).
American (an), Må̍hi-tánga; i.e., Long Knife.
Anxiety (fear), no-pä̍.
Arm, ah-schih.
Arrow, måh.
Ashes, må-chu-dä̍ (ch guttural).
Ask (question), j-uá-cha-ga (ch palatal; ga short).
Awake (v, intr), wåtómbe-najeh (j French; e distinctly pronounced).
Awake (v, tr), ih-ki-räh (the whole even); same word as in the Oto language.
Axe, måsöppä.
Back (n), nokkån (n French).
Back (backwards), chára (ch guttural).
Backward (back), charah (ch guttural); charah-monni, go back, return.
Bad (malicious), båskidä.
Ball (bullet), måh-seh-man (an French).
Beard, ndähi̍.
Beautiful, oh-campé (campe French; the whole pronounced together).
Belly, ni̍cha (ch guttural).
Below (beneath), mottata (all syllables even).
Beside (near), ohanga.
Between, ohrisa.
Bird, uåji̍nga (j French).
Bite (v), wåråchta (ch guttural; ta short).
Bitter, ski-da-jä (j French); i.e., not sweet.
Black, såh-bä̍ (ba short).
Bladder, nä̍chä (ch guttural).
Blind (adj), ischtá-uäraje (je French; final e distinct).
Blond, på-hi̍ssong.
Blood, uåh-mi̍.
Bloody, uåh-mi̍-ogippi.
Blow (v; blowout), abichä (ch guttural).
Blue, túh.
Bone (bones), uaï-hih.
Bough, jån-jinga (French).
Bow, mondähi̍.
Break open (v), grabä̍.
Breast, mong-gä̍.
Breast (female), månsä̍ (an French), i.e., iron.
Bridge, ohäata.
Broad, bróska.
Brook, wåtischka-jinga (j French).
Brother, sónga.
Brown, chudä̍ (ch guttural).
Burn (v), nåh-ning-gä.
Burn (v; consume by burning), nåh-chu-dä̍ (ch guttural).
Bury(v; inter), oh-chä (ch guttural).
Buy (v), uåh-ri-mäh.
Calm (n), obrágä (ga short).
Call (v), hah-gä.
Canoe, mondäh.
Cave, mon-schont-djé (on French, likewise j; e audible).
Caught (taken prisoner), uåhnihih.
Child, schi̍nga-schi̍nga.
Circle, uah-nasseh (run together).
Clear (bright), kéhra (ra with the point of the tongue).
Cloud (masses of cloud), mååchpi̍h.
Cold, sni̍h.
Come (v), gih-ga.
Conquer (v; be victorious), uåhuang.
Convenient (comfortable), same word as for good.
Count (v; number), råh-uä (a short).
Cure (v), gini̍h.
Cut (v), måh-chån (ch guttural; an French).
Cut (v; cut down, fell), gå-säh.
Cut down (v; fell), gåhsä̍.
Cry (v; scream, shout), pån (French).
Dark, hogan-nåpasseh.
Daughter, ih-jang-gä (j French).
Day, ombá; to-day, ombara.
Dance (n), uatschi̍-góchä (cha guttural).
Dead, tsä̍h.
Deaf, nåh-chiddä-ning-gä (ch guttural; the whole run together).
Dear (costly; of goods), uåhrimitächä (ch guttural).
Death, tsä̍h.
Deceive (v; cheat), siesch-tánka.
Devil (evil spirit), wåhkonda-pehjhé (j French).
Die (v), gih-tsäh.
Dirty, mån-chri-chri (n French; ch guttural).
Dirty (v; or adj), må-cherihcherih (ch guttural; e very short; the whole short).
Door, tih-ombah (om French).
Double, nombá (French).
Drag (v; pull along), påhi̍-gåh-chä (ch guttural).
Draw (v; draw water), nih-isé.
Dream (n), ombrä̍ (om French).
Dream (v), ihra-ombrä (om French).
Drink (v), ratan (an French).
Dry (adj), bihsä (sa short).
Dust, måh-åh-schudä̍.
Dwelling place (hunting stand), goss-sin (in like i nasal).
Ear, nittá.
Ear-ornament, uh-uï̍n (in nasal, like i).
Early, chossonn (ch guttural).
Earth, moniká.
Egg, uë̍sa.
Enemy, oki̍thä.
Englishman, Ságanasch (German throughout).
Enough, schéhna (na short).
Entertain (v; eat), wåratä-gih-i.
Evening, påh-séh.
Everywhere, mánschon-brughä̍ (on French).
Eye, ischtá.
Eyelid, ischtá-hi̍.
Face (sight), indjäh (i barely audible; j French).
Fall (v) gochhiára (ch guttural; the whole short).
Far (distant), uä̍-ahiddä (the whole run together).
Far (distant), uä̍h-ahiddäh.
Fat, uä̍gri.
Father, dah-dä̍h.
Feather, måh-schung.
Female (of animals), ming-gá.
Finger, nombä̍; same word as for hand.
Fire, pädé.
Fish, hů́h.
Fish (v), hu-issä.
Fish-hook, hu-uä-gossä̍.
Fist, nombä̍-sóngä̍ (om French).
Flee (v; escape), o̍nhä (on French, and nasal).
Flesh, tah-núka; i.e., fresh meat.
Flesh (dried), táh.
Flint, manhissi̍ (an French).
Flow (v), kahirá.
Fog, schuschudä̍.
Foot, sihá.
Forehead, pä̍h.
Forest, chråbä (ch guttural; ba short).
Forget (v), gih-sirajäh (j French; the whole run together).
Freeze (v), osnih.
Frenchman, Uǻchä (ch guttural).
Friend, kågä̍.
Full, ogipi.
Go (v), monni̍h.
God (creator, good spirit), wǻhkonda.
Good, udá; the best, eh-jna-udá (j French).
Gray, són (French).
Gray-haired, påhi̍-son (French).
Great (tall), tangá.
Green, tuch-tsche (e short); i.e., literally, very blue.
Ground (earth), moniká.
Grow (v), granräh-tigräh (an French; gr with the point of the tongue).
Gun, uahutan (ua like wa; an French).
Hair, påhi̍.
Hand, nombä̍ (om French).
Hard, sågäh.
Head, nasch-kéh.
Healthy, uåh-kägajäh (j French).
Hear (v), nåhk-on (on French; the whole run together).
Heart, nondä̍.
Heavy (difficult), sking-gä.
Hide (v), na-che-ran (ch guttural; an French; e short).
High, manschih (an French).
Hope (v), bräh-gan (an French).
Horn, hä̍h.
Horns, hä̍h.
Horse (a young horse), schantón-schi̍nga (an and on French; first word with emphasis; second without).
Hot, manschtä̍ (an French).
House (lodge), ti̍h.
Hunger, nånpähi (an French).
Hunt (v), åh-baäh.
Hurricane, taddäh-soggäh-noppewårre (e always distinctly pronounced).
I, ui̍h.
Ice, nuchä̍ (ch guttural).
Incurable, ginitä̍chä.
Intoxicate (v; intoxicated), tǻhni.
Iron, månsä̍ (an French).
Jar (vessel), dähchä (ch guttural).
Knife, må-ni̍h, or mahi̍.
Know (v), ihpahan (an French).
Know (v; be acquainted with), ih-pahán (pa short; an French).
Lance (spear), måndähi̍ (an French).
Land, manschon (an and on French).
Laugh (v, or n), måndehi̍ (an French).
Leader (chief), kahigä.
Leaf, jån-hich-pä (jan French; final e distinct).
Leg, jägá (j French).
Lie (v; deceive), i-uh-sisch-tan (an French; the whole run together).
Lip, ih-há.
Little (in quantity), diuba.
Loose (of clothes), gran-deh (an French).
Maiden, mi̍h-jinga (mih with emphasis; ji French; jinga without emphasis).
Maize, uå-tån-säh (an French).
Man, núh.
Man (human being), núh.
Marry (v), ming-grán (gran French).
Meal (or to eat?), uǻrateh.
Messenger, ikih-monnäh.
Milk (n), påsé-nih.
Mirror, ni̍o-kigrásse (a audible; i and o separated).
Moon, mih-om-ba (mih with emphasis; the whole run together).
Morning, kåsi̍n (in French).
Mother, nåh-håh.
Mountain, påhi̍-moschä̍.
Mouth, hi̍h.
Much, ah-hi̍gä.
Music, uåhuan (an French).
My, uïh-uïh-tá.
Nail (on hand, foot, hoof, claw), schagä̍.
Naked, juh-núka (j French).
Name, jajä̍ (French).
Neck (throat), táh-hi.
Necklace, uåh-nompi̍ (last word French).
Needle, uåkóh.
Negro, nikka-schinga-sóbbä; or wåchä-sóbbä (ch guttural).
New, tähga.
Night, hán (an French).
Noon, mih-oh-kan-ska (an French).
Nose, pǻh.
Old, isch-ágä.
Old man, isch-ágä.
Old woman, uåu-schi̍nge (uau somewhat separated).
Oldest, jini̍ (j French); my oldest brother, vijini̍.
Over (above), manschiata (an French).
Pain (n), nih-ä (run together).
Paint (v), gih-kon-sä (on French; sa short).
Peace, manchon-úda (an and on French); i.e., not war.
Pipe (tobacco), ninibǻh.
Play (v), skådä.
Pluck (v; feathers), hi-snú-djä (j French).
Pray (v), wåkonda-berihs-tubä̍ (e short; otherwise German throughout).
Prisoner, uåh-nihih.
Point (n), påhi̍.
Pouch (sack), uh-ji̍.
Powder (gun-powder), måh-chudä̍ (ch guttural; the whole run together).
Pull (v; draw), gih-snuh.
Punish (v; whip), uh-tih.
Quarrel (v; fight), kihkinna.
Quick, hocherä (ch German).
Rain (n), nah-jé (j French).
Red, jidä̍ (ji French).
Rib, rittih.
Ripe, (of fruit), nidä̍.
River, uåti̍schka.
Roast (v, or n), djä-gran (French).
Rock (cliff), in-in (French nasal).
Round, buut-ton (on French).
Run (v), toh-neh.
Sack (leather), uh-ji̍-hå.
Sand, bih-saak.
Sea, ni̍h-tánga; i.e., big water.
See (v), tom-bä̍.
Sharp (pointed), på-hi̍.
Shave (v), båhs-kébbä.
Shoot (v; with a bow), måh-wåkiddäh.
Shoot (v; with a gun), wåhutonwåkiddäh (on French).
Shore (bank), nih-cǻhan (an French).
Show (v), ahbasuh.
Sick, uåh-ká-ga.
Sister, tangä̍.
Sit (v), gerin (e short; r with the point of the tongue; in like i nasal).
Skin (hide), håh.
Sleep (v), ajan (French).
Sleepy, ján-gonda (jan French).
Small, jingá (j French).
Smell (v; sniff at, scent), amberan (French).
Smoke (n), schudä̍, or schudé.
Smoke (v; tobacco), ninihi̍.
Snow (n), måh.
Son, ji-ingä̍ (j French; the whole run together).
Speak (v), i̍h-ä.
Spirits (distilled), pädji-ni̍h (j French).
Spring (source), ni̍h-hónga.
Spring (the season), mä̍h.
Spring (v; leap, jump), o-uis-seh (run together).
Squint (v), tåguscheh.
Star, pikä̍.
Stomach, mång-gäh.
Stone, ih-in (n French; in like i nasal).
Storm (thunder storm), tadähsoggäh.
Strong, uååsch-kán-tanga (an French).
Stump, buhtan (an French).
Stupid, uåje-ningé (j French).
Summer, núgä.
Sun, mi̍h.
Sunrise, mi̍h-hi̍h.
Sunset, mi̍h-núschä.
Sweet, skidä̍.
Swim (v), ni̍huan (an French); same word as in the Oto language.
Tail (of an animal), sindä̍ (German throughout).
Tear (v; tear, or break to pieces), ih-bråh-sä (ah French; sa short).
Tear out (v; pull out), schuúdä.
Tears, ischtá-nih; i.e., eye water.
Teeth, ihí.
Thick, tångá.
Thin, bräkä.
Tobacco, nini̍h.
Toe, sih-schogä̍.
Tomahawk, mǻse-päji̍inga (se short; j French; last word rapidly pronounced).
To-morrow, kåsonn.
Tongue, rä̍hse (e distinctly pronounced); téh-rähs, buffalo tongue.
Toothache, ihí-nidä̍.
Top (summit), måschiadä̍.
Trace (track of an animal), sihgerä.
Trader, uåh-ri-mäh.
Tree, chråbä (ch guttural).
True, mikkä.
Turn (v; twist), ohma-terischan (an French).
Unhealthy (sickly), wåh-kägaschtån (the whole even and run together).
Unripe, nihd-aije (ai together; j French; e low but distinct).
Wait (v), ihra-pä̍.
War, noh-dan (an French).
Warm, moschtä̍.
Warmth, tåhbrä (bra short).
Warrior, uå-schu-schäh.
Wash (v), ni̍h-ja-hä̍ (j French).
Water, ni̍h.
Water-jar (water cask), ni̍h-ujé (j French).
Wax, kegranchä-uägrä (an French; ch guttural; g with the point of the tongue).
Weep (v), hahgä.
Wet, núka.
What? how? dah-dan (an French).
Whirlpool, nih-berih-berin (short and run together; e short; in like i nasal).
Whistle (v; pipe), suhdä̍.
White, ská.
White man, nika-schinga-hi̍chaskah (ch guttural).
Widow, igrangä-tsäh (run together).
Wind (n), tahdä.
Wind (v; wind game), obrán (an French).
Wing, ahi̍.
Winter, måhrä (ra short).
Woman (wife), wåh-úh.
Wood, ján (French).
Work (v), monni̍.
Wound (v; shoot), o̍h.
Wrap up (v), ih-kónta.
Yellow, si̍h.
Yes, anhán (indistinct, nasal).
Young, jingáh (ji French; g guttural).
Numerals
One, miachtscheh (ach guttural).
Two, nombáh.
Three, råh-beneh (be short).
Four, túba.
Five, såtoͣn (n French).
Six, schåh-peh.
Seven, péh-nombáh.
Eight, péh-rǻbene (first e short; second e audible).
Nine, schónka.
Ten, chrä̍bene (bene short).
Animals
Bear (black), wåssóbbä.
Bear (grizzly), mån-tchú (an French; tchu German).
Beaver, jǻbä (j French; ba short).
Buffalo, téh, or tä̍h.
Deer (common), tahg-tchä (German).
Dog, schinúda (da short).
Elk, onpǻh (on French).
Horse, schóngä-tónga.
Lynx, igrong-gá (pronounced together).
Otter, tuhsch-nongä̍.
Ox (European), tä̍h-ská (run together).
Panther, igronga-sindä̍-snaddäh; sindä-snaddäh, with long tail.
Skunk, móng-ga.
Snake, ueh-sá.
Swine, kokosch.
Turkey, (wild), sihsikah.
Turtle, kehtan (an French).
Wolf, (black), schánton-sóbbä (a short).
Wolf, (gray), schánton-son (an and on French).
Wolf (prairie), mikkasseh.
FOOTNOTES:
[262] Written from the pronunciation of Major Dougherty, who understood this language perfectly. The Omáhas belong to the Dacóta linguistic group, and form with the Osages, Konzas, Ayowäs (Joways), Missouris, Otos, and Puncas, Mr. Gallatin's southern Sioux. Among the nations named there are several different dialects, of which the Osages and Konzas speak one; the Otos, Ayowäs, and Missouris another; and the Omahas and Puncas a third. On these peoples, see Gallatin (ibid., pp. 126-28). There it is noted that a vocabulary of the Ayowäs (Jówäs) is lacking; a gap which I can claim to have filled, since I was assured by Major Dougherty that the Ayowäs speak the Oto language, whose words are given below.—Maximilian.